WO2012046414A1 - 光取り込みシートおよびロッド、ならびに、それらを用いた受光装置および発光装置 - Google Patents
光取り込みシートおよびロッド、ならびに、それらを用いた受光装置および発光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012046414A1 WO2012046414A1 PCT/JP2011/005472 JP2011005472W WO2012046414A1 WO 2012046414 A1 WO2012046414 A1 WO 2012046414A1 JP 2011005472 W JP2011005472 W JP 2011005472W WO 2012046414 A1 WO2012046414 A1 WO 2012046414A1
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- light
- sheet
- main surface
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- optical coupling
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0028—Light guide, e.g. taper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0058—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light capturing sheet and a rod that capture light using diffraction, and a light receiving device and a light emitting device using the same.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is explanatory views showing the principle of the grating coupling method, and show a cross-sectional view and a plan view of the light-transmitting layer 20 having a linear grating with a pitch ⁇ on the surface.
- FIG. 32A when a light 23a having a specific incident angle ⁇ and a wavelength ⁇ is incident on the grating, the light can be coupled to the waveguide light 23B propagating through the light transmitting layer 20.
- FIG. 32C shows a vector diagram of light incident on the grating provided in the light transmissive layer 20.
- circles 21 and 22 are centered on the point O, the radius of the circle 21 is equal to the refractive index n 0 of the environmental medium 1 surrounding the translucent layer 20, and the radius of the circle 22 is equivalent to the waveguide light 23B. It is equal to the refractive index n eff .
- the equivalent refractive index n eff is dependent on the thickness of the transparent layer 20, it takes a specific value between the refractive index n 0 of the environmental medium 1 to the refractive index n 1 of the light transmitting layer 20 according to the guided mode .
- FIG. 32D shows the relationship between the effective film thickness t eff and the equivalent refractive index n eff in the case where light propagates through the translucent layer 20 in the TE mode.
- the effective film thickness is the film thickness itself of the light transmitting layer 20 when there is no grating, and is the film thickness of the light transmitting layer 20 plus the average height of the grating when there is a grating. is there.
- the guided light to be excited has modes such as 0th order, 1st order, and 2nd order, and their characteristic curves are different as shown in FIG.
- a point P is a point drawn from the point O along the incident angle ⁇ and intersects the circle 21
- a point P ′ is a perpendicular foot of the point P to the x-axis, points Q, Q 'Is the intersection of the circle 22 and the x-axis.
- the light coupling condition in the x-axis positive direction is that the length of P′Q is equal to an integral multiple of ⁇ / ⁇
- the light coupling condition in the negative direction is an integer in which the length of P′Q ′ is ⁇ / ⁇ . Expressed by being equal to double.
- Equation (1) the light coupling condition is expressed by the equation (1).
- q is a diffraction order represented by an integer.
- the substantial pitch of the grating of the light transmitting layer 20 with respect to the light 23aa incident on the light transmitting layer 20 at an azimuth angle ⁇ shifted from the incident direction of the light 23a by the angle ⁇ is ⁇ / cos ⁇ .
- the light 23a incident in a different direction can satisfy the light coupling condition even at an incident angle ⁇ and a wavelength different from the condition defined by the expression (1). That is, in the case where the change in the direction of light incident on the light transmitting layer 20 is allowed, the light coupling condition expressed by the equation (1) becomes wide to some extent.
- the incident light cannot be coupled to the guided light 23B in a wide wavelength range and all incident angles.
- the guided light 23B radiates light 23b 'in the same direction as the reflected light with respect to the incident light 23a while propagating through the grating region. For this reason, even if it is incident at a position far from the end 20a of the grating and can propagate through the light transmitting layer 20 as the guided light 23B, it is attenuated when it reaches the end 20a of the grating. Therefore, only the light 23a incident at a position close to the end portion 20a of the grating can propagate through the light transmitting layer 20 as the guided light 23B without being attenuated by radiation. In other words, since much light is coupled, even if the area of the grating is increased, it is not possible to propagate all of the light incident on the grating as the guided light 23B.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and its object is to provide a light capturing sheet and a rod capable of capturing light in a wide wavelength range from a wide area at a wide incident angle. Is to provide. Moreover, it is providing the light-receiving device and light-emitting device using them.
- the light capturing sheet of the present invention includes a translucent sheet having first and second main surfaces, and first and second distances from the first and second main surfaces in the translucent sheet, respectively.
- the first and second light-transmitting layers have a refractive index smaller than that of the light-transmitting sheet, and the third light-transmitting layer has a refractive index of the first and second light-transmitting layers.
- the third light-transmitting layer has a diffraction grating parallel to the first and second main surfaces of the light-transmitting sheet.
- the light intake rod of the present invention is disposed in a main surface and a translucent rod having a circular or elliptical cross section, and in the translucent rod, and separated from the main surface by a first distance or more.
- Each of the plurality of light coupling structures includes a first light transmissive layer, a second light transmissive layer, and a third light transmissive layer sandwiched between the first light transmissive layer and the third light transmissive layer.
- the refractive index of the 1st and 2nd translucent layer is smaller than the refractive index of the said translucent rod, and the refractive index of the said 3rd translucent layer is larger than the refractive index of the said 1st and 2nd translucent layer.
- the third light transmissive layer has a diffraction grating parallel to the central axis of the light transmissive rod.
- the light-receiving device of the present invention includes the light capturing sheet, the concavo-convex structure or prism sheet provided on the first main surface or the second main surface of the light capturing sheet, and the concavo-convex structure or prism sheet.
- a photoelectric conversion unit that receives light to be transmitted.
- the light-emitting device of the present invention includes the light capturing rod and at least one light source disposed adjacent to the first main surface of the translucent rod.
- the light incident on the light transmitting sheet and the light transmitting rod is incident on the light coupling structure disposed therein, and the third light transmitting layer in the light coupling structure
- the light is converted into light propagating in the direction along the third light-transmitting layer by the diffraction grating, and is emitted from the end face of the optical coupling structure.
- the light coupling structure is in a positional relationship parallel to the surface of the translucent sheet or the central axis of the rod, and the surface of the light coupling structure is covered with an environmental medium having a low refractive index such as air.
- the total reflection is repeated between the surface of the sheet, the surface of the light transmitting rod, and the surface of the other light coupling structure, and is confined in the light transmitting sheet or the light transmitting rod. Since various pitches and orientations are included in the diffraction grating, light can be captured at all incident angles over a wide region, a wide wavelength range, for example, the entire visible light region.
- (A) is typical sectional drawing which shows 1st Embodiment of the light capturing sheet by this invention
- (b) is a top view which shows the position of the 4th area
- (A) And (b) is typical sectional drawing and top view which show the optical coupling structure of 1st Embodiment
- (c) is a cross section which shows the mode of the light which injects into the end surface of an optical coupling structure
- (D) is sectional drawing which shows the mode of the light which injects into the optical coupling structure which extracted the translucent layer 3c
- (e) is sectional drawing which shows the other structural example of an optical coupling structure. is there.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show the results of analysis performed using the structure shown in FIG. 3, wherein FIGS. 3A to 3C show the relationship between the incident angle of light and the transmittance to the outside of the sheet, and FIG. The relationship between groove depth and the light extraction efficiency out of a sheet
- FIGS. 4A to 4E show light intensity distribution diagrams of a sheet cross section under the conditions indicated by the arrows in FIGS. In the structure shown in FIG.
- the refractive index of the first light-transmitting layer 3a and the second light-transmitting layer 3b is matched with the refractive index of the light-transmitting sheet, and the refractive index of the third light-transmitting layer 3c is 2.0.
- (A) to (c) show the relationship between the incident angle and the transmittance to the outside of the sheet, and (d) shows the groove depth of the diffraction grating and the light to the outside of the sheet. The relationship with extraction efficiency is shown.
- (A) to (e) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing procedure of the light capturing sheet of the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show analysis results performed using the structure shown in FIG. 10, where FIGS. 10A to 10C show the relationship between the incident angle and the transmittance to the outside of the sheet, and FIG. 10D shows the groove depth of the diffraction grating. And the light extraction efficiency out of the sheet.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show analysis results performed using the structure shown in FIG. 10, where FIGS. 10A to 10C show the relationship between the incident angle and the transmittance to the outside of the sheet, and FIG. 10D shows the groove depth of the diffraction grating. And the light extraction efficiency out of the sheet.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show analysis results performed using the structure shown in FIG. 10, where FIGS. 10A to 10C show the relationship between the incident angle and the transmittance to the outside of the sheet, and FIG. 10D shows the groove depth of the diffraction grating. And the light extraction efficiency out of the sheet.
- 3 and 10 are analysis results obtained by shifting the position of the light source by 5 ⁇ m in the negative x-axis direction, and (a) to (c) are end faces of a single optical coupling structure. The relationship between the incident angle of the light to and the transmittance to the outside of the sheet is shown.
- (A) to (e) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing procedure of the light capturing sheet of the second embodiment.
- (A) And (b) is typical sectional drawing and a top view which show the optical coupling structure used in 3rd Embodiment of the light capturing sheet by this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure used for the analysis of the light capturing sheet of 3rd Embodiment.
- FIGS. 3 and 15 show analysis results obtained by shifting the position of the light source by 5 ⁇ m in the negative x-axis direction, and (a) to (c) are end faces of a single optical coupling structure. The relationship between the incident angle of the light to and the transmittance to the outside of the sheet is shown.
- (A) to (f) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the manufacturing procedure of the light capturing sheet of the third embodiment.
- (A) And (b) is a typical top view which shows the surface pattern of the metal mold
- FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram illustrating a manufacturing procedure of the light capturing rod illustrated in FIG. 27. It is typical sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of the light-emitting device by this invention.
- FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state of incidence of light in a cross section of the light capturing rod of the light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 29. It is typical sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of the light-emitting device by this invention.
- (A) And (b) is sectional drawing and a top view of the linear grating for taking in light with a grating coupling
- (c) And (d) is a figure which shows the principle of a grating coupling
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light capturing sheet 51.
- the light capturing sheet 51 includes a light transmitting sheet 2 having a first main surface 2p and a second main surface 2q, and at least one light coupling structure 3 disposed in the light transmitting sheet 2.
- the translucent sheet 2 is made of a transparent material that transmits light having a desired wavelength or a desired wavelength range according to the application.
- it is made of a material that transmits visible light (wavelength: 0.4 ⁇ m or more and 0.7 ⁇ m or less).
- the thickness of the translucent sheet 2 is, for example, about 0.03 mm to 1 mm.
- the optical coupling structure 3 is equal to or more than the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 from the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q, respectively. It is arranged inside the space. Therefore, in the translucent sheet 2, the first main surface 2 p is in contact with the first region 2 a and the second main surface 2 q having the first distance d 1 in thickness, and the second distance d 2 is thick.
- the optical coupling structure 3 is not disposed in the second region 2b, and the optical coupling structure 3 is disposed in the third region 2c sandwiched between the first region 2a and the second region 2b. Has been.
- the light coupling structure 3 is arranged in a three-dimensional manner in the third region 2c of the translucent sheet 2.
- the optical coupling structure 3 is two-dimensionally arranged on a plane parallel to the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q, and a plurality of optical coupling structures 3 arranged in two dimensions are transparent.
- a plurality of light sheets 2 are stacked in the thickness direction.
- the optical coupling structure 3 is arranged at a predetermined density in the x and y axis directions (in-plane direction) and the z axis direction (thickness direction). For example, a density of for example, 10 to 103 per 1mm on the x-axis direction 10 to 103 per 1mm on the y-axis direction is 10 to 10 3 about per 1mm in the z-axis direction.
- a density of for example, 10 to 103 per 1mm on the x-axis direction 10 to 103 per 1mm on the y-axis direction is 10 to 10 3 about per 1mm in the z-axis direction.
- the arrangement density of the bonding structures 3 is independently uniform.
- the arrangement of the light coupling structures 3 in the translucent sheet 2 may not be uniform depending on the use and the distribution of light irradiated on the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q of the translucent sheet 2. It may have a predetermined distribution.
- the optical coupling structure 3 includes a first light-transmitting layer 3a, a second light-transmitting layer 3b, and a third light-transmitting layer 3c sandwiched between them.
- the third light transmissive layer 3c includes a diffraction grating 3d having a linear grating with a pitch ⁇ disposed on a reference plane.
- the linear grating of the diffraction grating 3d may be constituted by unevenness provided at the interface between the third light transmitting layer 3c and the first light transmitting layer 3a or the second light transmitting layer 3b.
- the optical coupling structure 3 is disposed in the light transmitting sheet 2 so that the diffraction grating 3d of the third light transmitting layer 3c is parallel to the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q of the light capturing sheet 51.
- the diffraction grating is parallel to the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q means that the reference plane on which the grating is disposed is the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q. Means parallel.
- the thicknesses of the first light transmissive layer 3a, the second light transmissive layer 3b, and the third light transmissive layer 3c are a, b, and t, respectively, and the steps of the linear diffraction grating of the third light transmissive layer 3c ( Depth) is d.
- the surface of the third translucent layer 3c is parallel to the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q of the translucent sheet 2, and the first translucent layer 3a and the second translucent layer 3b are Surfaces 3p and 3q located on the side opposite to the third light transmitting layer 3c are also parallel to the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q of the light transmitting sheet 2.
- the light capturing sheet 51 includes a plurality of light coupling structures 3 so that light of different wavelengths incident on the light capturing sheet can be captured, and in at least two of the plurality of light coupling structures.
- the extending directions of the diffraction grating 3d are preferably different from each other.
- a combination thereof may be used.
- the refractive index of the 1st translucent layer 3a and the 2nd translucent layer 3b is smaller than the refractive index of the translucent sheet 2, and the refractive index of the 3rd translucent layer 3c is the 1st translucent layer 3a and the 1st translucent layer. It is larger than the refractive index of the light transmissive layer 3b.
- the first light-transmitting layer 3a and the second light-transmitting layer 3b are air and the refractive index is 1.
- the third light transmissive layer 3c is made of the same medium as the light transmissive sheet 2 and has the same refractive index.
- the surfaces 3p and 3q of the first light transmitting layer 3a and the second light transmitting layer 3b of the optical coupling structure 3 are, for example, rectangles having lengths W and L as two sides, and W and L are 3 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m. It is as follows. That is, the surfaces of the first light transmitting layer 3a and the second light transmitting layer 3b of the optical coupling structure 3 have a size that circumscribes a circle having a diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. Moreover, the thickness (a + t + d + b) of the optical coupling structure 3 is 3 ⁇ m or less. As shown in FIG. 2B, in this embodiment, the surface (plane) of the optical coupling structure 3 has a rectangular shape, but has another shape, for example, a polygon, a circle, or an ellipse. Also good.
- the light capturing sheet 51 is used surrounded by an environmental medium.
- the light capturing sheet 51 is used in the air.
- the refractive index of the environmental medium is 1.
- the refractive index of the translucent sheet 2 is assumed to be ns .
- the light 4 from the environmental medium enters the translucent sheet 2 from the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q of the translucent sheet 2.
- an AR coat or a non-reflective nanostructure may be formed.
- the non-reflective nanostructure includes a fine concavo-convex structure whose pitch and height are 1/3 or less of the design wavelength, such as a moth-eye structure.
- the design wavelength is a wavelength of light used when designing each element so that the light capturing sheet 51 exhibits a predetermined function. In the non-reflective nanostructure, Fresnel reflection is reduced, but total reflection exists.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the propagation direction and the normal line of the light transmitting sheet 2 (lines perpendicular to the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q).
- the propagation angle is called a sin ⁇ ⁇ 1 / n s light critical angle within the light satisfying, sin ⁇ ⁇ 1 / n s optical light outside the critical angle satisfying.
- FIG. 1A when there is light 5a within the critical angle inside the light capturing sheet 51, a part thereof is converted into light 5b outside the critical angle by the optical coupling structure 3, and this light is converted into the first main light.
- the light 5c outside the critical angle stays inside the sheet after totally reflecting the surface 2p.
- the light coupling structure 3 is disposed in the third region 2c in the light transmitting sheet 2 as shown in FIG. It is preferable to provide one or more fourth regions 2h that are not present. That is, the optical coupling structure 3 is disposed only in the third region 2c excluding the fourth region 2h.
- the fourth region 2h connects the first region 2a and the second region 2b.
- the fourth region 2h extends from the first region 2a to the second region 2b or along the opposite direction, and the direction of an arbitrary straight line passing through the fourth region 2h is the refractive index of the translucent sheet. And an angle larger than the critical angle defined by the refractive index of the environmental medium around the translucent sheet. That is, the refractive index of the environment medium 1, if the refractive index of the translucent sheet 2 and n e, any straight lines extending direction 2hx penetrating the fourth region 2h makes with the normal line of the light-transmitting sheet 2 angle ⁇ 'is, sin ⁇ ' meets ⁇ 1 / n s.
- the straight line penetrating through the fourth region 2h means that the straight line passes through the surface of the fourth region 2h in contact with the first region 2a and the second region 2b of the fourth region 2h. .
- FIG. 1B is a plan view of the light capturing sheet 51 and shows the arrangement of the fourth region 2h.
- the fourth region 2 h is preferably provided in the translucent sheet 2. Since the fourth region 2h extends from the first region 2a to the second region 2b or in the opposite direction at an angle larger than the critical angle, the first region 2a and the second region of the translucent sheet 2 Of the light propagating through the region 2b, only light outside the critical angle can pass through the fourth region 2h and pass from the first region 2a to the second region 2b or vice versa. For this reason, the bias of the light distribution in the light capturing sheet 51 can be prevented.
- the light 5a within the critical angle is transmitted through the surface 3q of the second light transmitting layer 3b, and a part of the light 5a is within the third light transmitting layer 3c by the action of the diffraction grating 3d. Is converted into guided light 5B propagating through.
- the remaining light mainly passes through the optical coupling structure 3 as transmitted light or diffracted light 5a ′ within the critical angle, or becomes light 5r within the critical angle as reflected light. pass.
- the coupling to the guided light 5B is the same as the principle of the conventional grating coupling method.
- a part of the guided light 5B is emitted in the same direction as the light 5r within the critical angle until reaching the end face 3S of the third light transmitting layer 3c to become the light 5r 'within the critical angle, and the rest is guided.
- the light 5c is emitted from the end face 3S of the third light-transmitting layer 3c and is outside the critical angle.
- the light 6a outside the critical angle is totally reflected on the surface 3q of the second light transmitting layer 3b, and all of the light 6a becomes the light 6b outside the critical angle.
- the light outside the critical angle incident on the surface of the optical coupling structure 3 (the surface 3p of the first light-transmitting layer 3a and the surface 3q of the second light-transmitting layer 3b) is directly reflected as light outside the critical angle. A part of the light within the critical angle is converted to light outside the critical angle.
- the guided light 5B is all emitted before reaching the end face 3S. If it is too short, the coupling efficiency to the guided light 5B is not sufficient.
- the ease with which the guided light 5B is radiated is represented by a radiation loss coefficient ⁇ , and the intensity of the guided light 5B becomes exp ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ L) times as long as the propagation distance L. Assuming that the value of ⁇ is 10 (1 / mm), the light intensity is 0.8 times with 10 ⁇ m propagation.
- the radiation loss coefficient ⁇ is proportional to the square of d. Accordingly, the length of the diffraction grating 3d, that is, the length (dimensions W and L) of the third light transmitting layer 3c is determined by the radiation loss coefficient ⁇ and depends on the depth d of the diffraction grating 3d. If the depth d is adjusted to set the value of ⁇ in the range of 2 to 100 (1 / mm) and the attenuation ratio is 0.5, W and L are about 3 ⁇ m to 170 ⁇ m. For this reason, as described above, if W and L are 3 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, radiation loss can be suppressed by adjusting the depth d, and high coupling efficiency can be obtained.
- Table 1 shows whether light is coupled.
- the polarity of the incident angle ⁇ is related to the light coupling direction. Therefore, when ignoring the coupling direction of light and focusing only on the presence or absence of coupling, if the incident angle range can cover either 0 to 90 degrees or -90 to 0 degrees, coupling is performed for all incident angles. That's right. Therefore, it can be seen from Table 1 that 0.18 ⁇ m to 0.56 ⁇ m (0 degree to 90 degree) or 0.30 ⁇ m to 2.0 in order for light to be coupled for all visible light wavelengths and all incident angles. It can be seen that it is preferable to use the optical coupling structure 3 having the diffraction grating 3d having a pitch ⁇ of 80 ⁇ m ( ⁇ 90 degrees to 0 degrees) in combination.
- the pitch of the diffraction grating 3d may be approximately 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- the pitch of the diffraction grating 3d with respect to the light 5a within the critical angle incident in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the diffraction grating 3d extends is ⁇ , but incident at an azimuth angle ⁇ .
- the effective pitch of the diffraction grating 3d with respect to the light 5aa is ⁇ / cos ⁇ . For example, when the incident azimuth angle ⁇ of the light 5aa is 0 to 87 degrees, the effective pitch is ⁇ to 19 ⁇ .
- both the pitch of the diffraction grating 3d and the extending direction of the diffraction grating 3d may be different.
- the light incident on the end face 3r of the optical coupling structure 3 is reflected by the end face 3r, diffracted by the end face 3r, or transmitted through the end face 3r and refracted by the end face 3r.
- a case where the light is guided through the third light-transmitting layer 3c is considered.
- light 6a outside the critical angle incident on the end faces of the first light transmitting layer 3a and the second light transmitting layer 3b and transmitted therethrough is refracted to become light 6a 'within the critical angle.
- a part of the light 6A incident on the end face of the third light transmitting layer 3c and transmitted therethrough is converted into the guided light 6B propagating in the third light transmitting layer 3c.
- FIG. 2D shows the third light-transmitting layer 3c extracted from the optical coupling structure 3, and the space after the extraction is filled with the same air as the first light-transmitting layer 3a and the second light-transmitting layer 3b.
- the optical path is shown.
- the behavior is complicated, and even if light outside the critical angle is incident on the end face, it is not always emitted as light outside the critical angle.
- the surface size (W, L) is sufficiently larger (for example, four times or more) than the end surface size (a + t + d + b), the influence on the end surface is sufficiently reduced, and light on the surfaces 3p, 3q is reduced.
- the transmission or reflection of light can be regarded as the light transmission or reflection behavior in the entire optical coupling structure 3.
- the optical coupling structure 3 holds the light outside the critical angle as the light outside the critical angle, while exhibiting the function of irreversibly converting the light within the critical angle to the light outside the critical angle. Is sufficiently set, all the light incident on the light capturing sheet 51 can be converted into light outside the critical angle (that is, light confined in the sheet).
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional structure of the light capturing sheet used in the analysis for confirming the effect of light confinement in the light capturing sheet 51.
- a light capturing sheet including one light coupling structure was used.
- a light source S (indicated by a broken line) having a width of 5 ⁇ m is set in parallel to a position of 1.7 ⁇ m from the second main surface 2q of the translucent sheet 2, and a distance of 0.5 ⁇ m is set above it.
- the second light-transmitting layer 3b having a width of 6 ⁇ m was arranged in parallel, and the third light-transmitting layer 3c and the first light-transmitting layer 3a having the same width were arranged thereon.
- seat 2 exists in the position of 2.5 micrometers from the surface of the 1st translucent layer 3a.
- a polarized plane wave having an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the paper surface is emitted from the light source S in an orientation that forms an angle ⁇ with respect to the normal line of the second main surface 2q, and the center of the incident light is the second light transmitting layer.
- the positions of the first light-transmitting layer 3a, the second light-transmitting layer 3b, and the third light-transmitting layer 3c were shifted laterally according to the angle ⁇ so as to transmit the center of the surface of 3b.
- the thickness a of the first light transmitting layer 3a is 0.3 ⁇ m
- the thickness c of the second light transmitting layer 3b is 0.3 ⁇ m
- the thickness t of the third light transmitting layer 3c is 0.4 ⁇ m
- the depth d of the diffraction grating was 0.18 ⁇ m
- the pitch ⁇ of the diffraction grating was 0.36 ⁇ m.
- the refractive index of the translucent sheet 2 and the third translucent layer 3c was 1.5
- the refractive index of the environmental medium, the first translucent layer 3a and the second translucent layer 3b was 1.0.
- 4A shows the calculation result when the wavelength ⁇ of the light source is 0.45 ⁇ m
- FIG. 4B shows the calculation result when the wavelength ⁇ is 0.55 ⁇ m
- FIG. 4C shows the calculation result when the wavelength ⁇ is 0.65 ⁇ m. Show.
- the results are also plotted under conditions where the optical coupling structure 3 is not present (configuration consisting of only the translucent sheet 2 and the light source S).
- the former is within a critical angle (41.8 degrees) than the latter.
- the transmittance decreases in the range, and both become almost zero at higher angles.
- the transmittance in the former is reduced within the critical angle because the light incident on the surface 3q of the second light transmissive layer 3b is refracted, and a part of the light is refracted. This is because the light is emitted from the end face 3s as light outside the critical angle.
- the former case as described with reference to FIGS.
- the structure in the case of d 0 has conversion to light outside the critical angle, while conversion to light within the critical angle also has a small effect of confining light as a whole.
- FIG. 4D shows a standard value (value divided by 90) obtained by integrating the curves of FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C with respect to the incident angle ⁇ , and the diffraction grating depth d as a parameter. Is shown. Since the analytical model is two-dimensional, this integrated value is equal to the efficiency with which the light in the light confining sheet is extracted out of the sheet.
- FIG. 5 shows a light intensity distribution diagram in the light capturing sheet under the conditions indicated by arrows a, b, c, d, and e in FIG.
- the third light transmissive layer 3c functions as a waveguide layer, and the incident light is coupled to the guided light propagating through the third light transmissive layer 3c by the action of the diffraction grating.
- the light transmitting layer 3c is radiated into the light transmitting sheet 2 from the end faces 3r and 3s. This emitted light is light outside the critical angle, and is totally reflected by the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q of the translucent sheet 2 and confined in the translucent sheet 2.
- the incident light is coupled to the guided light propagating through the third light-transmitting layer 3c by the action of the diffraction grating.
- This emitted light is light outside the critical angle, and is totally reflected by the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q of the translucent sheet 2 and confined in the translucent sheet 2.
- the emitted light is divided into two parts, and the combined light is first-order mode guided light whose phase is inverted above and below the cross section of the waveguide layer.
- the radiated light is in a collective state, and the combined light is 0th-order mode guided light.
- FIG. 6 shows that the refractive index of the first light transmitting layer 3a and the second light transmitting layer 3b in the structure shown in FIG. 3 is the same as the refractive index of the light transmitting sheet 2, and the refractive index of the third light transmitting layer 3c.
- the analysis result when changing to 2.0 is shown. Other conditions are the same as the conditions when the analysis result shown in FIG. 4 is obtained.
- the optical coupling structure 3 in order for the third light transmissive layer 3c to be a light guide layer, the refractive index thereof is higher than the refractive indexes of the first light transmissive layer 3a and the second light transmissive layer 3b.
- the refractive index of the first light transmitting layer 3a and the second light transmitting layer 3b is smaller than the refractive index of the light transmitting sheet 2. It turns out that it is preferable.
- the refractive index of the first light transmitting layer 3a and the second light transmitting layer 3b and the refraction of the light transmitting sheet are preferable. It is preferable that the difference in rate is large.
- the refractive index of the first light transmitting layer 3a and the second light transmitting layer 3b is preferably 1.
- the light capturing sheet of the present embodiment As described above, according to the light capturing sheet of the present embodiment, light incident on the first main surface and the second main surface of the light transmitting sheet at various angles becomes light within a critical angle. Is incident on the optical coupling structure disposed therein, and part of the light is converted into guided light propagating in the third light-transmitting layer by the diffraction grating in the optical coupling structure, and is emitted from the end face of the optical coupling structure. It becomes light outside the critical angle. Since the pitch of the diffraction grating is different depending on the optical coupling structure or the orientation of the diffraction grating is different, this conversion is performed over all orientations, a wide wavelength range, for example, the entire visible light range.
- the length of the diffraction grating is short, the radiation loss of guided light can be reduced. Therefore, all the light within the critical angle existing in the translucent sheet is converted into light outside the critical angle by the plurality of optical coupling structures. Since the refractive index of the first and second transmission layers of the optical coupling structure is smaller than the refractive index of the transparent sheet, light outside the critical angle is totally reflected on the surface of the optical coupling structure, and this light is reflected by other optical coupling structures. The total reflection is repeated between the surface and the surface of the translucent sheet, and is confined in the translucent sheet. In this way, the optical coupling structure irreversibly converts light within the critical angle to light outside the critical angle, while maintaining the light outside the critical angle in a state outside the critical angle. Therefore, if the density of the optical coupling structure is sufficiently set, all light incident on the light capturing sheet can be converted into light outside the critical angle, that is, light confined in the sheet.
- the light capturing sheet 51 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method.
- FIGS. 7A to 7E are schematic cross-sectional configuration diagrams showing a procedure for manufacturing the light capturing sheet 51
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are patterns on the mold surface for creating the sheet. It is a typical top view which shows.
- microstructures 25A and 25B for example, rectangular microstructures 25A and 25B having the same dimensions are two-dimensionally arranged on the surfaces of the molds 25a and 25b.
- the arrangement of the microstructure 25A in the mold 25a is equal to the arrangement of the microstructure 25B in the mold 25b.
- the microstructures 25A and 25B are protrusions.
- the height of the microstructure 25A is the dimension b in FIG. 2A, and the height of the microstructure 25B corresponds to the dimension a.
- a linear diffraction grating having a height d and a pitch ⁇ is formed on the surface of the microstructure 25A, and the orientation of the diffraction grating (the direction in which the concave portion or convex portion extends) is the microstructure. Every 25A is different.
- the gratings in the 45 degree increments of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees are regularly arranged, but in reality, the azimuths with smaller increments such as 30 degrees and 15 degree increments. It is preferable to arrange the gratings at the same frequency.
- a transparent resin sheet 24 is laid on the surface of the mold 25b in a state where a spacer is thinly applied, and the mold 25a is arranged on this sheet, and the microstructure 25B and the micro structure 25 The resin sheet 24 sandwiched between the mold 25b and the mold 25b is pressed with the position of the structure 25A being aligned.
- the mold 25a is lifted and the resin sheet 24 is peeled off from the mold 25b, and as shown in FIG. 7C, the resin sheet 24a having a thin adhesive applied to the surface.
- the resin sheet 24 and the resin sheet 24a are bonded to each other.
- the adhesive is thinly applied to the bottom surface of the resin sheet 24a, and this is pressed on the resin sheets 24 ′ and 24′a formed by the same method while ignoring the alignment. Glue these together.
- the resin sheets 24, 24a, 24 ′, and 24′a are replaced with the resin sheets 24 ′ and 24′a of FIG. 7D, and these procedures are repeated, whereby the translucent sheet shown in FIG. 2 3rd area
- region 2c is produced.
- the light capturing shown in FIG. 1A is performed by adhering the resin sheets to be the first region 2a and the second region 2b of the light transmitting sheet 2 to the front and back surfaces of the third region 2c of the light transmitting sheet 2.
- the sheet 51 is completed.
- an adhesive is used for bonding the resin sheets, but the resin sheets may be fused together by heating the surface of the resin sheets without using the adhesive.
- a non-reflective nanostructure may be formed in advance on the surface of the resin sheet that becomes the resin sheet 24a or the first region 2a and the second region 2b.
- the light capturing sheet 52 of this embodiment is different from the light coupling structure of the first embodiment in the structure on the end face of the light coupling structure. For this reason, the optical coupling structure in this embodiment will be mainly described below.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B schematically show a cross-sectional structure and a planar structure of the optical coupling structure 3 ′ along the thickness direction of the light capturing sheet 52.
- the end faces 3r and 3s are provided with recesses 3t having a depth e.
- the width of the cross section of the recess 3t becomes narrower toward the inside.
- the thicknesses of the first light transmission layer 3 a and the second light transmission layer 3 b are reduced from the center of the optical coupling structure 3 ′ toward the outer edge side.
- the surfaces 3p and 3q are flat as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional structure of the light capturing sheet used for the analysis for confirming the light confinement effect in the light capturing sheet 52 provided with the light coupling structure 3 ′.
- the optical coupling structure and the light source are installed at exactly the same positions as the corresponding elements in the structure (FIG. 3) used in the analysis of the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 11A to 11C show the incident angle ⁇ of the light incident on the optical coupling structure 3 ′ from the light source S and the transmittance of the light emitted to the outside of the light capturing sheet in the light capturing sheet having the structure shown in FIG. It is the analysis result which shows the relationship.
- the depth d of the diffraction grating is used as a parameter, and the results are also plotted under conditions where there is no optical coupling structure (configuration with only the light-transmitting sheet 2 and the light source S).
- the former is within the critical angle (41.8 degrees) than the latter. It becomes smaller in the range of, and becomes zero at angles beyond that.
- the reason why the former becomes smaller within the critical angle is that, as described with reference to FIG. 2 (d), the light incident on the surface 3q of the second light transmitting layer 3b is refracted, and a part thereof is outside the critical angle. This is because the light is emitted from the right side surface (the right side surface of the third light-transmitting layer 3c) as the light.
- FIG. 11D shows a standard value (value divided by 90) obtained by integrating the curves of FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C with respect to the incident angle ⁇ , and the groove depth d as a parameter. Show. This integral value is equal to the efficiency with which the light in the sheet is taken out of the sheet because the analysis model is two-dimensional.
- the effect of light confinement by the structure is greater.
- the drop at the positions of arrows b, c, d, and e is smaller than the analysis result of the first embodiment because the grating length (coupling length) is smaller in the analysis model of this embodiment. It is because it is doing.
- FIG. 12 is an analysis result showing the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the transmittance to the outside of the light capturing sheet due to the incidence of light on the end face of the single optical coupling structure in the second embodiment.
- the analysis conditions those obtained by shifting only the position of the light source S to the minus side of the x axis by 5 ⁇ m in FIGS. 10 and 3 are used.
- the second embodiment has a configuration in which the influence on the end face (a phenomenon in which light outside the critical angle is converted into light within the critical angle) can be ignored more than the first embodiment, and the effect of confining the light is further improved. It can be said that it is a strong composition.
- the length of the light source is set to 5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross section showing an example of a procedure for producing the light capturing sheet 52 of the present embodiment.
- the light capturing sheet 52 can be manufactured by providing inclinations 25A 'and 25B' on the outer edges of the microstructures 25A and 25B of the molds 25a and 25b and using the same procedure as in the first embodiment. Except for the differences in the shapes of the molds 25a and 25b, the light capturing sheet 52 of this embodiment can be manufactured in the same manner as the light capturing sheet 51 of the first embodiment. Description is omitted.
- a third embodiment of the light capturing sheet according to the present invention will be described.
- the light capturing sheet 53 of this embodiment differs from the light coupling structure of the second embodiment in the structure at the end face of the light coupling structure. For this reason, the optical coupling structure in this embodiment will be mainly described below.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B schematically show a cross-sectional structure and a planar structure of the optical coupling structure 3 ′′ along the thickness direction of the light capturing sheet 53.
- tapers 3u and 3v are provided in regions of width e adjacent to the end faces 3r and 3s. Therefore, the first light transmissive layer 3a and the second light transmissive layer 3b maintain the flatness of the interface with the third light transmissive layer 3c, and the first light transmissive layer 3a and the second light transmissive layer 3b.
- the thickness of the optical layer 3b decreases from the center of the optical coupling structure 3 ′′ toward the outer edge side.
- FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional structure of the light capturing sheet used in the analysis for confirming the effect of light confinement in the light capturing sheet 53 having the light coupling structure 3 ′′.
- the optical coupling structure and the light source are installed at exactly the same position as the structure used in the analysis of the first embodiment (FIG. 3).
- the former is within the critical angle (41.8 degrees) from the latter.
- the latter becomes zero at larger angles, whereas the former remains lifted up to 55 degrees.
- the reason why the former becomes smaller within the critical angle is that, as described with reference to FIG. 2 (d), the light incident on the surface 3q of the second light transmitting layer 3b is refracted, and a part thereof is outside the critical angle. This is because the light is emitted from the right side surface (the right side surface of the third light-transmitting layer 3c) as the light.
- the former rising above the critical angle.
- the first is that the surface 3q of the second light transmissive layer 3b is inclined toward the outer edge, so that a part of the light exceeding the critical angle is critical to the surface 3q of the second light transmissive layer 3b. This is because the light can be incident within an angle, and this light diffracts the grating inside the optical coupling structure to become light within the critical angle.
- the thickness of the second light-transmitting layer 3b is too thin at the outer edge, and a part of the light exceeding the critical angle is transmitted to the inside of the optical coupling structure in the state of evanescent light. This is because the grating is diffracted into light within a critical angle.
- the lift of the transmitted light is settled at an incident angle of 55 ° or more and becomes almost zero. Therefore, once the light emitted as guided light repeats total reflection and stays inside the sheet, the light is outside the critical angle ( It can be seen that the light has a propagation angle of 55 degrees or more.
- the surface 3p of the 1st translucent layer 3a and the surface 3q of the 2nd translucent layer 3b incline toward an outer edge part, The propagation angle of the light which totally reflects these surfaces is an inclination direction. Depending on the probability of occurrence, the probability of occurrence is the same, so that almost the same propagation angle can be maintained as a whole.
- FIG. 16D shows a standard value (value divided by 90) obtained by integrating the curves of FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C with respect to the incident angle ⁇ , and the groove depth d as a parameter. Show.
- FIG. 17 is an analysis result showing the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the transmittance to the outside of the sheet due to the incidence on the end face of the single optical coupling structure in the sheet of the third embodiment.
- the analysis conditions used in FIGS. 15 and 3 are those in which only the position of the light source S is shifted to the minus side of the x axis by 5 ⁇ m.
- the results of the model of the third embodiment are largely reduced to zero in the range where the incident angle is 55 degrees or more and almost zero. This is because there is no region occupied by the first light-transmitting layer 3a and the second light-transmitting layer 3b at the end face in the third embodiment, and the component that originally refracts the end face is inclined by the second light-transmitting layer 3b. This is because the reflected surface 3q is totally reflected. Therefore, the third embodiment has a configuration that can suppress the influence on the end face (a phenomenon in which light outside the critical angle is converted into light within the critical angle) more than the first embodiment and the second embodiment. It can be said that the effect of confining light is stronger.
- the light capturing sheet 53 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method.
- 18 (a) to 18 (f) are schematic cross-sectional configuration diagrams showing a manufacturing procedure of the light capturing sheet 53
- FIGS. 19 (a) and 19 (b) are patterns on the mold surface for creating the sheet. It is a typical top view which shows.
- the surface of the mold 25a is a flat surface, and for example, rectangular microstructures 25A having the same dimensions are two-dimensionally arranged on the surface of the mold 25a.
- the rectangular microstructure 25A is a diffraction grating having a height d and a pitch ⁇ . The orientation of the diffraction grating differs for each microstructure 25A.
- FIG. 19A the surface of the mold 25a is a flat surface, and for example, rectangular microstructures 25A having the same dimensions are two-dimensionally arranged on the surface of the mold 25a.
- the rectangular microstructure 25A is a diffraction grating having a height d
- diffraction gratings in 45 ° increments of 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, and 135 ° are regularly arranged, but actually smaller, such as 30 ° and 15 ° increments. It is preferable to arrange the gratings at equal intervals in the direction of the step size. Rectangular microstructures 25B and 25B 'are also two-dimensionally arranged on the surfaces of the molds 25b and 25b' in FIG. The arrangement pitch of the minute structures 25B and 25B 'is equal to the arrangement pitch of the minute structures 25A.
- the microstructures 25B and 25B ' are concave portions, and the bottoms are flat. The depth of the recess corresponds to the dimension a or b in FIG.
- the microstructure 25A of the mold 25a is large enough to be in contact with the square (may be in contact), but the squares of the microstructures 25B and 25B 'of the mold 25b and 25b' are small.
- a transparent resin sheet 24 is laid on a mold 25c having a flat surface, and pressed with a mold 25a in a state where a spacer is thinly applied thereon.
- the mold 25a is lifted, the mold 25a is peeled off from the resin sheet, and a flat resin sheet 24a is laid on the resin sheet 24 to which the diffraction grating is transferred.
- the resin sheet 24 and the resin sheet 24a are pressed by the mold 25b while being heated, and the resin sheet 24a is lifted up in the region of the recess 25B of the mold 25b, and the resin in the other region.
- the sheet 24 and the resin sheet 24a are joined.
- the diffraction grating is completely buried in the joint, and remains only in the region where the resin sheet 24a is lifted.
- the floating of the resin sheet 24 a forms an air layer (or vacuum layer) between the resin sheet 24 a and the resin sheet 24.
- the mold 25 c is lifted and peeled off from the resin sheet 24, and a resin sheet 24 a ′ is laid under the resin sheet 24.
- FIG. 18D the mold 25 c is lifted and peeled off from the resin sheet 24, and a resin sheet 24 a ′ is laid under the resin sheet 24.
- the resin sheet 24 and the resin sheet 24a ′ are heated and pressed by the mold 25b ′, and the resin sheet 24a ′ is lifted in the region of the recess 25B ′ of the mold 25b ′.
- the resin sheet 24 and the resin sheet 24a ′ are joined in the other region.
- the floating of the resin sheet 24 a ′ forms an air layer (or vacuum layer) between the resin sheet 24 a ′ and the resin sheet 24.
- the molds 25 b and 25 b ′ are peeled off to complete the joining sheet of the resin sheet 24 a, the resin sheet 24, and the resin sheet 24 a ′.
- the light capturing sheet 53 is completed by bonding the resin sheets to be the first region 2 a and the second region 2 b of the light transmitting sheet 2 to the front and back surfaces of the third region 2 c of the light transmitting sheet 2.
- the non-reflective nanostructure may be formed in advance on the surface of the resin sheet that becomes the resin sheets 24a, 24a ′, the first region 2a, and the second region 2b.
- FIG. 20 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the light receiving device 54 of the present embodiment.
- the light receiving device 54 includes the light capturing sheet 51 and the photoelectric conversion unit 7 of the first embodiment.
- the light capturing sheet 51 the light capturing sheet 52 of the second embodiment or the light capturing sheet 53 of the third embodiment may be used.
- the reflection film 11 is preferably provided on the end faces 2 s and 2 r of the light capturing sheet 51.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 7 is provided adjacent to the second main surface 2q of the light capturing sheet 51.
- the reflection film 11 is provided on all end surfaces.
- a part of the second main surface 2q is in contact with the light receiving unit of the photoelectric conversion unit 7.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 7 may be provided on a part of the first main surface 2 p of the light capturing sheet 51.
- the light captured and sealed in the light capturing sheet 51 circulates in the light capturing sheet 51.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 7 is a solar cell made of silicon. A plurality of photoelectric conversion units 7 may be attached to one light capturing sheet 51. Since the refractive index of silicon is about 5, normally, even when light is incident perpendicularly to the light receiving surface of the solar cell, about 40% of the incident light is reflected without being taken into the photoelectric conversion unit 7. Lost in. This reflection loss further increases when light is incident obliquely. In order to reduce the amount of reflection, an AR coat and a non-reflective nanostructure are formed on the surface of a commercially available solar cell, but sufficient performance is not obtained. Furthermore, there is a metal layer inside the solar cell, and a significant part of the light that reflects it is emitted to the outside. If there is an AR coat or non-reflective nanostructure, the reflected light is emitted to the outside with high efficiency.
- the light capturing sheet of the present invention captures all visible light wavelengths into the light capturing sheet at all incident angles and seals them. Therefore, in the light receiving device 54, light incident from the first main surface 2 p of the light capturing sheet 51 is captured by the light capturing sheet 51 and circulates in the light capturing sheet 51. Since the refractive index of silicon is larger than the refractive index of the translucent sheet 2, the light 5b ′ and 6b ′ outside the critical angle incident on the second main surface 2q is not totally reflected, and a part of the light 5b ′ and 6b ′ is refracted light 5d ′. 6d 'is transmitted to the photoelectric conversion unit 7 and converted into current in the photoelectric conversion unit.
- the reflected light 5c 'and 6c' outside the critical angle propagates in the sheet and then enters the photoelectric conversion unit 7 again, and is used for photoelectric conversion until all the sealing light is eliminated.
- the refractive index of the transmissive sheet 2 is 1.5
- the reflectance of light perpendicularly incident on the first main surface 2p is about 4%.
- an AR coat or a non-reflective nanostructure is formed. In this case, the reflectance can be suppressed to 1 to 2% or less including wavelength dependency and angle dependency.
- Other light enters the light capturing sheet 51 and is confined to be used for photoelectric conversion.
- the light receiving device of this embodiment most of the incident light can be confined in the sheet and most of it can be used for photoelectric conversion. Therefore, the energy conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion unit can be greatly improved.
- the light receiving area is determined by the area of the first main surface p, and all the light received by this surface enters the photoelectric conversion unit 7. For this reason, the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 7 can be reduced, the number of the photoelectric conversion units 7 can be reduced, and the cost of the light receiving device can be significantly reduced.
- FIG. 21 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the light receiving device 55 of the present embodiment.
- the light receiving device 55 includes the light capturing sheet 51 and the photoelectric conversion unit 7 of the first embodiment.
- the light capturing sheet 51 the light capturing sheet 52 of the second embodiment or the light capturing sheet 53 of the third embodiment may be used.
- the light receiving device 55 is different from the light receiving device 54 of the fourth embodiment in that an uneven structure 8 is provided on the second main surface 2q and a gap is provided between the light receiving device 55 and the photoelectric conversion unit 7.
- the concavo-convex structure 8 provided on the second main surface 2q has a concave and convex width of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and may be a periodic pattern or a random pattern.
- the light reflected from the surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 7 is taken in from the second main surface 2q of the light capturing sheet 51, propagates through the light capturing sheet 51, and then again becomes emitted light 5d ′ and 6d ′ as photoelectric light.
- the light travels toward the conversion unit 7. Therefore, also in the light receiving device of this embodiment, most of the incident light can be confined in the light capturing sheet, and most of it can be used for photoelectric conversion. Further, similarly to the fourth embodiment, the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 7 can be reduced or the number of the photoelectric conversion units 7 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to realize a low-cost light receiving device with greatly improved energy conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 22 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the light receiving device 56 of the present embodiment.
- the light receiving device 56 includes the light capturing sheet 51, the photoelectric conversion unit 7, and the prism sheet 9 of the first embodiment.
- the light capturing sheet 51 the light capturing sheet 52 of the second embodiment or the light capturing sheet 53 of the third embodiment may be used.
- the light receiving device 56 is different from the light receiving device 54 of the fourth embodiment in that a prism sheet 9 is provided between the second main surface 2q and the photoelectric conversion unit 7.
- a prism sheet 9 is provided between the second main surface 2q and the photoelectric conversion unit 7.
- the prism sheet 9 may be configured by stacking two sheets of triangular prism prisms orthogonally. Since the refractive index of the prism 10 is set to be larger than the refractive index of the prism sheet 9, the critical angle outside lights 5 b ′ and 6 b ′ incident on the surface of the prism sheet 9 are refracted on the prism surface to become 5 d ′ and 6 d ′.
- the light receiving device of this embodiment most of the incident light can be confined in the light capturing sheet, and most of it can be used for photoelectric conversion. Further, similarly to the fourth embodiment, the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 7 can be reduced or the number of the photoelectric conversion units 7 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to realize a low-cost light receiving device with greatly improved energy conversion efficiency. In addition, since the number of light circulations in the sheet is small as compared with the fourth embodiment, it is less affected by the light sealing performance of the light capturing sheet.
- FIG. 23 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the light receiving device 57 of the present embodiment.
- the light receiving device 57 includes the light capturing sheet 51 and the photoelectric conversion unit 7 of the first embodiment.
- the light capturing sheet 51 the light capturing sheet 52 of the second embodiment or the light capturing sheet 53 of the third embodiment may be used.
- the light receiving device 57 is different from the light receiving device 54 of the fourth embodiment in that the photoelectric conversion unit 7 covers the end faces 2s and 2r instead of the reflective film 11.
- the photoelectric conversion units 7 it is preferable to provide the photoelectric conversion units 7 on all the end faces.
- the fourth region 2 h may not be provided in the light capturing sheet 51.
- the light 5c, 6c, 5c ′, and 6c ′ outside the critical angle are along the normal line of the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 7.
- the light enters the photoelectric conversion unit 7. For this reason, reflection on the surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 7 is small, and the number of light circulation in the light capturing sheet 51 can be reduced.
- the light receiving device of this embodiment most of the incident light can be confined in the light capturing sheet, and most of it can be used for photoelectric conversion. Therefore, it is possible to realize a light receiving device with greatly improved energy conversion efficiency. Moreover, since the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 7 can be reduced as compared with the fourth embodiment, significant cost reduction can be realized. In addition, since the number of light circulations in the sheet is small as compared with the fourth embodiment, it is less affected by the light sealing performance of the light capturing sheet.
- FIG. 24 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the light receiving device 58 of the present embodiment.
- the light receiving device 58 includes light capturing sheets 51 and 51 ′ and a photoelectric conversion unit 7.
- the first light capturing sheet 51, the light capturing sheet 52 of the second embodiment, or the light capturing sheet 53 of the third embodiment may be used independently.
- the fourth region 2h may not be provided in the light capturing sheet 51 ′.
- the light receiving device 58 is different from the fourth embodiment in that the light receiving device 58 is joined so that the end surface 2s of the light capturing sheet 51 is in contact with the first main surface 2p of the light receiving device 54 of the fourth embodiment.
- the light capturing sheet 51 ′ is preferably bonded orthogonally to the light capturing sheet 51. Further, in the light capturing sheet 51 ′, the reflection film 11 is provided on the end surface 2r, and the first main surface 2p ′ and the second main surface 2q ′ in the vicinity of the end surface 2s joined to the light capturing sheet 51 are reflected.
- a film 11 ′ is preferably provided.
- the reflective film 11 ′ functions to reflect the light 6 b so that the light 6 b outside the critical angle from the light capturing sheet 51 does not leak out of the light capturing sheet 51 ′.
- the light 4 incident on the first main surface 2 p of the light capturing sheet 51 is captured in the light capturing sheet 51.
- the light 4 ′ incident on the first main surface 2 p ′ and the second main surface 2 q ′ of the light capturing sheet 51 ′ is captured in the light capturing sheet 51 ′.
- the light captured in the light capturing sheet 51 ′ becomes the guided light 12 that propagates toward the end surface 2 s because the end surface 2 r is covered with the reflective film 11, and merges with the light in the light capturing sheet 51.
- a part of the second main surface 2q in the light capturing sheet 51 is in contact with the surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 7, and the refractive index of silicon is larger than the refractive index of the translucent sheet 2, and therefore the second main surface 2q.
- Light 5b ′ and 6b ′ outside the critical angle incident on the light is not totally reflected, and part of the light enters the photoelectric conversion unit 7 as refracted light 5d ′ and 6d ′, and is converted into current in the photoelectric conversion unit 7.
- the reflected light 5c 'and 6c' outside the critical angle propagates in the light capturing sheet 51 and again enters the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 7, and continues to be used for photoelectric conversion until most of the sealing light disappears.
- the light receiving device of the present embodiment includes the light capturing sheet 51 ′ that is perpendicular to the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 7, the light is incident obliquely on the first main surface 2 p of the light capturing sheet 51. However, the light is incident on the first main surface 2p ′ and the second main surface 2q ′ of the light capturing sheet 51 ′ at an angle close to vertical. For this reason, it becomes easier to capture light in all directions.
- the light receiving device of this embodiment most of the incident light can be confined in the light capturing sheet, and most of it can be used for photoelectric conversion. Further, similarly to the fourth embodiment, the area of the photoelectric conversion unit 7 can be reduced or the number of the photoelectric conversion units 7 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to realize a low-cost light receiving device with greatly improved energy conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 25 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the daylighting plate 59 of the present embodiment.
- the daylighting plate 59 includes the light capturing sheet 51 of the first embodiment and the concavo-convex structure 8 provided on a part of the first main surface 2p and the second main surface 2q of the light capturing sheet 51.
- the light capturing sheet 52 of the second embodiment or the light capturing sheet 53 of the third embodiment may be used.
- the reflection film 11 is provided on the end faces 2r and 2s.
- the concavo-convex structure 8 is formed on a part of the first main surface 2p, and forms a random pattern in which the width of the concave and convex portions is 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the light captured by the light capturing sheet 51 propagates inside the light capturing sheet 51, and a part of the propagated light is emitted to the outside as emitted light 5 d ′ and 6 d ′ by the uneven structure 8.
- the daylighting plate 59 is provided in a daylighting window of a building such as a house so that the first main surface 2p provided with the concavo-convex structure 8 is located on the indoor side.
- the daylighting plate 59 takes in the light of the sun 13a from the second main surface 2q and radiates this light from the concave-convex structure 8 into the room. Thereby, it can be used as room lighting in which light is emitted from the concavo-convex structure 8.
- the daylighting plate 59 takes in the light of the room illumination 13b from the first main surface 2p and radiates this light from the concavo-convex structure 8.
- the daylighting plate 59 can be used to assist room lighting.
- most incident light can be confined in a sheet
- FIG. 26 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the light emitting device 60 of the present embodiment.
- the light emitting device 60 includes a light capturing sheet 51, a light source 14, and a prism sheet 9.
- the light capturing sheet 52 of the second embodiment or the light capturing sheet 53 of the third embodiment may be used.
- the light source 14 such as an LED is provided adjacent to one of the first main surface 2p or the second main surface 2q of the light capturing sheet 51, and the concavo-convex structure 8 is provided on the other side.
- the light source 14 is disposed adjacent to the first main surface 2p, and the concavo-convex structure 8 is provided on the second main surface 2q.
- the reflection film 11 is provided on the end faces 2 s and 2 r of the light capturing sheet 51.
- the concavo-convex structure 8 has a concave and convex width of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and may be a periodic pattern or a random pattern.
- the prism sheet 9 is disposed with a gap so as to face the concave-convex structure 8 on the second main surface 2q.
- tetrahedral prisms 10 are arranged adjacent to each other.
- the prism sheet 9 may be configured by stacking two sheets of triangular prism prisms orthogonally.
- the light 4 emitted from the light source 14 is captured from the first main surface 2p of the light capturing sheet 51 and becomes the light 12 propagating through the light capturing sheet 51. A part of this light is radiated to the outside by the concavo-convex structure 8 as emitted light 5 d ′ and 6 d ′.
- the emitted light is collected by the prism 10 in the prism sheet 9, and becomes light 4a having a substantially parallel wavefront.
- the light emitted from the point light source can be confined in the light capturing sheet with a simple and thin structure, and the light can be extracted as a surface light source.
- FIGS. 27A and 27B schematically show a cross-sectional structure parallel to the central axis and a cross-sectional structure perpendicular to the central axis of the light capturing rod 61 of the present embodiment.
- the light capturing rod 61 includes a light transmitting rod 2 ′ and at least one light coupling structure 3 disposed inside the light transmitting rod 2 ′.
- the translucent rod 2 ′ has a circular or oval cross-sectional shape in a plane perpendicular to the central axis C. Similar to the first embodiment, the translucent rod 2 ′ is made of a transparent material that transmits light having a desired wavelength according to the application or a desired wavelength range.
- the diameter D in the cross section perpendicular to the central axis C of the translucent rod 2' is, for example, about 0.05 mm to 2 mm.
- One or more optical coupling structures 3 are provided at a distance d3 or more in the direction toward the central axis C from the surface 2u which is the main surface of the translucent rod 2 '.
- the light capturing rod 61 includes a plurality of coupling structures 3.
- the optical coupling structure 3 is arranged at a predetermined density in each of the axial direction, the radial direction, and the circumferential direction in the core region 2A.
- the density of arrangement of the light coupling structure 3 is from 10 to 103 per 1mm axially 10 to 103 per 1mm in the radial direction and 10 to 10 3 about per 1mm in a circumferential direction.
- the cross-sectional shape of the core region is circular or elliptical, and may be two or more annular zones.
- the optical coupling structure 3 has the same structure as the optical coupling structure 3 of the first embodiment.
- the light capturing rod 61 may include the optical coupling structure 3 ′ according to the second embodiment or the optical coupling structure 3 ′′ according to the third embodiment, instead of the optical coupling structure 3.
- the optical coupling structure 3 is disposed in the core region 2A so that the diffraction grating of the third light transmitting layer 3c is parallel to the central axis C of the light transmitting rod 2 '.
- the length L in the direction of the central axis C of the optical coupling structure 3 is 3 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and the length W in the direction perpendicular thereto is about 1/3 to 1/10 of L.
- the refractive index of the environment medium surrounding the incoupling rod 61 is 1.0, the refractive index of the translucent rod 2 'and n s.
- the light 4 from the environmental medium passes through the surface 2u and enters the translucent rod 2 ′.
- an AR coat or a non-reflective nanostructure (such as a moth-eye structure) may be formed.
- the light 5a within the critical angle is transmitted through the surface 3q of the second light-transmitting layer 3b, and part of the light 5a is transmitted through the third light-transmitting layer by the action of the diffraction grating. It is converted into guided light 5B propagating in the layer 3c. The remaining light becomes transmitted light or diffracted light, which mainly becomes light 5a ′ within the critical angle and passes through the optical coupling structure 3, or becomes reflected light 5r within the critical angle, and the optical coupling structure 3 pass.
- a part of the guided light 5B is radiated in the same direction as 5r within the critical angle to reach the end face 3S of the third light transmitting layer 3c to become light 5r 'within the critical angle, and the rest is guided to the 3 is emitted from the end face 3S of the light transmitting layer 3c, and becomes light 5c outside the critical angle.
- the light 6a outside the critical angle totally reflects the surface 3q of the second translucent layer 3b, and all of it becomes light 6b outside the critical angle.
- the light outside the critical angle incident on the surface of the optical coupling structure 3 (the surface 3p of the first light transmissive layer 3a and the surface 3q of the second light transmissive layer 3b) remains outside the critical angle.
- a part of the light within the critical angle is converted to light outside the critical angle.
- the light entering the rod is classified into three types.
- the light 15a passes through the core region 2A
- the light 15b passes through the outer edge of the core region 2A
- the light 15c passes through the outside of the core region 2A.
- the light 15a is converted into light outside the critical angle that remains inside the rod in the cross section along the central axis of the rod as described above.
- the light 15b is light that is incident on the surface 2u of the rod at an angle ⁇ , and ⁇ satisfies Equation (3).
- the incident angle of the light 15c on the surface 2u is larger than ⁇ . Therefore, if Expression (4) is established, the light 15b is totally reflected by the first principal surface 2p of the rod, and the lights 15b and 15c are outside the critical angle that remains inside the translucent rod 2 ′ within the cross section orthogonal to the central axis. It becomes the light.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram showing a procedure for manufacturing the light capturing rod 61.
- the resin sheets 24 and 24a (and 24 ′ and 24a ′) in FIGS. 7, 13, and 18 are produced by the same method as in the first to third embodiments.
- the grating vectors of the diffraction grating forming the optical coupling structure 3 on the resin sheets 24, 24a (and 24a ′) have various pitches such that the pitch measured along the z axis is 0.30 ⁇ m to 2.80 ⁇ m. Or a single pitch diffraction grating can be placed in various directions with respect to the z-axis (for example, angles of 30 degrees or 15 degrees), or a combination of these. good.
- the size of the optical coupling structure 3 is such that the length L in the z-axis direction is 3 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m and the length W in the direction perpendicular to the length is L so that the coupled guided light can be emitted as much as possible along the central axis of the rod.
- the core region 2A of the light capturing rod 61 can be manufactured by thinly applying an adhesive to the surface on the side without the diffraction grating and winding the sheet while rotating around the z axis. Further, the light capturing rod 61 is completed by wrapping the periphery thereof with a transparent protective layer on which non-reflective nanostructures are formed.
- FIG. 29 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the light emitting device 62 of the present embodiment.
- the light emitting device 62 includes a light capturing rod 61 and light sources 14R, 14G, and 14B.
- the light intake rod 61 has the structure as described in the eleventh embodiment.
- the reflective film 11 is provided on the end surface 2r of the light capturing rod 61.
- a taper 2v is provided on the surface 2u on the end surface 2s side of the light capturing rod 61, and a waveguide 28 having a diameter smaller than that of the light transmitting rod 2 'is connected thereto.
- the light sources 14R, 14G, and 14B are configured by LDs and LEDs, for example, and emit red, green, and blue light, respectively.
- the light emitted from these light sources is collected by a lens and irradiated with light 4R, 4G, 4B toward the surface 2u of the translucent rod 2 '.
- These lights are confined inside the translucent rod 2 ′ by the optical coupling structure 3 in the core region 2 A, and one end face 2 r is covered with the reflective film 11, so that the entire inside of the rod propagates in one direction.
- the guided light 12 becomes.
- the guided light 12 is narrowed without loss by the taper 2v in which the diameter of the rod 2 'is gradually reduced, and becomes guided light propagating in the waveguide 18 having a small diameter.
- the light 19 close to a point light source is emitted from the end face of the waveguide 18.
- the lights 4R, 4G, and 4B are coherent lights.
- the combined guided light 12 is incoherent.
- the emitted light 19 is also incoherent light.
- the emitted light 19 can be made white light.
- red and blue semiconductor lasers have been realized, and if SHG is used, green lasers can also be used.
- FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the state of incidence of light on the light intake rod 61, and the point O is the center of the rod. If the refractive index of the translucent rod 2 ′ is 1.5, the light 16 a parallel to the straight line AOB becomes light 16 b that is refracted and condensed approximately at the point A.
- the light 16b surely passes through the core region 2A and is confined in the translucent rod 2 ′ from Equation (4). It is done.
- the incident light ray 17a is light at a grazing angle with respect to the incident surface (light at the outermost edge of light collection with a high numerical aperture). End up.
- FIG. 31 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of the light-emitting device 63 of the present embodiment.
- the light emitting device 63 includes a light capturing rod 61, a light source 14, and a prism sheet 9.
- the light intake rod 61 has the structure as described in the eleventh embodiment.
- the reflective film 11 is provided on the end surface 2r of the light capturing rod 61. Further, the portion of the light intake rod 61 where the optical coupling structure 3 is not provided functions as the waveguide 18. A prism sheet 9 is provided on the surface 2 u of the waveguide 18.
- the light source 14 is made of an LD or LED and emits visible light.
- the light emitted from this light source is collected by a lens, and the light 4 is transmitted through the translucent rod 2 ′.
- These lights are confined inside the translucent rod 2 ′ by the optical coupling structure 3 in the core region 2 A, and one end face is covered with the reflective film 11. It becomes the light 12 propagating in the direction, and becomes the guided light propagating in the waveguide 18.
- the prism sheet 9 is disposed in contact with the waveguide 18. In the prism sheet 9, tetrahedral prisms 10 are arranged adjacent to each other.
- the sheets of the triangular prism array may be bonded orthogonally.
- the refractive index of the prism 10 is larger than the refractive index of the prism sheet 9
- the light leaking from the waveguide 18 and entering the prism sheet 9 is refracted and emitted from the prism sheet 9 to become parallel outgoing light 19.
- the prism sheet 9 may be separated from the waveguide 18. In this case, light is emitted by forming an uneven structure on the surface of the waveguide 18 facing the prism sheet 9.
- the light source is a laser
- the light 4 is coherent light, but since the light emission from the individual optical coupling structures 3 is performed in a discrete phase, the waveguide light 12 synthesized from them is incoherent light. . Therefore, the emitted light 19 is also incoherent light.
- red and blue semiconductor lasers have been realized, and if SHG is used, green lasers can also be used. When these light sources are used, red, green and blue line light sources can be obtained. For example, by bundling these linear light sources, a color backlight for a liquid crystal display can be provided with a very simple configuration.
- the sheet and rod of the present invention can capture light at all incident angles over a wide region and a wide wavelength range (for example, the entire visible light range), and a light receiving device using them can be a high conversion efficiency solar cell or the like. While the light receiving and light emitting devices using them provide new forms of illumination and light sources, they can be used as recycled lighting using sunlight or illumination light, high-efficiency backlights, and incoherent white light sources. Useful.
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Abstract
Description
本発明による光取り込みシートの第1の実施形態を説明する。図1(a)は、光取り込みシート51の模式的な断面図である。光取り込みシート51は、第1の主面2pおよび第2の主面2qを有する透光シート2と透光シート2内に配設された少なくとも1つの光結合構造3を備える。
本発明による光取り込みシートの第2の実施形態を説明する。本実施形態の光取り込みシート52は、光結合構造の端面における構造が第1の実施形態の光結合構造と異なっている。このため、以下、本実施形態における光結合構造を中心に説明する。
本発明による光取り込みシートの第3の実施形態を説明する。本実施形態の光取り込みシート53は、光結合構造の端面における構造が第2の実施形態の光結合構造と異なっている。このため、以下、本実施形態における光結合構造を中心に説明する。
本発明による受光装置の実施形態を説明する。図20は、本実施形態の受光装置54の断面構造を模式的に示している。受光装置54は、第1の実施系形態の光取り込みシート51と光電変換部7とを備える。光取り込みシート51に替えて、第2の実施形態の光取り込みシート52または第3の実施形態の光取り込みシート53を用いてもよい。
本発明による受光装置の他の実施形態を説明する。図21は、本実施形態の受光装置55の断面構造を模式的に示している。受光装置55は、第1の実施系形態の光取り込みシート51と光電変換部7とを備える。光取り込みシート51に替えて、第2の実施形態の光取り込みシート52または第3の実施形態の光取り込みシート53を用いてもよい。
本発明による受光装置の他の実施形態を説明する。図22は、本実施形態の受光装置56の断面構造を模式的に示している。受光装置56は、第1の実施系形態の光取り込みシート51と光電変換部7とプリズムシート9とを備える。光取り込みシート51に替えて、第2の実施形態の光取り込みシート52または第3の実施形態の光取り込みシート53を用いてもよい。
本発明による受光装置の他の実施形態を説明する。図23は、本実施形態の受光装置57の断面構造を模式的に示している。受光装置57は、第1の実施系形態の光取り込みシート51と光電変換部7とを備える。光取り込みシート51に替えて、第2の実施形態の光取り込みシート52または第3の実施形態の光取り込みシート53を用いてもよい。
本発明による受光装置の他の実施形態を説明する。図24は、本実施形態の受光装置58の断面構造を模式的に示している。受光装置58は、光取り込みシート51、51’と光電変換部7とを備える。光取り込みシート51、51’に替えて、それぞれ独立に、第1の光取り込みシート51、第2の実施形態の光取り込みシート52または第3の実施形態の光取り込みシート53を用いてもよい。本実施形態の場合、光取り込みシート51’には第4の領域2hを設けなくてもよい。
本発明による採光板の実施形態を説明する。図25は、本実施形態の採光板59の断面構造を模式的に示している。採光板59は、第1の実施形態の光取り込みシート51と、光取り込みシート51の第1の主面2pおよび第2の主面2qの一部に設けられた凹凸構造8とを備える。光取り込みシート51に替えて、第2の実施形態の光取り込みシート52または第3の実施形態の光取り込みシート53を用いてもよい。光取り込みシート51において、端面2r、2sには反射膜11が設けられている。
本発明による発光装置の実施形態を説明する。図26は、本実施形態の発光装置60の断面構造を模式的に示している。発光装置60は、光取り込みシート51と、光源14と、プリズムシート9とを備える。光取り込みシート51に替えて、第2の実施形態の光取り込みシート52または第3の実施形態の光取り込みシート53を用いてもよい。
本発明による光取り込みロッドの実施形態を説明する。図27(a)および(b)は、本実施形態の光取り込みロッド61の中心軸に平行な断面構造および中心軸に垂直な断面構造を模式的に示している。光取り込みロッド61は、透光ロッド2’と透光ロッド2’の内部に配置された少なくとも1つの光結合構造3を備える。
本発明による発光装置の実施形態を説明する。図29は、本実施形態の発光装置62の断面構造を模式的に示している。発光装置62は、光取り込みロッド61と、光源14R、14G、14Bとを備える。光取り込みロッド61は第11の実施形態で説明した通りの構造を備える。
本発明による発光装置の他の実施形態を説明する。図31は、本実施形態の発光装置63の断面構造を模式的に示している。発光装置63は、光取り込みロッド61と、光源14と、プリズムシート9とを備える。光取り込みロッド61は第11の実施形態で説明した通りの構造を備える。
2’ 透光ロッド
2p 第1の主面
2q 第2の主面
2u 表面
3、3’、3’’ 光結合構造
3a 第1の透光層
3b 第2の透光層
3c 第3の透光層
3d 回折格子
4 入射光
5a、5a’ 臨界角内の光
5b、5c、5b’、 5c’ 臨界角外の光
6a、6b、6c、6b’、6c’ 臨界角外の光
9 プリズムシート
10 プリズム
11 反射膜
14 光源
Claims (26)
- 第1および第2の主面を有する透光シートと、
前記透光シート内であって、前記第1および第2の主面からそれぞれ第1および第2の距離以上隔てた内部に配置された複数の光結合構造と
を備え、
前記複数の光結合構造のそれぞれは、第1の透光層と、第2の透光層と、これらに挟まれた第3の透光層とを含み、
前記第1および第2の透光層の屈折率は前記透光シートの屈折率よりも小さく、
前記第3の透光層の屈折率は前記第1および第2の透光層の屈折率よりも大きく、
前記第3の透光層は、前記透光シートの前記第1および第2の主面と平行な回折格子を有する光取り込みシート。 - 前記複数の光結合構造は、前記透光シート内であって、前記第1および第2の主面からそれぞれ前記第1および第2の距離以上隔てた内部において、三次元に配置されている請求項1に記載の光取り込みシート。
- 前記回折格子のピッチが0.1μm以上3μm以下である請求項2に記載の光取り込みシート。
- 前記第1および第2の透光層の表面は、100μm以下の直径の円に外接する大きさを有し、
前記複数の光結合構造のそれぞれの厚さは3μm以下である請求項3に記載の光取り込みシート。 - 前記複数の光結合構造のうち少なくとも2つにおいて、前記回折格子の伸びる方向は互いに異なっている請求項4に記載の光取り込みシート。
- 前記複数の光結合構造のうち少なくとも2つにおいて、前記回折格子のピッチは互いに異なっている請求項4に記載の光取り込みシート。
- 前記透光シートは、
前記第1の主面と接し、前記第1の距離を厚さに有する第1の領域と、
前記第2の主面と接し、前記第2の距離を厚さに有する第2の領域と、
前記第1および第2の領域に挟まれた第3の領域と、
前記第3の領域内に設けられており、前記第1の領域および前記第2の領域を接続する少なくとも1つの第4の領域と
を含み、
前記複数の光結合構造は、前記少なくとも1つの第4の領域以外の前記第3の領域内にのみ配置されており、
前記第4の領域を貫通する任意の直線は、前記透光シートの厚さ方向に対して、前記透光シートの屈折率と前記透光シートの周囲の環境媒質の屈折率とで規定される臨界角よりも大きな角度に沿って伸びている請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の光取り込みシート。 - 前記複数の光結合構造の少なくとも1つにおいて、前記第1および第2の透光層の膜厚は、前記光結合構造の中心から外縁側に向かうにつれて小さくなっている請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の光取り込みシート。
- 前記複数の光結合構造の少なくとも1つにおいて、前記第1および第2の透光層の、前記透光シートと接する面、及び前記第1の主面、前記第2の主面のいずれかには、ピッチ及び高さが設計波長の1/3以下の凹凸構造が形成されている請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の光取り込みシート。
- 前記第1および第2の透光層の屈折率は、前記環境媒質の屈折率と等しい請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の光取り込みシート。
- 主面、および、円または楕円の断面を有する透光ロッドと、
前記透光ロッド内であって、前記主面から第1の距離以上隔てた内部に配置された複数の光結合構造と
を備え、
前記複数の光結合構造のそれぞれは、第1の透光層と第2の透光層とこれらに挟まれた第3の透光層とを含み、
前記第1および第2の透光層の屈折率は前記透光ロッドの屈折率よりも小さく、
前記第3の透光層の屈折率は前記第1および第2の透光層の屈折率よりも大きく、
前記第3の透光層は、前記透光ロッドの中心軸と平行な回折格子を有する光取り込みロッド。 - 前記複数の光結合構造は、前記透光ロッド内であって、前記主面から前記第1の距離以上隔てた内部において、それぞれ三次元に配置されている請求項11に記載の光取り込みロッド。
- 前記回折格子のピッチが0.1μm以上3μm以下である請求項12に記載の光取り込みロッド。
- 前記第1および第2の透光層の表面は、100μm以下の直径の円に外接する大きさを有し、
前記光結合構造のそれぞれの厚さは3μm以下である請求項13に記載の光取り込みロッド。 - 前記複数の光結合構造のうち少なくとも2つにおいて、前記回折格子の伸びる方向は互いに異なっている請求項14に記載の光取り込みロッド。
- 前記複数の光結合構造のうち少なくとも2つにおいて、前記回折格子のピッチは互いに異なっている請求項14に記載の光取り込みロッド。
- 前記複数の光結合構造の少なくとも1つにおいて、前記第1および第2の透光層の、前記透光ロッドと接する面、および、前記主面のいずれかには、ピッチおよび高さが設計波長の1/3以下の凹凸構造が形成されている請求項11から16のいずれかに記載の光取り込みロッド。
- 前記第1および第2の透光層の屈折率は、前記透光ロッドの周囲の環境媒質の屈折率と等しい請求項11から16のいずれかに記載の光取り込みロッド。
- 請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の光取り込みシートと、
前記光取り込みシートの前記第1の主面、前記第2の主面および前記第1の主面と前記第2の主面に隣接する端面のいずれかに設けられた光電変換部と、
を備える受光装置。 - 請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の他の光取り込みシートをさらに備え、
前記光取り込みシートの前記第1の主面に前記光電変換部が設けられ、
前記光取り込みシートの前記第2の主面に前記他の光取り込みシートの端面が接続された請求項19に記載の受光装置。 - 請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の光取り込みシートと、
前記光取り込みシートの前記第1の主面または前記第2の主面に設けられた凹凸構造またはプリズムシート、
前記凹凸構造または前記プリズムシートから出射する光を受光する光電変換部と
を備えた受光装置。 - 請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の光取り込みシートと、
前記光取り込みシートの前記第1の主面または前記第2の主面の一部に設けられた凹凸構造と
を備える受光装置。 - 請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の光取り込みシートと、
前記光取り込みシートの前記第1の主面または前記第2の主面の一方に近接して設けられた光源と、
前記光取り込みシートの前記第1の主面または前記第2の主面の他方に設けられた凹凸構造と、
前記凹凸構造から出射する光が入射するように配置されたプリズムシートと
を備える発光装置。 - 請求項11から18のいずれかに記載の光取り込みロッドと、
前記透光ロッドの第1の主面に近接して配設された少なくとも1つの光源と
を備えた発光装置。 - 前記光源を3つ備え、
前記3つの光源はそれぞれ赤色、青色および緑色の光を出射する請求項24に記載の発光装置。 - 前記透光ロッドの第1の主面の一部に設けられたプリズムシート、または凹凸構造をさらに備える請求項24に記載の発光装置。
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US13/877,362 US9188717B2 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2011-09-28 | Light acquisition sheet and rod, and light receiving device and light emitting device each using the light acquisition sheet or rod |
CN201180041644.XA CN103097930B (zh) | 2010-10-04 | 2011-09-28 | 取光板和棒以及使用了它们的光接收装置和发光装置 |
JP2012537573A JP5650752B2 (ja) | 2010-10-04 | 2011-09-28 | 光取り込みシートおよびロッド、ならびに、それらを用いた受光装置および発光装置 |
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JP2022051816A (ja) * | 2017-01-27 | 2022-04-01 | マジック リープ, インコーポレイテッド | 異なって向けられたナノビームを有するメタ表面によって形成された回折格子 |
JP7142015B2 (ja) | 2017-01-27 | 2022-09-26 | マジック リープ, インコーポレイテッド | 異なって向けられたナノビームを有するメタ表面によって形成された回折格子 |
JP7416551B2 (ja) | 2017-01-27 | 2024-01-17 | マジック リープ, インコーポレイテッド | 異なって向けられたナノビームを有するメタ表面によって形成された回折格子 |
US11112552B2 (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2021-09-07 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Light-guide sheet and photoelectric conversion device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20130264470A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
US9188717B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
EP2626729A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
JPWO2012046414A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
EP2626729A4 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
JP5650752B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
CN103097930B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
CN103097930A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
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