WO2012039376A1 - フロストシリアル食品及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
フロストシリアル食品及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012039376A1 WO2012039376A1 PCT/JP2011/071331 JP2011071331W WO2012039376A1 WO 2012039376 A1 WO2012039376 A1 WO 2012039376A1 JP 2011071331 W JP2011071331 W JP 2011071331W WO 2012039376 A1 WO2012039376 A1 WO 2012039376A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cereal food
- catechin
- catechins
- frosted
- mass
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 235000015496 breakfast cereal Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 6
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- 235000005487 catechin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- 150000001765 catechin Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 93
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021552 granulated sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003278 haem Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940059442 hemicellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010002430 hemicellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019534 high fructose corn syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010022437 insomnia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020333 oolong tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium L-tartrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111695 potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011005 potassium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013014 purified material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N rebaudioside A Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OVVGHDNPYGTYIT-BNXXONSGSA-N rutinose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OVVGHDNPYGTYIT-BNXXONSGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940085605 saccharin sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010497 wheat germ oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/117—Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
- A23L7/122—Coated, filled, multilayered or hollow ready-to-eat cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a frosted cereal food (cereal food coated with sugar) containing catechins and a method for producing the same.
- Catechin is known to have physiological functions such as an ⁇ -amylase activity inhibitory action and a cholesterol absorption inhibitory action in addition to a generally known function as an antioxidant (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Catechins those derived from plants such as tea, grapes, apples and soybeans are widely used since they are added to food.
- JP-A-60-156614 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-133828 European Patent Application Publication No. 1844664A1
- the concentration should reach an effective amount from the relationship with the amount of food consumed, depending on the target physiological effect. It is necessary to add catechins to food.
- two methods can be considered as a method of containing catechins.
- One is a method of kneading catechins into dough when manufacturing cereal foods, and the other is a method of coating cereal foods with catechins mixed in a saccharide solution used to make frosted cereals. .
- the former method is a simpler method, but when matcha is used as the raw material for catechins, the content of catechins in matcha is about 10% by mass (hereinafter, “%” representing the composition is mass% unless otherwise specified) Since it is before and after, the blending amount of matcha tea in the cereal food is 10 times the blending amount of the desired catechins. In addition, even when a commercially available catechin preparation extracted from tea leaves and dried as a raw material for catechins is used, the concentration of catechins in the catechin preparation is only about 30 to 40%, which is based on the desired amount of catechins. Several times the amount of the preparation must be added. The inventor believes that even when a large amount of catechin preparation is kneaded into the dough in the process of roasting in the production of cereal foods, the content of catechins decreases due to exposure to high temperature and high pressure. I found it.
- this heat history can be avoided by using a method of coating a shaped cereal food with a saccharide solution containing catechins.
- matcha is mixed with a sugar solution and adhered to the surface of the cereal food.
- the blending of matcha in this product is aimed at imparting a matcha flavor and is not intended for high content of catechins, so the blended amount of matcha is very small.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a frosted cereal food having a good appearance despite containing a high content of catechins.
- the present inventor examined various catechin preparation contents in the coating material in the frosted cereal food, the more solid content other than saccharides relative to the saccharide in the coating material, the more the appearance of the frosted cereal food is impaired, On the other hand, when the ratio of non-polymer catechins in the solid content other than saccharides was increased, it was found that the appearance is not easily impaired.
- the present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- the present invention is a frosted cereal food containing catechins in an amount of 0.1% or more based on the amount of dry matter of the frosted cereal food, and the solid content other than sugar in the coating material of the frosted cereal food is 1% or more. Further, the present invention relates to a frosted cereal food in which the proportion of catechins in the solid content other than the saccharide is 40% or more. In the present invention, after molding cereal food, the cereal food is coated with a saccharide solution containing a purified product of a catechin-containing plant extract in which the proportion of catechins in the solid content is 40% or more, The present invention relates to a method for producing frosted cereal food.
- the frosted cereal food of the present invention maintains a good appearance as a cereal food despite the high content of catechins in the coating material.
- catechins can be highly contained in cereal foods because catechins do not decrease due to high temperatures during the process of forming cereal foods.
- the cereal food is a food generally called breakfast cereal (Ready to eat, Breakfast cereal), such as corn, rice, brown rice, wheat, barley, rye, buckwheat, buckwheat, buckwheat, etc.
- the main ingredient is cereal grains processed by pressing, molding, expanding, roasting, etc. from cereals obtained from cereals, and is generally eaten as it is or with heating by adding liquid foods such as milk.
- the frosted cereal food of the present invention is obtained by coating a cereal food with a material mainly composed of sugar.
- this coated material is referred to as a frosted cereal food coating material.
- “Frost” is derived from the fact that sugars crystallize on the surface of cereal foods and look like frost.
- the frosted cereal food is included in the cereal food.
- catechins mean non-polymer catechins, and non-epimeric catechins such as catechin, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate (GCg); and epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, It is a general term for epi-catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg).
- catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate are collectively referred to as non-polymerized catechin gallate bodies.
- the catechin purified product described later used in the present invention preferably contains epigallocatechin gallate and / or its isomer and epicatechin gallate and / or its isomer.
- the gallate body ratio in catechins is a numerical value represented by the percentage with respect to the total mass of eight types of non-polymer catechins of these four types total mass.
- the isomer of epigallocatechin gallate according to the present invention is gallocatechin gallate
- the isomer of epicatechin gallate is catechin gallate.
- the content of catechins in the frosted cereal food is 0.1% or more (that is, 0.1% or more in the frosted cereal food dry matter), preferably 0 From 2 to 10%, more preferably from 0.21 to 5%, further from 0.25 to 2%, particularly preferably from 0.3 to 1.7% is preferable from the viewpoint of physiological effects.
- the frosted cereal food dry matter amount means the mass of the cereal food after the frosted cereal food is heated for 2 hours in a constant temperature drier set at 105 ° C. and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator.
- the catechins are preferably present in the coating material of the frosted cereal food.
- the ratio of the solid content other than the saccharide in the coating material is 1% or more, and the ratio of the catechins in the solid content other than the saccharide is 40% or more.
- the proportion of solids other than saccharides in the coating material is such that the saccharides are uniformly crystallized to form a good frost, and a cereal food containing an amount of catechins necessary for the expression of physiological effects can be stably obtained. From this point, it is preferably 1 to 25%, more preferably 5 to 15%, particularly preferably 7 to 13%. From the same point, the proportion of catechins in the solid content other than saccharides in the coating material is preferably 45 to 80%, more preferably 50 to 75%, and particularly preferably 60 to 70%.
- a purified product of a catechin-containing plant extract (hereinafter referred to as “catechin purified product”) is used, and this is mixed with a saccharide solution. It is preferable to coat the cereal food product (a saccharide solution containing a purified product of a catechin-containing plant extract).
- the catechin purified product is a product obtained by further purifying an extract obtained from a plant containing catechins.
- the catechin purified product, its hydrolyzate, and other flavonoids are called tannins. Contains things.
- the content of tannin in the solid content in the catechin purified product is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 40 to 99%, particularly 45 to 80%, and especially 50 to 70%, which is necessary for manifesting physiological effects in cereals.
- Catechins are preferred because they can be contained stably.
- the catechin content in the solid content in the purified catechin is preferably 35% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and further 40 to 90%, particularly 45 to 80%.
- the amount of catechins necessary for the expression of the action is preferable because it can be stably contained.
- the amount of catechins can be measured by high performance liquid chromatography under the conditions described in the examples, and the amount of tannin is determined by using ethyl gallate as a standard solution by the iron tartrate method under the conditions described in the examples. Used, and can be measured by the converted amount of gallic acid.
- the purified catechin used in the present invention is solid, powder or liquid.
- the purified product of catechin has a turbidity of 40 ° C. (formazin) or less, more preferably 35 ° C. or less, particularly 25 ° C.
- the saccharides uniformly crystallize into a good frosted form, the frosted cereal food containing the amount of catechins necessary for the expression of physiological effects can be stably obtained, and the viscosity of the saccharide solution It is preferable from the viewpoint of low dischargeability and good coverage.
- the purified catechin has an absorbance at 671.5 nm of 0.4 or less, further 0.35 or less, particularly 0.25 or less when a cell having an optical path length of 10 mm is used in a 1.0% solid content aqueous solution.
- the purified catechin product preferably has a viscosity of 20 m ° C.
- frosted cereal food containing catechins in an amount necessary for the expression of physiological effects can be obtained stably, the viscosity of the liquid for mixing with the saccharide solution is low, and the discharge property and covering property are good It is preferable from the point.
- the catechin purified product has a sum of the contents of (A) myricetin, (B) quercetin and (C) kaempferol (content of (A) + (B) + (C)) of 0.000001-5%, Furthermore, 0.00001 to 3%, especially 0.001 to 1.8% is that the saccharide is uniformly crystallized when coated with a saccharide solution to form a good frost, Since the liquid for mixing becomes low viscosity, it is preferable at the point from which discharge property and covering property become favorable.
- the purified product of catechin has a sum of the contents of (D) epigallocatechin gallate and (E) gallocatechin gallate (content of (D) + (E)) of 15 to 95%, more preferably 18 to 40%.
- 20 to 35% is that, when coated with a saccharide solution, the saccharide is uniformly crystallized to form a good frosted state, and the liquid for mixing with the saccharide solution has a low viscosity, so that it can be discharged. And it is preferable from the viewpoint that the coating property is good.
- the purified product of catechin includes (A) myricetin, (B) quercetin and (C) kaempferol, and (D) epigallocatechin gallate and (E) gallocatechin gallate.
- the ratio of (content of (A) + (B) + (C)) / (content of (D) + (E)) is 0.0001 to 0.1 (mass ratio).
- the saccharide is uniformly crystallized when coated and coated to give a good frosted shape, and the mixing solution with the saccharide solution is preferably low in terms of dischargeability and coverage because of its low viscosity. Is more preferably 0.001 to 0.09, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.09.
- the contents of the components (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) can be measured by high performance liquid chromatography under the conditions described in the Examples after hydrolysis of the catechin purified product. it can.
- the frosted cereal food of the present invention contains components (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in the coating material, and contains components (A), (B) and (C).
- Ratio of the sum of the amounts and the sum of the contents of components (D) and (E) (content of (A) + (B) + (C)) / (content of (D) + (E)) Is 0.0001 to 0.1 (mass ratio), further 0.001 to 0.09, and particularly 0.01 to 0.09, as a cereal food despite the high content of catechins. It is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining a good appearance. In order to obtain such a ratio, it can be obtained by coating a cereal food with a saccharide solution containing a purified product of the catechin-containing plant extract.
- the purified product of catechin has a (F) rutin content of 0.0001 to 2%, more preferably 0.001 to 1.2%, particularly 0.01 to 1.0%.
- the saccharides are preferably crystallized uniformly to form a good frost form, and the mixed solution with the saccharide solution has a low viscosity, so that the discharge property and the coating property are favorable.
- the content of component (F) can be measured by high performance liquid chromatography under the conditions described in the examples.
- Rutin is a kind of flavonol glycoside, in which ⁇ -rutinose (6-O- ⁇ -L-rhamnosyl-D- ⁇ -glucose) is bonded to the oxygen atom at the 3-position of quercetin.
- the purified product of catechin has a caffeine content of 0.0001 to 10%, more preferably 0.001 to 7%, particularly 0.01 to 5%, which can prevent frequent urination and insomnia caused by caffeine. It is preferable from the viewpoint of reduction.
- the content of caffeine can be measured by high performance liquid chromatography under the conditions described in the examples.
- the purified catechin may be any purified catechin-containing plant extract (hereinafter simply referred to as “plant extract”), and examples of the plant include tea, grapes, apples, and soybeans. Tea includes tea leaves such as green tea, oolong tea, black tea, etc. Among them, green tea is particularly preferable. Here, for example, a green tea extract is extracted from green tea.
- plant extract purified catechin-containing plant extract
- green tea extract examples include an extract obtained from green tea leaves. More specifically, the tea leaves produced as described above are genus Camellia, such as C.I. sinensis, C.I. Examples include tea leaves made from assamica and Yabukita seeds or hybrids thereof. Examples of the green tea include Sencha, Bancha, Gyokuro, Tencha, and roasted tea. Moreover, you may use the tea leaf which gave the carbon dioxide contact process of the supercritical state. As a method for obtaining a tea extract, conventional methods such as stirring extraction, column method, drip extraction and the like can be used. Moreover, you may add organic acids or organic acid salts, such as sodium ascorbate, to the water at the time of extraction beforehand.
- organic acids or organic acid salts such as sodium ascorbate
- the method of extracting in so-called non-oxidative atmosphere, ventilating boil degassing and inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, and removing dissolved oxygen.
- the extract thus obtained can be used as it is, dried or concentrated to prepare a purified product of catechin used in the present invention.
- the tea extract include liquid, slurry, semi-solid, and solid state.
- a concentrate obtained by dissolving or diluting the concentrate of the green tea extract in water or an organic solvent may be used, or the extract extracted from the tea leaves and the concentration of the green tea extract may be used. You may use together.
- the green tea extract concentrate is obtained by concentrating an extract extracted from green tea leaves with hot water or a water-soluble organic solvent.
- JP-A-59-219384 and JP-A-4- This refers to those prepared by the methods described in JP-A-20589, JP-A-5-260907, JP-A-5-306279, and the like.
- commercially available crude catechin preparations such as “Polyphenone” manufactured by Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd., “Theafuran” manufactured by ITO EN, and “Sunphenon” manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd. can be used as the concentrate of the solid green tea extract.
- what was extracted by the usual means can be used for catechin containing plant extracts other than a green tea extract.
- the catechin purified product is a plant extract, for example, a green tea extract as it is, or dispersed or dissolved in water or an organic solvent aqueous solution, activated carbon, acidic clay and / or activated clay (hereinafter referred to as “acid clay”, etc.). It can be produced by contacting with a filter aid or the like.
- the order in which the plant extract is brought into contact with activated carbon, acid clay, etc., and optionally a filter aid is not particularly limited.
- a plant extract is dispersed or dissolved in water or an organic solvent aqueous solution, and then activated carbon, acid clay, etc., and if desired, a filter aid or the like are added and contacted simultaneously
- water or organic Activated carbon, acid clay, etc. and filter aids, etc. are dispersed in a solvent aqueous solution, and if desired, a plant extract is added and contacted therewith.
- an organic acid such as citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, or the like, and a mass ratio of organic acid to non-polymer catechins (organic acid / non-polymer catechins) is 0.01. It can be added in the range of ⁇ 0.20.
- the contact treatment may be performed by any method such as a batch method or continuous treatment using a column.
- the contact method between a plant extract and activated carbon may be performed by a method such as continuous treatment using an activated carbon column.
- powdered activated carbon etc. is added and stirred, and after selectively adsorbing impurities, a method of obtaining a filtrate from which impurities have been removed by filtration operation or by continuous treatment using a column packed with granular activated carbon etc.
- a method of adsorbing impurities is employed.
- the organic solvent used for the purification of the plant extract is preferably a water-soluble organic solvent, and examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ketones such as acetone, and esters such as ethyl acetate. In view of the use of ethanol, ethanol is preferred.
- examples of water include ion-exchanged water, tap water, natural water and the like, and ion-exchanged water is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of taste.
- the mixing mass ratio of organic solvent to water (organic solvent / water) is preferably 60/40 to 97/3, more preferably 60/40 to 75/25, and particularly preferably 85/15 to 95/5.
- the ratio of the plant extract to water or the organic solvent aqueous solution is 10 to 40 parts of the plant extract (in terms of dry mass) with respect to 100 parts by mass of water or the organic solvent aqueous solution (hereinafter simply referred to as “parts”). Further, it is preferable to add 10 to 30 parts, particularly 15 to 30 parts, because the plant extract can be processed efficiently.
- the contact treatment is preferably provided with an aging time of about 10 to 180 minutes, and these treatments can be carried out at 10 to 60 ° C., particularly preferably 10 to 50 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C.
- the activated carbon used for the contact treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used at an industrial level.
- the pore volume of the activated carbon is preferably 0.01 to 0.8 mL / g, particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.8 mL / g.
- the specific surface area is preferably in the range of 800 to 1600 m 2 / g, particularly 900 to 1500 m 2 / g. These physical property values are values based on the nitrogen adsorption method.
- Activated carbon is preferably added in an amount of 0.5 to 8 parts, particularly 0.5 to 3 parts, with respect to 100 parts of water or an organic solvent aqueous solution, in terms of low impurity removal efficiency and low cake resistance in the filtration step.
- Both acidic clay and activated clay used for the contact treatment contain SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, etc. as general chemical components, but SiO 2 / Al 2 O. It is preferable that the 3 ratio is 3 to 12, particularly 4 to 9, in terms of molar ratio.
- a composition containing 2 to 5% Fe 2 O 3 , 0 to 1.5% CaO and 1 to 7% MgO is preferable.
- Activated clay is a naturally occurring acidic clay (montmorillonite clay) treated with a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid, and is a compound having a porous structure having a large specific surface area and adsorption capacity.
- the acid clay is further acid-treated to change the specific surface area, improve the decolorization ability and change physical properties.
- the specific surface area of acid clay or activated clay varies depending on the degree of acid treatment, etc., but is preferably 50 to 350 m 2 / g, and pH (5% suspension) is 2.5 to 8, particularly 3.6 to 7.
- the acid clay commercially available products such as Mizuka Ace # 600 (trade name, manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- activated clay commercial items, such as Galeon Earth V2 (trade name, manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd.), for example, can be used.
- the acid clay or the like is preferably added in an amount of 2.5 to 25 parts, particularly 2.5 to 15 parts with respect to 100 parts of water or an organic solvent aqueous solution. If the amount of acid clay or the like is too small, the caffeine removal efficiency tends to decrease, and if too large, the cake resistance in the filtration step tends to increase.
- the filter aid used for the contact treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used at an industrial level, such as diatomaceous earth, and examples thereof include Solka floc (trade name, manufactured by Imazu Yakuhin Kogyo), Silica 100F-A (product). Commercial products such as name, made of central silica) can be used.
- the temperature when separating activated carbon or the like from water or an organic solvent aqueous solution is preferably ⁇ 15 to 78 ° C., more preferably 5 to 40 ° C. If the temperature is out of this range, the separability may be inferior and the properties of the solution may change.
- a known technique can be applied as the separation method. For example, in addition to a so-called filter separation or centrifugation, separation by passing through a column packed with particulate matter such as activated carbon may be used.
- a synthetic adsorbent can be used when producing a purified product of catechin.
- the synthetic adsorbent is generally preferably an insoluble three-dimensional crosslinked structure polymer that does not substantially have a functional group such as an ion exchange group.
- a functional group such as an ion exchange group.
- those having an ion exchange capacity of less than 1 meq / g can be used.
- the matrix is styrene, such as Amberlite XAD4, XAD16HP, XAD1180, XAD2000 (supplier: Rohm & Haas, USA), Diaion HP20, HP21 (Mitsubishi Chemical), Sepabeads SP850, SP825, SP700, SP70 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical), VPOC1062 (manufactured by Bayer); modified styrene based on nuclear substitution of bromine atoms to enhance the adsorptive power, for example, sepabeads SP205, SP206, SP207 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical) Methacrylic, for example Diaion HP1MG, HP2MG (Mitsubishi Chemical); phenolic, for example Amberlite XAD761 (Rohm and Haas); acrylic, for example Amberlite XAD7HP (Rohm and Haas); Le system, e.g.
- the matrix is preferably styrene, methacrylic, acrylic or polyvinyl, and styrene is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of separability between catechin and caffeine.
- the synthetic adsorbent As a means for adsorbing the plant extract to the synthetic adsorbent, use a batch method in which the synthetic adsorbent is added to the plant extract, stirred and adsorbed, and then collected by filtration, or a column packed with the synthetic adsorbent is used.
- a column method in which adsorption treatment is performed by continuous treatment is employed, but a continuous treatment method using a column is preferred from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the amount of the synthetic adsorbent used is preferably 10% by volume, more preferably 15% by volume, and particularly preferably 20% by volume with respect to the plant extract, such as the adsorption efficiency of non-polymer catechins. Is preferable.
- the ability to adsorb non-polymer catechins is improved by replacing the liquid-containing solution with an aqueous system.
- the concentration of the non-polymer catechins in the plant extract is preferably 0.1 to 22%, more preferably 0 when adsorbing to the synthetic adsorbent. From 1 to 15%, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 10%, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 3% is preferable from the viewpoint of the adsorption efficiency to the resin.
- the synthetic adsorbent is preferably washed with water or an organic solvent aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution used for washing the synthetic adsorbent is preferably water having a pH of 7 or less from the viewpoint of the recovery rate of non-polymer catechins, and can also be used in a mixed system with a water-soluble organic solvent.
- the water-soluble organic solvent include acetone, methanol, ethanol and the like, and ethanol is preferable from the viewpoint of use in foods and drinks.
- the concentration of the organic solvent to be contained is preferably 0 to 20%, preferably 0 to 10%, more preferably 0 to 5% from the viewpoint of the recovery rate of non-polymer catechins.
- non-polymer catechins are eluted, and the eluent is preferably an organic solvent aqueous solution or a basic aqueous solution.
- the organic solvent aqueous solution a mixed system of a water-soluble organic solvent and water is used, and examples of the water-soluble organic solvent include acetone, methanol, ethanol and the like. Among these, ethanol is preferable from the viewpoint of use in foods and drinks.
- the concentration of the water-soluble organic solvent is preferably 20 to 70%, preferably 30 to 60%, more preferably 30 to 50% from the viewpoint of the recovery rate of non-polymer catechins.
- alkali metal salts and alkaline earth alkaline aqueous solutions preferably sodium-based alkaline aqueous solutions such as sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and sodium carbonate aqueous solution, are preferably used. Can do.
- the pH of the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 7-14. From the viewpoint of the recovery rate of non-polymer catechins, 9 to 14, particularly 10 to 13.5 is preferable.
- Examples of the sodium-based aqueous solution having a pH of 7 to 14 include a 4% or less sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and a 1N-sodium carbonate aqueous solution.
- a water-soluble organic solvent can be mixed with the basic aqueous solution.
- concentration of the organic solvent is preferably in the range of 0 to 90%, more preferably 0 to 50%, and even more preferably 0 to 20% from the viewpoint of separability between caffeine and catechin.
- two or more basic aqueous solutions having different pH values are used as the basic aqueous solution used for elution, and these basic aqueous solutions can be brought into contact with the synthetic adsorbent in order of decreasing pH.
- the synthetic adsorbent can be reused by using a predetermined method after the purification treatment. Specifically, an unnecessary solvent such as caffeine adsorbed on the synthetic adsorbent is passed through an organic solvent such as ethanol. Alternatively, all aqueous components remaining on the synthetic adsorbent can be desorbed by passing and washing an alkaline aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide. Further, cleaning with water vapor may be combined.
- the eluate obtained by eluting non-polymer catechins with a basic aqueous solution is basic, but from the viewpoint of the stability of non-polymer catechins, the pH of the eluate is usually 7 or less, more preferably 1 to It is desirable to adjust to 6, more preferably 1 to 5, particularly preferably 2 to 4.
- neutralization with an acid, removal of alkali metal ions by electrodialysis, or removal of alkali metal ions by an ion exchange resin can be used.
- the ion exchange resin it is particularly preferable to use an H-type cation exchange resin. From the simplicity of the process, pH adjustment with an ion exchange resin is preferred.
- the cation exchange resin examples include Amberlite 200CT, IR120B, IR124, IR118 (supplier: Rohm & Haas, USA), Diaion SK1B, SK1BH, SK102, PK208, PK212 (Mitsubishi Chemical). Can be used.
- Concentration can be performed by vacuum distillation, thin film distillation, membrane concentration, or the like.
- the concentration ratio is preferably 2 to 500 times, more preferably 2 to 250 times, and particularly preferably 2 to 125 times from the viewpoint of taste and separability of precipitates.
- the concentration of the non-polymer catechins after concentration is preferably 0.1 to 70%, more preferably 0.2 to 50%, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 25% from the viewpoint of taste and separability of precipitates.
- Specific operations for solid-liquid separation include filtration and / or centrifugation.
- the membrane filtration conditions when the solid-liquid separation is performed by membrane filtration are preferably 5 to 70 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C.
- the membrane pore size is preferably from 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of a predetermined turbidity, more preferably from 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, especially from 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m because of the time required for filtration and the separation of turbid components. It is preferable from the point.
- Examples of the method for measuring the membrane pore diameter include general measurement methods using a mercury intrusion method, a bubble point test, a bacterial filtration method, and the like, but it is preferable to use a value obtained by a bubble point test.
- a material of the membrane used in the membrane filtration a polymer membrane, a ceramic membrane, a stainless membrane or the like can be used.
- the centrifuge is preferably a general device such as a separation plate type, a cylindrical type, or a decanter type.
- the temperature is preferably 5 to 70 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C.
- the rotational speed and time are preferably adjusted so as to have a predetermined turbidity.
- a separator plate type it is preferably 3000 to 10000 rpm, further 5000 to 10000 rpm, particularly 6000 to 10000 rpm, 0.2 to 30 minutes, further 0.2 to 20 minutes, particularly 0.2 to 15 minutes.
- the catechin purified product can be decolorized by as it is, or dispersed or dissolved in water or an organic solvent aqueous solution and brought into contact with at least one selected from activated carbon, activated clay and acidic clay. .
- the plant extract can be treated with an enzyme having tannase activity if it is desired to further reduce the bitterness. From the viewpoint of taste, it is preferable to perform an enzyme treatment before adsorbing to the synthetic adsorbent.
- an enzyme treatment before adsorbing to the synthetic adsorbent.
- tannase is preferred.
- commercially available products having tannase activity include pectinase PL Amano (manufactured by Amano Enzyme), hemicellulase amano 90 (manufactured by Amano Enzyme), tannase KTFH (manufactured by Kikkoman), etc. (all trade names) Is available.
- the enzyme treatment having tannase activity performed in the present invention, that is, the enzyme reaction is preferably performed by tannin acylhydrase EC 3.1.1.20 or the like.
- Examples of commercially available products include “Tannase” (manufactured by Kikkoman) and tannase “Sankyo” (manufactured by Sankyo).
- the enzyme having tannase activity preferably has an enzyme activity of 500 to 100,000 U / g. If it is 500 U / g or less, a large amount of enzyme is required for treatment within an industrially limited time. If it is 100,000 U / g or more, the enzyme reaction rate is too high, and it becomes difficult to control the reaction system.
- 1 Unit represents the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1 micromole of an ester bond contained in tannic acid in water at 30 ° C.
- having tannase activity has activity of degrading tannin, and any enzyme can be used as long as it has this activity.
- the concentration of non-polymer catechins when treated with an enzyme having tannase activity is preferably 0.1 to 22%, more preferably 0.1 to 15%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 10%, and even more preferably. Is 0.5 to 3%.
- An enzyme having tannase activity is added to 1 g of non-polymer catechins in the plant extract, preferably 1 to 300 Units, more preferably 3 to 200 Units, particularly preferably 5 to 150 Units.
- the temperature of the enzyme treatment is preferably 0 to 70 ° C., at which optimal enzyme activity can be obtained, more preferably 0 to 60 ° C., and particularly preferably 5 to 50 ° C.
- the enzyme deactivation temperature is preferably 70 to 100 ° C., and the retention time is preferably 10 seconds to 20 minutes. If the inactivation temperature is too low, it is difficult to inactivate the enzyme sufficiently in a short time, so the reaction proceeds, and the enzyme reaction cannot be stopped within the range of the desired non-polymer catechin gallate ratio. . Further, if the retention time is too short after reaching the deactivation temperature, it is difficult to deactivate the enzyme activity sufficiently, and the enzyme reaction proceeds. Further, if the holding time is too long, non-epimerization of non-polymer catechins may occur, which is not preferable.
- the deactivation method of the enzyme reaction can be stopped by heating in a batch system or a continuous system such as a plate heat exchanger.
- the plant extract can be cleaned by an operation such as centrifugation.
- Formulating the obtained catechin purified product into a frosted cereal food can be achieved by discharging a saccharide solution containing the catechin purified product into a molded cereal food or immersing the cereal food in a saccharide solution containing the catechin purified product. It is preferable that the coating is performed from the viewpoint of preventing the content of catechins from being reduced by heat such as steaming or roasting.
- the shaping of cereal food includes the steps of steaming, cooling, pressing, shaping, expanding, drying and roasting the cereal raw material, but the addition of the purified catechin finished the roasting step from the above points. The latter is more preferable.
- the catechin purified product is dissolved or dispersed in water, the saccharide is mixed therein and the saccharide is stirred and dissolved in a heating device, or the catechin purified product is dissolved in a solution in which the saccharide is heated and dissolved, What is necessary is just to coat
- a solution containing a saccharide and / or a thickener may be sprayed once on the molded cereal food, and a solution containing a powdered or granular purified catechin and a saccharide may be further adhered.
- the coating treatment include a conveyor belt system that discharges to cereal foods placed on a conveyor belt, and a rotary drum system that discharges to cereal foods moving in a rotating drum.
- the concentration of catechins in the saccharide solution containing the purified product of catechin is 0.01 to 15%, more preferably 0.5 to 11%, and particularly 0.6 to 9%.
- the saccharide is uniformly crystallized into a good frosted form.
- the proportion of solids other than saccharides in the saccharide solution containing the purified catechin product is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 1 to 25%, even more preferably 5 to 15%, particularly It is preferably 7 to 13%.
- the proportion of catechins in the solid content other than the saccharide is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 45 to 80%, further 50 to 75%, and particularly 60 to 70%. Is preferred.
- the saccharide concentration in the solution of the saccharide solution containing the purified catechin product is preferably 60 to 86%, more preferably 70 to 85%, and particularly preferably 75 to 84%, from the viewpoint of easy drying after coating.
- the amount of the catechin purified product-containing saccharide solution attached to the molded cereal food is preferably such that the solid content in the saccharide solution is 3 to 70% in the frosted cereal food, and further 5 to 60 %, Particularly 10 to 50%, is preferable from the viewpoint of the taste (sweetness at the time of eating) of the frosted cereal food, the ease of drying after coating, and the high content of catechins in the frosted cereal food.
- Sugar forms that can be used to coat cereal food include granulated sugar, super white sugar, tri-warm sugar, isomerized liquid sugar (glucose fructose liquid sugar, sugar mixed isomerized liquid sugar, fructose glucose liquid sugar), honey, Examples include maple sugar and water candy.
- Examples of the substance include monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, and more specifically, sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, xylose, ribose, mannose, sorbitol, dextrin, reduced dextrin and the like. It is done.
- the form of the frosted cereal food according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include flaked cereal, puffed cereal, shredded cereal, extruded expanded cereal, granola, and granola-like food.
- the manufacturing method of the frosted cereal food of this invention can be manufactured according to the manufacturing method matched with the form of the said cereal food except the case where catechin is included. That is, in order to produce a cereal food, the cereal raw material may be steamed, cooled, pressed, shaped, expanded, dried, roasted, and the like by conventional methods.
- the main ingredient of cereal foods is various cereals, but there are two forms: grain and flour.
- the grain may be used as it is or may be used in combination with flour.
- flour When mixing grain and flour, or when using only flour, it is molded into pellets (extruded pellets) with a cooking extruder.
- the raw material grains used in the present invention include corn, rice, brown rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, pigeons, barley, buckwheat, buckwheat, millet and millet. ), Kyan (Miro), and Amaranth.
- beans such as soybeans, red beans, green peas, broad beans, and beans are also included.
- the raw material for cereal food in the present invention may be only the above-mentioned grains and the like, but if necessary, emulsifiers, binders, sugars, natural or artificial sweeteners, chocolate, cocoa, salt, seasonings, spices, fats and oils, coloring It is possible to add ingredients, dried vegetables, dried fruits, nuts, vitamins, mineral additives, dietary fiber, protein, and the like. There are no particular restrictions on the method of blending these additives, they may be kneaded into the dough, mixed together in the saccharide solution, or added to the saccharide solution after coating. .
- emulsifier examples include glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester and the like. These emulsifiers have the effect of preventing corn grains from adhering during steaming. In addition, friction is reduced during granulation by an extruder and it becomes difficult to break excessively, and adhesion of the granulated materials after granulation can be prevented.
- starch, gums and thickeners can be used, and these may be added in a small amount.
- the fat include corn oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, wheat germ oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, and cottonseed oil.
- Saccharides include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides such as glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, xylose, ribose, mannose, sorbitol, dextrin, reduced dextrin, etc., one or more of these. Used in. Alternatively, honey, maple sugar, candy, etc. can be used as well.
- stevia, saccharin sodium or calcium salt, cyclamate, aspartame and the like can be used in combination with natural or artificial sweeteners.
- the saccharide is used in a ratio of 10 to 50 parts, preferably 20 to 40 parts, per 100 parts of flakes. This amount can be appropriately sensitized depending on the type of raw cereal and the properties of the final product to be obtained.
- dried vegetables, carrots, spinach and the like can be used. Examples of dried fruits include apples, raisins, strawberries, and papayas.
- nuts such as almonds, pine nuts, walnuts, and other cocoa such as cocoa mass and cocoa butter can be used.
- Vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B group, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin; minerals such as inorganic iron, heme iron, calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, cobalt, iodine, phosphorus Class: Dietary fibers such as indigestible dextrin, crystalline cellulose, apple fiber, wheat bran, rice bran, corn bran and wood fiber are used.
- Dietary fibers such as indigestible dextrin, crystalline cellulose, apple fiber, wheat bran, rice bran, corn bran and wood fiber are used.
- the protein may be a vegetable protein or an animal protein.
- powders such as soybean protein and wheat protein are particularly preferable.
- animal proteins meat powder, milk casein, and egg white powder are particularly preferable. Used.
- Non-polymer catechins were measured by diluting a catechin preparation (catechin-containing plant extract or purified product thereof) with distilled water, filtering with a filter (pore size: 0.8 ⁇ m), then Shimadzu Corporation high performance liquid chromatograph. Equipped with a packed column L-column TM ODS (4.6 mm ⁇ ⁇ 250 mm: manufactured by Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute), and a column temperature of 35 ° C. using a chromatography (model SCL-10AVP) This was performed by a gradient method using liquid A and liquid B.
- the mobile phase A solution was a distilled aqueous solution containing 0.1 mol / L of acetic acid and the acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 mol / L of B solution acetic acid, the sample injection amount was 20 ⁇ L, and the UV detector wavelength was 280 nm.
- Tannin was measured by the iron tartrate method, using ethyl gallate as a standard solution, and as a converted amount of gallic acid. (Reference: “Green Tea Polyphenol” Functional Material Effective Use Technology Series No. 10 for Food and Drink). 5 mL of a sample was developed with 5 mL of iron tartrate standard solution, dissolved in 25 mL with a phosphate buffer solution, absorbance was measured at 540 nm, and tannin was determined from a calibration curve with ethyl gallate. Preparation of iron tartrate standard solution: 100 mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and 500 mg of sodium / potassium tartrate were made up to 100 mL with distilled water. Preparation of phosphate buffer: 1/15 mol / L disodium hydrogen phosphate solution and 1/15 mol / L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution were mixed and adjusted to pH 7.5.
- the sample solution was filtered with a filter (0.45 ⁇ m), a high-performance liquid chromatograph (model Waters 2695, manufactured by WATERS) was used, a column (Shimpach VP ODS, 150 ⁇ 4.6 mm ID) was mounted, and the column temperature was 40 ° C. And analyzed by the gradient method.
- the mobile phase A solution was a distilled aqueous solution containing 0.05% phosphoric acid
- the B solution was a methanol solution
- the flow rate was 1 mL / min
- the sample injection amount was 10 ⁇ L
- the UV detector wavelength was 368 nm.
- the gradient conditions are as follows. Time (minutes) Liquid A concentration (volume%) Liquid B concentration (volume%) 0.0 95 5 20.0 80 20 40.0 30 70 41.0 0 100 46.0 0 100 47.0 95 5 60.0 95 5
- the retention time for caffeine was 27.2 minutes. From the area% obtained here, mass% was obtained from a standard substance.
- turbidity was measured according to JIS K0400-9-10 (water quality-turbidity measurement).
- the measuring device used was a haze / transmittance meter (HM-150, integrating sphere type, manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory), and an absorption cell of 10 mm.
- a calibration curve was prepared by diluting a formazin standard solution (400 degrees) (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) [5 to 100 degrees (formazin)].
- Viscosity was measured using a B-type viscometer (20 ° C.), and the average of three measurements was taken as the measured value. The measurement sample was previously stirred for several hours with a rotary stirrer and dissolved sufficiently.
- ⁇ Preparation of catechin preparation > 100 g of a caffeine-containing catechin composition (polyphenone HG, trade name, manufactured by Tokyo Food Techno Co., Ltd.) is suspended in 490.9 g of 95% ethanol aqueous solution under stirring conditions at room temperature and 250 rpm, and activated carbon (Kuraray Coal GLC, trade name) 20 g of Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 100 g of acidic clay (Mizuka Ace # 600, trade name, manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added and stirring was continued for about 10 minutes. Then, 409.1 g of 40% ethanol aqueous solution was dropped over 10 minutes, and then the stirring treatment was continued for about 30 minutes at room temperature.
- a caffeine-containing catechin composition polyphenone HG, trade name, manufactured by Tokyo Food Techno Co., Ltd.
- activated carbon Kuraray Coal GLC, trade name
- acidic clay Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- catechin preparations (v) and (vii) polyphenone 70A (red brown) and POL-JK (light green) manufactured by Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd. were used as the caffeine-containing catechin compositions, respectively.
- Catechin preparations (ii) to (iv) were prepared by blending catechin preparations (vii) and (i).
- a catechin preparation-containing saccharide solution was prepared at the mixing ratio shown in Table 2.
- 2.8 g of ion-exchanged water is put into a disposable aluminum cup (capacity 50 ml, upper (lower) diameter ⁇ depth (mm) ⁇ 61 ( ⁇ 42) ⁇ 33), and the catechin preparation so that the mixing ratio shown in Table 2 is obtained.
- (I) to (vii) were weighed and dissolved.
- This disposable aluminum cup was placed on a hot plate adjusted to 100 ° C., and stirred until the upper white sugar in the slurry-like catechin purified product-containing sugar solution was dissolved.
- Commercially available corn flakes (Nisshin Cisco) were used as uncoated cereal food (plain cereal food). 25.0 g of plain cereal food was placed in a disposable aluminum tray (upper dimension 130 ⁇ 112, lower dimension 102 ⁇ 88, height 55 (mm)) and placed on a hot plate. A part of the disposable aluminum cup containing the catechin preparation-containing saccharide solution was deformed into a beak shape to form a spout, and the entire amount of the catechin preparation-containing saccharide solution dissolved from the spout was poured over the whole plain cereal food.
- the mixture was stirred and mixed with a spatula so that the surface of the plain cereal food was uniformly coated with the sugar solution.
- the disposable aluminum tray was placed in an oven preheated to 100 to 110 ° C., and the cereal food was stirred every 5 minutes and heat-dried for 15 minutes. Then, it was allowed to cool at room temperature for 15 minutes, and the frosted cereal food was weighed. From this measured value, the solid content (g) in the saccharide solution adhering to the frosted cereal food was determined.
- the coverage of the used catechin preparation-containing saccharide solution on cereal food and the appearance of the obtained frosted cereal food were evaluated according to the following criteria. After the evaluation, the frosted cereal food was heated for 2 hours in a constant temperature drier set at 105 ° C. and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator, and the mass of the frosted cereal food was measured. The content of catechins relative to the amount of frosted cereal food dry matter was determined from the percentage (%) of non-polymer catechins. The results are shown in Table 2.
- catechin preparations (i) (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), and (vi) contained catechins with excellent coverage to plain cereals. It can be seen that a sugar solution can be prepared. Further, it was found that by using these catechin-containing saccharide solutions, a frosted cereal food having a good appearance can be produced despite the high content of catechins.
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Abstract
Description
このように従来、シリアル食品及びシリアル関連食品には茶フレーバー付与を目的として抹茶を使用するか、又は酸化防止を目的としてカテキン製剤を使用するものがあった。
なお、カテキンを酸化防止剤として使用する場合は、粗カテキン製剤であればシリアル食品に0.1~0.2質量%添加することでその目的は達成される。
その際、食品としてフロストシリアル食品を選択する場合、カテキン類を含有させる方法として二つの方法が考えられる。一つはシリアル食品を製造する際に、生地にカテキン類を練り込む方法、もう一つはフロストシリアルとするために用いる糖類溶液にカテキン類を配合し、これでシリアル食品を被覆する方法である。前者の方法がより簡便な方法であるが、カテキン類の原料として抹茶を用いると、抹茶のカテキン類含有量は約10質量%(以下、組成を表す「%」は特に断りのない限り質量%を意味する。)前後であるため、シリアル食品への抹茶の配合量は、所望するカテキン類の配合量の10倍にもなる。また、カテキン類の原料として茶葉より抽出して乾燥した市販のカテキン製剤を用いる場合でも、カテキン製剤中のカテキン類の濃度は30~40%程度にすぎず、所望するカテキン類の配合量に対して数倍量の製剤を配合しなければならない。
本発明者は、シリアル食品の製造における焙焼の過程で、生地にカテキン製剤を多量に練り込んでも、カテキン類が高温・高圧に曝されることにより、その含有量が減少してしまうことを見い出した。
上記のように、従来の抹茶を用いたフロストシリアル食品の製造法をカテキン類高含有フロストシリアル食品の製造にそのまま適用するには課題があることが判明した。
本発明の課題は、カテキン類を高含有するにもかかわらず、外観の良いフロストシリアル食品を提供することにある。
また、本発明は、シリアル食品を成形後、該シリアル食品を、固形分中のカテキン類の割合が40%以上であるカテキン類含有植物抽出物の精製物を含有する糖類溶液で被覆する、前記フロストシリアル食品の製造方法に関する。
また、本発明の製造方法によれば、シリアル食品の成形の過程で高温によるカテキン類の減少等が生じないため、シリアル食品にカテキン類を高含有させることができる。
本発明のフロストシリアル食品とは、シリアル食品に糖類を主成分とする素材を被覆したものである。本発明において、この被覆された素材をフロストシリアル食品の被覆素材という。「フロスト」とは糖類がシリアル食品表面で結晶化し霜(フロスト)状に見えることに由来している。フロストシリアル食品はシリアル食品に含まれるものである。
また、カテキン精製物は、固形分1.0%水溶液において、光路長10mmのセルを使用した場合の671.5nmにおける吸光度が0.4以下、さらに0.35以下、特に0.25以下であることが、糖類溶液と混合して被覆したときに糖類が均一に結晶化し良好なフロスト状になる点、生理作用発現に必要な量のカテキン類を含有するフロストシリアル食品が安定して得られる点、糖類溶液との混合用液の粘度が低く吐出性、被覆性を良好とする点から好ましい。
さらに、カテキン精製物は、固形分40%の水溶液としたときの粘度が温度20℃においてB型粘度計で160mPa・s以下であることが好ましく、さらに5~70mPa・s、特に10~50mPa・sであることが、生理作用発現に必要な量のカテキン類を含有するフロストシリアル食品が、安定して得られる点、糖類溶液との混合用液の粘度が低く、吐出性、被覆性を良好とする点から好ましい。
緑茶抽出物として、茶葉から抽出した抽出液以外に、緑茶抽出物の濃縮物を水又は有機溶媒に溶解又は希釈したものを用いてもよいし、茶葉から抽出した抽出液と緑茶抽出物の濃縮物とを併用してもよい。
ここで、緑茶抽出物の濃縮物とは、緑茶葉から熱水又は水溶性有機溶媒により抽出された抽出物を濃縮したものであり、例えば、特開昭59-219384号公報、特開平4-20589号公報、特開平5-260907号公報、特開平5-306279号公報等に記載されている方法により調製したものをいう。具体的には、市販の三井農林社製「ポリフェノン」、伊藤園社製「テアフラン」、太陽化学社製「サンフェノン」等の粗カテキン製剤を固体の緑茶抽出物の濃縮物として用いることもできる。
また、緑茶抽出物以外のカテキン含有植物抽出物は、通常の手段により抽出されたものが使用できる。
有機溶媒と水との混合質量比(有機溶媒/水)は、好ましくは60/40~97/3、さらに好ましくは60/40~75/25、特に好ましくは85/15~95/5とするのが、非重合体カテキン類の抽出効率、植物抽出物の精製効率等の点で好ましい。
植物抽出物と、水又は有機溶媒水溶液との割合は、水又は有機溶媒水溶液100質量部(以下、単に「部」という。)に対して、植物抽出物(乾燥質量換算)を10~40部、さらに10~30部、特に15~30部添加して処理するのが、植物抽出物を効率よく処理できるので好ましい。
接触処理に用いる活性炭としては、一般に工業レベルで使用されているものであれば特に制限されず、例えば、ZN-50(北越炭素社製)、クラレコールGLC、クラレコールPK-D、クラレコールPW-D(クラレケミカル社製)、白鷲AW50、白鷲A、白鷲M、白鷲C(武田薬品工業社製)等の市販品(いずれも商品名)を用いることができる。
活性炭の細孔容積は0.01~0.8mL/g、特に0.1~0.8mL/gが好ましい。また、比表面積は800~1600m2/g、特に900~1500m2/gの範囲のものが好ましい。なお、これらの物性値は窒素吸着法に基づく値である。
活性炭は、水又は有機溶媒水溶液100部に対して0.5~8部、特に0.5~3部添加するのが、不純物の除去効率、ろ過工程におけるケーク抵抗が小さい点で好ましい。
活性白土は天然に産出する酸性白土(モンモリロナイト系粘土)を硫酸等の鉱酸で処理したものであり、大きい比表面積と吸着能を有する多孔質構造をもった化合物である。酸性白土をさらに、酸処理することにより比表面積が変化し、脱色能の改良及び物性が変化することが知られている。
酸性白土又は活性白土の比表面積は、酸処理の程度等により異なるが、50~350m2/gであるのが好ましく、pH(5%サスペンジョン)は2.5~8、特に3.6~7のものが好ましい。例えば、酸性白土としては、ミズカエース#600(商品名、水澤化学社製)等の市販品を用いることができる。また、活性白土としては、例えば、ガレオンアースV2(商品名、水澤化学社製)等の市販品を用いることができる。
また、活性炭と、酸性白土等との割合は、質量比で活性炭1に対して酸性白土等1~10が好ましく、活性炭:酸性白土及び/又は活性白土=1:1~1:6であるのが好ましい。
酸性白土等は、水又は有機溶媒水溶液100部に対して2.5~25部、特に2.5~15部添加するのが好ましい。酸性白土等の添加量が少なすぎると、カフェイン除去効率が低下する傾向にあり、また多すぎるとろ過工程におけるケーク抵抗が大きくなる傾向にある。
接触処理に用いるろ過助剤としては、珪藻土など一般に工業レベルで使用されているものであれば特に制限されず、例えば、ソルカフロック(商品名、今津薬品工業製))、シリカ100F-A(商品名、中央シリカ製)等の市販品を用いることができる。
水又は有機溶媒水溶液から活性炭等を分離するときの温度は、-15~78℃、さらに5~40℃であるのが好ましい。この温度の範囲外であると、分離性が劣り、また溶液の性状に変化が見られるような場合がある。
分離方法は公知の技術が応用でき、例えば、いわゆるフィルター分離や遠心分離等の手法のほか、活性炭等の粒状物質が詰まったカラムを通すことでの分離等でもよい。
合成吸着剤としては、その母体がスチレン系、メタクリル系、アクリル系、ポリビニル系が好ましく、特にスチレン系がカテキンとカフェインの分離性の点から好ましい。
合成吸着剤が充填されたカラムは、予めSV(空間速度)=0.5~10[h-1]、合成吸着剤に対する通液倍数として2~10[v/v]の通液条件で95vol%エタノール水溶液による洗浄を行い、合成吸着剤の原料モノマーやその他の不純物等を除去するのが好ましい。そして、その後SV=0.5~10[h-1]、合成吸着剤に対する通液倍数として1~60[v/v]の通液条件により水洗を行い、エタノールを除去して合成吸着剤の含液を水系に置換する方法により非重合体カテキン類の吸着能が向上する。
植物抽出物を、合成吸着剤を充填したカラムに通液する条件としては、SV(空間速度)=0.5~10[h-1]の通液速度で、合成吸着剤に対する通液倍数として0.5~20[v/v]で通液するのが好ましい。10[h-1]以下の通液速度や20[v/v]以下の通液量であると非重合体カテキン類の吸着が十分である。
有機溶媒水溶液としては、水溶性有機溶媒と水との混合系が用いられ、水溶性有機溶媒としては、アセトン、メタノール、エタノールなどが挙げられる。中でも、飲食品への使用の観点から、エタノールが好ましい。水溶性有機溶媒の濃度は、20~70%、好ましくは30~60%、より好ましくは30~50%が非重合体カテキン類の回収率の点から好ましい。
非重合体カテキン類の溶出に用いる塩基性水溶液としては、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類のアルカリ水溶液、好ましくは、ナトリウム系のアルカリ性水溶液、例えば水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、炭酸ナトリウム水溶液等を好適に用いることができる。また、アルカリ性水溶液のpHは7~14の範囲が好ましい。非重合体カテキン類回収率の点から9~14、特に10~13.5が好ましい。pH7~14のナトリウム系水溶液としては、4%以下の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液、1N-炭酸ナトリウム水溶液等が挙げられる。塩基性水溶液に、水溶性有機溶媒を混合することができる。有機溶媒の濃度としては、カフェインとカテキンの分離性の点から0~90%の範囲が好ましく、0~50%がより好ましく、0~20%がさらに好ましい。
SV(空間速度)=2~10[h-1]の通液速度で、合成吸着剤に対する通液倍数として1~30[v/v]で、非重合体カテキン類を溶出することが好ましい。さらにSV=3~7[h-1]の通液速度で、通液倍数として3~15[v/v]で溶出することが生産性及び非重合体カテキン類の回収率の点から好ましい。
合成吸着剤は精製処理後に所定の方法を用いることにより再使用できる。具体的には、エタノールのような有機溶媒を通液し合成吸着剤上に吸着したカフェイン等の不要分を脱着させる。又は水酸化ナトリウムのようなアルカリ水溶液を通液・洗浄し、合成吸着剤上に残存する水溶性成分をすべて脱着できる。さらに水蒸気による洗浄を組み合わせても良い。
非重合体カテキン類の溶出液は、濃縮し析出物を固液分離除去することが、味及び安定性向上のため好ましい。濃縮は、減圧蒸留、薄膜蒸留、膜濃縮等により実施することができる。濃縮倍率としては、味及び析出物の分離性の点から2~500倍、さらに2~250倍、特に2~125倍が好ましい。濃縮後の非重合体カテキン類の濃度は、味及び析出物の分離性の点から0.1~70%、さらに0.2~50%、特に0.5~25%が好ましい。固液分離の具体的な操作としては、ろ過及び/又は遠心分離処理等が挙げられる。
また、色調安定の観点から、非重合体カテキン類の溶出液を脱色することが好ましい。具体的な脱色操作としては、カテキン精製物をそのまま、又は水若しくは有機溶媒水溶液に分散又は溶解し、活性炭、活性白土及び酸性白土から選ばれる少なくとも1種に接触させることにより、脱色することができる。
具体的には、タンナーゼ活性を有する酵素として市販品では、ペクチナーゼPLアマノ(天野エンザイム社製)、ヘミセルラーゼアマノ90(天野エンザイム社製)、タンナーゼKTFH(キッコーマン社製)等(いずれも商品名)が利用できる。本発明で行うタンナーゼ活性を有する酵素処理、即ち酵素反応は、タンニンアシルヒドラーゼEC3.1.1.20などで行うことが好適である。市販品としては、商品名「タンナーゼ」(キッコーマン社製)及びタンナーゼ「三共」(三共社製)などが挙げられる。
タンナーゼ活性を有する酵素で処理するときの非重合体カテキン類の濃度は、好ましくは0.1~22%、さらに好ましくは0.1~15%、特に好ましくは0.5~10%、殊更好ましくは0.5~3%である。
酵素処理の温度は、最適な酵素活性が得られる0~70℃が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0~60℃、特に好ましくは5~50℃である。
酵素反応の失活方法は、バッチ式もしくはプレート型熱交換機のような連続式で加熱を行うことで停止することができる。又、タンナーゼ処理の失活終了後、遠心分離などの操作により植物抽出物を清浄化することができる。
また、カテキン精製物含有糖類溶液を成型後のシリアル食品へ付着させる量は、当該糖類溶液中の固形分がフロストシリアル食品中に3~70%となるようにすることが好ましく、さらに5~60%、特に10~50%とすることが、フロストシリアル食品の食味(喫食時の甘味)食感、被覆後の乾燥の容易性、フロストシリアル食品中へカテキン類を高含有させる点から好ましい。
シリアル食品を被覆するのに使用できる糖類の形態としては、グラニュー糖、上白糖、三温糖、異性化液糖(ブドウ糖果糖液糖、砂糖混合異性化液糖、果糖ブドウ糖液糖)、ハチミツ、メイプルシュガー、水あめなどが挙げられる。
また、物質としては、単糖類、二糖類及び多糖類が挙げられ、より具体的には、ショ糖、ブドウ糖、果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、キシロース、リボース、マンノース、ソルビトール、デキストリン、還元デキストリン等が挙げられる。
また押出機による造粒時に摩擦が減り過度に壊れにくくなり、造粒後に造粒物どうしの付着が防止できる。
油脂としては、コーン油、ゴマ油、大豆油、小麦胚芽油、やし油、なたね油、ひまわり油、綿実油等が挙げられる。
糖類には、単糖類、二糖類、及び多糖類、例えばブドウ糖、果糖、乳糖、ショ糖、麦芽糖、キシロース、リボース、マンノース、ソルビトール、デキストリン、還元デキストリンなどが含まれ、これらは一種又は二種以上で使用される。又はハチミツ、メイプルシュガー、水あめなども同様に使用することができる。
天然又は人工甘味料には、例えばステビア、サッカリンのナトリウム塩又はカルシウム塩、シクラメート、アスパルテーム等も併用することができる。糖類はフレーク100部に対して10~50部、好ましくは20~40部の割合で使用される。この量は原料穀類の種類及び得ようとする最終製品の性質に応じて適宜増感せしめうるものである。
乾燥野菜としては、人参、ホウレンソウ等を使用することができる。
乾燥果物としては、リンゴ、レーズン、イチゴ、パパイヤ等が挙げられる。また、アーモンド、松の実、クルミ等のナッツ類、その他カカオマス、カカオバター等のカカオ類も用いることができる。
ビタミンA、ビタミンB群、ビタミンC、ビタミンD、ビタミンE、ナイアシン等のビタミン類;無機鉄、ヘム鉄、カルシウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、銅、セレン、マンガン、コバルト、ヨウ素、リン等のミネラル類;難消化性デキストリン、結晶セルロース、アップルファイバー、小麦ふすま、米糠、コーンブラン、木材繊維等の食物繊維が用いられる。また蛋白質としては、植物性蛋白質でも動物性蛋白質でもよいが、植物性蛋白質の中では特に大豆蛋白質、小麦蛋白質等の粉末が好ましく、動物性蛋白質の中では特に肉パウダー、ミルクカゼイン、卵白粉末が用いられる。
非重合体カテキン類の測定は、カテキン製剤(カテキン類含有植物抽出物又はその精製物)を蒸留水で希釈し、フィルター(孔径:0.8μm)でろ過後、島津製作所社製、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(型式SCL-10AVP)を用い、オクタデシル基導入液体クロマトグラフィー用パックドカラム L-カラムTM ODS(4.6mmφ×250mm:財団法人 化学物質評価研究機構製)を装着し、カラム温度35℃で、A液及びB液を用いたグラジエント法によって行った。移動相A液は酢酸0.1mol/L含有の蒸留水溶液、B液酢酸0.1mol/L含有のアセトニトリル溶液とし、試料注入量は20μL、UV検出器波長は280nmの条件で行った。
タンニンの測定は酒石酸鉄法により、標準液として没食子酸エチルを用い、没食子酸の換算量として求めた。(参考文献:「緑茶ポリフェノール」飲食料品用機能性素材有効利用技術シリーズNo.10)。試料5mLを酒石酸鉄標準液5mLで発色させ、リン酸緩衝液で25mLに定溶し、540nmで吸光度を測定し、没食子酸エチルによる検量線からタンニンを求めた。
酒石酸鉄標準液の調製:硫酸第一鉄・7水和物100mgと酒石酸ナトリウム・カリウム500mgを蒸留水で100mLとした。
リン酸緩衝液の調製:1/15mol/Lリン酸水素二ナトリウム溶液と1/15mol/Lリン酸二水素ナトリウム溶液を混合しpH7.5に調整した。
試料溶液をフィルター(0.45μm)でろ過し、高速液体クロマトグラフ(型式Waters2695、WATERS製)を用い、カラム(Shimpach VP ODS、150×4.6mmI.D.)を装着し、カラム温度40℃でグラジエント法により分析した。移動相A液はリン酸を0.05%含有する蒸留水溶液、B液はメタノール溶液とし、流速は1mL/分、試料注入量は10μL、UV検出器波長は368nmの条件で行った。なお、グラジエントの条件は、以下のとおりである。
時間(分) A液濃度(体積%) B液濃度(体積%)
0.0 95 5
20.0 80 20
40.0 30 70
41.0 0 100
46.0 0 100
47.0 95 5
60.0 95 5
(1)試料の加水分解
試料溶液5mLにメルカプトエタノール200μL、2N塩酸500μLを添加した。
その後、ドライブロックバス(アズワン社製)にて120℃で40分間加熱し、冷却した。
(2)分析
加水分解後の試料溶液中に存在しているミリセチン、ケルセチン及びケンフェロールを、高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより定量した。なお、定量はグラジエント法により行ったが、その分析方法は上記「ルチンの測定」と同じである。
(3)フラボノール類の総量
上記分析により定量されたミリセチン量、ケルセチン量及びケンフェロール量の総和として求めた。
下記の装置を使用した。
HPLC(日立製作所社製)
プロッター:D-2500,ディティクター:L-4200
ポンプ:L-7100,オートサンプラー:L-7200
カラム:lnertsil ODS-2、内径2.1mm×長さ250mm
サンプル注入量:10μL,流量:1.0mL/min
紫外線吸光光度計検出波長:280nm
溶離液A:0.1mol/L酢酸水溶液,溶離液B:0.1mol/L酢酸アセトニトリル溶液
濃度勾配条件(体積%)
時間(分) 溶離液A 溶離液B
0 97 3
5 97 3
37 80 20
43 80 20
43.5 0 100
48.5 0 100
49 97 3
62 97 3
ここで求めたエリア%から標準物質により質量%を求めた。
カテキン製剤を2~3g秤量し、105℃に設定した恒温槽に2時間入れた前後の質量差を水分量として、入れる前のカテキン製剤質量で水分量を割った値の百分率をカテキン製剤水分率とした。
試料約1gを秤量し、105℃で3時間以上乾燥させ、秤量し、下記式により算出した。
固形分=(乾燥後の質量/乾燥前の質量)×100
濁度の測定はJIS K0400-9-10(水質―濁度の測定)に従い行った。測定装置はヘーズ・透過率計(HM-150,積分球式,村上色彩技術研究所製)、吸収セル10mm、を用いた。ホルマジン標準液(400度)(関東化学社製)を希釈し[5~100度(ホルマジン)]検量線を作成した。固形分0.5%水溶液に調整した試料の散乱光の強度(τd)と全透過光の強度(τt)を測定し、τd/τt×100を算出し、検量線から試料の積分球濁度[度(ホルマジン)]を求めた。
日立分光光度計(U-3310)を用いて、サンプルの固形分1.0%水溶液試料の400~900nmの吸光度を、光路長10mmのディスポセル(PMMA製)を使用して測定した。その時の671.5nmの値を吸光度(Abs)とした。
粘度測定はB型粘度計(20℃)を用い3回の平均値を測定値とした。測定サンプルは、予め回転式撹拌機にて数時間攪拌し、充分に溶解した。
カフェイン含有カテキン類組成物(ポリフェノンHG、商品名、東京フードテクノ社製)100gを常温、250rpm攪拌条件下の95%エタノール水溶液490.9g中に懸濁させ、活性炭(クラレコールGLC、商品名、クラレケミカル社製)20gと酸性白土(ミズカエース#600、商品名、水澤化学社製)100gを投入後、約10分間攪拌を続けた。そして40%エタノール水溶液409.1gを10分間かけて滴下したのち、室温のまま約30分間の攪拌処理を続けた。その後、2号ろ紙で活性炭及び沈殿物をろ過したのち、0.2μmメンブランフィルターによって再ろ過を行った。最後にイオン交換水200gをろ過液に添加し、40℃、25Torrでエタノールを留去し、これを凍結乾燥し、粉末状のカテキン製剤(i)を得た。
緑茶葉(大葉種)を熱水で抽出した後、噴霧乾燥により緑茶抽出物を得た。この緑茶抽出物は、非重合体カテキン類の濃度が30.8%であった。
次いで、この緑茶抽出物の非重合体カテキン類濃度が1%になるようにイオン交換水で希釈した。次いで、この希釈液800gをカラム(内径50mm×高さ180mm、容積353.3mL)に充填したスチレン系の合成吸着剤(SP70、商品名、三菱化学社製)200mLに吸着させた。次いで、イオン交換水300mL、30%エタノール水溶液400mLを順次合成吸着剤に通液して非重合体カテキン類を溶出させた。次いで、合成吸着剤に50%エタノール水溶液を400mL通液してポリフェノール組成物を溶出させた。なお、本分画操作はすべて、流速SV=0.8~1.2[h-1]になるように流量調整して行った。次いで、得られた溶出液を減圧濃縮によりエタノールを留去しつつ不溶物を除去した後、凍結乾燥により水分を除去してカテキン製剤(vi)(淡黄色)を得た。上記各カテキン製剤の成分分析値を表1に示す。
表2に示した配合比でカテキン製剤含有糖類溶液を調製した。まず、イオン交換水2.8gを使い捨てアルミカップ(容量50ml 上部(下部)径×深さ(mm)φ61(φ42)×33)に入れ、これに表2に示した配合比となるようカテキン製剤(i)~(vii)を計量して溶解した。これに上白糖(三井製糖製)10.00gを投入しスラリー状のカテキン精製物含有糖類溶液を調製した。この使い捨てアルミカップを100℃に調整したホットプレートに載せ、スラリー状のカテキン精製物含有糖類溶液中の上白糖が溶解するまで撹拌した。
未被覆のシリアル食品(プレーンシリアル食品)は市販品のコーンフレーク(日清シスコ製)を用いた。プレーンシリアル食品25.0gを使い捨てアルミトレイ(上部寸法130×112 下部寸法102×88 高さ55(mm))に入れてホットプレートに載せた。前記カテキン製剤含有糖類溶液を入れた使い捨てアルミカップの一部をくちばし状に変形させて注ぎ口とし、その注ぎ口より溶解したカテキン製剤含有糖類溶液全量をプレーンシリアル食品全体に注ぎかけた。さらにプレーンシリアル食品表面が均一に糖液で被覆されるようスパチュラで撹拌混合した。次に、使い捨てアルミトレイを予め100~110℃に加熱しておいたオーブンに入れ、5分毎にシリアル食品を撹拌し15分間加熱乾燥を行った。その後、室温下15分間放冷しフロストシリアル食品を計量した。この計量値よりフロストシリアル食品に付着した糖類溶液中の固形分量(g)を求めた。
(1)シリアル食品への被覆性
カテキン製剤含有糖類溶液をプレーンシリアル食品へ被覆する時に、均一に被覆できるかどうか及びその作業の容易性の観点から、次の基準により評価した。
5:きわめて良好(きわめて均一に被覆可能)
4:良好(均一に被覆可能)
3:やや良好(ほぼ均一に被覆可能)
2:やや不良(加熱溶融時の粘度が高く、均一な被覆がやや困難)
1:不良(加熱溶融時の粘度が非常に高く、被覆不能)
カテキン精製物含有糖類溶液を被覆したシリアル食品を加熱乾燥する時に、シリアル片同士の凝集と撹拌による破壊によって生じた断片化されたシリアル破片の量を目視により評価し、これに基づきフロストシリアル食品の外観を次の基準に従って評価した。
3:良好(シリアル破片が少ない)
2:やや良好(シリアル破片がやや多い)
1:不良(シリアル破片が多い)
Claims (9)
- カテキン類をフロストシリアル食品乾物質量に対して0.1質量%以上含有するフロストシリアル食品であって、該フロストシリアル食品の被覆素材中の糖類以外の固形分の割合が1質量%以上であり、かつ該糖類以外の固形分中のカテキン類の割合が40質量%以上であるフロストシリアル食品。
- フロストシリアル食品の被覆素材中にカテキン類含有植物抽出物の精製物を配合することで該被覆素材中にカテキン類を含有させた請求項1記載のフロストシリアル食品。
- フロストシリアル食品の被覆素材中の(A)ミリセチン、(B)ケルセチン及び(C)ケンフェロールの含有量の和と、(D)エピガロカテキンガレート及び(E)ガロカテキンガレートの含有量の和との比((A)+(B)+(C)の含有量)/((D)+(E)の含有量)が0.0001~0.1(質量比)である請求項1又は2記載のフロストシリアル食品。
- シリアル食品を成形後、該シリアル食品を、固形分中のカテキン類の割合が40質量%以上であるカテキン類含有植物抽出物の精製物を含有する糖類溶液で被覆するフロストシリアル食品の製造方法。
- 前記糖類溶液中の固形分中の糖類以外の固形分の割合が1質量%以上である請求項4記載のフロストシリアル食品の製造方法。
- 前記糖類溶液中のカテキン類濃度が0.01~15質量%である請求項4又は5記載のフロストシリアル食品の製造方法。
- 前記糖類溶液中の固形分が、フロストシリアル食品中に3~70質量%となるように前記糖類溶液を付着させる請求項4~6のいずれか1項記載のフロストシリアル食品の製造方法。
- 前記カテキン類含有植物抽出物の精製物が、固形分0.5質量%水溶液としたときの濁度が40度(ホルマジン)以下である請求項4~7のいずれか1項記載のフロストシリアル食品の製造方法。
- 前記カテキン類含有植物抽出物の精製物が、固形分1.0質量%水溶液としたときの671.5nmにおける吸光度が0.4以下である請求項4~8のいずれか1項記載のフロストシリアル食品の製造方法。
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