WO2012045232A1 - 支链聚噻吩衍生物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

支链聚噻吩衍生物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2012045232A1
WO2012045232A1 PCT/CN2011/001671 CN2011001671W WO2012045232A1 WO 2012045232 A1 WO2012045232 A1 WO 2012045232A1 CN 2011001671 W CN2011001671 W CN 2011001671W WO 2012045232 A1 WO2012045232 A1 WO 2012045232A1
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何有军
赵光金
李永舫
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中国科学院化学研究所
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    • C08G61/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/12Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G61/122Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
    • C08G61/123Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
    • C08G61/126Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
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    • H10K85/111Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H10K85/113Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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    • C08G2261/10Definition of the polymer structure
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    • C08G2261/10Definition of the polymer structure
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    • C08G2261/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/30Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/32Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/322Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
    • C08G2261/3223Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
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    • C08G2261/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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    • C08G2261/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/90Applications
    • C08G2261/95Use in organic luminescent diodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549Organic PV cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to conjugated polymer materials, and more particularly to polythiophene derivatives having conjugated branches containing divalent thiophene groups, and processes and uses for the preparation of such conjugated polymers. Background technique
  • Conjugated polymers including thiophene and its derivatives (PTs), polystyrene and its derivatives
  • PVs polyparaphenylenes and their derivatives
  • PPPs polymers of heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Due to its certain photoelectric activity, it has been widely used in the field of optoelectronics, especially in organic polymer solar cells and field effect transistors.
  • the reported articles are (1) Liu, J.; Kadnikova, EN; Liu, Y.; McGehee, MD; Frechet, JMJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2004, 126: 6550 ⁇ 655 1; and (2) Ong, BS; Wu, Y.; Liu, P.; Gardner, S., J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2004, 126: 3378 ⁇ 3379 et al. People broaden their absorption by modifying thiophene branches and the like, and increase their hole mobility by introducing a fused ring aromatic unit into the main chain.
  • the present invention provides a series of polymers which improve the charge of spherical shell-like carbon molecules (fullerene) in the field of photovoltaic cells, in particular in the field of organic field effect transistors and polymer solar cells. Movement and absorption of light for the donor.
  • spherical shell-like carbon molecules fullerene
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer obtained by polymerization of a recurring unit of the following formula (I), or a polymer obtained by repeating unit polymerization of the following formula (I) and the following formula (II),
  • the polymer is expressed by the following formula (P):
  • R8 R9 wherein R 1 , which are the same or different from each other, independently represent a linear, branched or cyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, ethylenically unsaturated group,
  • R 2 to R 11 which are the same or different from each other, independently represent
  • a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms wherein the hetero atom T group contained in the group is selected from an atom in IIIA, IVA, VA or VIA of the periodic table; - substituted or unsubstituted a heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms,
  • a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group wherein the aryl moiety has 6 to 50 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl moiety has 1 to 50 carbon atoms,
  • arylalkyl group arylalkyl-substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms
  • M which are the same or different from each other, independently represent a hetero atom selected from atoms in IIIA, IVA, VA or VIA of the periodic table,
  • the degree of polymerization n is 200 ⁇ n ⁇ 5.
  • the atoms in the iridium, IVA, VA or VIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements are selected from the group consisting of B, Si, Sn, N, 0, S and Se.
  • the groups R 1 which are the same or different from each other, independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted conjugated ethylenically unsaturated group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms.
  • the groups R 1 which are the same or different from each other, independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted, conjugated divalent ethylenically unsaturated group selected from the group consisting of divalent vinylidene groups.
  • R 1 which are the same or different from each other, independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted conjugated vinylidene group, a divalent butadiene group or a divalent hexylene group. Group.
  • R 2 to R 11 are the same or different from each other and independently represent
  • hetero atom T contained therein is selected from the group consisting of B, Si, Sn, N, 0, S and Se;
  • the hetero atom M represents S or Se. In another embodiment of the polymer of the invention, m is equal to one.
  • At least one of R 2 to R 11 in formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of
  • an alkyl group such as an anthracenyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, a n-octyl group, a n-decyl group, or a n-hexadecyl group;
  • a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl
  • alkenyl group such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, a 2-butenyl group, or a 3-pentenyl group
  • alkynyl group such as propargyl or 3-pentynyl
  • An aryl group such as phenyl, o-nonylphenyl, naphthyl, or anthranyl;
  • an amino group such as amino, mercaptoamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, or diphenylamino;
  • An alkoxy group such as methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy or 2-ethylhexyloxy;
  • - an aryloxy group such as phenoxy, 1-naphthyloxy, or 2- Naphthyloxy;
  • heteroaryloxy group such as pyridyloxy, pyrazolyloxy, pyrimidinyloxy, or quinolinyloxy;
  • acyl group such as acetyl, benzoyl, decanoyl or pivaloyl
  • alkoxycarbonyl group such as a decyloxycarbonyl group or an ethoxycarbonyl group
  • An aryloxycarbonyl group such as a phenoxycarbonyl group
  • acyloxy group such as an acetoxy or benzoyloxy group
  • acylamino group such as an acetylamino group or a benzoylamino group
  • alkoxycarbonylamino group such as a decyloxycarbonylamino group
  • An aryloxycarbonylamino group for example a phenoxycarbonylamino group
  • a sulfonylamino group such as a sulfonylamino group or a benzenesulfonylamino group
  • a sulfamoyl group such as a sulfamoyl group, a methylsulfamoyl group, a dimercaptosulfamoyl group, or a phenylsulfamoyl group;
  • an aminocarbamoyl group such as a carbamoyl group, a decylaminodecanoyl group, a diethylaminodecanoyl group, or a phenylcarbamoyl group;
  • alkylthio group such as mercaptothio or ethylthio
  • An arylthio group such as phenylthio
  • heteroaryl thio groups such as pyridylthio, 2-benzimidazolyl (benzimizolyl) substituting stone g, 11 2-benzo-oxazolyl-ylthio, or 2-benzo yl p plug (benzthiazolylthio) Stone Kedai
  • a sulfonyl group such as methylsulfonyl or toluenesulfonyl
  • a sulfinyl group such as a decanesulfinyl group or a phenylsulfinyl group
  • a ureido group such as a ureido group, a guanylurea group, or a phenylurea group;
  • halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom
  • a heterocyclic group such as a hetero atom, for example, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom
  • a heterocyclic group such as a hetero atom, for example, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom
  • specific examples include imidazolyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, furyl, thienyl, piperidinyl, Morpholino, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, and benzothiazolyl;
  • a silyl group such as a trimethylsilyl group or a triphenylsilyl group.
  • polymer of the invention are, for example:
  • the branched chain conjugated polymer containing a thieno group of the present invention increases the electrical power of the polythiophene
  • the mobility of the charge increases the effective conjugation length of the polythiophene to reduce the energy gap of the polythiophene.
  • This polymer can be used in organic field effect transistors and polymer solar cells.
  • fused aromatic hydrocarbon units into conjugated polymeric materials is an important means to increase charge mobility.
  • the high accumulation of electrons in fused ring units can significantly increase the mobility of polymers.
  • the thiophene unit is introduced into the polymer backbone to give a high mobility field effect material.
  • a fused ring thiophene unit is introduced on the side of the polymer, and this structure increases the electron accumulation of the polymer, thereby increasing the mobility of the system.
  • the conjugated polymer containing thienothiophene ethylene in the branched chain of the present invention not only has the solution processability possessed by common polythiophene materials, but is, for example, soluble in a common organic solvent (phenylbenzene, chloroform or tetrahydrofuran, etc.), suitable for
  • the functional device is prepared by spin coating, and has good thermal stability like ordinary polythiophene and its derivatives, and its decomposition temperature is about 200 ° C, which can meet the requirements of common processing technology.
  • the significance of the present invention is to find a method for modifying polythiophene, which has a better conjugated structure, can broaden absorption, has a lower energy gap, and has a high
  • the electron cloud stacking structure has a high mobility.
  • Such polythiophene ethylene materials are likely to be used in organic field effect transistors, polymer solar cells, and the like.
  • Another subject of the invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device, an organic thermochromic element, an organic field effect transistor, a polymer solar cell, at least one of which comprises the above polymer, as described above.
  • Another subject of the invention relates to the use of the above polymers as described above in organic electroluminescent devices, organic thermochromic elements, organic field effect transistors, polymeric solar cells.
  • the preparation method of the polymer of the present invention is disclosed as follows.
  • the preparation of the polymer of the formula (P) of the present invention is as follows, and the derivative thereof is produced by a known method.
  • a method of preparing a polymer having a polythiophene derivative having a branched conjugated branch containing a divalent thieno group includes the following steps:
  • the organic solvent is extracted, the organic phase is separated, the organic phase is washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue is adsorbed to silica gel, which is separated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the precursor of formula (la);
  • Step 1) The obtained precursor of the formula (la) is dissolved in toluene, and a 2,5-dibromo-thiophene precursor having a molar ratio of 1-m to the precursor of the formula (Ila) is added, and the formula (la) is added.
  • the sum of the precursor and the molar amount of the precursor of the formula (Ila) is equivalent to the 2,5-bistributyltinylthiophene compound of the formula (Ib), which is passed through an inert gas for 10 to 20 minutes, and a catalytic amount of a palladium catalyst is added to continue the passage.
  • the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene in the present invention can be referred to by Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 4925-4932 Preparation.
  • the substituted thiophenes in the present invention can be prepared according to the reference Macromolecules 2004, 37, 3973-3975.
  • aryl group used in the present invention examples include, but are not limited to, a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 1-decyl group, a 2-fluorenyl group, 9-fluorenyl group, 1-phenanthryl group, 2-phenanthryl group, 3-phenanthryl group, 4-phenanthryl group, 9-phenanthryl group, 1-tetraphenyl group , 2-tetraphenyl group, 9-tetraphenyl group, 1-indenyl group, 2-indenyl group, 4-fluorenyl group, 2-biphenyl group, 3- Biphenyl group, 4-biphenyl group, P-terphenyl-4-yl group, P-terphenyl-3-yl group, P-terphenyl-2-yl group, M-terphenyl-4-yl group, m-terphenyl-3-yl group, m-terphen
  • a substituent which is a phenyl group, a phenylene group, a naphthyl group, and a naphthyl group (e.g., phenylnaphthalene).
  • Base group naphthylphenyl group, naphthylnaphthyl group, naphthylnaphthylnaphthyl group, phenylphenylnaphthyl group, naphthylnaphthylphenyl group, naphthylphenylnaphthalene a combination of a radical, a naphthylphenylphenyl group, a phenylnaphthylnaphthyl group, and a phenylnaphthylphenyl group.
  • the substituted or unsubstituted has 6-8 carbon atoms.
  • the group of the aryl group Particularly, a phenyl
  • heteroaryl group used in the present invention examples include, but are not limited to, a 1-pyrrolyl group, a 2-pyrrolyl group, a 3-pyrrolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a 2-pyridyl group. a group, 3-pyridyl group, 4-pyridyl group, 1-fluorenyl group, 2-indenyl group, 3-fluorenyl group, 4-fluorenyl group, 5- Thiol group, 6-fluorenyl group, 7-fluorenyl group, 1-isodecyl group,
  • alkyl group used in the present invention examples include, but are not limited to, a mercapto group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an s-butyl group.
  • cycloalkyl group used in the present invention examples include, but are not limited to, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a 4-fluorenylcyclohexyl group, 1-adamantyl group, 2-adamantyl group, 1 -norbornyl group, 2-norbornene group.
  • alkoxy group used in the present invention examples include, but are not limited to, wherein the alkyl moiety is the same as defined above for the alkyl group, such as a methyloxy group, an ethyloxy group, a propyloxy group.
  • Examples of the aralkyl group used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, a 1-phenylethyl group, a 2-phenylethyl group, a 1-phenylisopropyl group, a 2-phenyl group.
  • heterocyclic group used in the present invention examples include, but are not limited to, thiophene, imidazolyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, furyl, thienyl, piperidinyl, morpholino, benzoxazolyl, benzo Imidazolyl, benzothiophene, benzothiazolyl. Each of these substituents may be additionally substituted.
  • substituents further substituted for each of the groups of the formula (I) used in the present invention include, but are not limited to: an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms) Or particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as anthracenyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl or n-hexadecyl; cycloalkyl a group (preferably having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or particularly preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl); alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl or 3-pentenyl); alky
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the thermogravimetric analysis of three polymers P1, P2 and P3 of Example 3, Example 4 and Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing the absorption of the three polymers P1, P2 and P3 in the film state of Example 3, Example 4 and Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an I-V curve of photovoltaic devices of three polymers P1, P2 and P3 of Example 3, Example 4 and Example 5 of the present invention. detailed description
  • P1 dissolves 1 mmol of 2,5-dibromo-3-((E)-2-(5-hexyl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)thiophene in 15 mL of toluene
  • Add 1 mmol of 2,5-bistributyltinylthiophene pass nitrogen for 10 minutes, add 15 mg of tetrakistriphenylphosphine 4 bar, continue to pass nitrogen for 20 minutes, and react at 120 ° C for 12 hours under nitrogen gas protection.
  • decyl alcohol was added to the system to precipitate, and the precipitate was obtained by filtration.
  • the precipitate was washed with decyl alcohol and n-hexane in a Soxhlet extractor, and the solid residue in the extractor was dissolved in chloroform, and the mixture was decompressed.
  • the polymer P1 was obtained after removing chloroform.
  • thermogravimetric curve of the polymer, the absorption spectrum and the photovoltaic curve in the film state are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively.
  • Example 4 Preparation of Polymer P2
  • the reaction was carried out at 120 ° C for 12 hours, cooled to room temperature, methanol was added to the system for precipitation, and the precipitate was obtained by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and n-hexane in a Soxhlet extractor, followed by chloroform. The solid residue in the extractor was dissolved, and chloroform was removed under reduced pressure to give a polymer P2.
  • thermogravimetric curve of the polymer, the absorption spectrum and the photovoltaic curve in the film state are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively.
  • Example 5 Preparation of Polymer P3
  • thermogravimetric curve of the polymer, the absorption spectrum and the photovoltaic curve in the film state are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively.
  • Example 6 Preparation of Photovoltaic Device Based on Example 4 Polymer P1
  • PEDOT:PSS poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate)
  • ITO conductive glass
  • the Ca metal was evaporated onto the polymer layer to a thickness of 10 nm, and the A1 metal was evaporated onto the Ca metal layer to a thickness of 150 nm.
  • Photovoltaic devices based on the polymers obtained in Example 5 and Example 6 were as above.
  • the IV curves of the photovoltaic devices based on the polymers P1, P2 and P3 of Examples 4, 5 and 6 are shown in Figure 3.
  • the open circuit voltages of these devices are 0.49 V, 0.61 V and 0.62 V, respectively, and the short-circuit currents are 2.89 mA/cm, respectively. 2 , 2.03 mA/cm 2 and 5.30 mA/cm 2 , the energy conversion efficiencies were 0.66%, 0.41% and 1.1 1%, respectively.
  • thermogravimetric analysis of the conjugated polymers containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene ethylene of the present invention indicate the thermal stability of these polymers and the common polythiophene materials. Similarly, its decomposition temperature is around 200 ° C, indicating that this polymer can be used in optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells and field effect transistors.
  • Fig. 2 The absorption spectrum of the branched conjugated polymer containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene ethylene of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen that such a polymer has good absorption in the visible region and the ultraviolet region. They have a narrower energy gap. It is indicated that the introduction of the conjugated branch of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene ethylene can broaden the absorption of the polymer and reduce the band gap.

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Abstract

一种共轭聚合物材料及其制备方法和用途,其包含二价噻吩并基团的共轭支链。所述共聚聚合物具有较高的载体迁移率和较低的能隙,可用于有机电致发光器件、有机热致色变元件、有机场效应晶体管、聚合物太阳能电池等。

Description

说 明 书
支链聚噻吩衍生物及其制备方法和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及共辄聚合物材料, 特别涉及具有含有二价噻吩并基团 的共轭支链的聚噻吩衍生物, 以及该类共轭聚合物的制备方法和用 途。 背景技术
共轭聚合物, 包括噻吩及其衍生物 (PTs)、 聚苯乙浠撑及其衍生物
(PPVs)、 聚对苯撑及其衍生物 (PPPs)以及杂环芳烃的聚合物。 由于具 有一定的光电活性, 所以在光电领域得到了广泛的应用, 尤其是在有 机聚合物太阳能电池和场效应晶体管中有广泛的应用前景。 报导的文 献有(1 ) Liu, J.; Kadnikova, E. N.; Liu, Y.; McGehee, M. D.; Frechet, J. M. J., J. Am. Chem. Soc , 2004, 126: 6550 ~ 655 1; 及 (2) Ong, B. S.; Wu, Y.; Liu, P.; Gardner, S., J. Am. Chem. Soc , 2004, 126: 3378 ~ 3379等。 人们通过修饰噻吩支链等来拓宽其吸收, 通过在主链中引入稠环芳香 单元来提高其空穴迁移率。
例如, Hou等通过将共轭支链噻吩单元引入到体系中, 得到了一 系列宽吸收的聚噻吩衍生物。 经过这种修饰后, 聚合物在可见光区域 的吸收得到明显拓宽, 降低了能隙。 用此种聚合物制得的太阳能电池 的效率明显提高, 报导的文献有(1) Jianhui Hou, Zhan'ao Tan, Yong Yan, Youjun He, Chunhe Yang, and Yongfang Li. J. Am. Chem. Soc" 2006, 128, 491 1 ~ 4916 ; 及 (2) Jianhui Hou, Lijun Huo, Chang He, Chunhe Yang, Yongfang Li , Macromolecules, 2006, 39: 594-603.等。 Martin等人将稠环噻吩单元引入到聚合物主链中, 通过这种修饰提高 了聚合物的电荷载流子迁移率, 用此种聚合物制得的场效应晶体管的 'I "生能得到明显改善( Martin Heeney, Clare Bailey, Kristijonas Genevicius Maxim Shkunov, David Sparrowe, Steve Tierney, and Iain McCulloch. J. Am. Chem. Soc , 2005, 127, 1078 ~ 1079 ) 。
尽管在现有技术提到了一些化合物在光电领域得到了广泛的应 用, 但是仍有需求改善基于光电池(特别地, 在有机场效晶体管和聚
1
确认本 体的光吸收。 发明内容
因此, 本发明提供了一系列如下所述的聚合物, 这些聚合物改善 了基于光电池 (特别地, 在有机场效应晶体管和聚合物太阳能电池) 领域中的球壳状碳分子 (fullerene)的电荷移动和对于给体的光吸收。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种由下式( I )重复单元( recurring unit ) 聚合得到的聚合物, 或由下式(I )和下式 (II ) 重复单元聚合得到的 聚合物, 所述聚合物表示为下式 (P ) :
Figure imgf000004_0001
I \
R8 R9 其中, R1 , 彼此相同或不同, 独立地表示线形、 支链或环状的、 取代 或未取代的、 烯属不饱和基团,
R2至 R11 , 彼此相同或不同, 独立地表示
- 氢原子
- 取代或未取代的烷基, 其具有 1-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的烷氧基, 其具有 1-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳基, 其具有 6-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的环烷基, 其具有 3-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的杂环基, 其具有 5-50碳原子, 基团其中包含的 杂原子 T基团选自元素周期表中 IIIA,IVA,VA或 VIA中的原子; - 取代或未取代的杂芳基基团, 其具有 5-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳烷基基团, 其中芳基部分具有 6-50碳原子, 其中烷基部分具有 1-50碳原子,
芳基烷基基团芳基烷基- 取代或未取代的芳氧基, 其具有 6-50碳 原子,
M, 彼此相同或不同, 独立地代表杂原子, 所述杂原子选自元素 周期表中 IIIA,IVA, VA或 VIA中的原子,
其中, l≥m>0;
其中, 聚合度 n 是 200≥n≥5。
在本发明聚合物一个实施方式中,元素周期表中 ΙΠΑ, IVA, VA或 VIA中的原子选自 B, Si, Sn, N, 0, S 和 Se。
在本发明聚合物另一个实施方式中, 基团 R1, 彼此相同或不同, 独立地代表取代或未取代的共轭烯属不饱和基团,其具有 2-40个碳原 子。
在本发明聚合物另一个实施方式中, 基团 R1,彼此相同或不同, 独立地代表取代或未取代的, 共轭二价烯属不饱和基团, 其选自二价 亚乙烯基基团、 二价亚丁二烯基基团、 二价亚己三烯基基团、 二价亚 辛四烯基基团、 二价亚癸五烯基基团、 二价亚六烯十二碳基基团、 二 价亚七烯十四碳基基团、 二价亚八烯十六碳基基团、 二价亚九烯十八 碳基基团、 二价亚十烯二十碳基基团、 二价亚十烯二十碳基基团、 二 价亚十二烯二十四碳基基团、 二价亚十三烯二十六碳基基团、 二价亚 十四烯二十八碳基基团、 二价亚十五烯三十碳基基团、 二价亚十六烯 三十二碳基基团、 二价亚十七浠三十四碳基基团、 二价亚十八烯基三 十六碳基团、 二价亚十九烯三十八碳基基团和二价亚二十烯四十碳基 基团。
在本发明聚合物的另一个实施方式中, R1 , 彼此相同或不同, 独 立地代表取代或未取代的共轭亚乙烯基, 二价亚丁二烯基基团或二价 亚己三烯基基团。
本发明聚合物的另一个实施方式中, R2至 R11 , 彼此相同或不同, 独立地表示
- 氢原子
- 取代或未取代的烷基, 其具有 1-6碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的烷氧基, 其具有 1-6碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳基, 其具有 6-8碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的环烷基, 其具有 3-8碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的杂环基, 其具有 5-8碳原子, 其中包含的杂原 子 T选自 B, Si, Sn, N, 0, S和 Se;
- 取代或未取代的杂芳基基团, 其具有 5-10碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳烷基基团, 其中芳基部分具有 6-8碳原子, 其中烷基部分具有 1-6碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳氧基, 其具有 6-8碳原子,
在本发明聚合物的另一个实施方式中, 杂原子 M代表 S或 Se。 在本发明聚合物的另一个实施方式中, m等于 1。
在本发明聚合物的另一个实施方式中, 式 (I ) 中 R2至 R11至少 之一选自:
- 烷基基团, 例如曱基, 乙基, 异丙基, 叔-丁基, 正-辛基, 正-癸 基,或正 -十六烷基;
- 环烷基基团, 例如环丙基, 环戊基,或环己基;
- 烯基基团, 例如乙烯基, 烯丙基,2-丁烯基,或 3-戊烯基;
- 炔基基团, 例如炔丙基或 3-戊炔基(pentynyl ) ,
- 芳基基团, 例如苯基, 邻 -曱基苯基, 萘基,或蒽基(anthranyl ) ;
- 氨基基团, 例如氨基, 曱基氨基, 二甲基氨基, 二乙基氨基, 二 苄基氨基, 二苯基氨基,或二曱苯基氨基; - 烷氧基基团, 例如甲氧基, 乙氧基, 丁氧基, 或 2-乙基己氧基 ; - 芳氧基基团, 例如苯氧基, 1-萘氧基, 或 2-萘氧基;
- 杂芳氧基基团, 例如吡啶基氧基, 吡唑基氧基, 嘧啶基氧基,或 喹啉基氧基;
- 酰基基团, 例如乙酰基, 苯曱酰基, 曱酰基,或新戊酰;
- 烷氧基羰基基团, 例如曱氧基羰基或乙氧基羰基;
- 芳氧基羰基基团, 例如苯氧基羰基;
- 酰基氧基基团, 例如乙酰氧基或苯曱酰基氧基;
- 酰基氨基基团, 例如乙酰基氨基或苯甲酰基氨基;
- 烷氧基羰基氨基基团, 例如曱氧基羰基氨基;
- 芳氧基羰基氨基基团, 例如苯氧基羰基氨基;
- 磺酰基氨基基团, 例如曱磺酰基氨基或苯磺酰基氨基;
- 氨磺酰基团 (sulfamoyl ), 例如氨磺酰基, 甲基氨磺酰基, 二曱 基氨磺酰基,或苯基氨磺酰基;
- 氨基曱酰基团 (carbamoyl ) , 例如氨基甲酰基, 曱基氨基曱酰 基, 二乙基氨基曱酰基,或苯基氨基甲酰基;
- 烷基硫代基团, 例如曱基硫代或乙基硫代 ;
- 芳基硫代基团, 例如苯基硫代 ;
- 杂芳基硫代基团, 例如吡啶基硫代, 2-苯并咪唑( benzimizolyl ) 石克代, 2-苯并 11恶唑基硫代,或 2-苯并 p塞唑 ( benzthiazolylthio ) 石克代;
- 磺酰基基团, 例如甲磺酰基或甲苯磺酰基 ;
- 亚硫酰基基团, 例如曱烷亚硫酰基或苯亚硫酰基;
- 脲基基团, 例如脲基, 曱基脲基,或苯基脲基;
- 磷酸酰胺基团;
- 羟基基团;
- 巯基基团;
- 卤素原子, 例如氟原子, 氯原子, 溴原子,或碘原子;
- 氰基基团;
- 磺基(sulfo )基团;
- 羧基基团;
- 硝基基团;
- 异 脾酸基团 ( hydroxamic acid group ) ; - 亚磺基基团;
- 肼基基团;
- 亚氨基基团; 杂环基包含, 如杂原子, 例如, 氮原子, 氧原子,或 硫原子, 具体实例包括咪唑基, 吡啶基, 喹啉基, 呋喃基, 噻吩基, 哌 啶基, 吗啉代, 苯并哺唑基, 苯并咪唑基, 和苯并噻唑基;
- 甲硅烷基基团, 例如三曱基甲硅烷基或三苯基曱硅烷基。
根据本发明的聚合物, 其中它们具有下述结构:
Figure imgf000008_0001
或 PP2 其中, R3' 具有与 R3相同的含义, R7'具有与 R7相同的含义, m,n 和 M 如上所定义。
在本发明聚合物另一实施方式中, 它们例如是:
Figure imgf000008_0002
在本发明聚合物另一实施方式中, 对于 P2, m:n=0.75:0.25; 对于
P3 , m:n=0.25:0.75。
本发明的支链含有噻吩并基团的共轭聚合物提高了聚噻吩的电 荷迁移率, 扩大了聚噻吩的有效共轭长度以降低聚噻吩的能隙。 这种 聚合物可以应用在有机场效应晶体管和聚合物太阳电池中。
在共轭高分子材料中引入稠环芳香烃单元是一个提高电荷迁移 率的重要手段, 稠环单元电子云的高度堆积能明显的提高聚合物的迁 移率。 列如 , Xiao-Chang Li, Henning Sirringhaus, Francis Gamier, Andrew B. Holmes, Stephen C. Moratti, Neil Feeder, William Clegg, Simon J. Teat, and Richard H. Friend. J. Am. Chem. 5Oc. , 1998, 120, 2206 ~ 2207;Martin Heeney, Clare Bailey, Kristijonas Genevicius, Maxim Shkunov, David Sparrowe, Steve Tierney, and Iain McCulloch. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2005, 127, 1078 ~ 1079等都将稠环噻吩单元引入聚合 物主链, 得到了高迁移率的场效应材料。 本发明的支链含有噻吩并噻 吩乙烯的共轭聚合物中, 在聚合物侧连引入稠环噻吩单元, 这种结构 增加了聚合物的电子堆积, 从而提高了体系的迁移率。
本发明的支链含有噻吩并噻吩乙烯的共轭聚合物不仅具有普通 聚噻吩类材料所具备的可溶液加工性能, 例如可溶于常见的有机溶剂 (曱苯、 氯仿或四氢呋喃等)中, 适合用旋涂的方法制备功能型器件, 而且也和普通聚噻吩及其衍生物一样具有良好的热稳定性, 其分解温 度在 200°C左右, 可以满足常见加工工艺的要求。
本发明的意义在于找到了一种对聚噻吩进行修饰的方法, 这种方 法修饰的聚噻吩材料既具有较好的共轭结构, 能拓宽吸收, 具有较低 的能隙, 同时又具备高的电子云堆积结构, 具有较高的迁移率。 这种 聚噻吩乙烯材料在有机场效应晶体管、 聚合物太阳能电池等方面有可 能得到应用。
本发明另一主题涉及有机电致发光器件、 有机热致色变元件、 有 机场效应晶体管、聚合物太阳能电池,其中至少一层包含上述聚合物, 该聚合物如上述内容中所述。
本发明另一主题涉及如上上述聚合物在有机电致发光器件、 有机 热致色变元件、 有机场效应晶体管、 聚合物太阳能电池中的应用。
本发明聚合物的制备方法公开如下。
本发明式 (P ) 聚合物的制备方法如下, 其衍生物通过已知方法 制备。
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
制备具有支链含有二价噻吩并基团共轭支链的聚噻吩衍生物的 聚合物的方法包括下述步骤:
1) 制备具有式 (la ) 的前体
Figure imgf000010_0003
1) 将 1 mol 具有式 (la 1)的噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -5-曱醛和 1.2 mol 具有 (la 2)的 2,5-二溴-噻吩磷酸二乙酯溶解在 Ν,Ν'-二曱基甲酰胺溶剂 中,冰水浴下,加入与式 (la 1)噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -5-甲醛摩尔比为 1-2.5 的曱醇钠, 室温反应 0.5-24小时, 倒入水中, 用有机溶剂萃取, 分出 有机相, 水洗有机相, 用无水硫酸镁干燥, 旋转蒸发除去溶剂, 将残 余物吸附至硅胶, 用硅胶柱层析分离得到式 (la)前体;
2) 制备具有式 (P ) 聚合物
Figure imgf000011_0001
da) (lb)
Figure imgf000011_0002
(P)
2 ) 步骤 1 )得到的式 (la)前体溶于曱苯中, 加入与式 (Ila)前体摩 尔比为 1-m的 2,5-二溴 -噻吩前体, 加入与 式 (la)前体和式 (Ila)前体摩 尔数之和等量的式 (Ib)2,5-双三丁基锡基噻吩化合物,通惰性气体 10 ~ 20分钟, 加入催化量的钯催化剂, 继续通入惰性气体 20 ~ 30分钟, 在惰性气体保护下, 在 80 ~ 120°C反应 12 ~ 24小时; 加入曱醇沉析, 过滤得到沉淀物, 于索氏提取器中依次用曱醇、 正己烷洗涤沉淀物, 再用氯仿溶解提取器中的固体残留物,除去氯仿后得到式 (P)目标聚合 物。
本发明中的噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩可按参考文献 Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 4925-4932 进行制备。 本发明中取代的噻吩可按参考文献 Macromolecules 2004, 37, 3973-3975进行制备。
用于本发明的乙浠基基团二价烯属不饱和基团的实例包括, 但不 限于, 亚乙烯基基团 (-c=c -), 二价亚丁二烯基团(-c=c-c=c -), 二价 亚 己 三 烯基 团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C -), 二价 亚 辛 四 烯基基 团 (_C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-), 二 价 亚 癸 五 烯 基 基 团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-), 二 价 亚 十 二 碳 六 浠 基 基 团
(-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c -), 二价亚 十 四碳七 烯基基 团
(-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-), 二价亚十六碳八烯基基团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-), 二价亚十八碳九烯基基 团(-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c -), 二价亚二十碳十 烯基基团(-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-), 二价 亚 二 十 二 碳 十 一 烯 基 基 团
(-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-), 二价亚 二 十 四 碳 十 二 烯 基 基 团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-), 二 价 亚 二 十 六 碳 十 三 烯 基 基 团
(-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-), 二 价 亚 二 十 八 碳 十 四 烯 基 基 团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C- OC-), 二 价 亚 三 十 碳 十 五 烯 基 基 团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C- C=C-C=C-), 二 价 亚 三 十 二 碳 十 六 烯 基 基 团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C- C=C-C=C-C=C-), 二 价 亚 三 十 四 碳 十 七 浠 基 基 团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C- c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-), 二 价 亚 三 十 六 碳 十 八 烯 基 基 团
(-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C- c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c -), 二价亚三十 八碳十 九烯基基 团 (-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C- c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-c=c-) 二价亚四十碳二十烯基基团
(-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C- C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-C=C-)。
用于本发明的芳基基团的实例包括,但不限于, 苯基基团, 1-萘基 基团, 2-萘基基团, 1-蒽基基团, 2-蒽基基团, 9-蒽基基团, 1 -菲基基团, 2-菲基基团, 3-菲基基团, 4-菲基基团, 9-菲基基团, 1-并四苯基基团, 2- 并四苯基基团, 9-并四苯基基团, 1 -芘基基团, 2-芘基基团, 4-芘基基团, 2-联苯基基团, 3-联苯基基团, 4-联苯基基团, P-三联苯基 -4-基基团, P- 三联苯基 -3-基基团, P-三联苯基 -2-基基团, m-三联苯基 -4-基基团, m- 三联苯基 -3-基基团, m-三联苯基 -2-基基团, 0-甲苯基基团, m-曱苯基基 团, P-曱苯基基团, P-叔-丁基苯基基团, p-(2-苯基丙基)苯基基团, 3-曱 基 -2-萘基基团, 4-甲基 -1-萘基基团, 4-甲基 -1-蒽基基团, 4'-甲基联苯基 基团, 4"_叔 -丁基 _p_三联苯基 _4-基基团, 9,9-二曱基芴 -1-基基团, 9,9-二 曱基芴 -2-基基团, 9,9-二曱基芴 -3-基基团, 9,9-二曱基芴 -4-基基团。 进 一步实例包括取代基, 其是苯基基团, 亚苯基基团, 萘基基团, 和 萘 基团 (例如苯基萘基基团,萘基苯基基团,萘基萘基基团, 萘基萘基萘 基基团, 苯基苯基萘基基团,萘基萘基苯基基团,萘基苯基萘基基团,萘 基苯基苯基基团, 苯基萘基萘基基团,和苯基萘基苯基基团)的组合。 优选源自取代或未取代的具有 6-8个碳原子的芳基基团的基团。 特别 地, 优选苯基, 萘基基团和菲基基团。
用于本发明的杂芳基基团的实例包括, 但不限于, 1-吡咯基基团, 2-吡咯基基团, 3-吡咯基基团, 吡嗪基基团, 2-吡啶基基团, 3-吡啶基基 团, 4-吡啶基基团, 1-吲哚基基团, 2-吲哚基基团, 3-吲哚基基团, 4-吲哚 基基团, 5-吲哚基基团, 6-吲哚基基团, 7-吲哚基基团, 1-异吲哚基基团,
2-异吲哚基基团, 3-异吲哚基基团, 4-异吲哚基基团, 5-异吲哚基基团, 6-异吲哚基基团, 7-异吲哚基基团, 2-呋喃基基团, 3-呋喃基基团, 2- 苯并呋喃基基团, 3-苯并呋喃基基团, 4-苯并呋喃基基团, 5-苯并呋喃 基基团, 6-苯并呋喃基基团, 7-苯并呋喃基基团, 1-异苯并呋喃基基团,
3-异苯并呋喃基基团, 4-异苯并呋喃基基团, 5-异苯并呋喃基基团, 6-异 苯并呋喃基基团, 7-异苯并呋喃基基团, 喹啉基基团, 3-喹啉基基团, 4- 喹啉基基团, 5-喹啉基基团, 6-喹啉基基团, 7-喹啉基基团, 8-喹啉基基 团, 1 -异喹啉基基团, 3-异喹啉基基团, 4-异喹啉基基团, 5-异喹啉基基 团, 6-异喹啉基基团, 7-异喹啉基基团, 8-异喹啉基基团, 2-喹喔啉基基 团, 5-喹喔啉基基团, 6-喹喔啉基基团, 1-咔唑基基团, 2-咔唑基基团, 3- 咔唑基基团, 4-咔唑基基团, 9-咔唑基基团, 1-菲啶基基团, 2-菲啶基基 团, 3-菲啶基基团, 4-菲啶基基团, 6-菲啶基基团, 7-菲啶基基团, 8-菲啶 基基团, 9-菲啶基基团, 10-菲啶基基团, 1 -吖啶基基团, 2-吖啶基基团, 3-吖啶基基团, 4-吖啶基基团, 9-吖啶基基团, 1 ,7-邻二氮杂菲 -2-基基团, 1 ,7-邻二氮杂菲 -3-基基团, 1,7-邻二氮杂菲 -4-基基团, 1,7-邻二氮杂菲 -5-基基团, 1,7-邻二氮杂菲 -6-基基团, 1,7-邻二氮杂菲 -8-基基团, 1,7-邻 二氮杂菲 -9-基基团, 1,7-邻二氮杂菲 -10-基基团, 1,8-邻二氮杂菲 -2-基 基团, 1 ,8-邻二氮杂菲 -3-基基团, 1,8-邻二氮杂菲 -4-基基团, 1,8-邻二氮 杂菲 -5-基基团, 1,8-邻二氮杂菲 -6-基基团, 1,8-邻二氮杂菲 -7-基基团, 1 ,8-邻二氮杂菲 -9-基基团, 1 ,8-邻二氮杂菲 -10-基基团, 1 ,9-邻二氮杂菲 -2-基基团, 1,9-邻二氮杂菲 -3-基基团, 1 ,9-邻二氮杂菲 -4-基基团, 1 ,9-邻 二氮杂菲 -5-基基团, 1,9-邻二氮杂菲 -6-基基团, 1,9-邻二氮杂菲 -7-基基 团, 1 ,9-邻二氮杂菲 -8-基基团, 1,9-邻二氮杂菲 -10-基基团, 1,10-邻二氮 杂菲 -2-基基团, 1,10-邻二氮杂菲 -3-基基团, 1, 10-邻二氮杂菲 -4-基基 团, 1, 10-邻二氮杂菲 -5-基基团, 2,9-邻二氮杂菲 -1 -基基团, 2,9-邻二氮 杂菲 -3-基基团, 2,9-邻二氮杂菲 -4-基基团, 2,9-邻二氮杂菲 -5-基基团, 2,9-邻二氮杂菲 -6-基基团, 2,9-邻二氮杂菲 -7-基基团, 2,9-邻二氮杂菲 -8-基基团, 2,9-邻二氮杂菲 -10-基基团, 2,8-邻二氮杂菲 -1-基基团, 2,8- 邻二氮杂菲 -3-基基团, 2,8-邻二氮杂菲 -4-基基团, 2,8-邻二氮杂菲 -5-基 基团, 2,8-邻二氮杂菲 -6-基基团, 2,8-邻二氮杂菲 -7-基基团, 2,8-邻二氮 杂菲 -9-基基团, 2,8-邻二氮杂菲 -10-基基团, 2,7-邻二氮杂菲 -1 -基基团, 2,7-邻二氮杂菲 -3-基基团, 2,7-邻二氮杂菲 -4-基基团, 2,7-邻二氮杂菲 -5-基基团, 2,7-邻二氮杂菲 -6-基基团, 2,7-邻二氮杂菲 -8-基基团, 2,7-邻 二氮杂菲 -9-基基团, 2,7-邻二氮杂菲 -10-基基团, 1-吩嗪基基团, 2-吩嗪 基基团, 1-吩噻嗪基基团, 2-吩噻嗪基基团, 3-吩噻嗪基基团, 4-吩噻嗪 基基团, 10-吩噻嗪基基团, 1-吩 嗪基基团, 2-吩 嗪基基团, 3-吩 嗪 基基团, 4-吩11恶嗪基基团, 10-吩"恶 基基团, 2-"恶唑基基团, 4--恶唑基基 团, 5-"恶唑基基团, 2-"恶二唑基团, 5-恶二唑基团, 3-呋咕基基团, 2-噻吩 基基团, 3-噻吩基基团, 2-曱基吡咯 -1 -基基团, 2-曱基吡咯 -3-基基团, 2- 曱基吡咯 -4-基基团, 2-曱基吡咯 -5-基基团, 3-曱基吡咯 -1-基基团, 3-曱 基吡咯 -2-基基团, 3-甲基吡咯 -4-基基团, 3-甲基吡咯 -5-基基团, 2-叔- 丁基吡咯 -4-基基团, 3-(2-苯基丙基)吡咯 -1-基基团, 2-曱基 -1 -吲哚基基 团, 4-曱基 -1 -吲哚基基团, 2-曱基 -3-吲哚基基团, 4-曱基 -3-吲哚基基团, 2-叔 -丁基 -1 -吲哚基基团, 4-t-丁基 -1-吲哚基基团, 2-叔 -丁基 -3-吲哚基 基团, 4-t-丁基 -3-吲哚基基团。
用于本发明的烷基基团的实例包括, 但不限于, 曱基基团, 乙基 基团,丙基基团, 异丙基基团, n-丁基基团, s-丁基基团, 异丁基基团, 叔 -丁基基团, n-戊基基团, n-己基基团, n-庚基基团, 正 -辛基基团, 羟 基曱基基团, 1 -羟基乙基基团, 2-羟基乙基基团, 2-羟基异丁基基团, 1, 2-二羟基乙基基团, 1 ,3-二羟基异丙基基团, 2,3-二羟基-叔 -丁基基团, 1 ,2,3-三羟基丙基基团, 氯曱基基团, 1-氯乙基基团, 2-氯乙基基团, 2- 氯异丁基基团, 1,2-二氯乙基基团, 1,3-二氯异丙基基团, 2,3-二氯-叔- 丁基基团, 1,2,3-三氯丙基基团, 溴甲基基团, 1-溴乙基基团, 2-溴乙基 基团, 2-溴异丁基基团, 1 ,2-二溴乙基基团, 1,3-二溴异丙基基团, 2,3-二 溴-叔 -丁基基团, 1 ,2,3-三溴丙基基团, 碘曱基基团, 1 - 乙基基团, 2- 碘乙基基团, 2-碘异丁基基团, 1 ,2-二碘乙基基团, 1,3-二碘异丙基基团, 2,3-二碘-叔 -丁基基团, 1,2,3-三碘丙基基团, 氨基曱基基团, 1-氨基乙 基基团, 2-氨基乙基基团, 2-氨基异丁基基团, 1,2-二氨基乙基基团, 1 ,3-二氨基异丙基基团, 2,3-二氨基-叔 -丁基基团, 1 ,2,3-三氨基丙基基 团, 氰基甲基基团, 1-氰基乙基基团, 2-氰基乙基基团, 2-氰基异丁基基 团, 1,2-二氰基乙基基团, 1 ,3-二氰基异丙基基团, 2,3-二氰基-叔 -丁基 基团, 1,2,3-三氰基丙基基团, 硝基曱基基团, 1 -硝基乙基基团, 2-硝基 乙基基团, 2-硝基异丁基基团, 1,2-二硝基乙基基团, 1,3-二硝基异丙基 基团, 2,3-二硝基 -叔-丁基基团, 1,2,3-三硝基丙基基团。
用于本发明的环烷基基团的实例包括,但不限于,环丙基基团, 环 丁基基团, 环戊基基团, 环己基基团, 4-曱基环己基基团, 1-金刚烷基 基团, 2-金刚烷基基团, 1 -降冰片基(norbornyl )基团, 2-降冰片基基 团。
用于本发明的烷氧基基团的实例包括, 但不限于, 其中烷基部分 与上述烷基定义相同, 如甲基氧基基团, 乙基氧基基团, 丙基氧基基 团, 异丙基氧基基团, n-丁基氧基基团, s-丁基氧基基团, 异丁基氧基 基团, 叔-丁基氧基基团, n-戊基氧基基团, n-己氧基基团, n-庚基氧基 基团, 正-辛基氧基基团, 羟基甲基氧基基团, 1 -羟基乙基氧基基团, 2- 羟基乙基氧基基团, 2-羟基异丁基氧基基团, 1, 2-二羟基乙基氧基基团, 1,3-二羟基异丙基氧基基团, 2,3-二羟基-叔-丁基氧基基团, 1,2,3-三羟 基丙基氧基基团, 氯曱基氧基基团, 1-氯乙基氧基基团, 2-氯乙基氧基 基团, 2-氯异丁基氧基基团, 1,2-二氯乙基氧基基团, 1 ,3-二氯异丙基氧 基基团, 2,3-二氯-叔-丁基氧基基团, 1,2,3-三氯丙基氧基基团, 溴曱基 氧基基团, 1-溴乙基氧基基团, 2-溴乙基氧基基团, 2-溴异丁基氧基基 团, 1,2-二溴乙基氧基基团, 1,3-二溴异丙基氧基基团, 2,3-二溴-叔-丁 基氧基基团, 1,2,3-三溴丙基氧基基团, 碘曱基氧基基团, 1-碘乙基氧 基基团, 2-碘乙基氧基基团, 2-碘异丁基氧基基团, 1,2-二碘乙基氧基基 团, 1,3-二碘异丙基氧基基团, 2,3-二碘-叔-丁基氧基基团, 1,2,3-三碘丙 基氧基基团, 氨基曱基氧基基团, 1-氨基乙基氧基基团, 2-氨基乙基氧 基基团, 2-氨基异丁基氧基基团, 1,2-二氨基乙基氧基基团, 1,3-二氨基 异丙基氧基基团, 2,3-二氨基-叔-丁基氧基基团, 1,2,3-三氨基丙基氧基 基团, 氰基曱基氧基基团, 1-氰基乙基氧基基团, 2-氰基乙基氧基基团, 2-氰基异丁基氧基基团, 1,2-二氰基乙基氧基基团, 1,3-二氰基异丙基 氧基基团, 2,3-二氰基-叔-丁基氧基基团, 1,2,3-三氰基丙基氧基基团, 硝基曱基氧基基团, 1-硝基乙基氧基基团, 2-硝基乙基氧基基团, 2-硝 基异丁基氧基基团, 1,2-二硝基乙基氧基基团, 1,3-二硝基异丙基氧基 基团, 2,3-二硝基-叔 -丁基氧基基团, 1,2,3-三硝基丙基氧基基团。
用于本发明的芳烷基基团的实例包括, 但不限于, 1-苯基乙基基 团, 2-苯基乙基基团, 1-苯基异丙基基团, 2-苯基异丙基基团, 苯基-叔- 丁基基团, α-萘基曱基基团, l-α-萘基乙基基团, 2-α-萘基乙基基团, μα -萘基异丙基基团, 2-α-萘基异丙基基团, β-萘基曱基基团, l-β-萘基 乙基基团, 2-β-茶基乙基基团, l-β-萘基异丙基基团, 2-β-萘基异丙基基 团, 1-吡咯基曱基基团, 2-(1-吡咯基)乙基基团, Ρ-曱基苄基基团, m-曱 基苄基基团, 0-甲基苄基基团, P-氯苄基基团, m-氯苄基基团, 0-氯苄基 基团, P-溴苄基基团, m-溴苄基基团, 0-溴苄基基团, P-碘苄基基团, m- 碘苄基基团, 0-碘苄基基团, P-羟基苄基基团, m-羟基苄基基团, 0-羟基 苄基基团, P-氨基苄基基团, m-氨基苄基基团, 0-氨基苄基基团, P-硝基 苄基基团, m-硝基苄基基团, 0-硝基苄基基团, P-氰基苄基基团, m-氰 基苄基基团, 0-氰基苄基基团, 1-羟基 -2-苯基异丙基基团, 1-氯 -2-苯基 异丙基基团。
用于本发明的芳氧基基团的实例包括,但不限于, 苯氧基基团, 1- 萘氧基基团, 2-萘氧基基团, 1-蒽基氧基基团, 2-蒽基氧基基团, 9-蒽基 氧基基团, 1 -菲基氧基基团, 2-菲基氧基基团, 3-菲基氧基基团, 4-菲基 氧基基团, 9-菲基氧基基团, 1-并四苯氧基基团, 2-并四苯氧基基团, 9- 并四苯氧基基团, 1-芘基氧基基团, 2-芘基氧基基团, 4-芘基氧基基团, 2-联苯氧基基团, 3-联苯基基氧基基团, 4-联苯氧基基团, P-三联苯基 -4-基氧基基团, P-三联苯基 -3-基氧基基团, P-三联苯基 -2-基氧基基团, m-三联苯基 -4-基氧基基团, m-三联苯基 -3-基氧基基团, m-三联苯基 -2- 基氧基基团, 0-曱苯氧基基团, m-曱苯氧基基团, P-曱苯氧基基团, P-叔 -丁基苯氧基基团, p-(2-苯基丙基)苯氧基基团, 3-曱基 -2-萘氧基基团, 4-曱基 -1-萘氧基基团, 4-曱基 -1-蒽基氧基基团, 4'-曱基联苯氧基基团, 4"-叔 -丁基 三联苯基 -4-基氧基基团, 9,9-二曱基芴 -1-基氧基基团, 9,9-二甲基芴 -2-基氧基基团, 9,9-二曱基芴 -3-基氧基基团, 9,9-二曱基 芴 -4-基氧基基团。
用于本发明的杂环基的实例包括, 但不限于, 噻吩, 咪唑基, 吡 啶基, 喹啉基, 呋喃基, 噻吩基, 哌啶基, 吗啉代, 苯并喝唑基, 苯并 咪唑基, 苯并噻吩, 苯并噻唑基。 这些取代基每一种可以被另外取代。
用于本发明的进一步取代通式( I )中每一种基团的取代基实例包 括,但不限于: 烷基基团 (优选具有 1-30个碳原子, 更优选 1-20个碳 原子, 或特别优选 1-10个碳原子, 例如曱基, 乙基, 异丙基, 叔-丁基, 正-辛基, 正-癸基,或正-十六烷基); 环烷基基团 (优选具有 3-30 个碳 原子, 更优选 3-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 3-10个碳原子, 例如环丙 基, 环戊基或环己基); 烯基基团 (优选具有 2-30 个碳原子, 更优选 2-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 2-10个碳原子, 例如乙烯基, 烯丙基, 2- 丁烯基或 3-戊烯基); 炔基基团 (优选具有 2-30个碳原子,更优选 2-20 个碳原子, 或特别优选 2-10个碳原子, 例如炔丙基或 3-戊炔基), 芳 基基团 (优选具有 6-30个碳原子, 更优选 6-20个碳原子, 或特别优 选 6-12个碳原子, 例如苯基, P-曱基苯基, 萘基, 或蒽基); 氨基基团 (优选具有 0-30个碳原子, 更优选 0-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 0-10 个碳原子, 例如氨基, 曱基氨基, 二曱基氨基, 二乙基氨基, 二苄基氨 基, 二苯基氨基或二甲苯基氨基); 烷氧基基团 (优选具有 1-30个碳原 子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-10个碳原子, 例如甲氧基, 乙氧基, 丁氧基或者 2-乙基己氧基) ; 芳氧基基团 (优选具有 6-30个 碳原子, 更优选 6-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 6-12个碳原子, 例如苯 氧基, 1-萘氧基,或 2-萘氧基); 杂芳氧基基团 (优选具有 1-30 个碳原 子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12个碳原子, 例如吡啶基 氧基, 吡唑基( pyrazyl )氧基, 嘧啶基氧基,或喹啉基氧基); 酰基基团 (优选具有 1-30个碳原子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12 个碳原子, 例如乙酰基, 苯曱酰基, 甲酰基,或新戊酰); 烷氧基羰基基 团 (优选具有 2-30个碳原子,更优选 2-20个碳原子,或特别优选 2-12 个碳原子, 例如曱氧基羰基或乙氧基羰基); 芳氧基羰基基团 (优选具 有 7-30个碳原子,更优选 7-20个碳原子,或特别优选 7-12个碳原子, 例如苯氧基羰基); 酰基氧基基团 (优选具有 2-30 个碳原子, 更优选 2-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 2-10个碳原子, 例如乙酰氧基或苯曱酰 基氧基); 酰基氨基基团 (优选具有 2-30个碳原子, 更优选 2-20个碳 原子, 或特别优选 2-10个碳原子, 例如乙酰基氨基或苯曱酰基氨基); 烷氧基羰基氨基基团 (优选具有 2-30个碳原子, 更优选 2-20个碳原 子, 或特别优选 2-12 个碳原子, 例如甲氧基羰基氨基); 芳氧基羰基 氨基基团 (优选具有 7-30个碳原子, 更优选 7-20个碳原子, 或特别 优选 7-12个碳原子, 例如苯氧基羰基氨基) ; 磺酰基氨基基团 (优选 具有 1-30个碳原子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12个碳原 子, 例如甲磺酰基氨基或苯磺酰基氨基); 氨磺酰基团(sulfamoyl) (优 选具有 0-30个碳原子, 更优选 0-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 0-12个碳 原子, 例如氨磺酰基, 曱基氨磺酰基, 二甲基氨磺酰基,或苯基氨磺酰 基); 氨基曱酰基团 (优选具有 1-30个碳原子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12个碳原子, 例如氨基甲酰基, 曱基氨基甲酰基, 二乙 基氨基曱酰基,或苯基氨基曱酰基); 垸基硫代基团 (优选具有 1-30个 碳原子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12个碳原子, 例如曱 基硫代或乙基硫代) ; 芳基硫代基团 (优选具有 6-30个碳原子, 更优 选 6-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 6-12个碳原子, 例如苯基硫代); 杂芳 基硫代基团 (优选具有 1-30个碳原子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特 别优选 1-12个碳原子,例如吡啶基硫代, 2-苯并咪唑基( benzimizolyl ) 硫代, 2-苯并 11恶唑基硫代,或 2-苯并噻唑基硫代); 磺酰基基团 (优选具 有 1 -30个碳原子,更优选 1-20个碳原子,或特别优选 1-12个碳原子, 例如曱磺酰基或曱苯磺酰基) ; 亚硫酰基基团 (优选具有 1-30个碳原 子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12个碳原子, 例如曱烷亚 硫酰基或苯亚硫酰基); 脲基基团 (优选具有 1-30 个碳原子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12个碳原子, 例如脲基, 曱基脲基,或 苯基脲基); 磷酸酰胺基团 (优选具有 1-30个碳原子, 更优选 1-20个 碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12个碳原子, 例如二乙基磷酸酰胺或苯基磷酸 酰胺) ; 羟基基团; 巯基基团; 卤素原子 (例如氟原子, 氯原子, 溴原 子,或碘原子); 氰基基团; 磺基(sulfo )基团; 羧基基团; 硝基基团; 异 羟肟酸基团; 亚磺基(sulfino )基团; 肼基基团; 亚氨基基团; 杂环基 (优选具有 1-30个碳原子, 更优选 1-20个碳原子, 或特别优选 1-12 个碳原子, 例如氮原子, 氧原子,或硫原子, 具体实例包括咪唑基, 吡 啶基, 喹啉基, 呋喃基, 噻吩基, 哌啶基, 吗啉代, 苯并喝唑基, 苯并 咪唑基, 苯并噻唑基); 曱硅烷基基团 (优选具有 3-40个碳原子, 更优 选 3-30个碳原子, 或特别优选 3-24个碳原子, 例如三曱基曱硅烷基 或三苯基甲硅烷基)。 这些取代基每一种可以被另外取代。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例 3、 实施例 4和实施例 5的三种聚合物 Pl、 P2和 P3的热失重分析。
图 2为本发明实施例 3、 实施例 4和实施例 5的三种聚合物 Pl、 P2和 P3在薄膜状态下的吸收光语。
图 3为本发明实施例 3、 实施例 4和实施例 5的三种聚合物 Pl、 P2和 P3的光伏器件的 I-V曲线。 具体实施方式
下述实施例用于解释本发明, 但不能被考虑为限定本发明。
实施例 1. 制备 2,5-二溴 -3-((E)-2-(5-己基-噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -2-基) 乙烯基)噻吩
将 0.1 mol 2-己基-噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -5-曱醛和 0.12 mol 2,5-二溴- 噻吩 -3-亚曱基-磷酸二乙酯溶解 200mL Ν,Ν'-二曱基曱酰胺中,冰水浴 下, 加入 6.5 g曱醇钠, 室温反应 2小时, 倒入水中, 用三氯曱烷萃 取, 无水硫酸镁干燥有机相, 旋转蒸发除去溶剂, 将残余物吸附至硅 胶, 用石油醚做淋洗剂过硅胶柱层析分离得到 2,5-二溴 -3-((E)-2-(5-己 基-噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -2-基)乙烯基)噻吩 (3 g), 产率: 61%。
^-NMR (CDC13, 400MHz) δ (ppm) 7.16(s, 1H), 7.14(s, IH) 7.06-7.01 (d, IH), 6.90(s, IH), 6.75-6.71 (d, 1H), 2.86(t, 2H), 1.74(t, 2H), 1.30-1.42(m, 6H), 0.90(t, 3H). M/z = 492. 实施例 2. 制备 2,5-二溴 -3-己基噻吩
将 0.050 mol 3-己基噻吩溶于 200 ml三氯曱烷和乙酸(1 : 1)的溶液 中, 加入 0.1 1 mol的 N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺, 室温搅拌 16小时, 倒入水中, 用三氯甲烷萃取,旋转除去溶剂,将残余物吸油泵减压蒸馏,得到 2,5- 二溴 -3-己基噻吩(13.8 g), 产率: 85%。
^-NMR (δ, CDC13): 7.01 (s, IH), 2.60 (t, 2H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 6H), 0.95 (t, 3H)。 实施例 3.制备聚合物 PI
Figure imgf000020_0001
P1 将 1 mmol 2,5-二溴 -3-((E)-2-(5-己基-噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -2-基)乙烯 基)噻吩溶于 15 mL的甲苯中, 加入 1 mmol 2,5-双三丁基锡基噻吩, 通氮气 10分钟, 加入 15 mg 四三苯基膦 4巴, 继续通氮气 20分钟, 在 氮气体保护下, 在 120°C反应 12小时, 冷至室温, 向体系中加入曱醇 沉析, 过滤得到沉淀物, 于索氏提取器中依次用曱醇、 正己烷洗涤沉 淀物, 再用氯仿溶解提取器中的固体残留物, 减压除去氯仿后得到聚 合物 Pl。
GPC: w = 113 K; η = 23 Κ; M Mn = 4.91. ^-NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz) δ (ppm) 7.16-6.54 (br, 7H), 2.83 (t, 2H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.34 (m, 6H), 0.90 (t, 3H). 元素分析 计算: C, 64.08%; H, 4.85%; S, 31.07%. Found: C, 62.93%; H, 4.65%; S, 30.03%.
此聚合物的热失重曲线、 膜状态下的吸收光谱和光伏曲线分别见 图 1、 图 2和图 3所示。 实施例 4. 制备聚合物 P2
Figure imgf000021_0001
P2 ( m:n=0.75:0.25 )
将 0.75 mmol 2,5-二溴 -3-((E)-2-(5-己基-噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -2-基)乙 烯基)噻吩和 0.25 mmol 2,5-二溴 -3-己基噻吩溶于 15 mL的曱苯中,加入 1 mmol 2,5-双三丁基锡基噻吩, 通氮气 10分钟, 加入 15 mg 四三苯基 膦钯, 继续通氮气 20分钟, 在氮气体保护下, 在 120°C反应 12小时, 冷至室温, 向体系中加入甲醇沉析, 过滤得到沉淀物, 于索氏提取器 中依次用甲醇、 正己烷洗涤沉淀物, 再用氯仿溶解提取器中的固体残 留物, 减压除去氯仿后得到聚合物 P2。
GPC: w = 36 K; Μη = 17K; M Mn = 2.12. !H-NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz) δ (ppm) 7.19-6.80 (br, 8H), 6.66(s, 2H), 2.83 (t, 4H), 1.72-1.65(m, 4H), 1.34 (m, 12H), 0.90 (t, 6H). 元素分析. 计算: C, 65.85%; H, 5.49%; S, 9.26%. Found: C, 64.78%; H, 5.01%; S, 28.58%.
此聚合物的热失重曲线、 膜状态下的吸收光谱和光伏曲线分别见 图 1、 图 2和图 3所示。 实施例 5. 制备聚合物 P3
P3
P3 ( m:n=0.25:0.75 )
将 0.25 mmol 2,5-二溴 -3-((E)-2-(5-己基-噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -2-基) 乙婦基)噻吩和 0.75 mmol 2,5-二溴 -3-己基噻吩溶于 15 mL的甲苯中, 加入 1 mmol 2,5-双三丁基锡基噻吩, 通氮气 10分钟, 加入 15 mg 四 三苯基膦钯, 继续通氮气 20 分钟, 在氮气体保护下, 在 120°C反应 12小时, 冷至室温, 向体系中加入曱醇沉析, 过滤得到沉淀物, 于索 氏提取器中依次用曱醇、 正己烷洗涤沉淀物, 再用氯仿溶解提取器中 的固体残留物, 减压除去氯仿后得到聚合物 P3。
GPC: w = 20 K; Μη = 15 Κ; M Mn = 1.31. !H-NMR (CDC13, 400
MHz) δ (ppm) 7.22-6.78 (br, 10H), 2.93-2.70 (br, 4H), 1.66 (m, 4H), 1.34 (m, 12H), 0.88 (t, 6H). 元素分析. 计算: C, 67.44%; H, 6.05%; S, 27.67%. Found: C, 63.64%; H, 4.82%; S, 27.43%.
此聚合物的热失重曲线、 膜状态下的吸收光谱和光伏曲线分别见 图 1、 图 2和图 3所示。 实施例 6.制备基于实施例 4聚合物 P1的光伏器件
在经清洗处理过的导电玻璃 (ITO)基质上甩一层 30 nm厚的聚 (3,4- 乙烯基二氧噻吩) /聚 (苯乙烯磺酸盐) (PEDOT:PSS)。 将实施例 6得到的 聚合物 P1和 1-(3-曱氧基羰基) -丙基 -1,1 ,-苯基 -(6,6)-碳七十一) (PCBM) 按重量比 1 : 1, 按 10 mg/mL 的浓度溶于氯苯中, 旋转涂膜在 PEDOT:PSS上面用作活性层, 厚度为 100 nm, 80°C加热半小时。 将 Ca金属蒸镀到聚合物层上面, 厚度为 10 nm, 将 A1金属蒸镀到 Ca金 属层上面, 厚度为 150 nm。 制备基于实施例 5和实施例 6得到的聚合物的光伏器件同上。
基于实施例 4、 5和 6的聚合物 Pl、 P2和 P3的光伏器件的 I-V 曲线见图 3 , 这些器件的开路电压分别为 0.49 V、 0.61 V和 0.62 V, 短路电流分别为 2.89 mA/cm2、 2.03 mA/cm2和 5.30 mA/cm2, 能量转 换效率分别为 0.66%、 0.41%和 1.1 1%。
热稳定性分析
本发明的支链含有噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩乙烯的共轭聚合物的热失重 分析结果 (见图 1)表明, 这几种聚合物的热稳定性和常见的聚噻吩类 材料很相似, 其分解温度在 200°C左右, 说明此种聚合物可以用于有 机太阳能电池和场效应晶体管等光电器件中。
光谱分析
本发明的支链含有噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩乙烯的共轭聚合物的吸收光 谱如图 2所示, 可以看到这类聚合物在可见区和紫外区都有很好的吸 收, 它们具有较窄的能隙。 说明引入噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩乙烯共轭支链 能够拓宽聚合物的吸收, 降低带隙。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 由下式 (I) 重复单元聚合得到的聚合物, 或由下式 (I) 和下 式 (II) 重复单元共聚得到的聚合物, 所述聚合物表示为下式 (P) :
Figure imgf000024_0001
Figure imgf000024_0002
Figure imgf000024_0003
(II) 其中, R1, 彼此相同或不同, 独立地表示线形、 支链或环状的、 取代 或未取代的、 烯属不饱和基团,
R2至 R11, 彼此相同或不同, 独立地表示 - 氢原子
- 取代或未取代的烷基, 其具有 1-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的烷氧基, 其具有 1-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳基, 其具有 6-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的环烷基, 其具有 3-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的杂环基, 其具有 5-50碳原子, 其中包含的杂原 子 T基团选自元素周期表中 IIIA,IVA, VA或 VIA中的原子;
- 取代或未取代的杂芳基基团, 其具有 5-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳烷基基团, 其中芳基部分具有 6-50碳原子, 其中烷基部分具有 1-50碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳氧基, 其具有 6-50碳原子,
M, 彼此相同或不同, 独立地代表杂原子, 所述杂原子选自元素 周期表中 ΙΠΑ, IVA, VA或 VIA中的原子,
其中, l≥m>0;
其中, 聚合度 n 是 200≥n≥5。
2. 根据权利要求 1的聚合物, 其中元素周期表中 IIIA, IVA, VA 或 VIA中的原子选自 B, Si, Sn, N, 0, S 和 Se。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2的聚合物,其中基团 R1, 彼此相同或不同, 独立地代表取代或未取代的共轭烯属不饱和基团,其具有 2-40个碳原 子。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的聚合物, 其中基团 R1,彼此相 同或不同, 独立地代表取代或未取代的, 共轭二价基团, 其选自二价 亚乙烯基基团、 二价亚丁二烯基基团、 二价亚己三烯基基团、 二价亚 辛四烯基基团、 二价亚癸五烯基基团、 二价亚六烯十二碳基基团、 二 价亚七烯十四碳基基团、 二价亚八浠十六碳基基团、 二价亚九烯十八 碳基基团、 二价亚十烯二十碳基基团、 二价亚十烯二十碳基基团、 二 价亚十二烯二十四碳基基团、 二价亚十三烯二十六碳基基团、 二价亚 十四烯二十八碳基基团、 二价亚十五浠三十碳基基团、 二价亚十六烯 三十二碳基基团、 二价亚十七烯三十四碳基基团、 二价亚十八烯基三 十六碳基团、 二价亚十九烯三十八碳基基团和二价亚二十烯四十碳基 基团。
5. 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的聚合物, 其中 R1 , 彼此相同或 不同, 独立地代表取代或未取代的共轭亚乙烯基, 二价亚丁二浠基基 团或二价亚己三烯基基团。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5任一项所述的聚合物, 其中 R2至 R1 1 , 彼此 相同或不同, 独立地表示
- 氢原子
- 取代或未取代的烷基, 其具有 1-6碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的烷氧基, 其具有 1-6碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳基, 其具有 6-8碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的环烷基, 其具有 3-8碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的杂环基, 其具有 5-8碳原子, 其中包含的杂原 子 T选自 B, Si, Sn, N, O, S和 Se;
- 取代或未取代的杂芳基基团, 其具有 5-10碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳烷基基团, 其中芳基部分具有 6-8碳原子, 其中烷基部分具有 1-6碳原子,
- 取代或未取代的芳氧基, 其具有 6-8碳原子。
7. 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述的聚合物,其中杂原子 M代表 S 或 Se。
8. 根据权利要求 1-7任一项所述的聚合物, 其中 m等于 1。
9. 根据权利要求 1-8任一项所述的聚合物, 其中式 (I ) 中 R2至 R1 1至少之一选自:
- 烷基基团, 例如曱基, 乙基, 异丙基, 叔-丁基, 正-辛基, 正-癸 基,或正 -十六坑基;
- 环烷基基团, 例如环丙基, 环戊基,或环己基;
- 烯基基团, 例如乙烯基, 烯丙基,2-丁烯基,或 3-戊烯基;
- 炔基基团, 例如炔丙基或 3-戊炔基,
- 芳基基团, 例如苯基, 邻 -曱基苯基, 萘基,或蒽基;
- 氨基基团, 例如氨基, 曱基氨基, 二甲基氨基, 二乙基氨基, 二 苄基氨基, 二苯基氨基,或二曱苯基氨基;
- 烷氧基基团, 例如曱氧基, 乙氧基, 丁氧基,或 2-乙基己氧基 ;
- 芳氧基基团, 例如苯氧基, 1-萘氧基,或 2-萘氧基;
- 杂芳氧基基团, 例如吡啶基氧基, 吡唑基氧基, 嘧啶基氧基,或 喹啉基氧基; - 酰基基团, 例如乙酰基, 苯曱酰基, 曱酰基,或新戊酰;
- 烷氧基羰基基团, 例如曱氧基羰基或乙氧基羰基;
- 芳氧基羰基基团, 例如苯氧基羰基;
- 酰基氧基基团, 例如乙酰氧基或苯曱酰基氧基;
- 酰基氨基基团, 例如乙酰基氨基或苯曱酰基氨基;
- 烷氧基羰基氨基基团, 例如曱氧基羰基氨基;
- 芳氧基羰基氨基基团, 例如苯氧基羰基氨基;
- 磺酰基氨基基团, 例如甲磺酰基氨基或苯磺酰基氨基;
- 氨磺酰基团, 例如氨磺酰基, 曱基氨磺酰基, 二甲基氨磺醜基, 或苯基氨磺酰基;
- 氨基甲酰基团, 例如氨基甲酰基, 甲基氨基曱酰基, 二乙基氨 基曱酰基,或苯基氨基曱酰基;
- 烷基硫代基团, 例如曱基硫代或乙基硫代 ;
- 芳基硫代基团, 例如苯基硫代 ;
- 杂芳基硫代基团, 例如吡啶基硫代, 2-苯并咪唑硫代, 2-苯并^ 唑基硫代,或 2-苯并噻唑硫代;
- 磺酰基基团, 例如曱磺酰基或曱苯磺酰基 ;
- 亚硫酰基基团, 例如甲烷亚硫酰基或苯亚硫酰基;
- 脲基基团, 例如脲基, 曱基脲基,或苯基脲基;
- 磷酸酰胺基团;
- 羟基基团
- 巯基基团
- 卤素原子, 例如氟原子, 氯原子, 溴原子,或碘原子;
- 氰基基团
- 磺基基团
- 羧基基团
- 硝基基团
- 异羟肟酸基团;
- 亚磺基基团;
- 肼基基团;
- 亚氨基基团; 杂环基包含, 如杂原子, 例如, 氮原子, 氧原子,或 硫原子, 具体实例包括咪唑基, 吡啶基, 喹啉基, 呋喃基, 噻吩基, 哌 啶基, 吗啉代, 苯并^唑基, 苯并咪唑基, 和苯并噻唑基;
- 曱硅烷基基团, 例如三曱基甲硅烷基或三苯基甲硅烷基。
10. 根据权利要求 1-9任一项所述的聚合物, 其中它们具有下述 结构:
Figure imgf000028_0001
或 PP2 其中, R3'具有与前述权利要求任一项所述 R3相同的含义, R7'具有与 前述权利要求任一项所述 R7相同的含义, m, n 和 M如前述权利要求 任一项所定义。
1 1. 根据权利要求 1-10任一项所述的聚合物, 其中它们是:
Figure imgf000028_0002
其中, 对于 P2, m:n=0.75:0.25; 对于 P3, m:n=0.25:0.75。
12. 用于制备根据权利要求任一项所述的聚合物的方法, 包括下 述步骤:
1) 将式 (la 1)的噻吩并 [3,2-b]噻吩 -5-曱醛化合物和式 (la 2)的 2,5- 二溴-噻吩磷酸二乙酯化合物反应得到式 (la)前体; 甲醇钠
Figure imgf000029_0001
(la 2 )
da)
2) 将步骤 1 )得到的式 (la)前体、 式 (IIa)2,5-二溴-噻吩前体和式 (Ib)2,5-汉三丁基锡基噻吩化合物反应, 得到式 (P)聚合物
Figure imgf000029_0002
(la) (Ha)
(lb)
Figure imgf000029_0003
其中, R1至 Ru,m,n 和 M 的定义如前述任一项权利要求所述。
13. 权利要求 1-1 1任一项所述聚合物在有机电致发光器件、 有机 热致色变元件、 有机场效应晶体管、 聚合物太阳能电池中的应用。
14. 有机电致发光器件、 有机热致色变元件、 有机场效应晶体管 或聚合物太阳能电池, 其包含权利要求 1-1 1任一项所述聚合物。
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