WO1998045545A1 - Mur thermique et procede de fabrication du mur - Google Patents

Mur thermique et procede de fabrication du mur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998045545A1
WO1998045545A1 PCT/FI1998/000317 FI9800317W WO9845545A1 WO 1998045545 A1 WO1998045545 A1 WO 1998045545A1 FI 9800317 W FI9800317 W FI 9800317W WO 9845545 A1 WO9845545 A1 WO 9845545A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermal
profiles
wall
apertures
wall structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1998/000317
Other languages
English (en)
Finnish (fi)
Inventor
Asko Erkki Sarja
Tarmo Kalevi Mononen
Lasse Johannes Rajala
Original Assignee
Rautaruukki Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rautaruukki Oy filed Critical Rautaruukki Oy
Priority to EP98913784A priority Critical patent/EP1007801A1/fr
Publication of WO1998045545A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998045545A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0081—Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties
    • B28B23/0087—Lightweight aggregates for making lightweight articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7604—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only fillings for cavity walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E04B2/7412—Posts or frame members specially adapted for reduced sound or heat transmission
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B2001/386—Nailable or screwable inserts for foam panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plate-like wall structure or wall component which com- prises: oppositely positioned outer surfaces and, between the outer surfaces, load- bearing frame members formed of thermal profiles, the frame members being made up of substantially one bent sheet metal piece and comprising: at opposite edges, flanges, at least part of one or both flanges being located in the area of the outer surfaces; connecting the flanges, a web in the orientation of the thickness of the struc- ture of the component: in its web, thermal perforation which reduces the conduction of heat, the perforation being made up of substantially oblong thermal apertures, the oblong property of the apertures being parallel to the profile length and there being such apertures in adjacent rows in the web so that in any two adjacent rows of apertures the thermal apertures are offset relative to each other.
  • the invention also re- lates to methods for the fabrication of wall structures and wall components of a corresponding type by using at least one casting form surface and by casting, between the sheet metal profiles and in contact therewith, a composite material in which the principal binding agent is a hydraulically hardening inorganic mix and which fills the spaces between the sheet metal profiles and forms a rigid thermal insulation.
  • FI publication 75389 describes a wall frame having vertical lightweight beams made from thin sheet and between them foamed concrete the density of which is stated to be at maximum 600 kg/m 3 .
  • the description in the publication also mentions 350 kg/m 3 as a possible density for the foamed concrete, and the figures in the pub- lication also depict such a positioning of these light beams that no cold bridges are formed in the orientation of the thickness of the wall frame.
  • one of the figures in the publication shows a curve purporting to depict the thermal conductivity of foamed concrete as a function of the density.
  • the foamed concrete density of 350 kg/m " ' mentioned in the publication is not suitable for use in exterior walls or in loadbearing walls, since the strength of such concrete is very low and, furthermore, it has a considerable tendency to crack.
  • the value of the thermal conductivity of such foamed concrete having a density of 350 kg/m 3 is. contrary to what is shown in the figure of the reference publication, approx. 0.1 W/m 2 -K, which is not sufficient in- sulation for an exterior wall.
  • US publication 4 918 897 describes a very complicated system for the construction of multiple story buildings.
  • the vertical loadbearing sheet profiles in this reference publication have perforated portions which, according to the description in the publication, are intended for improving the bonding between concrete and the metal profile.
  • the publication does not include a more detailed description of the quality or type of the concrete or corresponding mix to be cast between the sheet metal profiles, and thus what is in question is probably conventional concrete having sand and/or gravel and/or crushed stone as the aggregate.
  • the sheet metal profiles according to the publication are made from a plurality of parts, and therefore their manufacturing costs are high.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a cast-on-site wall structure or a wall component prefabricated elsewhere and brought to the building site in which structure or component the loadbearing sheet metal profiles can be made simultaneously capable of bearing high loads and to make good thermal insulation of the wall possible. This means thus that the loadbearing sheet metal profiles used withstand high loads in the direction of their length, but do not form cold bridges extending across the wall.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a wall structure or wall component of this type wherein the thermally insulating composite material provided between the sheet metal profiles is simultaneously light in weight, well thermally insulating, and strong.
  • a third object of the invention is a wall structure or wall component of this type wherein all the materials and structural parts are so simple and easy to use that the manufacturing costs of a wall structure cast on site or a wall component prefabricated elsewhere and brought to the building site are low.
  • the most important advantage of the invention is that the new thermal profile used in it has properties which especially well prevent the conduction of heat in the direction of the wall thickness and at the same time has a very good loadbearing ca- pacity in spite of its low thermal conductivity.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the density of the thermal concrete used in a wall according to the invention may be less than 350 kg/m 3 while the strength of the thermal concrete is, nevertheless, very good. Furthermore, this thermal concrete does not have any tendency to crack at this said density and not even at a lower density.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal concrete to be used in the structure according to the present invention is very low, for example at the said density 200-250 kg/m J of the order of 0.06 W/m 2 -K, and thus the thermal insulation provided by this thermal concrete is very good even at small wall thicknesses.
  • wall structures according to the invention may be fabricated either on site or as components elsewhere by a simple and easily controlled manufacturing method in which the error possibilities are very small.
  • durable, lightweight walls with a high loadbearing capacity and a high insulation capacity are obtained for exterior walls and partition walls of buildings.
  • Figure 1 depicts a horizontal cross section of a wall structure or wall component according to Figure 2, through its plane I-I.
  • Figure 2 depicts, as seen in a horizontal direction, a typical wall structure or wall component according to the invention and its adjoining to the adjacent wall structure or wall component, from direction II in Figures 1 and 3.
  • Figure 3 depicts schematically an extension of a wall structure section or a wall component according to the invention or their connection to each other, in a horizontal cross-section through plane III-III in Figure 2.
  • Figures 4A-4F depict cross-sections of some embodiments of the thermal profile according to the invention, through IN-IN in Figure 2.
  • Figure 5 depicts one thermal perforation of a thermal profile according to the inven- tion, in a direction perpendicular to the web of the profile, from direction N in Figures 4A-4F.
  • Figure 6 depicts the connection of two wall structure sections or wall components according to the invention in area Nl of Figure 3, but on a larger scale and sup- plemented with potential additional structural parts of the wall.
  • Figure 7A depicts one preferred embodiment of the fabrication of a wall component according to the invention, seen from above from direction Nil in Figure 7B.
  • Figure 7B depicts the wall component prefabrication method according to Figure 7A, as seen in a horizontal direction as a cross-section through NIII-NIII in Figure 7A.
  • Figure 8A depicts one method according to the invention for the fabrication of a wall structure, a wall structure section or a wall component by another method according to the invention, as seen from above from direction IX in Figure 8B.
  • Figure 8B depicts the method according to Figure 8A for the fabrication of a wall structure, a wall structure section or a wall component, as seen from the side in a cross-section through X-X in Figure 8A.
  • reference numeral 10 is used for indicating in general a wall structure, wall structure section or wall component according to the invention.
  • Reference numerals 10a and 10b are used for indicating a wall structure section or a wall component only when the case is of two adjoining or otherwise separate wall structure sections or wall components.
  • Reference numerals 3 and 4 are used for indicating generally sheet metal profiles, and specifically thermal profiles according to the invention, when it is not necessary to define their location or position.
  • Their modified reference numerals 3a, 3b, 3c, etc., and, respectively, 4a, 4b, 4c, etc., are used only when it is necessary to specify the location or position of a thermal profile according to the invention.
  • Reference numeral 5 is used for the thermally insulating composite material when it is in a fluid, i.e. castable, form and reference numeral 15 when it has hardened to its final loadbearing and thermally insulating form. It is to be understood that in this case sometimes both reference numerals are needed for defining the composite material.
  • the wall structure, wall structure section, or wall component according to the invention has. of course, a plate orientation P, which denotes a plane parallel to the oppositely positioned outer surfaces 1 and 2 of the wall structure or wall component, the plane being indicated as plane P in Figures 1 and 3, the wall structure or wall component according to Figure 2 being seen perpendicular to it.
  • outer surfaces 1 and 2 are meant here the two outer surfaces of the wall structure or wall component, formed after the fabrication method according to the invention, which surfaces are, of course, not neces- sarily the same surfaces as the exterior surface of the final wall and the surface facing the interior of the building, these surfaces being clarified by means of Figure 6.
  • These plate-like wall structures or wall components have, between their outer surfaces 1 and 2.
  • loadbearing frame members made up of sheet metal profiles 3, 4, which frame members are thus in the final building either vertical, as are the frame members 3a-3f in Figure 2, or in an oblique position, as are the frame members 3g in - Figure 7 A.
  • These frame members have each, at their oppositely positioned edges flanges 7a and 7b, a web 6 connecting the flanges and extending in the orientation of the thickness D of the structure or component.
  • the plate-like wall structure, wall structure section or wall component in its final form of use comprises a stiff thermally insulating composite material 15, which fills the spaces between the sheet metal profiles and is bonded to these profiles.
  • such a stiff thermally insulating material 15 is a material the principal binder in which is a hydraulically hardening inorganic mix, such as cement, in which case it is possible to use Portland cement, blast furnace slag, mixtures thereof, or other as such cornmonly known or new materials, called for exam- pie cements, or mixtures thereof, according to the requirements of the targeted use in each given case.
  • a hydraulically hardening inorganic mix such as cement
  • the wall structure, wall structure section or prefabricated wall component 10 comprises frame members 3a, 3b, 3c, etc., 4a, 4b, etc., which consist of the thermal profile 3,4 according to the invention, the web 6 and flanges 7a and 7b of the frame members being made up of substantially one bent sheet metal piece, as can be understood especially on the basis of Figures 4A-4F.
  • These thermal profiles 3, 4 comprise in their webs 6 thermal perforation 9 which re- Jerusalem the conduction of heat from the direction of one flange 7a towards the other flange 7b, and of course also in the opposite direction.
  • thermal perforation 9 is meant the region of thermal apertures 11 located over a certain width of the web, which area is in the thickness direction D of the wall and extends over the entire length LL of the thermal profile.
  • All of the side edges 16 and 26 of the said wall structure or wall component 10, transverse to its plate orientation P, i.e. parallel to the wall thickness D, are made up of said thermal profiles 3,4.
  • the thermally insulating composite material 15 is a thermal concrete the aggregate of which is in the main made up of hollow particles. These hollow particles make it possible that the thermal insulation capacity of the thermal concrete is high, its volume weight is low and, nevertheless, its strength is high.
  • the wall structure or wall component according to the invention is thus based on a combination in which, first, all the metal frame members both in the side edges 16, 26 of the structure and within the structure are made up of thermal profiles 3, 4, and second, the spaces between these frame members are filled by a substantially thermally insulating composite material.
  • the composite material is thus a thermal concrete in which the aggregate consists mainly of hollow particles.
  • the structure and structural alternatives of the thermal profile 3, 4 according to the invention are shown in greater detail in Figures 4A-4F and in Figure 5.
  • the thermal profile may, first, be in cross-section a U-profile, as shown in Figures 4A-4D.
  • the flanges 7a and 7b of the profile are typically perpendicular to the plane of the web 6 or to the mean plane, as shown in the figures.
  • Figures 4E and 4F show that embodiment of the thermal profile 3, 4 in which the extreme edges of the profile flanges 7a and 7b have edge folds 8 pointing against each other, in which case the thermal profile is in its cross section a so-called C-profile.
  • FIGS 4 A and 4E show a thermal profile according to the invention in which the web 6 is straight and contains only the area 9 of the thermal perforation.
  • Figures 4B and 4D show thermal profile embodiments in which the web 6 contains two sets of stiffener folds 13 parallel to the profile length LL, the folds being oriented in the same direction from the web as are the flanges 7a and 7b.
  • Figure 4F shows an embodiment in which one stiffener fold 14 is oriented from the web 6 in a direction opposite to the orientation of the flanges 7a and 7b.
  • stiffener folds 13, 14 may additionally be used for holding in place the insulation between adjoining wall structure sections or wall components, as will be described below.
  • the cross- sectional shape of the stiffener folds 13, 14 may be any selected shape. The figures show triangular and semicircular shapes, but it would also be possible to use a rectangular or other shape. If the web of a thermal profile has two stiffener folds, it is usually advantageous to provide thermal perforation 9 only between these stiffener folds and to place the folds rather close to the flanges 7 a, 7b.
  • the distance W3 between the outer surfaces of the flanges 7a, 7b of the thermal profiles intended for the side edges 16, 26 of the wall structure or wall element must be equal to the thickness D of the desired structure or component to be cast from thermal concrete, as can be understood on the basis of Figures 1, 3 and 6, as well as 7B and 8A.
  • the thermal profiles for the cen- tral parts of the wall structure or wall component, such as thermal profiles 3f in Figures 1 and 2 may have a width W3 smaller than the thickness D of the wall structure or the wall component or the thermal concrete.
  • the thermal perforation 9 of the thermal profile 3,4 according to the invention is made up of oblong thermal apertures 11, the length Ll of the thermal apertures being parallel to the profile length LL.
  • the web 6 has such thermal apertures in its width orientation W3 in several adjacent rows 12a, 12b, 12c, etc., as can be seen in Figure 5, which shows in part the webs of profiles according to Figures 4A-4F.
  • the length Ll of the thermal apertures 11 is at least five times, preferably at least ten times, and possibly even 25 times the width Wl of the apertures.
  • the web has thermal apertures 11 in at least three adjacent rows 12a, 12b and 12c, as shown in Figures 7B and 8 A, but most preferably the number of rows of these thermal apertures is greater, for example four or six. as shown in Figure 5.
  • the thermal apertures are offset relative to each other. This means that in one row the distance L2 between successive thermal apertures 11 is in alignment with the length Ll of a thermal aper- ture in the adjacent row of thermal apertures 11, and typically in the middle of this length Ll, as is shown in Figure 5.
  • the distance W2 between the adjacent rows 12a, 12b, 12c, etc., of thermal apertures is typically greater than the thermal aperture width Wl in the direction of the width W3 of the web.
  • these width dimensions are in each given case designed keeping in mind the required loadbearing capacity and thermal insulation capacity.
  • the binder in the thermal concrete 15 is made up of a hydraulically, i.e. by means of water, hardening, at least in the main inorganic mix, such as any known cement type or new cement type or a corresponding material.
  • the mix may also contain organic additives. These mixes and any additives are all materials known per se, and therefore they are not described here in greater detail.
  • the particles of the filler or aggregate of the thermal concrete 15 consist at least in the main of hollow microspheres having an outer diameter in any case smaller than 3 mm and in practice at maximum 2 mm.
  • the structure of a thermal concrete consisting of larger microspheres is often non-homogeneous and too brittle.
  • the hollow microspheres of the aggregate of thermal concrete according to the invention have an outer diameter preferably at maximum 1 mm, but it is also possible to use microspheres of an order of 0.5 mm.
  • the material of these hollow microspheres may be any glass type or any ceramic material or any suitable plastic.
  • the aggregate of the thermal concrete may also consist of a mixture of hollow microspheres of different materials. Such hollow microspheres are known per se, and they are used as aggregates or fillers in different materials, and thus it is not necessary to describe them here in greater detail.
  • the density of a thermal concrete 15 of the type described above, i.e. a hardened and dried thermally insulating composite material, is according to the invention less than 350 kg/m 3 , and preferably less than 300 kg/m 3 .
  • the thermal concrete used in a wall structure or wall component according to the invention is a thermal concrete which contains the binder and aggregate described above and has a density within a range of 200-250 kg/m 3 .
  • a thermal insulation capacity which is below 0.06 W/m " -K with reasonable and normally used wall thicknesses.
  • a thermal concrete having a density of the order of 150 kg/m Even at this density, a thermal concrete of the type described will not tend to crack but is stable in structure, contrary to foamed concretes. Since the thermal concrete used has a hardening mechanism of the same type as other conventional concrete mixes, there are no production problems in the casting and hardening of the concrete mix 5.
  • thermal profiles 3, 4 which have in their thermal perforation 9 either the same or different size of thermal apertures 11.
  • the size of the thermal apertures 11 may be equal in all of the thermal profiles 3, 4. In this case the smallest dimension Wl of the thermal apertures must be smaller than the smallest outer dimension of the hollow particles of the thermal concrete 5.
  • the thermal profiles 3,4 forming the outermost side edges 16, 26 of the wall structure or wall component will not allow a fluid castable composite material 5 through but the material will remain within the area delimited by the frame members 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 4a, 4b forming the edges in the case of Figure 2 and within the area delimited by frame members 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b in the case of Figure 7A.
  • the thermal concrete mix 5 is to be distributed over the entire area of the wall structure or wall component in case all of the thermal profiles of the structure are of a type the width W3 of which is equal to the wall thickness D.
  • thermal profiles 3, 4 having a width W3 smaller than the wall thickness D such as profiles 3f according to Figures 1 and 2 are used inside the outermost side edges 16, 26, the fluid thermal concrete mix 5 will flow without hindrance, even when poured at one point, over the entire area of the wall structure or wall component.
  • the fluid thermal concrete mix 5 can flow through the thermal apertures 11 of the thermal profiles over the entire surface area of the wall structure or wall component.
  • the thermal profiles other than those forming the outermost side edges 16 and 26 must be either profiles having a width W3 smaller than the wall thickness D or profiles in which the smallest width Wl of the thermal apertures 11 is substantially smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the hollow particles of the thermal concrete. If it is possible to cast the fluid composite material 5 from several points to all possible spaces of the structure, the above limitations are, of course, not necessary. In any case, according to the invention the thermal profiles 3, 4 forming the outermost side edges 16 and 26 must be of a type in which the smallest width Wl of the thermal apertures 11 is substantially smaller than the smallest outer diameter of the hollow particles of the thermal concrete.
  • a joint structure 30 according to the invention is used; it is shown schematically in Figure 3 and one preferred em- bodiment of it is shown in greater detail in Figure 6.
  • This joint structure 30 comprises, first, in the orientation of the thickness D of the structure sections or wall components, a sealing strip 31 at least between the side edges 16 of adjacent structure sections or components 10a and 10b, the sealing strip extending in the orientation of the thickness D at least across the area of the thermal perforation 9 of the thermal profiles. This thus means that the sealing strip 31 covers the thermal apertures 11 of both of the thermal profiles 3, 4 coming against each other.
  • the stiffener grooves 13 of the thermal profiles coming against each other are used for keeping the sealing strip 31 in place.
  • This additional function is effected, for example, so that the sealing strip 31 has a widen- ing 37 corresponding to the grooves 13, this widening preventing the sealing strip 31 from moving in the direction of the thickness D.
  • a guide strip 33 which locks the adjacent wall structure sections or wall components 10a and 10b into alignment.
  • stiffener folds 13. 14 may have a desired cross-sectional shape, usually notch-like and in this case either curved or angular.
  • the warm side of the wall structure is indicated by (+), and this outer surface 2, towards the interior of the building, of a wall structure or wall component is in this case clad with a gypsum board 35.
  • the other outer surface 1 of the wall structure or wall component according to the invention is surface treated first with an attenuating bonding agent 32 and, on top of this, a thermal insulation board 34. On top of the latter there is a rendering coat 36 reinforced with a metal or plastic netting.
  • This side, coming on the cold side of the wall is indicated by (-). It is clear that any other suitable or desired surface treatment may be used instead of the boards on either one of the outer surfaces 1 and/or 2.
  • the plate-like wall component 10 according to the invention can be fabricated either by the method depicted in Figures 7A-7B or by the method depicted in Figures 8A- 8B, although the method depicted in Figures 7A and 7B is, according to the current conception, often preferable, especially in the prefabrication of wall components.
  • the method depicted in Figures 8A and 8B it is possible to fabricate advantageously, on site in its final position, a plate-like wall structure according to the invention, or a section thereof.
  • one casting form surface 20 corresponding to the plate orientation P or parallel to the planarity P of the component and having the size of at least one outer surface 1 or 2 of the component, the form surface being typically made up of one surface 20 of a suitable form piece 22.
  • at least loadbearing frame members 3a, 3b, 3c, etc. are placed against this casting form surface 20, and, when necessary, frame members 4a, 4b, etc., the frame members being made up of thermal profiles 3, 4 according to the invention.
  • At least one flange 7a or 7b of each of these thermal profiles 3, 4 is placed against this casting form surface 20, whereupon the webs 6 of thermal profiles 3, 4 will be at least in the main in the orientation of the intended wall thickness D.
  • Figures 7A and 7B depict one preferred method according to the invention for the fabrication of a plate-like wall component.
  • only one casting form surface 20, mentioned above is used.
  • a sheet metal profile 3a...3d, etc., and 4a...4d, etc., corresponding to and forming each free side edge 16 and 26 of the component is placed against this casting form surface 20 in such a manner that one flange of each of these profiles, either flange 7a or, according to the figure, flange 7b, settles against this casting form surface 20. Thereafter, care is taken that the casting form surface 20 is substantially horizontal, regardless of the position, described above, of the casting form surface at the placement step of the sheet metal profiles 3,4.
  • the webs 6 of the thermal profiles 3, 4 are substantially vertical.
  • thermal profiles 3, 4 of any type described above, for example thermal profiles 3f and/or 3e and/or 3g.
  • the fluid composite material 5 forming the thermal insulation is cast between the sheet metal profiles 3a-3d, 4a-4d situated at the free edges 16, 26 of the plate-like wall component 10 in the case of the structure of Figure 2, or between the sheet metal profiles 3a-3b and 4a-4b in the case of the structure of Figure 7 A.
  • This casting depicted in Figures 7 A and 7B is carried out either at one point or at several points of the area delimited by the thermal profiles 3, 4 at the side edges 16, 26, depending on the types of the intermediate profiles 3e, 3f and 3g and on the fluidity of the fluid thermal insulation material 5. Thereafter, the thermally insulating composite material 5 is allowed to harden, whereupon a stiff thermal insulation material is formed. This cast and hardened composite material 15, of course, is bonded to the thermal profiles 3, 4, in particular under the effect of the thermal apertures 11 in them.
  • This casting form surface 20 has the size of at least one outer surface 1 or 2 of the component to be cast, but it may be even clearly larger, as can be understood on the basis of Figure 7A.
  • the fluid thermal insulation material 5 is in this case cast so that the upper level, not indicated in the figures, of the fluid material 5 settles at maximum at the level 2 of the upwardly oriented flanges 7a of the sheet metal profiles at the side edges 16, 26 of the component.
  • the thermal insulation material has hardened to a thermally insulating composite material 15
  • the upper surface of this material is at the same level as the flanges 7a of the thermal profiles 3,4. whereby the other outer surface 2 of the component is formed.
  • the fluid thermal insulation material shrinks upon hardening, it is sensible to cast it to a slightly higher level, whereupon the upper surface of the hardened thermally insulating composite material 15 will be at the same level as the flanges 7a, forming the second surface 2 of the component.
  • two smooth surfaces 1 and 2 are obtained for the wall component 10, one by means of the casting form surface 20 and the other by means of an open upper part freely settled at a level.
  • the casting form surface 20 is detached from the formed wall component 10.
  • the wall component can then be transported or transferred to the installation site.
  • One and the same casting form surface 20 can then be used for casting more new components.
  • the casting form surface is a normal form surface which adheres as little as possible to the thermal insulation material 5, 15 cast.
  • the casting of the upper surface may also be left lower than the upwardly oriented flanges 7a, in which case the remainder of the wall thickness D can be used for some other purpose or be filled with some other material. It is also most expedient to keep the casting form surface 20 horizontal also during the placing step of the frame members and all other thermal profiles 3, 4, in which case it is not necessary to move the form plate 22 forming the casting form surface 22. In this embodiment, thermal profiles are placed in all of the free side edges 16, 26.
  • the casting form surface 20 is preferably of a type which will not adhere, at least not firmly, to any of the materials cast, so that the casting form surface 20 can be detached easily and reliably after the hardening of the cast- ings. It is, of course, possible to use a mix which tends to adhere to the form surface, as long as there is, between this mix and the casting form surface, a layer of a material, such as the hardening thermal insulation material 5 according to the invention, which will not adhere to the casting form surface 20. In this case, however, it is necessary to observe sufficient caution so that there will be no difficulties encountered in the detaching of the casting form surface.
  • FIGS 8A and 8B can also be used for prefabricating wall components, but typically it is used for fabricating a wall structure or a section thereof on site.
  • the thermal profile 4b for the upper edge of the structure may be installed either before the casting of the fluid thermal insulation material 5 or only after its casting but before its hardening.
  • the frame members 3a, 3b, 3c, etc., 4c, 4d, etc. are examples of the frame members 3a, 3b, 3c, etc., 4c, 4d, etc..
  • this casting form surface 20 is also made up of a form piece 22.
  • the casting mold surface 20 must be in size at least equal to an outer surface 1 or 2 of the wall structure, or a section thereof, being fabricated, as can be seen in Figures 8 A and 8B.
  • the sheet metal profiles 3 intended for the vertical side edges 16. 26, are to be positioned so that a flange 7a or 7b of each of these profiles comes against this casting form surface.
  • Figures 8 A and 8B depict the situation in which the upwardly facing side edge 16 has a special-type thermal profile 4b, which contains sufficiently large gates 19 for the casting of a fluid and hardening composite material 5.
  • Figures 8 A and 8B thus depict a casting situation in which there are, pressed between two casting form surfaces 20 and 21, thermal profiles 3, 4, which form both upright frame members 3 a, 3b, etc., and a lower edge frame member 4a and an upper edge frame member 4b, in which case all the thermal profiles except the upper edge profile 4b are of the ordinary type depicted in Figures 4A-4F and 5, having in their webs only thermal apertures of the size described above, whereas the thermal profile 4b of the upper edge additionally contains casting gates 19 or at least one casting gate.
  • the flanges 7a and 7b of at least the thermal frame members at the edges 16, 26 are pressed against the casting form surfaces 20, 21, whereby a casting form tight at its edges is produced for the fluid composite material 5.
  • the casting form surfaces are arranged to be vertical or nearly vertical, although the placing of the thermal profiles can be carried out in any position suitable in the given case.
  • the fluid thermal insulation material 5 is cast, for example, through the gates 19 shown in Figures 8 A and 8B, until the volume of the wall structure, or a section thereof, delimited by the thermal profiles at the edges 16, 26, has been filled with a thermal concrete mix of the type described above. Thereafter this thermally insulating composite material 5 is allowed to harden to a thermally insulating ther- mal concrete 15.
  • the other alternative is to leave the thermal profile 4b of the upper edge first uninstalled, to cast first the thermal insulation material 5 via the free upper edge, and thereafter to fit a thermal profile 4b of the conventional type, i.e. without gates 19, at the correct point of the wall structure or its section before the composite material 5 hardens to thermal concrete 15.
  • the casting form surfaces 20 and 21 are detached from the formed wall component, wall structure or its section 10. A wall structure or its section thus remains on this casting and installation site, whereas a prefabricated component can be transported elsewhere.
  • the same casting form sur- faces 20 and 21 can thereafter be used for casting more new components.
  • both of the casting form surfaces are normal form surfaces having as minimal as possible adhesion to the cast thermal insulation material 5, 15.
  • it is most expedient to fasten any intersecting profiles in some suitable manner for example, self-tapping screws or pop rivets 29 or in some other suitable manner. This will prevent any unintended shifting of the thermal profiles 3, 4 during the casting of the composite material 5.
  • thermal profiles other than those at the side edges can be fastened either one to another or to thermal profiles at the edges.
  • the compression between the casting form surfaces 21 and 20 will hold the profiles in place, but even in this case it may be advantageous to use fastening 29 in order to ensure precision of the final dimensions and the strength.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure ou un élément de mur en forme de plaque comprenant: des surfaces extérieures (1, 2) et, situés entre elles, des éléments d'ossature porteuse formés de profilés en tôle (3, 4), les éléments d'ossature comportant des rebords (7a, 7b) et, les reliant, une âme (6) s'étendant dans la direction de l'épaisseur de la structure ou de l'élément; une matière composite d'isolation thermique (15) dans laquelle le principal agent de liaison est un mélange inorganique à durcissement hydraulique remplissant les espaces entre les profilés métalliques auxquels il est lié. Chaque élément d'ossature de la structure ou élément de mur consiste en un profilé thermique (3, 4) dont l'âme et les rebords sont formés d'une pièce métallique courbée et qui comprend dans l'âme, une perforation thermique (9) qui réduit la conduction de la chaleur. Tous ces bords latéraux (16, 26) de la structure ou élément de mur (10) qui sont transversaux à la direction de la plaque (P) sont formés à partir des profilés thermiques, et la matière composite d'isolation thermique (15) est un béton thermique dont le granulat est principalement formé de particules creuses.
PCT/FI1998/000317 1997-04-10 1998-04-09 Mur thermique et procede de fabrication du mur WO1998045545A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98913784A EP1007801A1 (fr) 1997-04-10 1998-04-09 Mur thermique et procede de fabrication du mur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI971500 1997-04-10
FI971500A FI108306B (fi) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Termoseinä

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998045545A1 true WO1998045545A1 (fr) 1998-10-15

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PCT/FI1998/000317 WO1998045545A1 (fr) 1997-04-10 1998-04-09 Mur thermique et procede de fabrication du mur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1007801A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI108306B (fr)
WO (1) WO1998045545A1 (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10050314A1 (de) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-11 Hans Viesmann Wandbauelement
WO2003031747A1 (fr) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Oy Shippax Ltd Panneau mural d'isolation thermique et systeme de joint associe
EP1312725A1 (fr) 2001-11-19 2003-05-21 Rautaruukki OYJ Panneau pour mur exterieur et mur exterieur
WO2005042863A1 (fr) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-12 Precisionwall Holdings Pty Ltd Module de coffrage pour construction utilise dans un systeme modulaire de coffrage de beton
EP1826329A1 (fr) * 2006-02-22 2007-08-29 Rockwool International A/S Système de parois isolant
WO2010111945A1 (fr) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 广州拜尔冷链聚氨酯科技有限公司 Structure de paroi de stockage réfrigéré de grande taille et procédé de construction associé
WO2012050535A1 (fr) 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Cbs Inštitut, Celovite Gradbene Rešitve, D.O.O. Panneau de construction servant de structure réalisée par une plaque externe et une plaque interne comportant un espace d'isolation intermédiaire
EP2467542A1 (fr) * 2009-08-20 2012-06-27 James Hardie Technology Limited Systeme de construction
CN104314228A (zh) * 2014-10-27 2015-01-28 沈阳建筑大学 轻质金属夹芯板及其加工方法
US8973329B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2015-03-10 James Hardie Technology Limited Building system with multi-function insulation barrier
WO2016001580A1 (fr) 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 Groupe Bacacier Écarteur a rupture de pont thermique pour dispositif de construction, son utilisation et dispositif de construction correspondant
WO2016001585A1 (fr) 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 Groupe Bacacier Ecarteur a rupture de pont thermique comportant des embossages de renfort, son utilisation et dispositif de construction correspondant
CN106013592A (zh) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-12 安徽汇力建筑工程有限公司 一种高强度墙板用复合结构基材
US20180223526A1 (en) * 2017-02-08 2018-08-09 Ervin Schillinger Fast Construction of Energy-Efficient Buildings
CN108756025A (zh) * 2018-05-17 2018-11-06 张栋 一种现浇轻混凝土骨架组装墙体及其施工方法
WO2021121534A1 (fr) * 2019-12-16 2021-06-24 Knauf Gips Kg Cloison sèche, kit et procédé de construction d'une cloison sèche

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US2762472A (en) * 1952-02-08 1956-09-11 Pittsburgh Des Moines Company Hollow sheet metal panels and method of making the sections from which such panels are made
US2934934A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-05-03 Henry A Berliner Construction panel
US4638615A (en) * 1985-10-17 1987-01-27 Taylor Lawrence H Metallic structural member particularly for support of walls and floors of buildings
US4713921A (en) * 1986-06-03 1987-12-22 Minialoff Gerrard O Stud for walls

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2762472A (en) * 1952-02-08 1956-09-11 Pittsburgh Des Moines Company Hollow sheet metal panels and method of making the sections from which such panels are made
US2934934A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-05-03 Henry A Berliner Construction panel
US4638615A (en) * 1985-10-17 1987-01-27 Taylor Lawrence H Metallic structural member particularly for support of walls and floors of buildings
US4713921A (en) * 1986-06-03 1987-12-22 Minialoff Gerrard O Stud for walls

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10050314A1 (de) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-11 Hans Viesmann Wandbauelement
WO2003031747A1 (fr) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Oy Shippax Ltd Panneau mural d'isolation thermique et systeme de joint associe
EP1312725A1 (fr) 2001-11-19 2003-05-21 Rautaruukki OYJ Panneau pour mur exterieur et mur exterieur
WO2005042863A1 (fr) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-12 Precisionwall Holdings Pty Ltd Module de coffrage pour construction utilise dans un systeme modulaire de coffrage de beton
EP1826329A1 (fr) * 2006-02-22 2007-08-29 Rockwool International A/S Système de parois isolant
WO2007095948A1 (fr) 2006-02-22 2007-08-30 Rockwool International A/S Systeme d'isolation comprenant des panneaux isolants interconnectes places contre un mur
EA013769B1 (ru) * 2006-02-22 2010-06-30 Роквул Интернэшнл А/С Изолирующая система, содержащая соединенные между собой изолирующие панели, расположенные напротив стены
WO2010111945A1 (fr) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 广州拜尔冷链聚氨酯科技有限公司 Structure de paroi de stockage réfrigéré de grande taille et procédé de construction associé
US8973329B2 (en) 2009-08-20 2015-03-10 James Hardie Technology Limited Building system with multi-function insulation barrier
EP2467542A4 (fr) * 2009-08-20 2014-09-03 Hardie James Technology Ltd Systeme de construction
EP2467542A1 (fr) * 2009-08-20 2012-06-27 James Hardie Technology Limited Systeme de construction
WO2012050535A1 (fr) 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Cbs Inštitut, Celovite Gradbene Rešitve, D.O.O. Panneau de construction servant de structure réalisée par une plaque externe et une plaque interne comportant un espace d'isolation intermédiaire
FR3023310A1 (fr) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-08 Groupe Bacacier Ecarteur a rupture de pont thermique pour dispositif de construction, son utilisation et dispositif de construction correspondant
WO2016001580A1 (fr) 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 Groupe Bacacier Écarteur a rupture de pont thermique pour dispositif de construction, son utilisation et dispositif de construction correspondant
WO2016001585A1 (fr) 2014-07-03 2016-01-07 Groupe Bacacier Ecarteur a rupture de pont thermique comportant des embossages de renfort, son utilisation et dispositif de construction correspondant
FR3023311A1 (fr) * 2014-07-03 2016-01-08 Groupe Bacacier Ecarteur a rupture de pont thermique comportant des embossages de renfort, son utilisation et dispositif de construction correspondant
CN104314228B (zh) * 2014-10-27 2016-07-20 沈阳建筑大学 轻质金属夹芯板及其加工方法
CN104314228A (zh) * 2014-10-27 2015-01-28 沈阳建筑大学 轻质金属夹芯板及其加工方法
CN106013592A (zh) * 2016-06-08 2016-10-12 安徽汇力建筑工程有限公司 一种高强度墙板用复合结构基材
CN106013592B (zh) * 2016-06-08 2018-05-01 安徽汇力建筑工程有限公司 一种高强度墙板用复合结构基材
US20180223526A1 (en) * 2017-02-08 2018-08-09 Ervin Schillinger Fast Construction of Energy-Efficient Buildings
US10132077B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2018-11-20 Ervin Schillinger Fast construction of energy-efficient buildings
EP3580396A4 (fr) * 2017-02-08 2020-11-11 Schillinger, Ervin Construction rapide de bâtiments écoénergétiques
CN108756025A (zh) * 2018-05-17 2018-11-06 张栋 一种现浇轻混凝土骨架组装墙体及其施工方法
CN108756025B (zh) * 2018-05-17 2021-02-09 张栋 一种现浇轻混凝土骨架组装墙体及其施工方法
WO2021121534A1 (fr) * 2019-12-16 2021-06-24 Knauf Gips Kg Cloison sèche, kit et procédé de construction d'une cloison sèche

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI971500A (fi) 1998-10-11
FI971500A0 (fi) 1997-04-10
FI108306B (fi) 2001-12-31
EP1007801A1 (fr) 2000-06-14

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