WO2012040919A1 - 黄芩素在制备预防和治疗帕金森病药物中的应用 - Google Patents

黄芩素在制备预防和治疗帕金森病药物中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2012040919A1
WO2012040919A1 PCT/CN2010/077467 CN2010077467W WO2012040919A1 WO 2012040919 A1 WO2012040919 A1 WO 2012040919A1 CN 2010077467 W CN2010077467 W CN 2010077467W WO 2012040919 A1 WO2012040919 A1 WO 2012040919A1
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baicalein
disease
parkinson
tremor
group
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PCT/CN2010/077467
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杜冠华
成银霞
穆鑫
何国荣
于昕
李晓秀
时丽丽
吕扬
杨宁
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中国医学科学院药物研究所
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Priority to PCT/CN2010/077467 priority Critical patent/WO2012040919A1/zh
Publication of WO2012040919A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012040919A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/3533,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A61P25/16Anti-Parkinson drugs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients

Definitions

  • baicalein in preparing medicine for preventing and treating Parkinson's disease
  • the invention relates to the field of medicine, in particular to the application of baicalein for preparing a medicament for preventing or treating Parkinson's disease or a disease characterized by Parkinson's disease, and also relates to the combination of baicalein and flavonoids and other substances.
  • a pharmaceutical preparation for preventing and treating Parkinson's disease is prepared.
  • Parkinson's disease has now become the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease in the world following Alzheimer's disease.
  • the incidence of the elderly over the age of 60 is 1%, and the incidence increases with age.
  • the main pathological features of PD are progressive deletion and death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which reduces the release of dopaminergic (DA) in the nigrostriatal striatum, resulting in a significant decrease in striatum DA content. It is characterized by tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and posture gait disorder.
  • PD treatment drugs include levodopa and its compound dopa preparation, dopamine receptor agonist, anticholinergic drug, and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. These drugs play a role in inhibiting the symptoms of Parkinson's disease through different ways, can significantly improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but can not delay the progress of the disease, can not prevent the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and long-term application has serious side effects, and even Lead to the deterioration of the disease.
  • the flavonoid compound contained in the dried root of ba lea lens Is Georgi) has the structure of the formula (I).
  • Baicalein has a variety of pharmacological effects.
  • the pharmacological effects reported in the literature include: antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-oxidation, scavenging oxygen free radicals, anti-tumor, anti-coagulation, anti-thrombosis and protection of the liver, Cardiovascular and neuronal effects.
  • the Chinese patent company CN 1556108A (Publication No.) describes the "extraction process of the baicalein, the pharmaceutical composition and the preparation process of the preparation" invented by the Chinese Pharmaceutical University. Among them, the application of baicalein and its pharmaceutical composition in the treatment of acute respiratory syndrome caused by various viral infectious diseases such as hepatitis, viral influenza and viral infection is involved.
  • the Chinese patent CN 1606979A (Publication No.) describes the "effect of safrole as an antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral agent" invented by Che Qingming.
  • baicalein and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are used for the preparation of antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral drugs.
  • the Chinese patent CN 1939295A (Publication No.) describes the "Huangqisu Pills and its preparation method" invented by Tianjin Changzheng Hospital. Among them, the natural plant jaundice is involved in the treatment of allergic skin diseases by conventional extraction and separation, and using new medicinal excipients to develop baicalin pills.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new use of baicalein represented by formula (I) in pharmaceuticals, namely, the application of baicalein in the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating Parkinson's disease, and for preventing, alleviating and/or Treat Parkin.
  • Prevention, alleviation and/or treatment of Parkinson's disease or symptoms in the present invention includes relieving symptoms of the disease and preventing, delaying the progression of the disease or reversing the pathological development process.
  • the baicalein of the present invention can effectively alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's patients; relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease characterized by tremor; invent the fact that baicalein can protect the pathological changes of nerve cells, and is beneficial to inhibit the development of Parkinson's disease and promote the development of Parkinson's disease. Reversal or recovery of Jinsen's disease.
  • the prevention, alleviation and/or treatment of Parkinson's disease or symptoms is selected from the group consisting of improving symptoms of tremor and/or motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease.
  • Improving the tremor symptoms of Parkinson's disease is mainly achieved by reducing the frequency of tremor and reducing the amplitude of tremor.
  • baicalein can also be used for the preparation of a medicament for preventing, alleviating and/or treating Parkinson's related diseases.
  • the Parkinson-related disease is a disease associated with nerve cell damage, neurodegenerative diseases, and/or abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism.
  • baicalein can also be used in the preparation of a medicament for preventing, alleviating and/or treating tremor symptoms and related diseases.
  • the tremor symptoms and related diseases are characterized by frequent muscle activity of the limbs.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing, ameliorating and/or treating Parkinson's disease or a condition comprising a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of baicalein, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or adjuvant.
  • Baicalein can also be used in combination with other compounds for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, in particular in combination with a natural product of xanthone.
  • compositions of the invention may also contain other flavonoid compounds.
  • a preferred flavonoid compound is selected from at least one of quercetin, rutin, and luteolin.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be in a dosage form selected from the group consisting of a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, a pill, a tablet, a capsule, a powder, a controlled release or a sustained release preparation, depending on the route of administration.
  • the present invention proves that it is an effective drug for preventing and treating Parkinson's disease by performing a series of experiments on baicalein, and determining the baicalein by establishing a PD rat model in which 6-hydroxydopa (6-0HDA) damages brain function in rats. Improvement of behavioral indicators such as dyskinesia in PD animal models. In MPTP-induced C57BL mouse Parkinson's disease model, it was demonstrated that baicalein can significantly improve the spontaneous activity of mice induced by MPTP and shorten the mice induced by MPTP. The climbing time is extended.
  • Astragalus can treat tremor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
  • baicalein can significantly improve the muscle tremor performance of rats induced by 6-0HDA, reduce the frequency and amplitude of tremor, and prove that this protective effect is mainly to improve the central nervous system of Parkinson's disease animal model.
  • the pathological state is not directly related to peripheral nerve conduction and is one of the important features of baicalein in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
  • Baicalin can regulate neurotransmitters in the brain of animal models of Parkinson's disease.
  • Baicalein can alter the metabolism and concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters, amino acids and other active components in the striatum of Parkinson's disease model animals, and can improve striatal dopamine, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Level, increase the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine transport The number of bodies inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby exerting a role in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
  • the invention relates to the concentration-dependent reduction of xanthine in the concentration of SH-SY5Y cells induced by 6-0HDA, and the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by 6-0HDA, suggesting that the effect of baicalein on preventing and treating Parkinson's disease and its resistance to apoptosis Death, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition of baicalein as an active ingredient and a conventional pharmaceutical excipient or adjuvant.
  • compositions of the compounds of the invention may be prepared according to methods well known in the art, for which purpose, if desired, the compounds of the invention may be combined with one or more solid or liquid pharmaceutical excipients and/or adjuvants, It is prepared in a suitable form or dosage form for use as a human or veterinary drug.
  • the preparation of baicalein tablets can employ various carriers well known in the art.
  • carriers are, for example, diluents and absorbents such as starch, dextrin, sulfate 4, lactose, mannitol, sucrose, sodium chloride, glucose, urea, carbonate 4, kaolin, microcrystalline cellulose, Aluminum silicate, etc.; wetting agent and binder, such as water, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, ethanol, propanol, starch slurry, dextrin, syrup, honey, glucose solution, gum arabic, gelatin pulp, carboxymethyl fiber Sodium, shellac, sulfhydryl cellulose, potassium phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.; disintegrating agents, such as dry starch, alginate, agar powder, brown algae starch, sodium bicarbonate and tannic acid, carbonic acid 4 bow, poly Oxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, sodium lauryl sulphate
  • the baicalin pills may be prepared by using various carriers known in the art, and examples of the carrier are, for example, diluents and absorbents such as glucose, lactose, starch, cocoa butter, hydrogenated vegetable oil, polyvinylpyrrolidone, kaolin, talc, etc.
  • Adhesives such as acacia, tragacanth, gelatin, ethanol, honey, liquid sugar, rice paste or batter; disintegrators such as agar powder, dried starch, alginate, sodium lauryl sulfate , mercapto cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and the like.
  • baicalein gum Preparation of baicalein gum can mix baicalein with various carriers as described above, and The mixture is placed in a hard gelatin capsule or soft gelatin.
  • the active ingredient of the compound of the present invention can also be formulated into an elixir, suspended in an aqueous medium to form a suspension, or incorporated into a hard capsule or used as an injection.
  • baicalein preparations such as solutions, suspension solutions, emulsions, lyophilized powder injections, which may be aqueous or non-aqueous, may contain one and/or more pharmacodynamically Accepted carrier, diluent, binder, lubricant, preservative, surfactant or dispersant.
  • the diluent may be selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the like.
  • the dosage form can be a liquid dosage form or a solid dosage form.
  • the liquid dosage form may be a true solution, a colloid, a microparticle dosage form, an emulsion dosage form, or a suspension dosage form.
  • Other dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, dropping pills, aerosols, pills, powders, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules, suppositories, lyophilized powders and the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be formulated into common preparations, sustained release preparations, controlled release preparations, targeted preparations, and various microparticle delivery systems.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preventing, alleviating and/or treating Parkinson's disease or disease by administering baicalein or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered by any known administration method for the purpose of administration and enhancing the therapeutic effect.
  • the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same may be administered in a unit dosage form, which may be enterally or parenterally, such as orally, muscle, subcutaneous, nasal, oral mucosa, skin, peritoneum or rectum.
  • the administration route of the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same can be administered by injection.
  • Injections include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, and acupoint injections.
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the compound of the present invention depends on a number of factors, such as the nature and severity of the disease to be prevented or treated, the sex, age, weight, personality and individual response of the patient or animal, the route of administration, the number of administrations, For therapeutic purposes, the therapeutic dose of the present invention can vary widely. In general, the dosages of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the prophylactic or therapeutic effect of the present invention can be accomplished by appropriately adjusting the amount of the actual drug contained in the final formulation of the compound composition of the present invention to achieve its therapeutically effective amount.
  • the total dose required for each treatment can be divided into multiple or single dose administrations.
  • the compounds or compositions of the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents and adjusted in dosage.
  • FIG. 1 Effect of baicalein on striatum monoamine neurotransmitters in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. # ⁇ 0 ⁇ 05, ## ⁇ 0. 01 vs MPTP model group, * ⁇ 0 ⁇ 05, ** ⁇ 0 ⁇ 01 vs normal control group ⁇
  • FIG. 1 Effect of baicalein on the substantia nigra TH, DAT, GFAP in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. # ⁇ 0 ⁇ 05, ## ⁇ 0. 01 vs MPTP model group, * ⁇ 0 ⁇ 05, ** ⁇ 0 ⁇ 01 vs normal control group ⁇
  • Figure 4 Effect of baicalein on peripheral nerve conduction velocity in rats with 6-0HDA lateral injury. #P ⁇ 0. 05 vs 6- 0HDA model group, *P ⁇ 0. 05 vs ⁇ surgery group.
  • Figure 5 Effect of baicalein on TH and GFAP in the substantia nigra of 6-0HDA rats with lateral injury. # ⁇ 0 ⁇ 05, ## ⁇ 0 ⁇ 01 vs 6- 0HDA model group, * ⁇ 0 ⁇ 05, ** ⁇ 0 ⁇ 01 vs sham operation group.
  • FIG. 7 Nuclear staining assay for the effect of baicalein on the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by 6-0HDA Ringing (a: blank group; b: 6-0HDA group; c: baicalein low dose group; d: baicalein medium dose group; e: baicalein high dose group)
  • Figure 8 Flow cytometry to examine the effect of baicalein on the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by 6-0HDA.
  • Figure 9 Huangqisu improves the dose selection for tremor activity in rats with 6-0HDA unilateral injury.
  • Figure 1 0. Effect of baicalein on the inhibition rate and duration of tremor in rats with 6-0HDA lateral injury.
  • Figure 1 1. Effect of baicalein on the ultrastructure of striatum neurons in rats with unilateral injury of 6-0HDA.
  • Example 1 Effect of baicalein on MPTP-induced behavior in PD mice Model establishment and grouping
  • C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, MPTP model group, and baicalein administration group (200 mg/kg), with 12 rats in each group.
  • the control group and the model group were pre-administered with normal saline, and the drug-administered group was given the above-mentioned dose of the drug.
  • the model group and the administration group were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP (30 mg/kg) every day. Once, for 5 consecutive days, the behavioral indicators of the mice were observed on the 13th day. Behavioral testing 1.
  • mice autonomic activity instrument ZIL-2 mouse autonomous activity instrument, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
  • ZIL-2 mouse autonomous activity instrument Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
  • Climbing rod experiment A cork ball with a diameter of 2.5 cm was fixed on the top of a wooden pole with a length of 50 cm and a diameter of 1 cm. The wooden pole was wrapped with gauze to prevent slipping as an experimental climbing rod. During the experiment, mice were guided daily from the top of the pole to the bottom of the rod twice a day. During the test, the test mice were placed on a softwood pellet, and the time required for the mouse to climb to the bottom of the rod was recorded and statistically analyzed, in 60 s over 60 s. The time of climbing of all mice was measured before administration, and the climbing time was measured again 1 h after the last intraperitoneal injection of MPTP, and each mouse was averaged three times. The difference between the last climbing time and the time of the climbing time before administration was used as an index to measure the degree of decline in limb coordination ability caused by MPTP in mice.
  • MPTP can significantly reduce the number of spontaneous activities in mice and prolong the crawling time of mice.
  • baicalein can significantly improve the spontaneous activity of mice induced by MPTP, shorten the time of climbing time of mice, which shows that jaundice can be obvious.
  • Mobile phase 0.1 mol/1 3 ⁇ 4H 2 P0 4 aqueous solution containing 0.85 mmol/1 0 SA, 0.5 mmol/1 EDTANa 2 and 11% decyl alcohol, adjusted to a pH of 3.25 with concentrated phosphoric acid, and degassed by suction filtration through a 0.45 ⁇ l pore filter;
  • Stationary phase Hypersil C185 ⁇ filled stainless steel column. Operating voltage +0.75 mV, column temperature 35 °C, flow rate 0.8 ml/min.
  • the model is established and grouped as above. Six groups of each group were tested for immunohistochemistry. The rats were fixed with 4% chloral hydrate, and the thoracic cavity was opened. The rats were perfused with normal saline and 4% polyfurfural, and the brain was removed. After being placed in 4% polyfurfural, it was fixed for 1 day and then exchanged into 0.01 M PBS containing 30% sucrose. After the brain tissue was sunk, a 20 ⁇ thick coronal plane slice was cut with a cryostat.
  • Immunohistochemical sections were imaged using the IPP 5.1 image analysis system, and all sections were subjected to the same magnification (X 200). Three sections were selected from each mouse, and the number of immunoreactive neurons in the left and right substantia nigra were accumulated and the mean was calculated.
  • the model is established and grouped as above.
  • the rat was decapitated and the brain tissue specimen was taken.
  • the filter paper was used to absorb the residual blood on the surface, and the olfactory bulb, brain stem and cerebellum were removed.
  • the brain tissue specimens were placed in a glass pulper, and 10% brain tissue homogenate was prepared in an ice bath at a ratio of mass to volume ratio of 1:9, and immediately placed in a -4 (TC refrigerator).
  • the protein content of brain tissue was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue method before the experiment. According to the requirements of the kit instructions of Nanjing Institute of Bioengineering, the activity of S0D, GSH-Px and MDA in brain tissue were determined by Spec t ra Max M5 microplate reader. .
  • Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, sham operation group and model group.
  • 3% sodium pentobarbital 50 mg/kg was anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection.
  • the rat's head was fixed on a stereotaxic instrument.
  • the stereotaxic map of Paxinos and Watson rats was used. It is equivalent to the surface of the skull in the MFB area and has a diameter of about 2.5 cm.
  • 6-0 HDA (4 mg/ml) was injected at two points on the MFB under the guidance of a three-dimensional pusher.
  • the coordinates are as follows:
  • the double recording electrode was inserted into the hip muscle of the rat, and the reference electrode was grounded.
  • the tremor activity of the hind limbs of conscious rats was measured using a BL-420E biosignal, and the tremor frequency and tremor amplitude were evaluated.
  • the stimulus signal is selected to be 1 millivolt (mv), 0. 015 milliseconds (ms), and the scanning speed is 0.01 seconds (s), 10 kHz filtering.
  • the frequency and amplitude of three tremors in rats within 1 minute were recorded and averaged.
  • the test results showed that there was a significant increase in the tremor frequency and tremor amplitude of the 6-0HDA injury group compared with the ⁇ surgery group; compared with the model group, baicalein and metopib significantly improved Parkinson's disease induced by 6-0HDA
  • the tremor activity of the diseased model rats reduces the frequency of tremor and reduces the amplitude of tremor (Fig. 3).
  • Example 6 Effect of baicalein on peripheral nerve conduction velocity in rats with lateral injury of 6-0HDA Model preparation and grouping were the same as above. Rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and placed in a prone position.
  • the stimulating electrode is a double-needle electrode inserted into the sciatic nerve fossa near the sciatic nerve trunk.
  • the guiding electrode is a double-needle electrode inserted into the gastrocnemius muscle, and the electrodes are separated by about 2 cm.
  • the device uses the BL-420E biosignal collector, the stimulus signal is selected to be 0. 6 millivolts (mv), 0. 02 milliseconds (ms), single stimulus, scanning speed is 0.01 seconds (s), 1 kHz filtering, pilot signal amplification 50 times, stimulated once every minute, stimulated six times. Calculate the latency of neuromuscular action potential, and calculate the conduction velocity as:
  • V distance from the stimulating electrode to the guiding electrode (mm) / latency (ms).
  • the model is established and grouped as above. Six groups of each group were tested for immunohistochemistry. The rats were fixed with 4% chloral hydrate, and the thoracic cavity was opened. The rats were perfused with normal saline and 4% polyfurfural, and the brain was removed. After being placed in 4% poly-furfural, it was fixed for 1 day, and then replaced with 0.01 M PBS containing 30% sucrose. After the brain tissue was sunk, a 20 ⁇ ⁇ thick coronal plane slice was cut with a cryostat.
  • SH-SY5Y cells in complete RMPI1640 medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 g/ml streptomycin, 1% glutamine) at 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 saturated humidity conditions Under cultivation. Change the liquid every 2-3 days.
  • the cells in the logarithmic growth phase were adjusted to a cell concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 5 /ml in complete medium, and inoculated into a 96-well culture plate at 200 ⁇ l per well for 24 h to subconfluent state.
  • the cell survival rate of the different treatment groups was calculated by the cell survival rate of the normal control group being 100%.
  • the culture and treatment of the cells are the same as above. After the drug has been applied, the culture solution is aspirated and washed once with PBS. Add 200 ⁇ l fixative and fix for 10 min. Discard the fixative, add PBS containing Hoechest 33258 (final concentration 10 ⁇ g/ml), incubate in a cell incubator for 5 min, observe under a fluorescence microscope, and excite with ultraviolet light and photograph at the same time.
  • the cells were collected and washed twice with PBS.
  • the collected cell pellet was mixed with 70% ethanol, fixed at 4 ° C overnight, centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min, and the fixative was discarded.
  • the pellet was resuspended in 3 ml PBS for 5 min, filtered through a 400 mesh wire mesh, centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 min at 4 ° C, and the supernatant was discarded.
  • 10,000 cells were detected by flow cytometry with an excitation wavelength of 488 nm and an emission wavelength of 630 nm, and the percentage of apoptosis was calculated.
  • Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, sham operation group and model group.
  • 3% sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) was anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection.
  • the rat's head was fixed on a stereotaxic instrument.
  • the stereotaxic map of Pax inos and Watson rats After exposing the skull, refer to the stereotaxic map of Pax inos and Watson rats. corresponding to the left CPu drilling the skull surface area, a diameter of about 2.5 after cleaning the meninges, the pusher guided by three injection points CPu 6-0HDA (2 mg / ml) 0 following coordinates:
  • Rotational behavior induced by apomorphine was tested on day 14 postoperatively. After the AP0 injection, the animals were rotated to the opposite side of the 6-0 HDA injection, 360 per movement. , as a rotation. Rats with a rotational speed > 210 r/ 30 min were selected as successful PD model rats.
  • the double recording electrode was inserted into the hip muscle of the rat, and the reference electrode was grounded.
  • the tremor activity of the hind limbs of conscious rats was measured using a BL-420E biosignal, and the tremor frequency and tremor amplitude were evaluated.
  • the stimulus signal is selected to be 1 millivolt (mv), 0. 015 milliseconds (ms), and the scanning speed is 0.01 seconds (s), 10 kHz filtering.
  • the frequency and amplitude of three tremors in rats within 1 minute were recorded and averaged.
  • Rats in the PD model were randomly selected to investigate the tremor activity of baicalin patients (6,5, 150, 150, 200, 300, 400 mg/kg) before administration. According to the concentration-tremor inhibition rate, three doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were selected.
  • Example 12 Effect of different doses of baicalein on the inhibition rate and duration of tremor activity in rats with lateral injury of 6-0HDA The model was prepared as above. Successful PD model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 15 in each group, respectively, model group, low dose of baicalein (100 mg/kg), middle dose of baicalein (200 mg/kg), high dose of baicalein. Group (400 mg/kg), positive drug Madopar (50 mg/kg). In addition, 15 sham-operated groups were used as controls, saline was administered once a day, and tremor activity was measured in the fifth week after modeling.
  • Rats were fixed with 4% chlorinated anesthesia, opened the thoracic cavity, fixed with saline and 4% polyfurfural, and craniotomy.
  • the substantia nigra and striatum were separated, and the tissue was cut into small pieces of about 1 ⁇ 3 with a sharp blade and fixed in pre-cooled 5% glutaraldehyde at 4 °C for 2 h.
  • the tissue block was taken out and washed 3 times with PBS buffer at 4 °C for 10 min each time; fixed with 1% citric acid at 4 °C for about 1 h; conventional dehydration with ethanol gradient at 4 °C: 50%, 60% 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% 3 times, each time l Omin; Epon812 embedding agent soaking: dehydration of anhydrous acetone 3 times, each time l Omin, 1 /2 anhydrous acetone + 1/2 embedding Agent lh, embedding agent overnight; first heated at 37 °C and 45 °C for 12h, then heated to 60 °C, heat preservation for 24h; diamond knife ultra-thin section, 200 mesh copper mesh tablets; electronic dyeing: contained Ultrathinly sliced copper mesh was stained with uranyl acetate for 30 min and lead nitrate stained for 30 min. H-6000 transmission electron microscope was observed and filmed.
  • the striatum neuron structure was normal, the nuclear chromatin was hooked, no pyknosis, and the membrane was intact.
  • the ultrastructure of organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome and mitochondria were normal.
  • the neurons in the striatum showed obvious pyknosis, nuclear chromatin clusters, increased cytoplasmic electron density, rough endoplasmic reticulum expansion, vacuolization, ribosome depolymerization, mitochondria swelling.
  • Example 14 Effect of baicalein on the morphological changes of blood-brain barrier in rats with Parkinson's disease with unilateral injury of 6-0HDA
  • the sample processing is the same as above.

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Description

黄芩素在制备预防和治疗帕金森病药物中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及黄芩素用于制备预防或治疗帕金森病 或以帕金森病相关症状为特征的疾病的药物中的应用,还涉及黄芩素与黄 酮类化合物及其他物质组合用于制备防治帕金森病的药物制剂。 背景技术
帕金森病(PD )目前已经成为世界上继阿尔茨海默病之后第二大常见 的年龄相关的神经退行性疾病。 全球 60岁以上老人的发病率为 1%, 且随 年龄增长而发病率增加。 在我国, 55岁以上老年人中约有 170多万帕金 森病患者。 目前对 PD主要病理特征的认识为黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元 进行性缺失和死亡, 使黑质 -纹状体通路多巴胺(DA)释放减少, 造成纹状 体 DA含量显著降低。 临床上以震颤、 肌强直、 运动徐緩、 姿势步态障碍 为特征。
目前对 PD的发病机制尚不清楚, 临床上还没有最终可以逆转、 阻止 或减緩 PD病人黑质多巴胺能神经元变性过程的药物。传统的 PD治疗药物 主要有:左旋多巴及其复方多巴制剂、多巴胺受体激动剂、抗胆碱能药物、 单胺氧化酶抑制剂等。这些药物通过不同途径发挥抑制帕金森病人症状的 作用, 能够明显改善帕金森病的症状, 但不能延緩疾病的进程, 不能预防 多巴胺能神经元的退变,且长期应用有严重的毒副作用,甚至导致疾病的 恶化。根据目前药物应用情况分析可见,无论是改善症状或是抑制病情发 展, 预防疾病发生或是治疗帕金森病病的新型药物都是临床治疗的需求。 ba lea lens Is Georgi)的干燥根中所含的黄酮类化合物, 具有式( I )的结 构。
Figure imgf000004_0001
( I )
黄芩素具有多种药理作用, 已有文献报道的药理作用包括: 抗菌、抗 病毒、 抗炎、 抗变态反应、 抗氧化、 清除氧自由基、 抗肿瘤、 抗凝、 抗血 栓形成和保护肝脏、 心脑血管和神经元等作用。
在中国专利 CN 1556108A (公开号)中记载了中国药科大学发明的 "黄 芩素的提取工艺、 药用组合物及制剂制备工艺"。 其中, 涉及了黄芩素及 其药物组合物在治疗各种病毒感染性疾病如肝炎、病毒性感冒、病毒感染 引起的急性呼吸道综合症中的应用。
在中国专利 CN 1608619A (公开号) 中记载了车庆明发明的 "黄芩素 的药物组方"。 其中, 涉及了黄芩素及其药学上可接受的盐类与中、 西药 物配合组方,用于制备药物的新用途,具体包括用于制备解热镇痛抗炎药 物; 用于制备抗菌、 抗病毒药物; 用于制备兼治解热镇痛抗炎和抗菌、 抗 病毒药物。
在中国专利 CN 1606979A (公开号) 中记载了车庆明发明的 "黄芩素 作为解热、 镇痛、 抗炎、 抗菌、 抗病毒剂的作用"。 其中, 涉及了黄芩素 及其药学上可接受的盐类用于制备解热、镇痛、 抗炎、 抗菌、 抗病毒的药 物。
在中国专利 CN 1939295A (公开号) 中记载了天津市长征医院发明的 "黄芩素滴丸剂及其制备方法"。 其中, 涉及了将天然植物黄芩通过常规 的提取和分离, 采用新的药用辅料, 研制成黄芩素滴丸, 用于治疗过敏性 皮肤病。
在中国专利 CN 1559400A (公开号) 中记载了杭州市第一人民医院张 喜平发明的 "一种黄芩素液的配制方法"。 其中, 涉及了一种黄芩素液的 配制方法,它在清除氧自由基,减轻组织缺血再灌注损伤,调节免疫功能, 保肝利胆, 抗感染, 抗肿瘤等方面均有一定的作用, 是多种中药注射液、 口月良液、 胶嚢、 饮片、 丸散、 膏丹的组成成分。
在中国专利 CN 1528289A (公开号) 中记载了西安交通大学李宗芳等 发明的 "治疗急性胰腺炎的复方大黄素黄芩素注射液及其制备方法"。 其 中, 涉及了一种复方大黄素黄芩素注射液的制备方法,它在治疗急性胰腺 炎中的作用。 发明内容
本发明的要解决的技术问题是提供式(I )所示的黄芩素在制药中的新用 途, 即黄芩素在制备预防和治疗帕金森病药物中的应用以及用于预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕金 。
Figure imgf000005_0001
本发明中预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕金森病或症状包括解除疾病症状 和预防、 延緩病情发展或逆转病理发展过程。
本专利发明的黄芩素可以有效緩解帕金森病人的症状;解除以震颤为 主要特征的帕金森症状; 发明了黄芩素可以保护神经细胞的病理性变化, 有利于抑制帕金森病的发展, 促进帕金森病的逆转或恢复。
所述预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕金森病或症状选自改善帕金森病的震 颤症状和 /或运动功能障碍症状。
改善帕金森病的震颤症状主要是通过减少震颤的频率、降低震颤的幅 度实现。
根据本发明黄芩素还可以制备用于预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕金森相 关疾病的药物。
所述的帕金森相关疾病是神经细胞损伤、 神经退行性疾病和 /或神 经递质代谢异常相关的疾病。 根据本发明黄芩素还可以制备用于预防、 緩解和 /或治疗震颤症状 及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
所述的震颤症状及其相关疾病是以肢体肌电活动频繁为特征的。 本发明还提供了一种预防、緩解和 /或治疗帕金森病或症状的药物 组合物, 含有预防或治疗有效量的黄芩素, 以及任选的药学可接受的 载体和 /或辅料。
黄芩素还可以与其他化合物组合用于制备防治帕金森病,特别是与黄 酮类天然产物组合制备的用于治疗帕金森病药物制剂。
因此本发明的药物组合物还可以含有其他黄酮化合物。优选的黄酮化 合物选自槲皮素、 芦丁、 木犀草素中至少一种。
本发明的药物组合物,根据施用途径所述药物组合物可呈选自如下的 剂型: 溶液、 悬液、 乳剂、 丸剂、 片剂、 胶嚢、 粉末、 控制释放或持续释 放制剂。
本发明发现黄芩素具有如下药理作用:
1.黄茶素能预防或治疗帕金森病。
本发明通过对黄芩素进行了一系列实验证明其为预防和治疗帕金森 病的有效药物, 通过建立 6-羟多巴( 6-0HDA )损毁大鼠脑功能的 PD大鼠 模型确定黄芩素对 PD动物模型运动障碍等行为学指标的改善作用, 在 MPTP诱导的 C57BL小鼠帕金森病模型中, 证明了黄芩素可显著改善 MPTP 所致的小鼠自发活动下降, 缩短 MPTP所致的小鼠爬杆时间延长。
2. 黄芩素能治疗帕金森病的震颤症状。
在 6-0HDA损毁的大鼠模型中,黄芩素可明显改善 6-0HDA所致大鼠肌 肉震颤表现, 降低震颤的频率和幅度,并证明这种保护作用主要是改善帕 金森病动物模型的中枢病理状态的结果,与外周神经传导无直接关系,是 黄芩素对帕金森病治疗的重要特点之一。
3. 黄芩素能调节帕金森病动物模型脑內神经递质。
黄芩素可以改变帕金森病模型动物脑内纹状体等区域的单胺类神经 递质, 氨基酸等活性成分的代谢过程和浓度, 可以提高纹状体多巴胺、 高 香草酸与 5-羟色氨的水平, 增加黑质多巴胺能神经元数目和多巴胺转运 体数目, 抑制氧化应激与炎症, 从而发挥防治帕金森病的作用。
4. 黄芩素能保护神经细胞。
本发明涉及黄芩素能浓度依赖性的减轻 6-0HDA致 SH-SY5Y细胞的活 力下降, 减轻 6-0HDA致 SH-SY5Y细胞的凋亡, 提示黄芩素预防和治疗帕 金森病的作用与其抗凋亡、 抗炎与抗氧化作用有关。
本发明还提供了黄芩素作为活性成份和常规药物赋形剂或辅剂的药 物组合物。
本发明化合物的药物组合物可根据本领域公知的方法制备,用于此目 的时,如果需要,可将本发明化合物与一种或多种固体或液体药物赋形剂 和 /或辅剂结合, 制成可作为人药或兽药使用的适当的施用形式或剂量形 式。
例如黄芩素片剂的制备可以使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的 例子是, 例如稀释剂与吸收剂, 如淀粉、 糊精、 硫酸 4弓、 乳糖、 甘露醇、 蔗糖、 氯化钠、 葡萄糖、尿素、碳酸 4弓、 白陶土、微晶纤维素、硅酸铝等; 湿润剂与粘合剂, 如水、 甘油、 聚乙二醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 淀粉浆、 糊精、 糖浆、蜂蜜、 葡萄糖溶液、 阿拉伯胶浆、 明胶浆、羧曱基纤维素钠、 紫胶、 曱基纤维素、 磷酸钾、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等; 崩解剂, 例如干燥淀粉、 海藻 酸盐、 琼脂粉、 褐藻淀粉、 碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、 碳酸 4弓、 聚氧乙烯山梨糖 醇脂肪酸酯、十二烷基橫酸钠、 曱基纤维素、 乙基纤维素等;崩解抑制剂, 例如蔗糖、 三硬脂酸甘油酯、 可可脂、 氢化油等; 吸收促进剂, 例如季铵 盐、 十二烷基硫酸钠等; 润滑剂, 例如滑石粉、 二氧化硅、 玉米淀粉、 硬 脂酸盐、 硼酸、 液体石蜡、 聚乙二醇等。 还可以将片剂进一步制成 包衣 片, 例如糖包衣片、 薄膜包衣片、 肠溶包衣片, 或双层片和多层片。
黄芩素丸剂的制备可以使用本领域公知的各种载体,关于载体的例子 是, 例如稀释剂与吸收剂, 如葡萄糖、 乳糖、 淀粉、可可脂、 氢化植物油、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 高岭土、 滑石粉等; 粘合剂, 如阿拉伯胶、 黄蓍胶、 明 胶、 乙醇、 蜂蜜、 液糖、 米糊或面糊等; 崩解剂, 如琼脂粉、 干燥淀粉、 海藻酸盐、 十二烷基橫酸钠、 曱基纤维素、 乙基纤维素等。
黄芩素胶嚢的制备可将黄芩素与上述的各种载体混合,并将由此得到 的混合物置于硬的明胶胶嚢或软胶嚢中。也可将有效成分本发明化合物制 成 嚢剂,混悬于水性介质中形成混悬剂, 亦可装入硬胶嚢中或制成注射 剂应用。
黄芩素注射用制剂的制备, 如溶液剂、 混悬剂溶液剂、 乳剂、 冻干粉 针剂,这种制剂可以是含水或非水的,可含一种和 /或多种药效学上可接 受的载体、 稀释剂、 粘合剂、 润滑剂、 防腐剂、 表面活性剂或分散剂。 如 稀释剂可选自水、 乙醇、 聚乙二醇、 1 , 3 -丙二醇、 乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、 多氧化的异硬脂醇、 聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯等。 另外, 为了制备等渗注 射液, 可以向注射用制剂中添加适量的氯化钠、 葡萄糖或甘油, 此外, 还 可以添加常规的助溶剂、緩沖剂、 pH调节剂等。 这些辅料是本领域常用的 此外, 如需要, 也可以向药物制剂中添加着色剂、 防腐剂、 香料、 矫 味剂、 甜味剂或其它材料。 给药剂型可以是液体剂型、 固体剂型。 如液体剂型可以是真溶液类、 胶体类、 微粒剂型、 乳剂剂型、 混悬剂型。 其他剂型例如片剂、 胶嚢、 滴 丸、 气雾剂、 丸剂、 粉剂、 溶液剂、 混悬剂、 乳剂、 颗粒剂、 栓剂、 冻干 粉针剂等。
本发明化合物可以制成普通制剂、也可以是緩释制剂、控释制剂、靶 向制剂及各种微粒给药系统。 本发明还提供了通过给与黄芩素或其药物组合物来预防、 緩解和 / 或治疗帕金森病或症 ^大的方法。
为达到用药目的,增强治疗效果,本发明的药物或药物组合物可用任 何公知的给药方法给药。
本发明化合物或含有它的药物组合物可以单位剂量形式给药,给药途 径可为肠道或非肠道, 如口服、 肌肉、 皮下、 鼻腔、 口腔粘膜、 皮肤、 腹 膜或直肠等。
本发明化合物或含有它的药物组合物的给药途径可为注射给药。注射 包括静脉注射、 肌肉注射、 皮下注射、 皮内注射和穴位注射等。 本发明化合物药物组合物的给药剂量取决于许多因素,例如所要预防 或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度, 患者或动物的性别、 年龄、 体重、 性格及 个体反应, 给药途径、 给药次数、 治疗目的, 因此本发明的治疗剂量可以 有大范围的变化。一般来讲,本发明药学成分的使用剂量是本领域技术人 员公知的。可以根据本发明化合物组合物中最后的制剂中所含有的实际药 物数量, 加以适当的调整, 以达到其治疗有效量的要求, 完成本发明的预 防或治疗目的。
每一种治疗所需总剂量可分成多次或按一次剂量给药。本发明的化合 物或组合物可单独服用, 或与其他治疗药物合并使用并调整剂量。 附图说明
图 1. 黄芩素对 MPTP致帕金森病小鼠纹状体单胺类递质的影响。 #Ρ<0· 05, ##Ρ<0. 01 vs MPTP模型组, *Ρ<0· 05, **Ρ<0· 01 vs 正常对 照组 ·
图 2. 黄芩素对 MPTP致帕金森病小鼠脑黑质 TH, DAT, GFAP的影响。 #Ρ<0· 05, ##Ρ<0. 01 vs MPTP模型组, *Ρ<0· 05, **Ρ<0· 01 vs 正常对 照组 ·
图 3. 黄芩素对 6-0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠震颤活动的影响。
#Ρ<0· 05, ##Ρ<0· 01 vs 6- 0HDA模型组, *Ρ<0· 05, **Ρ<0· 01 vs 假手 术组.
图 4. 黄芩素对 6-0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠外周神经传导速度的影响。 #P<0. 05 vs 6- 0HDA模型组, *P<0. 05 vs 殳手术组.
图 5. 黄芩素对 6-0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠脑黑质 TH , GFAP的影响。 #Ρ<0· 05, ##Ρ<0· 01 vs 6- 0HDA模型组, *Ρ<0· 05, **Ρ<0· 01 vs 假手 术组.
图 6. 黄芩素对 6-0HDA致 SH-SY5Y细胞损伤存活率的影响
#P<0. 05 vs 6-OHDA, *P<0. 05 vs 空白组.
图 7. 细胞核染色法检测黄芩素对 6-0HDA致 SH-SY5Y细胞调亡的影 响 (a:空白组; b: 6-0HDA组; c: 黄芩素低剂量组; d: 黄芩素中剂量组; e: 黄芩素高剂量组)
图 8. 流式细胞仪检测黄芩素对 6-0HDA致 SH-SY5Y细胞调亡的影 响。
#P< 0. 05 vs 6-0HDA, *P< 0. 05, * *Ρ< 0· 01 vs 空白组.
图 9. 黄芩素改善 6-0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠震颤活动的给药剂量选择。 图 1 0.黄芩素对 6-0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠震颤抑制率及持续时间的影响。 图 1 1.黄芩素对 6-0HDA单侧损伤大鼠脑纹状体神经元超微结构的影 响。
图 12.黄芩素对 6-0HDA单侧损伤大鼠血脑屏障形态学变化的影响。 术语和筒称
MPTP: 1 _曱基- 4 -苯基 _1, 2, 3, 6-四氢吡啶
6-0HDA: 6 -羟基多巴胺 具体实施方式
下述实施例具体显示本发明的应用。 但本实施例不限定本发明的 使用范围。 实施例 1、 黄芩素对 MPTP诱导 PD小鼠行为学的改善作用 模型建立与分组
C57BL/ 6小鼠随机分为 3组, 分别为正常对照组、 MPTP模型组、 黄芩 素给药组(200 mg/kg) , 每组 12只。 对照组和模型组预先给予灌喂生理盐 水, 给药组给予上述剂量的药物, 连续灌胃给药一周后, 在第 8天模型组 和给药组腹腔注射 MPTP (30 mg/kg), 每天一次, 连续 5天, 第 1 3天观察 小鼠的行为学指标检测。 行为学检测 1. 自发活动实验 使用小鼠自主活动仪(ZIL-2型小鼠自主活动仪, 中国医学科学院药物研究所)测定小鼠自发活动并计数, 将小鼠放入自主 活动箱中(高 1 3 cm, 直径 25 cm, 每次同时测定 4只小鼠, 每个活动箱中 1只), 由记录仪自动记录小鼠活动, 测定前每只小鼠先自由活动 3分钟, 然后测定每只小鼠 5 min内的活动次数。
2. 爬杆实验 将一直径为 2. 5cm的软木小球固定于一根长 50 cm直 径 1 cm的木杆顶端, 木杆上缠以纱布以防打滑, 作为实验爬杆。 实验期 间,每天引导小鼠从杆顶爬到杆底,每天 2次。 测试时将被测小鼠置于软 木小球上, 记录小鼠爬到杆底所需要的时间并作统计学分析,超过 60 s 的以 60 s计。在给药前先测定所有小鼠爬杆时间,并在末次腹腔注射 MPTP 后 l h, 再次测定其爬杆时间, 每只小鼠测 3次取平均值。 以末次爬杆时 间减去给药前爬杆时间的差值, 作为衡量小鼠因 MPTP引起肢体协调能力 下降程度的指标。
MPTP可明显的降低小鼠的自发活动次数和延长小鼠爬竿时间, 而黄 芩素可显著改善 MPTP所致的小鼠自发活动下降, 缩短小鼠爬杆时间的延 长, 这显示黄芩素能明显改善 PD模型小鼠的肢体协调能力, 并增加小鼠 的运动 (表 1、 2 ) 。 表 1 黄芩素对 MPTP诱导的 PD小鼠自发活动的影响
组别 预处理前 损伤后 变化率
正常对照组 179.40±17.65 158.70±13.14 -20.70±18.77
MPTP模型组 191.00±11.81 20.70±8.27* -170.30±9.58* 黄芩素组 (200 mg/kg) 152.75士 14.51 44.50士12.26 -108.25士 22.47#* 注: #P<0.05 vs. MPTP模型组, *P<0.05 vs. 正常对照组 N=12. (mean±S.D) 表 2 黄芩素对 MPTP诱导的 PD小鼠爬竿时间的影响 组别 预处理前 损伤后 变化率 正常对照组 22.67±3.02 23.97±3.81 1.30±2.31
MPTP模型组 22.18±3.89 35.97±4.51 13.78±1.94* 黄芩素组 (200 mg/kg) 27.05±4.01 30.25±3.56 3.19±2.70#
P<0.05 vs. MPTP模型组, *P<0.05 vs. 正常对照组 N=12. (mean±S.D) 实施例 2、黄芩素对 MPTP诱导 PD小鼠脑纹状体内单胺类递质的影响 模型建立与分组同上。 每组取 6只小鼠进行取材,断头开颅取脑, 冰 盘上分离两侧黑质和纹状体, 冻存于液氮。取一侧纹状体进行神经递质的 测定。 取纹状体称重、 记录, 冰浴中于 0.2 ml匀浆液中匀浆 40 s, 80% 超声能量, cycle = 0.7, 4°C 12000 rpm离心 30 min, 取上清液用高效 液相电化学的方法检测多巴胺(DA)及其代谢产物二羟苯乙酸(DOP AC)、 高 香草酸(HVA) , 5_羟色胺(5-HT)及其代谢产物 5 -羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的水 平, 每次进样 20 μ 1。 流动相: 0.1 mol/1 ¾H2P04水溶液含 0.85 mmol/1 0SA、 0.5 mmol/1 EDTANa2和 11 %曱醇, 用浓磷酸调 H至 3.25, 0.45 μ m i孔滤膜抽滤脱气; 固定相: Hypersil C185 μηι填充不锈钢柱。 工作 电压 +0.75 mV, 柱温 35 °C, 流速 0.8 ml/min。
与正常对照组相比, 小鼠连续腹腔注射 MPTP 5天后, 纹状体中的 DA 及其代谢产物 D0PAC、 HVA含量均显著下降。用黄芩素预处理后, DA和 HVA 含量均显著增加, 但 D0PAC的含量无明显变化(图 1 A)。 MPTP也可导致 纹状体中的 5-HT含量显著的下降, 但对 5-HIAA的含量没有显著的影响。 用黄芩素预处理后, 纹状体中 5-HT的含量显著增加(图 1 B)。 实施例 3、黄芩素对 MPTP诱导 PD小鼠脑黑质酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH) , 多 巴胺转运体 (DAT), 源性纤维蛋白(GFAP)表达的影响
模型建立与分组同上。 每组取 6只行免疫组化检测。 用 4%水合氯醛 麻醉固定, 打开胸腔, 分别用生理盐水和 4%多聚曱醛灌注固定, 开颅取 脑。 置于 4%多聚曱醛中后固定 1天, 再换入含 30%蔗糖的 0.01 MPBS中。 待脑组织下沉后用冰冻切片机切取 20 μηι厚冠状平面的脑片。 脑片用 PBST (PH=7. 4)振荡漂洗 3次, 每次 10 min; 再用 3%的 H202处理 10 min, PBST振荡漂洗 3次, 每次 1 0 min; 用封闭液孵育 1 h; 加入一抗(TH , 1 : 500; DAT, 1 : 200 ; GFAP , 1 : 400) , 4 °C孵育过夜。 PBST振荡漂洗 3 次,每次 10 min后,分别与生物素标记的二抗(1 : 300)室温孵育 1 h; PBST 振荡漂洗 3次, 每次 10 min后, 与卵白素-生物素复合物(ABC)室温孵育 2 h; 再次 PBST振荡漂洗 3次, 每次 10 min。 DAB显色, 镜下观察, 适时 用 PBS终止反应。免疫组化对照组不加一抗,用 PBS代替,其余步骤同前。 贴片, 晾干, 乙醇梯度脱水, 二曱苯透明, 中性树胶封片, 光镜下观察并 摄片。 免疫组化切片采用 IPP5. 1图像分析系统进行图像分析, 所有切片 均采用同一放大倍数(X 200)。 每只小鼠选取 3张切片, 分别累计左侧和 右侧黑质的免疫反应阳性神经元数目并计算其均数。
MPTP腹腔连续注射 5天后,黑质 TH免疫阳性神经元和 DAT免疫阳性
DAT阳性神经元数目有一定程度的增加,说明黄芩素具有一定的神经元保 护作用。 另外, MPTP可使黑质内 GFAP免疫阳性星形胶质细胞数目显著增 加, 而黄芩素可显著降低 GFAP免疫阳性星形胶质细胞的数目, 说明黄芩 素可以通过抑制胶质细胞反应性增生来抑制炎症反应 (图 2 )。 实施例 4、黄芩素对 MPTP诱导 PD小鼠脑超氧化物歧化酶( SOD )、谷 胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH- Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA )含量的影响
模型建立与分组同上。 鼠断头开颅, 取脑组织标本, 以滤纸吸干表面 残血, 去处嗅球、 脑干、 小脑。 脑组织标本分别置于玻璃勾浆器, 用冰生 理盐水按质量与体积比为 1 : 9的比例冰浴下制备成 1 0%的脑组织匀浆, 立即放入 -4 (TC冰箱保存待测。 实验前以考马斯亮蓝法测定脑组织蛋白定 量。 按南京建成生物工程研究所试剂盒说明书要求, 用 Spec t ra Max M5 酶标仪分别测定脑组织中 S0D、 GSH-Px活性和 MDA含量。
MPTP腹腔注射 5天可导致脑组织中 MDA水平显著升高, GSH-Px水平 显著降低, 而 SOD含量未见明显变化, 黄芩素可显著降低脑组织中 MDA 水平, 增加 SOD活性与 GSH-Px水平(表 3 ) , 表现出明显的抗氧化活性。 表 3 黄芩素对 MPTP诱导的 PD小鼠脑组织 S0D、 GSH-Px活性和 MDA 水平的影响
MDA SOD GSH-Px 组别
(nmol/mg protein) (U/mg protein) (U/mg protein) 正常对照组 8.51±0.33 4.80±0.5 130.85±30.06 MPTP模型组 12.64±1.33* 4.66 ±0.46 54.22±9.53*
7.87士
黄芩素组 (200 mg/kg) 5.98±0.75# 96.00 ±9.99#
1.18H
(P<0.05 vs. MPTP模型组, *P<0.05 vs. 正常对照组, N=6. (mean±S.D) 实施例 5、 黄芩素对 6- 0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠震顫活动的改善作用 模型制备
健康雄性 SD大鼠随机分成 2组, 分别为假手术组和模型组。 3%戊巴 比妥钠(50 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉, 常规皮肤消毒后, 将大鼠头部固定在立 体定位仪上, 暴露颅骨后参照 Paxinos和 Watson鼠脑立体定位图谱, 在 左侧相当于 MFB区的颅骨表面钻孔, 直径约 2.5 cm。 清理脑膜后, 在三 维推动器的引导下行 MFB两点注射 6-0HDA(4 mg/ml)。 坐标如下:
(1) TB: -2.3 mm, AP: -4.4 mm, ML: 1.2 mm, V: -7.8 mm; (2) TB: +3.4 mm, AP: -4.0 mm, ML: 0.8 mm, V: -8.0 mm。 两点注射 6-0HDA的量均为 3 μ 1, 注射速度控制在 1 μ ΐ/min, 每次注射后留针 10 min后緩慢出针。 术后 连续 3 d肌注青霉素 20万 U/d以防感染。 假手术组大鼠注射等量的生理 盐水。 于术后第 14天测试阿朴吗啡(AP0, 皮下注射, 0.2 mg/kg)诱导的 旋转行为。 AP0注射后, 动物向注射 6-0HDA的对侧做旋转运动, 每运动 360° , 作为一次旋转。 选取转速> 240 r/40 min的大鼠作为成功 PD模 型大鼠。 将成功 PD模型大鼠随机分为 3组, 每组 12只, 分别为模型组, 黄茶素组(baicalein, 200 mg/kg) ,阳性药美多芭组( madopar, 50mg/kg)。 另外取假手术组 12只作为对照, 每天给予生理盐水一次, 于造模后第三 周进行大鼠震颤活动的测定。 震颤活动的检测
将双记录电极插在大鼠臀部肌肉上, 参考电极接地。 使用 BL-420E 生物信号采集器对清醒大鼠后肢进行震颤活动测定,评价其震颤频率和震 颤幅度。 刺激信号选择 1毫伏(mv) , 0. 015毫秒 (ms) , 扫描速度为 0. 01 秒(s) , 10 kHz滤波。 分别记录 3个 1分钟内大鼠震颤的频率和幅度, 取 平均值。
测试结果显示, 与^^手术组相比, 6-0HDA损伤组的震颤频率和震颤 幅度具有有显著的增加; 与模型组相比, 黄芩素和美多芭可明显改善 6-0HDA所致帕金森病模型大鼠的震颤活动, 减少震颤频率, 降低震颤幅 度(图 3 )。 实施例 6、 黄芩素对 6- 0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠外周神经传导速度的影响 模型制备与分组同上。 大鼠经戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉, 俯卧固定。 刺激 电极为双针电极,插入坐骨神经窝处坐骨神经干附近, 引导电极为双针电 极, 插入腓肠肌肌腹, 两电极相距约 2 cm。 设备采用 BL-420E生物信号 采集器, 刺激信号选择 0. 6毫伏 (mv) , 0. 02毫秒 (ms) , 单刺激, 扫描速 度为 0. 01秒(s) , 1kHz滤波, 引导信号放大 50倍, 每分钟刺激一次, 共 刺激六次。 计算神经肌肉动作电位潜伏期, 传导速度计算公式为:
V =刺激电极到引导电极的距离(mm) / 潜伏期(ms)。
实验结果显示, 6-0HDA模型组大鼠外周神经传导速度较假手术组明 显增快, 黄芩素对外周神经传导速度无明显的抑制作用 (图 4 ), 这提示 黄芩素对 6-0HDA损毁大鼠模型的保护作用与外周神经传导无直接关系。 实施例 7、黄芩素对 6- 0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠脑黑质酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH) , 源性纤维蛋白(GFAP)表达的影响
模型建立与分组同上。 每组取 6只行免疫组化检测。 用 4%水合氯醛 麻醉固定, 打开胸腔, 分别用生理盐水和 4%多聚曱醛灌注固定, 开颅取 脑。 置于 4%多聚曱醛中后固定 1天, 再换入含 30%蔗糖的 0. 01 M PBS中。 待脑组织下沉后用冰冻切片机切取 20 μ ηι厚冠状平面的脑片。 脑片用 PBST(PH=7.4)振荡漂洗 3次, 每次 10 min; 再用 3%的 H202处理 10 min, PBST振荡漂洗 3次, 每次 10 min; 用封闭液孵育 1 h; 加入一抗(TH, 1: 500; GFAP, 1: 400) , 4°C孵育过夜。 PBST振荡漂洗 3次, 每次 10 min 后, 分别与生物素标记的二抗(1: 300)室温孵育 1 h; PBST振荡漂洗 3次, 每次 10 min后, 与卵白素-生物素复合物(ABC)室温孵育 2 h; 再次 PBST 振荡漂洗 3次,每次 10min。 DAB显色,镜下观察, 适时用 PBS终止反应。 免疫组化对照组不加一抗, 用 PBS代替, 其余步骤同前。 贴片, 晾干, 乙 醇梯度脱水, 二曱苯透明, 中性树胶封片, 光镜下观察并摄片。 免疫组化 切片采用 IPP5.1图像分析系统进行图像分析, 所有切片均采用同一放大 倍数(X 200)。 每只大鼠选取 3张切片, 分别累计左侧和右侧黑质的免疫 反应阳性神经元数目并计算其均数。
6-0HDA脑定位注射后, 黑质 TH免疫阳性神经元数目显著下降, 预先 给予黄芩素可使 TH阳性神经元数目有一定程度的增加, 说明黄芩素具有 一定的神经元保护作用。 另外, 6-0HDA可使黑质内 GFAP免疫阳性星形胶 质细胞数目显著增加, 而黄芩素可显著降低 GFAP免疫阳性星形胶质细胞 的数目, 说明黄芩素可以通过抑制胶质细胞反应性增生来抑制炎症反应 (图 5)。 实施例 8、 黄芩素对 6- 0HDA损伤细胞活力的影响
细胞的培养与处理
SH-SY5Y细胞以完全 RMPI1640培养基(含 10%胎牛血清, 100 U/ml 青霉素, 100 g/ml链霉素, 1%谷氨酰胺), 于 37°C, 5%C02饱和湿度条 件下培养。每 2-3天换一次液。取对数生长期的细胞, 以完全培养基调整 细胞浓度为 1 X 105个 /ml,接种至 96孔培养板,每孔 200 μ 1, 培养 24 h 至亚融合状态。 换用无血清培养基, 同时加入黄芩素 (终浓度 5, 0.5, 0.05 g/ml) 孵育 lh后, 再加入 6- 0HDA (终浓度 100 μΜ) , 24 h后进 行测定。
细胞活力的测定
加入无血清培养基配制的 MTT 200 μ 1, 终浓度为 0.5 mg/ml, 37 °C 继续培养 4 h后,移走 MTT,加入二曱亚砜 200 μ ΐ溶解细胞染色的晶体, 在 570 nm处读取吸收值。 以正常对照组细胞存活率为 100%, 计算不同处 理组细胞存活率。
MTT检测结果显示, 100 μΜ 6-0HDA作用 SH-SY5Y细胞 24h可导致细 胞活力显著下降, 而预先给予黄芩素(0.5, 5 μ g/ml)可显著提高细胞的 存活能力, 结果以细胞存活率表示 (图 6)。 实施例 9、 黄芩素对 6- 0HDA损伤细胞调亡形态学的影响
细胞的培养与处理同上。 药物作用结束后, 吸尽培养液, 用 PBS洗一 遍。 加入 200 μ 1 固定液, 固定 10min。 弃去固定液, 加入含 Hoechest 33258 (终浓度 10 μ g/ml) 的 PBS液, 置于细胞培养箱中孵育 5 min, 于 荧光显微镜下观察, 以紫外光激发, 同时拍照。
Hoechest染色结果显示, 正常培养的对照组细胞的细胞核多数为大 小较一致、 染色均匀的圓形核, 偶见固缩浓染核; 而经 6-0HDA处理 12 h 的细胞不仅细胞数减少, 且出现凋亡的细胞核增多, 染色质发生固缩, 细 胞核致密浓染, 形状不规则, 呈颗粒、 小块状。 给予黄芩素可显著改善上 述凋亡相关的细胞形态学的改变(图 7)。 实施例 10、 黄芩素对 6- 0HDA损伤细胞凋亡率的影响
药物作用结束后收集细胞, 以 PBS洗两遍。 收集的细胞沉淀加入 70 %乙醇混匀, 4°C固定过夜, 1000 rpm离心 5min, 弃去固定液。 3 ml PBS 重悬沉淀 5 min, 用 400目钢丝网过滤, 4°C, 1500 rpm离心 10 min, 弃 上清。 在沉淀中加入 lml PBS, 加入 PI (终浓度 100 μ g/ml)。 4°C避光 30 min, 用流式细胞仪检测 10000个细胞, 激发波长为 488 nm, 发射波长为 630 nm, 并计算凋亡百分率。
流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率结果表明, 正常情况下细胞凋亡率小于 5%, 而 100 μΜ的 6-0HDA作用于 SH-SY5Y细胞 12 h可明显增加细胞凋亡 率, 给予 0.5, 5 μ§/ηι1的黄芩素可显著抑制细胞凋亡 (图 8 )。 实施例 11、 黄芩素改善 6- OHDA偏侧损伤大鼠纹状体(CPu )对大鼠 震顫活动的给药剂量选择
模型制备
健康雄性 SD大鼠随机分成 2组, 分别为假手术组和模型组。 3%戊巴 比妥钠(50 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉, 常规皮肤消毒后, 将大鼠头部固定在立 体定位仪上, 暴露颅骨后参照 Pax inos和 Wat son鼠脑立体定位图谱, 在 左侧相当于 CPu区的颅骨表面钻孔, 直径约 2. 5 清理脑膜后, 在三 维推动器的引导下行 CPu两点注射 6-0HDA (2 mg/ml) 0 坐标如下:
(1) TB: -3. 3 mm, AP: -0. 7 mm, ML: 2. 5 mm, V: -5. 5 mm; (2) TB: -3. 3 mm, AP: -0. 3 mm, ML: 3. 5 mm, V: -5. 5 mm。 两点注射 6-0HDA的量均为 5 μΐ , 注射速度控制在 1 μΐ/min, 每次注射后留针 10 min后緩慢出针。 术后连 续 3 d肌注青霉素 20万 U/d以防感染。 假手术组大鼠注射等量的生理盐 水。 于术后第 14天测试阿朴吗啡(AP0, 皮下注射, 0. 2 mg/kg)诱导的旋 转行为。 AP0注射后, 动物向注射 6-0HDA的对侧做旋转运动, 每运动 360 。 , 作为一次旋转。 选取转速> 210 r/ 30 min的大鼠作为成功 PD模型大 鼠。
震颤活动的检测
将双记录电极插在大鼠臀部肌肉上, 参考电极接地。 使用 BL-420E 生物信号采集器对清醒大鼠后肢进行震颤活动测定,评价其震颤频率和震 颤幅度。 刺激信号选择 1毫伏(mv) , 0. 015毫秒 (ms) , 扫描速度为 0. 01 秒(s) , 10 kHz滤波。 分别记录 3个 1分钟内大鼠震颤的频率和幅度, 取 平均值。
随机选择 PD模型大鼠于给药前考察黄芩素( 50 , 100 , 150 , 200 , 300 , 400mg/kg ) 6个不同浓度改善帕金森病模型大鼠的震颤活动的情况, (图 9 )。 根据浓度 -震颤抑制率关系, 选择 100 , 200 , 400mg/kg三个给药剂 量。 实施例 12、不同剂量黄芩素对 6- 0HDA偏侧损伤大鼠震颤活动抑制率 及持续时间的影响 模型制备同上。 将成功 PD模型大鼠随机分为 5组, 每组 15只, 分别 为模型组, 黄芩素低剂量组(100 mg/kg) , 黄芩素中剂量组(200 mg/kg) , 黄芩素高剂量组(400 mg/kg) , 阳性药美多芭组(50mg/kg )。 另外取假手 术组 15只作为对照, 每天给予生理盐水一次, 于造模后第五周进行大鼠 震颤活动的测定。
大鼠震颤活动的检测同实施例 11。
测试结果显示, 与^ ί艮手术组相比, 6-0HDA损伤组的震颤频率和震颤幅 度具有显著的增加; 与模型组相比, 黄芩素可明显改善 6-0HDA所致大鼠 的震颤活动,减少震颤频率,且随着给药药物浓度的增加对震颤频率的抑 制也增加。在观察给药后各个时间点频率的变化发现, 给予黄芩素后, 大 鼠震颤频率逐渐受到抑制,在约 90min时对震颤频率的抑制达到最大,随 后逐渐恢复, 在 480min内恢复至给药前水平。 而美多芭则起效迅速, 在 l Omin时即可几乎完全抑制震颤, 随后大鼠震颤频率逐渐恢复, 300min 内恢复至给药前水平 (图 10 )。 实施例 13、黄芩素对 6- 0HDA单侧损伤帕金森病大鼠脑纹状体神经元 超微结构的影响
模型建立与分组同上。 大鼠用 4%水合氯 麻醉固定, 打开胸腔, 分别 用生理盐水和 4%多聚曱醛灌注固定, 开颅取脑。 分离黑质与纹状体, 用 锋利刀片将组织修成约 1匪 3的小块, 并置于 4 °C预冷的 5%戊二醛中固定 2h。 取出组织块, 用 4 °C的 PBS緩沖液沖洗 3次, 每次 l Omin; 用 4 °C 1% 的锇酸后固定约 lh; 4 °C条件下乙醇梯度常规脱水: 50%、 60%、 70%、 80%、 90%、 100%3次, 每次 l Omin; Epon812包埋剂浸透: 无水丙酮脱水 3次, 每次 l Omin, 1 /2无水丙酮 + 1/2包埋剂 lh, 包埋剂过夜; 先经 37 °C与 45 °C加温各 12h, 再升温至 60 °C , 保温 24h; 钻石刀超薄切片, 200目铜网 捞片; 电子染色:载有超薄切片的铜网用醋酸双氧铀染色 30min, 硝酸铅 染色 30min。 H-6000型透射电镜观察并拍片。
正常对照组大鼠纹状体神经元结构正常, 核染色质均勾, 无固缩, 胞 膜完整, 细胞器如粗面内质网, 核糖体, 线粒体的超微结构均正常。 脑定 位注射 6-OHDA后, 大鼠纹状体内可见明显固缩的神经元,核染色质成簇, 细胞胞浆电子密度增高,粗面内质网扩张呈空泡状,核糖体解聚, 线粒体 肿胀。 给予 DL0705不同剂量和美多芭进行治疗后, 细胞内的情况都有不 同程度的改善, 表现为固缩神经元的数目减少, 核与胞浆电子密度降低, 细胞器情况明显改善, 空泡减少(图 11)。 实施例 14、黄芩素对 6- 0HDA单侧损伤帕金森病大鼠血脑屏障形态学 变化的影响
样本处理同上。
在电镜下观察了星形细胞足突和血管的一般形态学变化, 正常大鼠电 镜下星形细胞和血管均无肿胀, 脑定位注射 6-0HDA后, 星形细胞足突和 血管明显肿胀, 管腔受压变形, 血管周围形成空泡,。 黄芩素治疗后星形 细胞和血管明显肿胀均有一定程度的减轻 (图 12)。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 如通式( I )所示的黄芩素在制备用于预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕金森 病或症状的药物中的应用。
Figure imgf000021_0001
2、 根据权利要求 1的应用, 其特征在于, 所述预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕 金森病或症状选自改善帕金森病的震颤症状和 /或运动功能障碍症状。
3、 根据权利要求 2的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的改善帕金森病的震颤症 状是减少震颤的频率、 降低震颤的幅度。
4、 如通式( I )所示的黄芩素在制备用于预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕金森 相关疾病的药物中的
Figure imgf000021_0002
5、根据权利要求 4的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的帕金森相关疾病是神经 细胞损伤、 神经退行性疾病和 /或神经递质代谢异常相关的疾病。
6、 如通式( I )所示的黄芩素在制备用于预防、 緩解和 /或治疗震颤症 状及其相关疾病的药物中的应用。
Figure imgf000022_0001
( I )
7、 根据权利要求 6的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的震颤症状及其相关疾病 是以肢体肌电活动频繁为特征的。
8、 黄芩素用于预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕金森病或帕金森相关疾病的方 法。
9、 一种预防、 緩解和 /或治疗帕金森病或症状的药物组合物, 其特 征在于, 含有预防或治疗有效量的黄芩素, 以及任选的药学可接受 的载体和 /或辅料。
10、根据权利要求 9的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的药物组合物还含 有其他黄酮化合物。
11、 根据权利要求 10的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的黄酮化合物选 自槲皮素、 芦丁、 木犀草素中至少一种。
12、 根据权利要求 9的药物组合物, 其特征在于, #居施用途径所述 药物组合物可呈选自如下的剂型: 溶液、 悬液、 乳剂、 丸剂、 片 剂、 胶嚢、 粉末、 控制释放或持续释放制剂。
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