WO2012043672A1 - ポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜、浄水器用カートリッジ及び中空糸膜モジュール - Google Patents
ポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜、浄水器用カートリッジ及び中空糸膜モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012043672A1 WO2012043672A1 PCT/JP2011/072267 JP2011072267W WO2012043672A1 WO 2012043672 A1 WO2012043672 A1 WO 2012043672A1 JP 2011072267 W JP2011072267 W JP 2011072267W WO 2012043672 A1 WO2012043672 A1 WO 2012043672A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/261—Polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/031—Two or more types of hollow fibres within one bundle or within one potting or tube-sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/002—Organic membrane manufacture from melts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
- B01D67/00933—Chemical modification by addition of a layer chemically bonded to the membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/262—Polypropylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/38—Polyalkenylalcohols; Polyalkenylesters; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylaldehydes; Polyalkenylketones; Polyalkenylacetals; Polyalkenylketals
- B01D71/381—Polyvinylalcohol
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/247—Discontinuous hollow structure or microporous structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/44—Cartridge types
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/02—Hydrophilization
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0281—Fibril, or microfibril structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
- B01D2325/02834—Pore size more than 0.1 and up to 1 µm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/24—Mechanical properties, e.g. strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/28—Degradation or stability over time
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/30—Chemical resistance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/34—Molecular weight or degree of polymerisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/34—Molecular weight or degree of polymerisation
- B01D2325/341—At least two polymers of same structure but different molecular weight
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/006—Cartridges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane, and a water purifier cartridge and a hollow fiber membrane module comprising the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane.
- Polyethylene porous hollow fiber membranes are widely used as separation and selective permeation of various substances, separators and the like.
- a method for producing a polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane for example, a method is known in which high-density polyethylene is spun while applying an appropriate draft, and then subjected to heat treatment and stretching to obtain a porous hollow fiber membrane.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 high-density polyethylene having a melt flow rate (MFRD) measured in accordance with JIS K7210 code D of 0.1 to 1 g / 10 minutes is used, and spinning is performed while applying an appropriate draft.
- MFRD melt flow rate
- a method of performing heat treatment and stretching after obtaining a yarn having excellent orientation is known (Patent Document 4).
- annealing treatment is performed to form a lamellar laminated crystal (stacked lamellar) in the film wall of the shaped product.
- a porous hollow fiber membrane is obtained in which the lamella laminated crystals are grown while the stacked lamellas are separated. Since the hollow fiber membrane has the specific porous structure as described above, it has excellent mechanical strength. Furthermore, it is excellent in that no solvent is used in the production process.
- porous hollow fiber membrane having a homogeneous structure as described above, in order to increase the water permeability, it is conceivable to make the porous hollow fiber membrane thinner.
- the mechanical strength of the porous hollow fiber membrane is insufficient, and sufficient pressure resistance cannot be maintained particularly when the porosity is increased.
- the mechanical strength of the porous hollow fiber membrane is increased, but the water permeability is decreased.
- the present invention comprises a polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane that is formed of a resin composition having excellent moldability, retains excellent rigidity, has a large water permeability, and has excellent filtration characteristics, and the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane. It aims at provision of the cartridge for water purifiers, and a hollow fiber membrane module.
- the present invention employs the following configuration in order to solve the above problems.
- Polyethylene porous hollow having an average pore size of 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m and a pore size distribution in the region of ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m from the average pore size of 70% or more of the total pore size distribution Yarn membrane.
- the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane according to [1] which is formed of a resin composition containing polyethylene that satisfies the following requirements (a) to (d).
- (A) The melt flow rate (MFRD) measured according to JIS K7210 code D is 0.1 to 0.9 g / 10 min.
- the melt flow rate (MFRG) measured in accordance with JIS K7210 code G is 50 to 100 g / 10 min.
- a water purifier cartridge comprising the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane according to any one of [1] to [7].
- a hollow fiber membrane module comprising the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane according to any one of [1] to [7].
- the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is formed of a resin composition having excellent moldability, maintains excellent rigidity, has a large amount of water permeability, and is excellent in filtration characteristics. Moreover, this invention provides the cartridge for water purifiers and hollow fiber membrane module which comprise the said polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present hollow fiber membrane”) is a resin composition containing polyethylene that satisfies the following requirements (a) to (d) (hereinafter “the present resin composition”). It is a porous hollow fiber membrane formed by.
- (A) Melt flow rate (hereinafter referred to as “MFRD”) measured in accordance with JIS K7210 code D (measurement temperature: 190 ° C., load: 2.16 kg) is 0.1 to 0.9 g / 10 min. It is.
- the melt flow rate (hereinafter referred to as “MFRG”) measured according to JIS K7210 code G (measurement temperature: 190 ° C., load: 21.6 kg) is 50 to 100 g / 10 min.
- the ratio FRR (G / D) ( MFRG / MFRD) of the MFRD and the MFRG is 50-100.
- the density is 0.962 to 0.968 g / cm 3 .
- the melt viscosity is not too high and the molding range capable of improving the crystal orientation is increased. Moreover, it is applicable also to the field
- the MFRG of polyethylene is 50 g / 10 min or more, excellent high-speed moldability can be obtained.
- the MFRG of polyethylene is 100 g / 10 min or less, good environmental stress crack resistance (hereinafter referred to as “ESCR”) can be obtained.
- high-speed moldability is the same conditions, lower the extruder load, how far the discharge speed can be increased, and how much the molding temperature can be lowered within the same range of the extruder load, It is a characteristic evaluated by judging.
- the MFRG of polyethylene is preferably 60 to 90 g / 10 minutes.
- the ratio FRR (G / D) of MFRG and MFRD of polyethylene generally has a correlation with the molecular weight distribution, and tends to increase as the molecular weight distribution becomes wider.
- the FRR (G / D) of polyethylene is 50 or more, the load on the extruder during molding does not become too high, and the high-speed moldability is excellent. Also, excellent stress crack resistance is obtained. If the FRR (G / D) of polyethylene is 100 or less, this hollow fiber membrane having high impact strength can be obtained.
- the FRR (G / D) of polyethylene is preferably 60-80.
- the density of polyethylene is 0.962 g / cm 2 or more, the amount of low crystal components is small, the porosity is increased, and sufficient transmission performance is obtained. If the density of polyethylene is 0.968 g / cm 3 or less, ESCR of 20 hours or more is maintained. The density is measured by a method based on JIS K7112 (ASTM D1505).
- the ratio Mw / Mn between the weight average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as “Mw”) and the number average molecular weight (hereinafter referred to as “Mn”) of polyethylene is preferably 8.0 to 12.0.
- Mw / Mn is 8.0 or more, the ESCR is improved by increasing the amount of the high molecular weight component. If Mw / Mn is 12.0 or less, low molecular weight components such as wax are reduced, and it is easy to suppress dissolution of the low molecular weight components in water in drinking water applications such as water purifiers and waterworks. Moreover, the rigidity of this hollow fiber membrane improves because molecular weight distribution becomes narrow.
- the polyethylene ratio Mw / Mn is calculated from measurement by high-temperature gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter referred to as “high-temperature GPC”).
- High-temperature GPC refers to GPC that performs measurement in a state in which a sample is heated and dissolved.
- the ratio Mw / Mn is calculated using a calibration curve created using polystyrene as a standard sample in the measurement by high temperature GPC. Examples of the measuring apparatus include trade names “150-GPC”, “Alliance GPCV 2000” (manufactured by Waters).
- the amount of a component having a molecular weight of 1000 or less (hereinafter referred to as “FL”) in polyethylene is preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by mass, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 is more preferable, and 0.3 to 0.7 is particularly preferable.
- FL is a so-called low molecular weight component among polyethylene components. If it is 0.1 mass% or more, it contributes to an improvement in a softness
- the amount of a component having a molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more in polyethylene is preferably 1.5 to 3.0% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the total copolymer constituting the polyethylene, To 3.0 is more preferable, and 2.5 to 3.0 is particularly preferable. If the FH is 1.5% by mass or more, the amount of the high molecular weight component increases, so that long-term characteristics such as stress crack resistance and ESCR are improved. When FH is 3% by mass or less, sufficient fluidity can be easily obtained at the time of molding, so that an unmelted gel is hardly generated, and a non-porous portion contrary to the intention at the time of stretching is hardly generated.
- FL and FH are obtained from the same high temperature GPC as the ratio Mw / Mn described above. That is, in the molecular weight distribution chart obtained by measurement by high temperature GPC, FL is obtained from the ratio of the area of the molecular weight portion of 1000 or less to the area of the entire molecular weight distribution. Similarly, FH is calculated
- the ESCR (environmental stress crack resistance) of polyethylene is preferably 10 to 50 hours, more preferably 15 to 40 hours, and particularly preferably 15 to 30 hours.
- the ESCR is 10 hours or longer, the present hollow fiber membrane that is difficult to break even when stress is applied can be obtained. Further, when the porous structure (stretching) is performed so that cracks are generated between the crystal components during production, the hollow fiber membrane is hardly broken. If the ESCR is 50 hours or less, the density is improved and the crystallinity is also improved, so that the openability is improved and good pores are formed.
- the ESCR of polyethylene is measured by a constant strain environmental stress crack test according to JIS K6760. ESCR is the time when the probability of occurrence of cracks due to environmental stress is 50%.
- polyethylene having a short number of short branched chains is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of pore opening properties.
- the MFRD, MFRG, and molecular weight of polyethylene can be adjusted, for example, by using a molecular weight regulator such as hydrogen during the production of polyethylene.
- a molecular weight regulator such as hydrogen during the production of polyethylene.
- commercially available polyethylene products include trade names “H6670B” and “H6430BM” (above, manufactured by SCG Chemical).
- the resin composition is preferably a composition containing polyethylene as a main component.
- the composition mainly composed of polyethylene is a composition having a polyethylene content of 50% by mass or more.
- the polyethylene content in the polyethylene-based composition is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 100% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the resin composition.
- Examples of other polymer components other than polyethylene contained in the resin composition include other olefinic monomers such as polypropylene.
- this resin composition contains other polymer components other than polyethylene, MFRD, MFRG, FRR (G / D), density, Mw / Mn, ESCR, FL and FH in all polymers containing them are It is preferable to be within the range.
- additives examples include an antioxidant, a lubricant, and a nucleating agent that increases the crystallization speed and improves the moldability.
- examples of the antioxidant include hindered phenolic antioxidants such as trade names “IRGANOX1076” and “IRGANOX1010” (manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals).
- examples of the lubricant include calcium stearate and magnesium stearate. The amount of lubricant added is preferably 800 ppm or less, more preferably 600 ppm or less, and even more preferably 300 ppm or less.
- examples of the nucleating agent include pigments such as titanium oxide.
- examples of the additive include an antistatic agent, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antifogging agent, and an organic peroxide.
- filler examples include talc, silica, carbon, mica, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and wood powder. Moreover, you may add a titanium oxide and an organic pigment with a masterbatch as needed.
- the hollow fiber membrane may be a hollow fiber membrane formed by a single membrane or a composite hollow fiber membrane formed by a composite membrane in which a plurality of membranes are laminated.
- the thickness of the hollow fiber membrane is not particularly limited, but the hollow fiber membrane outer diameter is preferably 100 to 2000 ⁇ m. If the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 100 ⁇ m or more, a gap between the hollow fiber membranes can be easily obtained at the time of manufacturing a hollow fiber membrane module or the like, and a potting resin can easily enter between the hollow fiber membranes. If the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 2000 ⁇ m or less, the size of the entire module can be reduced even when a hollow fiber membrane module using a large number of hollow fiber membranes is manufactured. As a result, the volume of the potting process portion is also reduced, and it is easy to suppress a decrease in dimensional accuracy due to the shrinkage of the potting resin during the potting process.
- the porosity of the hollow fiber membrane is preferably 30 to 80% by volume with respect to 100% by volume of the entire hollow fiber membrane. If the porosity is 30% by volume or more, the amount of water permeability tends to increase, and excellent filtration characteristics can be easily obtained. When the porosity is 80% by volume or less, mechanical strength such as pressure resistance is improved.
- the size of the pores of the present hollow fiber membrane is not particularly limited as long as sufficient filtration characteristics and mechanical strength are satisfied.
- the membrane surface is preferably hydrophilized with a hydrophilic polymer.
- the hydrophilic copolymer is a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer mixture containing 20 mol% or more of ethylene and 10 mol% or more of a hydrophilic monomer.
- the hydrophilic copolymer may be any type of copolymer such as a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer.
- the ethylene content in the hydrophilic copolymer is 20 mol% or more, the affinity of the hydrophilic copolymer for the hollow fiber membrane is increased, and the hydrophilic copolymer can be sufficiently coated. Therefore, the membrane surface of the present hollow fiber membrane can be sufficiently hydrophilized.
- hydrophilic monomer examples include vinyl compounds such as vinyl alcohol, (meth) acrylic acid and salts thereof, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylic ester, vinyl pyrrolidone, and acrylamide. Of these, vinyl alcohol is particularly preferable. Only 1 type may be used for a hydrophilic monomer and it may use 2 or more types together.
- the hydrophilic copolymer may contain a third component other than ethylene and the hydrophilic monomer.
- the third component include vinyl acetate, (meth) acrylic acid ester, vinyl alcohol fatty acid ester, vinyl alcohol formalized product or butyral product.
- the coating amount of the hydrophilic copolymer is preferably 3 to 30% by mass and more preferably 7 to 15% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the present hollow fiber membrane.
- the coating amount of the hydrophilic copolymer is 3% by mass or more, the affinity of the hollow fiber membrane with water is improved and the water permeability is improved. If the coating amount of the hydrophilic copolymer is 30% by mass or less, it is easy to suppress the pores of the hollow fiber membrane from being blocked by the hydrophilic copolymer, and the water permeability is improved.
- the distribution is narrow. Specifically, if the average pore size ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m is 70% or more, not only the fractionation performance becomes sharp, but also the existence ratio of very small pore sizes that do not contribute to the water permeability decreases, so the entire membrane is filtered. There is an effect of reducing resistance, and as a result, water permeability is improved.
- the average pore diameter of ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m is less than 70% of the entire pore diameter distribution, that is, the ratio of the ultrafine pore diameter is 15% or more of the whole, thereby increasing the filtration resistance of the entire membrane, thereby increasing the water permeability. Decreases.
- the hollow fiber membrane can be produced, for example, by a method having the following spinning process, stretching process and permanent hydrophilization process.
- Spinning step A step of spinning the resin composition to obtain an unstretched hollow fiber membrane precursor.
- Stretching step A step of stretching a hollow fiber membrane precursor and making it porous to obtain a porous hollow fiber membrane.
- Permanent hydrophilic step A step of imparting permanent hydrophilicity to the membrane surface of the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the resin composition is extruded from the nozzle base, and cooled and solidified in an unstretched state while appropriately adjusting the extrusion speed and the winding speed. To do. Thereby, an unstretched hollow fiber membrane precursor is obtained.
- the discharge temperature of the resin composition is not less than the melting point of the polymer used such as polyethylene, and is preferably 10 to 100 ° C. higher than the melting point.
- the discharged material is preferably taken up at a take-up speed of 0.1 to 3 m / sec in an atmosphere of 10 to 40 ° C.
- the unstretched hollow fiber membrane precursor obtained by melt spinning is subjected to a constant length heat treatment (annealing treatment) at a temperature equal to or lower than the melting point before stretching.
- the constant-length heat treatment is preferably performed at 105 to 120 ° C. for 8 to 16 hours. If the temperature is 105 ° C. or higher, this hollow fiber membrane with good quality can be easily obtained. If temperature is 120 degrees C or less, sufficient elongation will be easy to be obtained, stability at the time of extending
- the stretching is preferably two-stage stretching in which hot stretching is performed subsequent to cold stretching or multi-stage stretching in which hot stretching is divided into two or more multi-stages following cold stretching. Furthermore, in order to obtain the dimensional stability of the porous hollow fiber membrane obtained by the stretching, heat setting is performed in a state where the porous hollow fiber membrane is slightly relaxed under a constant length or within a range of 40% or less. Do.
- the stretching is preferably slow stretching.
- Cold drawing is a process of causing microcracking by causing structural breakdown of the film at a relatively low temperature.
- the temperature of cold drawing is in the range from 0 ° C. to a temperature lower than the melting point of the polymer used by 50 ° C. or more (for example, 0 to 80 ° C. when the polymer in the resin composition is only polyethylene). It is preferable to carry out at a low temperature. When cold drawing is performed at a temperature exceeding the above range, the occurrence of microcracking is reduced and the pores may be reduced.
- Hot stretching is a process in which micro cracks generated by cold stretching are expanded to form pores.
- the heat stretching is preferably performed at a relatively high temperature, but is performed at a temperature not exceeding the melting point of the polymer used.
- the heat draw ratio may be appropriately selected depending on the target pore diameter, and is preferably 3 to 7 times the length of the hollow fiber membrane precursor before drawing from the viewpoint of process stability.
- the heat stretching is a multi-stage stretching of two or more stages. By setting it as multistage stretching, it becomes easy to form a pore, suppressing that a thread diameter becomes too thin at the time of extending
- the heat setting temperature is preferably not less than the stretching temperature and not more than the melting temperature.
- Permanent hydrophilization process As a method for coating the hydrophilic copolymer, for example, after immersing the hollow fiber membrane in a solution in which the hydrophilic copolymer is dissolved in a solvent (hereinafter referred to as “copolymer solution”), The method of drying is mentioned.
- the method of immersing the hollow fiber membrane in the copolymer solution may be a method of immersing twice or more in the copolymer solution of the same concentration, and immersing twice or more using solutions having different concentrations. The method of performing may be sufficient.
- a water-miscible organic solvent is preferable.
- the water-miscible organic solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, N-propanol and isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide and the like. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These solvents are preferably mixed with water from the viewpoint of improving the solubility of the hydrophilic copolymer.
- the boiling point is low because of the ease of creating a vapor-containing atmosphere of the solvent, that is, the low vapor pressure of the solvent and the low toxicity to the human body.
- a mixed solvent of alcohol for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.
- the mixing ratio of the water-miscible organic solvent and water may be in a range that does not decrease the water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane and does not excessively decrease the solubility of the hydrophilic copolymer. Specifically, although it varies depending on the type of hydrophilic copolymer used, when ethanol is used as the organic solvent, the ethanol / water ratio is preferably 90/10 to 30/70 (volume%).
- the content of the hydrophilic copolymer in the copolymer solution is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and 0.5 to 5% by mass with respect to 100% by mass as the total of the solvent and the hydrophilic copolymer. More preferred.
- the content of the hydrophilic copolymer is 0.1% by mass or more, it becomes easy to uniformly coat the hydrophilic copolymer on the hollow fiber membrane. If the content of the hydrophilic copolymer is 10% by mass or less, it is easy to suppress the viscosity of the copolymer solution from becoming too large, and the pores of the hollow fiber membrane are blocked with the hydrophilic copolymer. It is easy to suppress that.
- the immersion treatment time varies depending on the film thickness, pore diameter, and porosity of the hollow fiber membrane to be immersed, but is preferably in the range of several seconds to several minutes.
- the organic solvent vapor is contained in an amount of 3% by volume or more, and the temperature is within the range from room temperature to the boiling point of the solvent.
- a setting process for allowing the hollow fiber membrane to stay for at least 30 seconds is performed.
- the purpose of the treatment is (1) to prevent pore clogging by forming a hydrophilic copolymer film on the surface of the nodule portion of the microfibril and stack lamella constituting the hollow fiber membrane.
- drying treatment of the hollow fiber membrane after the setting treatment examples include known drying methods such as vacuum drying and hot air drying.
- the drying temperature may be a temperature range in which the hollow fiber membrane is not deformed by heat.
- the drying temperature is preferably 120 ° C. or less, particularly preferably 40 to 70 ° C.
- this hollow fiber membrane is not limited to the above-mentioned method.
- a method that does not perform the permanent hydrophilization step may be used.
- the cartridge for water purifier of this invention is a module which comprises this hollow fiber membrane mentioned above.
- the cartridge for water purifier of the present invention has the same form as a known cartridge for water purifier, except that this hollow fiber membrane is used.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention is a module comprising the above-described hollow fiber membrane.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention has the same form as a known hollow fiber membrane module, except that this hollow fiber membrane is used.
- a hollow fiber membrane module of a known form in which several hundreds of the present hollow fiber membranes are bundled and inserted into a cylindrical housing and the composite hollow fiber membranes are sealed with a sealing material (potting resin). .
- MFR Melt flow rate
- the ratio Mw / Mn of polyethylene was calculated by obtaining Mw and Mn from calibration curves obtained by measurement by GPC (high temperature GPC) under the following conditions.
- the calibration curve was calculated in a third order by measuring a standard sample of polystyrene and using a polyethylene conversion constant (0.48). The columns used were the following three columns connected in series.
- Measurement condition Measuring device: “150-GPC” (manufactured by Waters) Column: “Shodex GPC AT-807 / S” (manufactured by Showa Denko) (1), “Tosoh TSK-GEL GMH6-HT” (manufactured by Tosoh) (2) Solvent: 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Column temperature: 140 ° C Sample concentration: 0.05% by mass (injection amount: 500 ⁇ L) Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min Sample dissolution temperature: 160 ° C. Sample dissolution time: 2.5 hours
- Mw and Mn of each component such as a low molecular weight component and a high molecular weight component are approximated by a Gaussian distribution, and The blending ratio of these components was calculated.
- the component amount (FL) (unit: mass%) having a molecular weight of 1000 or less and the component amount (FH) (unit: mass%) having a molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more are calculated by measuring the molecular weight distribution by high-temperature GPC under the following conditions. did. That is, in the molecular weight distribution chart obtained by measurement by high-temperature GPC under the following conditions, the ratio of the area of the molecular weight portion of 1000 or less, or the ratio of the area of the molecular weight portion of 1 million or more to the total area of the molecular weight distribution, FL and FH were calculated.
- the columns used were the following three columns connected in series.
- Measurement condition Measuring device: “Alliance GPCV 2000” (manufactured by Waters) Column: “AT-807S” (manufactured by Showa Denko) (1), “GMHHR-H (S) HT” (manufactured by Tosoh) (2) Solvent: 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Column temperature: 140 ° C Sample concentration: 20 mg / solvent 10 mL Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min Sample dissolution temperature: 140 ° C. Sample dissolution time: 1 hour
- ESCR environmental stress crack resistance, unit: time
- ESCR environment stress crack resistance, unit: time
- test solution a 10% by mass aqueous solution of “Igepal CO-630” (manufactured by Rhodia Nikka Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the time when the probability of occurrence of cracks due to environmental stress was 50% was measured and used as the ESCR value.
- the coating amount W (unit: mass%) of the hydrophilic copolymer was calculated according to the following formula.
- W (XY) / Y ⁇ 100
- X is the dry membrane mass (unit: g) after the hydrophilization treatment
- Y is the dry mass (unit: g) of the hollow fiber membrane before the treatment.
- the amount of water permeation (unit: m 3 / m 2 ⁇ hour ⁇ MPa) of the obtained hollow fiber membrane is such that the hollow fiber membranes are bundled in a U shape and the ends of the hollow fiber membranes are solidified with urethane resin, and the effective membrane area A hollow fiber membrane module of 70 to 90 cm 2 was produced, and ion exchange water was filtered at a differential pressure of 0.1 MPa, and the water permeability at that time was measured.
- the obtained hollow fiber membranes are bundled in a U shape, and the ends of the hollow fiber membranes are solidified with urethane resin to produce a hollow fiber membrane module having an effective membrane area of about 50 m 2.
- the sample was immersed in ethanol having a concentration of 95% or more so that the portion of was completely immersed. After suctioning 100 mL or more of ethanol from inside the hollow fiber membrane so that the porous inside of the hollow fiber membrane is sufficiently wetted with ethanol, nitrogen is fed into the hollow fiber membrane while being immersed, in increments of 1 kPa every 10 seconds. The air pressure was increased.
- Bubbles were generated from almost the entire surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and the nitrogen pressure when the interval between the bubbles was within 1 mm was taken as the bubble point (BP).
- the relationship between the bubble point P (pressure) and the average pore diameter is as represented by the following formula.
- P 2 ⁇ cos ⁇ / r
- ⁇ is the surface tension of ethanol
- ⁇ is the contact angle between ethanol and the hollow fiber membrane
- r is the average pore radius.
- the porosity (unit: volume%) was measured using a mercury porosimeter 221 type (manufactured by Carlo Elba).
- the pore size distribution and the average pore size of the hollow fiber membranes are fluorine based on the PMI palm porosimeter PMI palm porometer CFP-1200AE (porous material automatic pore size distribution measuring system) based on the bubble point method (ASTM F316-86).
- the measurement was carried out using Surfactant Fluorinert FC-72 (manufactured by 3M) as a measurement solvent.
- the pore diameter ( ⁇ m) of the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane and the ratio (%) in the pore diameter distribution are shown in FIG. Further, an average pore diameter range of ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m that most influenced the flow rate was calculated by integration from the measured pore diameter distribution.
- the average flow pore size was measured with a Palm Porometer CFP-1200AE (a porous material automatic pore size distribution measuring system) manufactured by PMI in accordance with ASTM F316-86.
- the pore size variation is measured by a PMI palm porometer CFP-1200AE (porous material automatic pore size distribution measurement system) according to ASTM F316-86, and the cumulative flow rate is 100%.
- the chart had one shoulder peak at around 1 million molecular weight and around 5000 molecular weight. 1) Mn: 1.99 ⁇ 10 4 Mw: 1.09 ⁇ 10 5 Mixing ratio: 88% 2) Mn: 2.76 ⁇ 10 3 Mw: 5.25 ⁇ 10 3 Mixing ratio: 6% 3) Mn: 7.52 ⁇ 10 5 Mw: 9.74 ⁇ 10 5 Mixing ratio: 6%
- melt spinning was performed at a discharge temperature of 170 ° C. and a winding speed of 70 m / min using a hollow fiber manufacturing nozzle in which annular discharge ports were arranged concentrically. Further, the yarn was wound around the yarn discharged from the nozzle while uniformly flowing cooling air at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a wind speed of 0.5 m / sec to obtain an unstretched composite hollow fiber membrane precursor.
- the obtained unstretched composite hollow fiber membrane precursor was annealed by being placed in air at 115 ° C. for 16 hours while being wound around a bobbin.
- the composite hollow fiber membrane precursor after the annealing treatment was cold-stretched 1.5 times between rollers kept at 30 ° C., and subsequently the maximum stretch amount was 6.0 in a heating furnace heated to 117 ° C.
- the film is stretched between rollers so as to be doubled, and further relaxed by 20% in a heating furnace heated to 118 ° C., so that the total stretch ratio at the time of winding (the ratio relative to the unstretched composite hollow fiber membrane precursor) ) was multiplied by 5 to obtain a polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane.
- the hollow fiber membrane was raised at an angle of 90 ° in an atmosphere having an ethanol vapor concentration of 40% by volume and 60 ° C., and was allowed to stay for 80 seconds, so that the hydrophilic polymer was also applied to the pore inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane. Uniformly adhered. Thereafter, the solvent was removed by drying with hot air at 70 ° C. The adhesion rate of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer after drying was 10.5% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the hollow fiber membrane.
- the chart had one shoulder peak at around 1 million molecular weight and around 5000 molecular weight.
- Mn 2.81 ⁇ 10 3 Mw: 6.57 ⁇ 10 3 Mixing ratio: 9%
- Mn 2.24 ⁇ 10 4 Mw: 1.15 ⁇ 10 5 Mixing ratio: 84%
- Mn 4.68 ⁇ 10 5 Mw: 9.40 ⁇ 10 5 Mixing ratio: 7%
- a polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane hollow fiber membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the resin composition was used and the winding speed in melt spinning was 40 m / min. Moreover, the permanent hydrophilization process similar to Example 1 was performed. The adhesion rate of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer was 10.5% by mass relative to 100% by mass of the hollow fiber membrane.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane and the inner surface of the micropore were uniformly covered with a thin film of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. It was. Moreover, the bubble point which shows the hole diameter of a film
- the porosity was 73.8% by volume.
- a fluorosurfactant Fluorinert FC-72 manufactured by 3M
- PMI palm porosimeter manufactured by PMI as a measuring solvent
- the film had a sharp pore size distribution such that the ratio was 87.3%.
- An unstretched composite hollow fiber membrane precursor was obtained by melt spinning as in Example 1 except that the resin composition was used and the discharge temperature was 180 ° C.
- Stretching process The obtained unstretched composite hollow fiber membrane precursor was annealed by being placed in air at 115 ° C. for 16 hours while being wound around a bobbin.
- the hollow fiber membrane after the annealing treatment is cold-drawn 1.5 times between rollers kept at 30 ° C., and then the maximum drawing amount is 6.0 times in a heating furnace heated to 117 ° C.
- Examples 1 and 2 which are the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membranes of the present invention, the water permeability was large and the filtration characteristics were excellent. Further, the resin composition used had sufficient fluidity and excellent moldability. Further, since the amount of the low molecular weight component is not increased in order to improve moldability, excellent rigidity is maintained. Further, the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 2 had a higher porosity than the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 1, had a large water permeability, and was excellent in filtration characteristics.
- the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane of Comparative Example 1 using polyethylene whose density is too low has a remarkably low water permeability and inferior filtration characteristics.
- Example 1 which is the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention
- the average pore diameter is 0.3123
- the ratio of the average pore diameter in the pore diameter range of ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m to the total pore diameter distribution is as high as 85.5%. Results are shown.
- Example 2 which is the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention
- the average pore diameter is 0.3155
- the ratio of the average pore diameter within the pore diameter range of ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m to the total pore diameter distribution is 87.3%. And showed high results.
- the polyethylene porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention is excellent in filtration characteristics and membrane strength, it can be suitably used for filtration of a wide variety of liquids to be treated.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年9月29日に、日本に出願された特願2010-218043号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、ポリエチレンとして、JIS K7210のコードDに準拠して測定したメルトフローレート(MFRD)が0.1~1g/10分の高密度ポリエチレンを用い、適切なドラフトをかけながら紡糸することで、液晶の配向性に優れる糸を得た後、熱処理と延伸を行う方法が知られている(特許文献4)。すなわち、特定の紡糸条件でポリエチレンを賦形した後に、アニール処理を施して、賦形物の膜壁内にラメラ積層結晶(スタックドラメラ)を形成させる。次いで、前記賦形物を延伸することで、スタックドラメラ間を剥離させるとともに、ラメラ積層結晶間を結ぶフィブリルを成長させた多孔質中空糸膜が得られる。前記中空糸膜は、前記のような特定の多孔質構造を有しているため、機械的強度に優れている。さらに、その製造過程で溶剤を使用しない点で優れている。
[1]平均孔径が0.1~0.5μmであって、かつ、孔径分布が、前記平均孔径から±0.05μmの領域における孔径分布が全孔径分布の70%以上であるポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
[2]下記(a)~(d)の要件を満たすポリエチレンを含む樹脂組成物により形成された[1]に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
(a)JIS K7210のコードDに準拠して測定したメルトフローレート(MFRD)が0.1~0.9g/10分である。
(b)JIS K7210のコードGに準拠して測定したメルトフローレート(MFRG)が50~100g/10分である。
(c)前記MFRDと前記MFRGとの比FRR(G/D)(=MFRG/MFRD)が50~100である。
(d)密度が0.962~0.968g/cm3である。
[3]前記ポリエチレンにおける質量平均分子量Mwと数平均分子量Mnの比率Mw/Mnが8.0~12.0である、前記[1]又は[2]に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
[4]前記ポリエチレンのJIS K6760に準拠して測定した耐環境応力亀裂性が10~50時間である、前記[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
[5]前記ポリエチレンにおける分子量1000以下の成分量が2.0質量%以下で、かつ分子量100万以上の成分量が1.5~3.0質量%である、前記[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
[6]中空糸膜の内表面及び外表面が親水性共重合体で親水化処理された、前記[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
[7]前記親水性共重合体が、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体である、前記[6]に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
[8]前記[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜を具備する、浄水器用カートリッジ。
[9]前記[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜を具備する、中空糸膜モジュール。
[10]平均流量孔径が0.1~0.5μmであって、かつ、開孔径ばらつきが100%以下である[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
また、本発明は、前記ポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜を具備する浄水器用カートリッジ及び中空糸膜モジュールを提供する。
本発明のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜(以下、「本中空糸膜」という。)は、下記(a)~(d)の要件を満たすポリエチレンを含む樹脂組成物(以下、「本樹脂組成物」という。)により形成された多孔質中空糸膜である。
(a)JIS K7210のコードD(測定温度:190℃、荷重:2.16kg)に準拠して測定したメルトフローレート(以下、「MFRD」という。)が0.1~0.9g/10分である。
(b)JIS K7210のコードG(測定温度:190℃、荷重:21.6kg)に準拠して測定したメルトフローレート(以下、「MFRG」という。)が50~100g/10分である。
(c)前記MFRDと前記MFRGとの比FRR(G/D)(=MFRG/MFRD)が50~100である。
(d)密度が0.962~0.968g/cm3である。
ポリエチレンのMFRGは、60~90g/10分が好ましい。
ポリエチレンのFRR(G/D)が50以上であれば、成形時の押出機の負荷が高くなりすぎず、高速成形性に優れる。また、優れた耐ストレスクラック性も得られる。ポリエチレンのFRR(G/D)が100以下であれば、衝撃強度が高い本中空糸膜が得られる。ポリエチレンのFRR(G/D)は、60~80が好ましい。
中空糸膜を溶融延伸法により製膜する場合、結晶配向性を高める点から、紡糸は通常の押出成形よりも低温で行うことが多い。この条件は押出機に負荷のかかりやすい条件であるので、分子の流動性を向上させる必要がある。FRR(G/D)が前記範囲内であれば、分子の流動を向上させつつ、結晶の配向を良好にできる。そのため、膜孔径の均一性が高くなるだけでなく、空孔率が高くなる。
密度は、JIS K7112(ASTM D1505)に準拠した方法により測定される。
測定装置としては、商品名「150-GPC」、「Alliance GPCV 2000」(以上、Waters社製)等が挙げられる。
FL及びFHは、前述した比率Mw/Mnと同様の高温GPCから求められる。すなわち、高温GPCによる測定で得られた分子量分布のチャートにおいて、分子量分布全体の面積に対する、分子量1000以下の部分の面積の割合からFLが求められる。同様に、分子量分布全体の面積に対する、分子量100万以上の部分の面積の割合からFHが求められる。
ポリエチレンのESCRは、JIS K6760に準拠した定ひずみ環境応力亀裂試験により測定される。ESCRは、環境応力による亀裂が発生する確率が50%となる時間である。
ポリエチレンの市販品としては、例えば、商品名「H6670B」、「H6430BM」(以上、SCG Chemical社製)が挙げられる。
本樹脂組成物がポリエチレン以外の他の重合体成分を含む場合は、それらを含む全重合体におけるMFRD、MFRG、FRR(G/D)、密度、Mw/Mn、ESCR、FL及びFHが、前記範囲内となるようにすることが好ましい。
添加剤としては、酸化防止剤、滑剤、結晶化速度を高めて成形性を向上させる核剤等が挙げられる。
酸化防止剤としては、例えば、商品名「IRGANOX1076」、「IRGANOX1010」(以上、チバスペシャリティーケミカルズ社製)等のヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
滑剤としては、例えば、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウムが挙げられる。滑剤の添加量は、800ppm以下が好ましく、600ppm以下がより好ましく、300ppm以下がさらに好ましい。
核剤としては、酸化チタン等の顔料が挙げられる。
また、添加剤としては、帯電防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、防曇剤、有機過酸化物等も挙げられる。
本中空糸膜の太さは特に限定されないが、中空糸膜外径が100~2000μmであることが好ましい。中空糸膜外径が100μm以上であれば、中空糸膜モジュール等の製造時に中空糸膜間の隙間を充分に取りやすく、中空糸膜間にポッティング用樹脂を侵入させやすくなる。中空糸膜外径が2000μm以下であれば、多数本の中空糸膜を用いた中空糸膜モジュール等を製造したときにも、モジュール全体のサイズを小さくできる。これにより、ポッティング加工部の容積も小さくなるので、ポッティング加工時のポッティング用樹脂の収縮による寸法精度の低下を抑制しやすい。
本中空糸膜の細孔の大きさは、特に限定されず、充分な濾過特性と機械的強度が満足される大きさであればよい。
前記親水性共重合体は、エチレンを20モル%以上、親水性モノマーを10モル%以上含む単量体混合物を共重合して得た共重合体である。前記親水性共重合体は、ランダム共重合体、ブロック共重合体、グラフト共重合体等のいずれのタイプの共重合体であってもよい。
親水性共重合体に占めるエチレンの含量量が20モル%以上であれば、親水性共重合体の本中空糸膜に対する親和性が高くなり、親水性共重合体を充分に被覆できる。そのため、本中空糸膜の膜表面を充分に親水化できる。
親水性モノマーは、1種のみを使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
第3成分としては、例えば、酢酸ビニル、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、ビニルアルコール脂肪酸エステル、ビニルアルコールのフォルマール化物若しくはブチラール化物等が挙げられる。
また、平均孔径±0.05μmの範囲が細孔径分布全体の70%未満、つまり極微小孔径の割合が、全体の15%以上になることで、膜全体の濾過抵抗が増大することで透水量が低下する。
本中空糸膜は、例えば、下記紡糸工程、延伸工程及び恒久親水化工程を有する方法により製造できる。
紡糸工程:本樹脂組成物を紡糸して、未延伸の中空糸膜前駆体を得る工程。
延伸工程:中空糸膜前駆体を延伸し、多孔質化して多孔質中空糸膜を得る工程。
恒久親水化工程:多孔質中空糸膜の膜表面に恒久親水性を付与する工程。
例えば、円環状の複数の吐出口が同心円状に配置された複合ノズル口金を用い、前記ノズル口金から本樹脂組成物を押し出し、押出速度と巻取速度を適宜調節しつつ未延伸状態で冷却固化する。これにより、未延伸の中空糸膜前駆体が得られる。
本樹脂組成物の吐出温度は、ポリエチレン等の使用する重合体の融点以上であり、前記融点より10~100℃高いことが好ましい。吐出物は10~40℃の雰囲気中において引取速度0.1~3m/秒で引き取ることが好ましい。
溶融紡糸して得た未延伸の中空糸膜前駆体は、延伸前に前記融点以下で定長熱処理(アニール処理)する。
定長熱処理は、105~120℃で、8~16時間行うことが好しい。温度が105℃以上であれば、品質の良好な本中空糸膜が得られやすい。温度が120℃以下であれば、充分な伸度が得られやすく、延伸時の安定性が向上し、高倍率での延伸が容易になる。また、処理時間が8時間以上であれば、品質の良好な本中空糸膜が得られやすい。
延伸は、低速延伸が好ましい。
冷延伸は、比較的低い温度下で膜の構造破壊を起させ、ミクロなクラッキングを発生させる工程である。冷延伸の温度は、0℃から、用いる重合体の融点より50℃以上低い温度までの範囲内(例えば、本樹脂組成物中の重合体がポリエチレンのみの場合は0~80℃。)の比較的低温下で行うことが好ましい。前記範囲を超える温度下で冷延伸を行うと、ミクロなクラッキングの発生が減少し、細孔が減少するおそれがある。
熱延伸倍率としては、目的とする孔径により適宜選定すればよく、工程安定性の点から、延伸前の中空糸膜前駆体の長さに対して3~7倍とすることが好ましい。
熱延伸は、2段以上の多段延伸とすることが好ましい。多段延伸とすることで、延伸時に糸径が細くなりすぎることを抑制しつつ細孔を形成することが容易になる。
また、熱延伸は低速で行うことが好ましい。低速延伸であれば、延伸時に糸径が細くなりすぎることを抑制しつつ細孔を形成することが容易になる。
熱セットを効果的に行うためには、熱セット温度は延伸温度以上、融点温度以下であることが好ましい。
親水性共重合体を被覆する方法としては、例えば、前記親水性共重合体を溶剤に溶解した溶液(以下、「共重合体溶液」という。)中に、本中空糸膜を浸漬した後、乾燥する方法が挙げられる。共重合体溶液に本中空糸膜を浸漬する方法としては、同じ濃度の共重合体溶液に2回以上浸漬処理を行う方法であってもよく、濃度の異なる溶液を用いて浸漬を2回以上行う方法であってもよい。
水混和性有機溶剤としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、N-プロパノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール類、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド等が挙げられる。これら溶剤は、1種のみを使用してもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。また、これら溶剤は、親水性共重合体の溶解性が向上する点から、水との混合液とすることが好ましい。
また、親水性共重合体を被覆した本中空糸膜を乾燥する際に、溶剤の蒸気含有雰囲気を作りやすい点、すなわち、溶剤の蒸気圧の低さ、人体に対する低毒性の点から、沸点が100℃未満のアルコール類(例えば、メタノール、エタノール、イロプロピルアルコール等。)と、水の混合系溶剤を用いることが特に好ましい。
浸漬処理時間は、浸漬する本中空糸膜の膜厚、孔径、空孔率により異なるが、数秒~数分の範囲とすることが好ましい。
前記処理の目的は、(1)本中空糸膜を構成するミクロフィブリルとスタックドラメラとの結節部の表面に、親水性共重合体の皮膜を形成することにより細孔の閉塞を防止すること、(2)ミクロフィブリルを結束させてスリット状の細孔を大孔径化して楕円状の細孔を形成し、透水量の増大を図ると共に、処理水との親和性を高めること、である。
乾燥温度は、本中空糸膜が熱によって変形しない温度範囲であればよい。例えば、ポリエチレンからなる本中空糸膜の場合、乾燥温度は、120℃以下が好ましく、40~70℃が特に好ましい。
本発明の浄水器用カートリッジは、前述した本中空糸膜を具備するモジュールである。本発明の浄水器用カートリッジは、本中空糸膜を用いる以外は、公知の浄水器用カートリッジと同様の形態が用いられる。
例えば、蛇口直結型浄水器用のカートリッジ、ピッチャー型浄水器用カットリッジ、流し台上に設置して用いる据置型浄水器用カートリッジ、流し台下の収納スペース内に設置しているアンダーシンク型浄水器用カートリッジが挙げられる。
本発明の中空糸膜モジュールは、前述した本中空糸膜を具備するモジュールである。本発明の中空糸膜モジュールは、本中空糸膜を用いる以外は、公知の中空糸膜モジュールと同様の形態が用いられる。
例えば、本中空糸膜を数百本束ねて筒状のハウジングに挿入し、それら本複合中空糸膜を封止材(ポッティング用樹脂)で封止した公知の形態の中空糸膜モジュールが挙げられる。
(メルトフローレート(MFR))
ポリエチレンのMFRについては、JIS K7210のコードD(測定温度:190℃、荷重:2.16kg)に準拠してMFRD(単位:g/10分)を測定し、さらにJIS K7210のコードG(測定温度:190℃、荷重:21.6kg)に準拠してMFRG(単位:g/10分)を測定した。
また、それらの測定結果から、FRR(G/D)(=MFRG/MFRD)を求めた。
ポリエチレンの密度(単位:kg/m3)は、JIS K7112に準拠して測定した。
ポリエチレンの比率Mw/Mnは、下記条件のGPC(高温GPC)による測定で得られたキャリブレーションカーブから、Mw及びMnをそれぞれ求めて算出した。キャリブレーションカーブは、ポリスチレンの標準試料を測定し、ポリエチレン換算定数(0.48)を使用し、3次で算出した。カラムは、下記カラム3本を順に直列に接続して用いた。
測定条件:
測定装置 :「150-GPC」(Waters社製)
カラム :「Shodex GPC AT-807/S」(昭和電工社製)(1本)、「Tosoh TSK-GEL GMH6-HT」(東ソー社製)(2本)
溶媒 :1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼン
カラム温度 :140℃
試料濃度 :0.05質量%(インジェクション量:500μL)
流量 :1.0mL/分
試料溶解温度:160℃
試料溶解時間:2.5時間
ポリエチレンの分子量1000以下の成分量(FL)(単位:質量%)と、分子量100万以上の成分量(FH)(単位:質量%)は、下記条件の高温GPCにより分子量分布を測定して算出した。すなわち、下記条件の高温GPCによる測定で得られた分子量分布のチャートにおいて、分子量分布全体の面積に対する、分子量1000以下の部分の面積の割合、又は分子量100万以上の部分の面積の割合を求め、FL及びFHを算出した。カラムは、下記カラム3本を順に直列に接続して用いた。
測定条件:
測定装置 :「Alliance GPCV 2000」(Waters社製)
カラム :「AT-807S」(昭和電工社製)(1本)、「GMHHR-H(S)HT」(東ソー社製)(2本)
溶媒 :1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼン
カラム温度 :140℃
試料濃度 :20mg/溶媒10mL
流量 :1.0mL/分
試料溶解温度:140℃
試料溶解時間:1時間
ポリエチレンのESCR(耐環境応力亀裂性、単位:時間)は、JIS K6760に準拠した定ひずみ環境応力亀裂試験により測定した。試験液としては、商品名「イゲパルCO-630」(ローディア日華社製)の10質量%水溶液を使用した。環境応力による亀裂が発生する確率が50%となる時間を計測し、ESCRの値とした。
下記式により親水性共重合体の被覆量W(単位:質量%)を算出した。
W=(X-Y)/Y×100
ただし、式中、Xは親水化処理後の乾燥膜質量(単位:g)であり、Yは処理前の中空糸膜の乾燥質量(単位:g)である。
得られた中空糸膜の透水量(単位:m3/m2・時間・MPa)は、前記中空糸膜をU字型に束ねて中空糸膜の端部をウレタン樹脂で固め、有効膜面積70~90cm2の中空糸膜モジュールを作製し、差圧0.1MPaでイオン交換水を濾過し、そのときの透水量を測定した。
得られた中空糸膜をU字型に束ねて中空糸膜の端部をウレタン樹脂で固め、有効膜面積約50m2の中空糸膜モジュールを作製し、前記中空糸膜モジュールを、中空糸膜の部分が完全に浸るように濃度95%以上のエタノール中に浸漬した。中空糸膜の多孔質内部がエタノールで充分に濡れるように、中空糸膜内部からエタノールを100mL以上吸引した後、浸漬状態のままで中空糸膜内部に窒素を送り込み、10秒毎に1kPaきざみで空気圧を昇圧した。気泡が中空糸膜のほぼ全表面から発生し、気泡発生箇所の間隔が1mm以内になった時の窒素圧力をバブルポイント(B.P.)とした。なお、バブルポイントP(圧力)と平均孔径の関係は下記式で表されるとおりである。
P=2σcosθ/r
ただし、式中、σはエタノールの表面張力、θはエタノールと中空糸膜の接触角、rは平均細孔半径である。
また、空孔率(単位:体積%)は、水銀ポロシメーター221型(カルロエルバ社製)を用いて測定した。
中空糸膜の孔径分布および平均孔径は、バブルポイント法(ASTM F316-86)に基づくPMI社製パームポロシメーターPMI社製パームポロメーターCFP-1200AE(多孔質材料自動細孔径分布測定システム)によりフッ素系界面活性剤フロリナートFC-72(スリーエム社製)を測定溶媒として測定を実施した。
ポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜の孔径(μm)と細孔径分布に占める割合(%)を図1に示した。さらに測定した細孔径分布から最も流量に影響を与える平均孔径±0.05μmの範囲を積算により算出した。
平均流量孔径は、ASTM F316-86に準じて、PMI社製パームポロメーターCFP-1200AE(多孔質材料自動細孔径分布測定システム)で測定を行った。
(開孔径ばらつき)
開孔径ばらつきは、ASTM F316-86に準じて、PMI社製パームポロメーターCFP-1200AE(多孔質材料自動細孔径分布測定システム)で測定を行い、累積流量を100%とした時の、流量が5%となる開孔径を最大孔径、95%の時を最小孔径とし、以下の式で計算し求めた。
開孔径ばらつき(%)=[(5%最大孔径-95%最小孔径)/平均流量孔径]×100
樹脂組成物として、チーグラー型触媒を用いて3段連続重合法により製造した高密度ポリエチレン(商品名「H6670B」、SCG Chemical社製、密度0.966g/cm3、MFRD:0.7g/10分、MFRG:54g/10分、FRR(G/D)=77、FL:0.38質量%、FH:2.64質量%、Mw/Mn=8.8、ESCR:20時間)を用いた。
また、前記高密度ポリエチレンについて、高温GPCで測定した分子量分布のチャートをガウス分布で近似した3成分は、以下の通りであった。前記チャートは、分子量100万付近、及び分子量5000付近にそれぞれ1箇所ずつのショルダーピークを有していた。
1)Mn:1.99×104 Mw:1.09×105 配合率:88%
2)Mn:2.76×103 Mw:5.25×103 配合率:6%
3)Mn:7.52×105 Mw:9.74×105 配合率:6%
前記樹脂組成物を用いて、円環状の吐出口が同心円状に配置された中空糸製造用ノズルを用いて、吐出温度170℃、巻取速度70m/分にて溶融紡糸を行った。さらにノズルから吐出された糸の周囲に、温度20℃、風速0.5m/秒の冷却風を均一に流しながら前記糸を巻取り、未延伸の複合中空糸膜前駆体を得た。
得られた未延伸の複合中空糸膜前駆体をボビンに巻いたまま、115℃の空気中に16時間置いてアニール処理した。前記アニール処理後の複合中空糸膜前駆体を、30℃に保たれたローラ間で1.5倍に冷延伸し、引き続いて117℃に加熱された加熱炉中で最大延伸量が6.0倍になるようにローラ間で熱延伸し、さらに118℃に加熱した加熱炉中で20%の緩和を行うことで、巻取り時の総延伸倍率(未延伸の複合中空糸膜前駆体に対する倍率)を5倍とすることでポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜を得た。
次に、エチレン含有量32モル%のエチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体(商品名「ソアノールDC3203」、日本合成化学社製)を、70℃のエタノール/水=40/60(体積%)混合溶液に1.5質量%溶解し、共重合体溶液を調製した。前記共重合体溶液中に、前記中空糸膜を30秒間浸漬した後、前記中空糸膜を引き上げ、ガイドにより前記中空糸膜表面に過剰に付着した共重合体溶液の一部を絞り落とした。引き続き、エタノール蒸気濃度40体積%、60℃の雰囲気中に、中空糸膜を立上げ角度90°で立上げ、80秒間滞在させて、中空糸膜の細孔内表面にも親水化重合体を均一に付着させた。その後、70℃の熱風にて乾燥して溶剤を除去した。乾燥後のエチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体の付着率は、中空糸膜100質量%に対して10.5質量%であった。
得られたポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜を走査型電子顕微鏡にて観察したところ、前記ポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜の内外表面及び微孔内表面は、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体の薄膜で均一に覆われていた。
また、膜の孔径を示すバブルポイントは122kPaであった。空孔率は73.5体積%であった。
PMI社製パームポロシメーターによりフッ素系界面活性剤フロリナートFC-72(スリーエム社製)を測定溶媒として測定を行うと、平均孔径0.3123μm、平均孔径±0.05μmの孔径範囲の全孔径分布に占める割合が85.5%を示すような孔径分布がシャープな膜であった。
樹脂組成物として、チーグラー型触媒を用いて3段連続重合法により製造された高密度ポリエチレン(商品名「H6430BM」、SCG Chemical社製、密度:0.966g/cm3、MFRD:0.4g/10分、MFRG:30g/10分、FRR(G/D)=75、FL:0.66質量%、FH:3.00質量%、Mw/Mn=12、ESCR:25時間)を用いた。
また、前記高密度ポリエチレンについて、高温GPCで測定した分子量分布のチャートをガウス分布で近似した3成分は、以下の通りであった。前記チャートは、分子量100万付近、及び分子量5000付近にそれぞれ1箇所ずつのショルダーピークを有していた。
1)Mn:2.81×103 Mw:6.57×103 配合率:9%
2)Mn:2.24×104 Mw:1.15×105 配合率:84%
3)Mn:4.68×105 Mw:9.40×105 配合率:7%
得られたポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜を走査型電子顕微鏡にて観察したところ、前記ポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜の内外表面及び微孔内表面はエチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体の薄膜で均一に覆われていた。
また、膜の孔径を示すバブルポイントは127kPaであった。空孔率は73.8体積%であった。
PMI社製パームポロシメーターによりフッ素系界面活性剤フロリナートFC-72(スリーエム社製)を測定溶媒として測定を行うと、平均孔径0.3155μm、平均孔径±0.05μmの孔径範囲の全孔径分布に占める割合が87.3%を示すような孔径分布がシャープな膜であった。
樹脂組成物として、チーグラー型触媒を用いたスラリー重合法により製造した高密度ポリエチレン(商品名「HY540」、日本ポリエチレン社製、密度0.960g/cm3、MFRD:1.0g/10分、MFRG:45g/10分、FRR(G/D)=45、FL:0.37質量%、FH:1.07質量%、Mn:1.8×104、Mw:1.18×105、Mw/Mn=6.6、ESCR:100時間)を用いた。
前記高密度ポリエチレンについて、高温GPCで測定した分子量分布には、分子量100万付近にショルダーピーク等は見られなかった。
前記樹脂組成物を用い、吐出温度を180℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様に溶融紡糸して、未延伸の複合中空糸膜前駆体を得た。
延伸工程:
得られた未延伸の複合中空糸膜前駆体をボビンに巻いたまま、115℃の空気中に16時間置いてアニール処理した。前記アニール処理後の中空糸膜を、30℃に保たれたローラ間で1.5倍に冷延伸し、引き続いて117℃に加熱された加熱炉中で最大延伸量が6.0倍になるようにローラ間で熱延伸し、さらに118℃に加熱した加熱炉中で定長緩和をすることで、巻取り時の総延伸倍率(未延伸の複合中空糸膜前駆体に対する倍率)を6倍とすることでポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜中空糸膜を得た。
恒久親水化工程:
実施例1と同様にして恒久親水化処理を行った。
膜の孔径を示すバブルポイントは132kPaであった。空孔率は71.3体積%であった。
PMI社製パームポロシメーターによりフッ素系界面活性剤フロリナートFC-72(スリーエム社製)を測定溶媒として測定を行うと、平均孔径0.3813μm、平均孔径±0.05μmの孔径範囲の全孔径分布に占める割合が58%を示すように実施例に比べ孔径分布が広い膜となっていた。
各例で得られたポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜について、透水量を評価した結果を表1に示す。
また、実施例2のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜は、実施例1のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜に比べて空孔率が高くなっており、透水量が多く、濾過特性に優れていた。
一方、密度が低すぎるポリエチレンを用いた比較例1では、ポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜の平均孔径は0.3813ではあったが、前記平均孔径±0.05μmの孔径範囲の全孔径分布に占める割合は、58.0%と低かった。
Claims (10)
- 平均孔径が0.1~0.5μmであって、かつ、孔径分布が、前記平均孔径から±0.05μmの領域における孔径分布が全孔径分布の70%以上であるポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
- 下記(a)~(d)の要件を満たすポリエチレンを含む樹脂組成物により形成された請求項1に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
(a)JIS K7210のコードDに準拠して測定したメルトフローレート(MFRD)が0.1~0.9g/10分である。
(b)JIS K7210のコードGに準拠して測定したメルトフローレート(MFRG)が50~100g/10分である。
(c)前記MFRDと前記MFRGとの比FRR(G/D)(=MFRG/MFRD)が50~100である。
(d)密度が0.962~0.968g/cm3である。 - 前記ポリエチレンにおける質量平均分子量Mwと数平均分子量Mnの比率Mw/Mnが8.0~12.0である、請求項1または2に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
- 前記ポリエチレンのJIS K6760に準拠して測定した耐環境応力亀裂性が10~50時間である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
- 前記ポリエチレンにおける分子量1000以下の成分量が2.0質量%以下で、かつ分子量100万以上の成分量が1.5~3.0質量%である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
- 中空糸膜の内表面及び外表面が親水性共重合体で親水化処理された、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
- 前記親水性共重合体が、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体である、請求項6に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜を具備する、浄水器用カートリッジ。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜を具備する、中空糸膜モジュール。
- 平均流量孔径が0.1~0.5μmであって、かつ、開孔径ばらつきが100%以下である請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜。
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| CN201180057171.2A CN103228341B (zh) | 2010-09-29 | 2011-09-28 | 聚乙烯多孔质中空纤维膜、净水器用滤芯和中空纤维膜组件 |
| JP2011546369A JP6003057B2 (ja) | 2010-09-29 | 2011-09-28 | 浄水器用ポリエチレン多孔質中空糸膜、浄水器用カートリッジ及び中空糸膜モジュール |
| KR1020137010892A KR101536836B1 (ko) | 2010-09-29 | 2011-09-28 | 폴리에틸렌 다공질 중공사막, 정수기용 카트리지 및 중공사막 모듈 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015142887A (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリエチレン製中空糸膜およびポリエチレン製中空糸膜の製造方法 |
| CN110585825A (zh) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-20 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 空气净化器 |
| US20200047128A1 (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2020-02-13 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Filtration device |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6792612B2 (ja) * | 2016-05-13 | 2020-11-25 | 旭化成メディカル株式会社 | ポリエチレン系樹脂多孔質中空糸膜、分離膜及びそれらの製造方法 |
| CN111051246B (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2022-07-05 | 旭化成株式会社 | 使用多孔膜的过滤方法 |
| EP3766567B1 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2026-01-07 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Porous hollow fiber membrane |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6328406A (ja) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-02-06 | Asahi Medical Co Ltd | 網目状多孔質中空糸膜 |
| JP2002253939A (ja) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-10 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 中空糸膜の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5084173A (en) * | 1985-05-27 | 1992-01-28 | Asahi Medical Co., Ltd. | Hydrophilic composite porous membrane, a method of producing the plasma separator |
| IT1204903B (it) * | 1986-06-26 | 1989-03-10 | Ausimont Spa | Processo di polimerizzazione in dispersione acquosa di monomeri florati |
| JPH06277475A (ja) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-04 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 太径多孔質中空糸膜及びその製造方法 |
| CN101300295A (zh) * | 2005-11-01 | 2008-11-05 | 东燃化学株式会社 | 聚烯烃微多孔膜以及使用其的电池用隔离件和电池 |
-
2011
- 2011-09-28 CN CN201180057171.2A patent/CN103228341B/zh active Active
- 2011-09-28 KR KR1020137010892A patent/KR101536836B1/ko active Active
- 2011-09-28 JP JP2011546369A patent/JP6003057B2/ja active Active
- 2011-09-28 WO PCT/JP2011/072267 patent/WO2012043672A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6328406A (ja) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-02-06 | Asahi Medical Co Ltd | 網目状多孔質中空糸膜 |
| JP2002253939A (ja) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-10 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 中空糸膜の製造方法 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015142887A (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリエチレン製中空糸膜およびポリエチレン製中空糸膜の製造方法 |
| US20200047128A1 (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2020-02-13 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Filtration device |
| CN110585825A (zh) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-20 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 空气净化器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2012043672A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
| KR101536836B1 (ko) | 2015-07-14 |
| JP6003057B2 (ja) | 2016-10-05 |
| KR20130064812A (ko) | 2013-06-18 |
| CN103228341B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
| CN103228341A (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
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