WO2012045258A1 - 一种半导体纳米圆环的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种半导体纳米圆环的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2012045258A1
WO2012045258A1 PCT/CN2011/079525 CN2011079525W WO2012045258A1 WO 2012045258 A1 WO2012045258 A1 WO 2012045258A1 CN 2011079525 W CN2011079525 W CN 2011079525W WO 2012045258 A1 WO2012045258 A1 WO 2012045258A1
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photoresist
substrate
mask
ring
sized
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黄如
艾玉杰
郝志华
浦双双
樊捷闻
孙帅
王润声
安霞
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Peking University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10PGENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10P50/00Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
    • H10P50/69Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices using masks for semiconductor materials
    • H10P50/691Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices using masks for semiconductor materials for Group V materials or Group III-V materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of processing a semiconductor nanomaterial, and more particularly to a method of fabricating a nano-scale annular structure of a semiconductor material. Background technique
  • Nano-sized ring structures have important application prospects in the field of semiconductors.
  • the ring structure is more effective than the columnar structure in absorbing photogenerated carriers, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery; in the field of LEDs, researchers generally use pattern substrate technology to increase the efficiency of light emission.
  • the circular pattern of the pattern substrate can more effectively increase the reflection of light, and thus it is expected to achieve higher luminous efficiency of the LED.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a nano-sized annular structure of a semiconductor material at a low cost using a micro-scale lithography apparatus based on the basic principle of Poisson diffraction.
  • a method for preparing a semiconductor nanoring includes the following steps:
  • the method of the present invention is based on the principle of Poisson diffraction.
  • the pattern area of the mask is opaque circular shape, in order to cause Poisson bright spot phenomenon during exposure, the corresponding photoresist region under the center of the opaque circular mask is also generated.
  • Exposure ensures that a photoresist that is circular rather than circular remains on the substrate after development, the diameter of the circle is not too large and needs to be selected according to the wavelength of the exposure light. At the same time, the diameter of the circle is also limited by the sensitivity of the photoresist. If the diameter is too small, the photoresist may disappear completely after development. After the photoresist is selected, one skilled in the art can determine the matched wavelength and circular diameter by a limited number of experiments. For example, for a general positive photoresist (such as a positive photoresist)
  • the diameter d of the mask should be in the range of 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
  • the material of the substrate in the above step 1) may be a semiconductor material commonly used in the field of microelectronics and optoelectronics, such as Si, Ge, GaAs, etc., which are commonly used as device substrates, and may also be various epitaxial semiconductor materials such as GaN. Wait.
  • the above steps 2) can be used for positive photoresist such as positive photoresist Ruihong 304-25, AR-P 3100, AR-P 3200, AR-P 3500, AR-P 5900/4, etc., photoresist
  • the thickness is preferably from 300 nm to 4 ⁇ m, more preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the above step 4) is preferably exposed by ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 10 nm to 400 nm, and the outer diameter of the semiconductor ring formed by the diameter d of the mask plate is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ (1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
  • Step 6 in this condition Micron ⁇ 2 microns, ring wall thickness (ie difference between inner and outer diameter) is about 80 nm ⁇ 120 nm.
  • the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Due to the limitation of the sensitivity of the photoresist, it is impossible to directly prepare the nanostructure based on the micron-sized lithography apparatus using the nano-sized mask pattern, and the present invention utilizes the Poisson diffraction principle.
  • the use of a micron-sized lithographic apparatus and a micron-sized circular mask to prepare a nano-sized circular ring structure overcomes the reliance on advanced lithography techniques, thereby effectively reducing the fabrication cost of such nanostructures. 2.
  • This technology is scalable, that is, based on the Poisson bright spot phenomenon, the ring thickness can be prepared by using a shorter wavelength, a smaller radius circular mask, and a more sensitive photoresist.
  • the annular structure of various semiconductor materials with a radius in the nanometer range that is, the nanotube structure, overcomes the difficulty in the fabrication of many semiconductor material nanotubes, and lays a foundation for studying the peculiar characteristics of various semiconductor material nanotubes.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a micron sized opaque circular mask pattern.
  • Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 (b) are scanning electron micrographs of a nano-sized ring structure prepared on a Si substrate, wherein Figure 2 (a) is a top view; Figure 2 (b) is a 45-degree angle Side view.
  • Figure 2 (a) is a top view; Figure 2 (b) is a 45-degree angle Side view.
  • the Si nanorings were prepared by the following steps:
  • the method of the present invention is based on the principle of Poisson diffraction.
  • the pattern area of the mask is opaque circular shape, in order to cause Poisson bright spot phenomenon during exposure, the corresponding photoresist region under the center of the opaque circular mask is also generated.
  • Exposure ensures that a photoresist that is circular rather than circular remains on the substrate after development, the diameter of the circle is not too large and needs to be selected according to the wavelength of the exposure light. At the same time, the diameter of the circle is also limited by the sensitivity of the photoresist.
  • the photoresist may disappear completely after development. It is found that the photoresist pattern corresponding to the circular mask pattern with a diameter of 2 ⁇ m is still circular; due to the sensitivity of the photoresist, the photoresist corresponding to the circular mask pattern having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m is developed. Completely disappeared; the circular mask pattern with a diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m corresponds to a nano-scale circular pattern; therefore, for a general positive photoresist (such as positive photoresist Ruihong 304-25)
  • the ultraviolet light exposure by the ultraviolet lithography apparatus has a diameter d of the mask circular shape preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ (1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ).
  • Si is used as the material of the substrate, but the substrate material may also be microelectronics and optoelectronics.
  • Other semiconductor materials commonly used in the field, such as Ge, GaAs, etc., are generally used as the material of the device substrate, and may also be various epitaxially grown semiconductor materials such as GaN.
  • the positive photoresist Reilly 304-25 is used in the above step 3), but other positive photoresists, such as AR-P 3100, AR-P 3200 AR-P 3500, AR-, may also be used. P 5900/4 and so on.
  • the thickness of the photoresist is preferably from 300 nm to 4 ⁇ m, more preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • ultraviolet light 10 nm to 400 nm for exposure, and in the above step 4), ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365 nm is used for exposure.
  • the diameter d of the circular shape of the mask is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ (1 ⁇ 2 ⁇
  • the outer diameter of the semiconductor ring formed by the above steps is 1.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m
  • the ring wall Thick ie the difference between the inner and outer diameters is about 80 nm to 120 nm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种半导体纳米圆环的制备方法,该方法首先在半导体衬底上涂正性光刻胶,然后基于泊松衍射的原理,通过微米级直径的圆形掩膜版对光刻胶进行曝光,得到圆环形的光刻胶,再在圆环形光刻胶的保护下对衬底进行等离子体刻蚀,在衬底表面形成壁厚为纳米尺寸的圆环形结构。本发明采用微米尺寸的光刻设备和微米尺寸的圆形掩膜制备出纳米尺寸的圆环形结构,克服了对先进光刻技术的依赖,从而有效降低了圆环形纳米结构的制备成本。

Description

一种半导体纳米圆环的制备方法 技术领域 本发明涉及一种半导体纳米材料的加工方法, 尤其涉及半导体材料的纳米尺 寸圆环结构的制备方法。 背景技术
纳米尺寸的圆环结构在半导体领域具有重要的应用前景。 例如, 对垂直结构 的太阳能电池而言, 圆环结构比柱状结构更能有效吸收光生载流子, 从而提高电 池的效率; 在 LED 领域, 研究者通常采用图形衬底技术增加光的出射效率, 与 常规的柱状结构的蓝宝石图形衬底相比, 圆环形结构的图形衬底可更有效增加光 的反射, 从而有望使 LED获得更高的发光效率。
由于受到光学光刻最小线宽的限制, 很难通过常规的光学光刻制备出纳米尺 寸的圆环结构。 纳米尺寸圆环的制备往往依赖于先进的、 昂贵的加工技术, 例如 电子束光刻、 聚焦离子束光刻等等, 这无疑会增加产品的生产成本。 当然还可以 基于化学生长技术自组装制备纳米尺寸圆环结构, 例如基于气-液-固 ( Vapor-Liquid-Solid) 的生长机制。 但采用自组装技术很难保证纳米结构的一致 性和均匀性。 此外, 与制备纳米线相比, 自组装制备纳米尺度圆环结构的技术更 不成熟。 发明内容
针对以上问题, 本发明的目的是提供一种基于泊松衍射的基本原理, 利用微 米尺度光刻设备低成本制备半导体材料的纳米尺寸圆环结构的方法。
为实现以上目的, 本发明采取以下技术方案:
一种半导体纳米圆环的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 ) 清洗半导体衬底并对衬底进行前烘;
2) 在衬底上旋涂正性光刻胶;
3 ) 在掩膜版的保护下对光刻胶进行曝光, 其中掩膜版的图形区域为微米级 直径的圆形;
4 ) 对曝光后的光刻胶进行显影操作, 在衬底上形成圆环形的光刻胶, 然后 进行后烘;
5 ) 在圆环形光刻胶的保护下对衬底进行等离子体刻蚀;
6) 去胶清洗, 在衬底表面形成壁厚为纳米尺寸的圆环形结构。
本发明的方法基于泊松衍射的原理, 当光照到不透光的小圆板上时, 在圆板 的阴影中心会出现亮斑, 即所谓泊松亮斑。 上述步骤 3 ) 掩膜版的图形区域为不 透光的圆形, 为了在曝光时发生泊松亮斑现象, 使不透光的圆形掩膜版的中心下 方对应的光刻胶区域也发生曝光, 从而保证显影后在衬底上留下的是圆环形而非 圆形的光刻胶, 所述圆形的直径不能太大, 需要根据曝光光线的波长进行选择。 同时, 圆形的直径也受光刻胶灵敏度的限制, 直径太小的话可能造成显影后光刻 胶完全消失。 在选定光刻胶后, 本领域的技术人员可以通过有限次的实验来确定 匹配的波长和圆形直径。 例如, 对于一般的正性光刻胶 (如正性光刻胶瑞红
304-25 ) , 采用通过紫外光刻设备进行紫外曝光, 掩膜版圆形的直径 d 应该在 1μηι<ά<2μηι的范围内。
上述步骤 1 )所述衬底的材料可以为微电子和光电子领域常见的半导体材料, 例如 Si、 Ge、 GaAs等常用作器件衬底的材料, 也可以为各种外延生长的半导体 材料, 如 GaN等。
上述步骤 2 ) 可采用的正性光刻胶例如正性光刻胶瑞红 304-25、 AR-P 3100, AR-P 3200、 AR-P 3500、 AR-P 5900/4等,光刻胶的厚度优选在 300纳米〜 4微米, 更优选为 1微米〜 3微米。
上述步骤 4 )优选采用波长为 10nm〜400nm的紫外光进行曝光, 掩膜版圆形 的直径 d为 1μιη<(1<2μιη。 在此条件下步骤 6 ) 形成的半导体圆环的外径在 1.5微 米〜 2微米, 环壁厚 (即内外径之差) 约 80纳米〜 120纳米。
本发明的技术方案具有以下优点: 1、 由于光刻胶灵敏度的限制, 是无法基 于微米尺寸的光刻设备直接利用纳米尺寸的掩膜图形制备纳米结构的, 本发明利 用了泊松衍射原理, 采用微米尺寸的光刻设备和微米尺寸的圆形掩膜, 制备出纳 米尺寸的圆环形结构, 克服了对先进光刻技术的依赖, 从而有效降低了这种纳米 结构的制备成本。 2、 这种技术具有可缩比性, 即可以基于泊松亮斑现象, 通过 采用更短的波长、 更小半径的圆形掩膜版、 灵敏度更高的光刻胶, 制备出圆环厚 度和半径均在纳米范围内的各种半导体材料的圆环结构, 即纳米管结构, 克服了 许多半导体材料纳米管无法制备的困难, 为研究各种半导体材料纳米管的奇特特 性奠定基础。 附图说明
图 1为微米尺寸的不透光圆形掩膜图形的示意图。
图 2 ( a) 和图 2 ( b ) 为在 Si衬底上制备出的纳米尺寸圆环结构的扫描电子 显微镜照片, 其中, 图 2 ( a) 为俯视图; 图 2 ( b ) 为 45度角侧视图。 具体实施方式 下边结合附图, 通过实施例对本发明进行详细的描述, 但不以任何方式限制 本发明的范围。
通过下述步骤制备 Si纳米圆环:
1 ) 准备并清洗 Si衬底;
2 ) 对 Si衬底进行前烘;
3 ) 在 Si衬底上旋涂正性光刻胶瑞红 304-25, 1.7微米;
4 ) 在掩膜版的保护下进行紫外曝光, 波长 365nm, 时间 9秒, 其中掩膜版 的图形区域为不透光的微米尺寸的圆形,如图 1所示。圆形的直径分别取 1微米、 1.5微米和 2微米;
5 ) 对曝光后的光刻胶进行显影操作。 本发明的方法基于泊松衍射的原理, 当光照到不透光的小圆板上时,在圆板的阴影中心会出现亮斑,即所谓泊松亮斑。 上述步骤 3 ) 掩膜版的图形区域为不透光的圆形, 为了在曝光时发生泊松亮斑现 象, 使不透光的圆形掩膜版的中心下方对应的光刻胶区域也发生曝光, 从而保证 显影后在衬底上留下的是圆环形而非圆形的光刻胶, 所述圆形的直径不能太大, 需要根据曝光光线的波长进行选择。同时,圆形的直径也受光刻胶灵敏度的限制, 直径太小的话可能造成显影后光刻胶完全消失。 结果发现, 直径为 2微米的圆形 掩膜图形对应的光刻胶图形仍然为圆形; 由于受光刻胶灵敏度的限制, 直径为 1 微米的圆形掩膜图形对应的光刻胶显影后完全消失; 而直径为 1.5微米的圆形掩 膜图形对应的光刻胶图形为纳米尺度的圆环形;因此,对于一般的正性光刻胶(如 正性光刻胶瑞红 304-25 ), 采用通过紫外光刻设备进行紫外曝光, 掩膜版圆形的 直径 d优选在 1 μιη<(1<2μιη的范围内。
6 ) 在圆环形光刻胶的保护下等离子体刻蚀 Si衬底材料;
7 )去胶清洗,在 Si衬底表面形成壁厚约为 lOOnm左右的纳米尺寸圆环结构, 如图 2( )和图 2 ;)所示。
上述步骤 1 ) 中以 Si作为衬底的材料, 但衬底材料也可以为微电子和光电子 领域常见的其它的半导体材料, 例如 Ge、 GaAs等通常用作器件衬底的材料, 也 可以为各种外延生长的半导体材料, 如 GaN等。
另外, 在上述步骤 3 ) 中采用的是正性光刻胶瑞红 304-25, 但也可以是其它 的正性光刻胶, 例如 AR-P 3100、 AR-P 3200 AR-P 3500、 AR-P 5900/4等。此夕卜, 光刻胶的厚度优选在 300纳米〜 4微米, 更优选为 1微米〜 3微米。
在本发明中, 优选采用 10nm〜400nm的紫外光进行曝光, 在上述步骤 4) 中 采用的是波长 365nm的紫外光进行曝光。
另外, 在采用 10nm〜400nm 的紫外光进行曝光, 掩膜版圆形的直径 d 为 1μιη<(1<2μιη时, 通过上述步骤形成的半导体圆环的外径在 1.5微米〜 2微米, 环 壁厚 (即内外径之差) 约 80纳米〜 120纳米。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种半导体纳米圆环的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 ) 清洗半导体衬底并对衬底进行前烘;
2) 在衬底上旋涂正性光刻胶;
3 ) 在掩膜版的保护下对光刻胶进行曝光, 其中掩膜版的图形区域为微 米级直径的圆形;
4 ) 对曝光后的光刻胶进行显影操作, 在衬底上形成圆环形的光刻胶, 然后进行后烘;
5 ) 在圆环形光刻胶的保护下对衬底进行等离子体刻蚀; 6) 去胶清洗, 在衬底表面形成壁厚为纳米尺寸的圆环形结构。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 1 ) 中所述衬底的材料 为 Si、 Ge、 GaAs或 GaN。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 2 ) 中所述正性光刻胶 为瑞红 304-25、 AR-P 3100 AR-P 3200 AR-P 3500或 AR-P 5900/4。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 2 ) 中所旋涂的正性光 刻胶的厚度为 300纳米〜 4微米。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 2 ) 中所旋涂的正性光 刻胶的厚度为 1微米〜 3微米。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 4 ) 通过紫外光刻设备 进行紫外曝光, 掩膜版的图形区域为直径 d在 1μιη<(1<2μιη范围内的圆形。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 紫外曝光中紫外光的波长为 365nm, 掩膜版的图形区域为直径 1.5μιη的圆形。
PCT/CN2011/079525 2010-10-09 2011-09-09 一种半导体纳米圆环的制备方法 Ceased WO2012045258A1 (zh)

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CN102509697A (zh) * 2011-11-01 2012-06-20 北京大学 一种制备超细线条的方法
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