WO2012013118A1 - 硫酸卡维地洛的结晶、其制备方法及其在医药上的应用 - Google Patents

硫酸卡维地洛的结晶、其制备方法及其在医药上的应用 Download PDF

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WO2012013118A1
WO2012013118A1 PCT/CN2011/077150 CN2011077150W WO2012013118A1 WO 2012013118 A1 WO2012013118 A1 WO 2012013118A1 CN 2011077150 W CN2011077150 W CN 2011077150W WO 2012013118 A1 WO2012013118 A1 WO 2012013118A1
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carvedilol
crystal
sulfate
type
preparing
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French (fr)
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孙飘扬
武乖利
吴玉霞
陈永江
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Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12Antihypertensives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/56Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/80[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
    • C07D209/82Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
    • C07D209/88Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to Carvedilol sulfate type A, B, C and D crystals, a preparation method thereof and use thereof for preparing medicines for treating hypertension, congestive heart failure and angina pectoris
  • the trade name is DilatrendTM (Dali).
  • Carvedilol is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers, a non-selective beta blocker, and also has the properties of alpha blockers, which work synergistically. Patients with heart failure benefit from hypertension, congestive heart failure and angina pectoris, which is superior to traditional beta blockers.
  • the hydrochloride salt of carvedilol is reported in International Patent Application WO 0200216 A1.
  • the salt has poor solubility under the acid condition of simulating gastric juice, so the composition for the drug is not advantageous.
  • Chinese patent application CN1678305A reported the phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate and its solvate of carvedilol, which was found to have good water solubility compared with the corresponding hydrochloride salts of carvedilol and carvedilol.
  • the international patent application WO200808310 mainly describes the preparation of the amorphous carvedilol phosphate and its pharmaceutical composition.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a stable crystal form of carvedilol sulfate and a preparation method thereof.
  • the sulfate of carvedilol is comparable to the dihydrogen phosphate in the drug evaluation index and can be used for the composition of the drug, but carvedilol sulfate is the hydrochloride salt.
  • Dihydrogen phosphate and hydrogen sulfate are more stable, so carvedilol sulfate has its own advantages for drug composition.
  • the international patent application WO2005051325 reports on the preparation of carvedilol sulfate, but does not involve the study of the relevant crystal form and its crystal form preparation method, the inventors have experimentally verified that the salt is formed according to the reported method, and it is impossible to obtain Pure crystalline product.
  • the present inventors conducted extensive and intensive studies on the crystal form and preparation method of carvedilol sulfate in view of the possibility that the crystal form of the drug may have an influence on the solubility, stability and formulation characteristics of the drug.
  • Carvedilol is a white or off-white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water or methanol, almost insoluble in ethanol, chloroform or acetone.
  • An aqueous solution of water or alcohol is an ideal refining solvent. Whether polymorphism exists under different crystallization conditions, we use methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, acetonitrile and their aqueous solutions as crystallization solvents, and the obtained crystallized product of carvedilol sulfate is vacuum dried and heated. After drying, X-ray diffraction measurement was performed.
  • the crystallization solvent selected includes: methanol, methanol/water, water, 95% ethanol, ethanol/water, isopropanol/water, acetone/water, acetonitrile/water, and the like.
  • the crystal samples obtained from the above solvents are separately X-ray diffraction and DSC detection were performed.
  • the experimental results show that carvedilol sulfate crystallizes in an aqueous solution of a conventionally used polar organic solvent, mainly obtaining a crystal form containing semi-molecule crystal water, that is, type A crystal; crystallizing in a conventionally used aqueous methanol solution, resulting in weak B crystal form of bonding force crystal water; crystallized in a conventional low-moisture methanol to obtain a crystal form of carvedilol C in a semi-molecule of crystal water; crystallized in a conventionally used aqueous solution of acetonitrile, Carvedilol D crystal form without crystal water.
  • the X-ray diffraction patterns of these crystal forms indicate that they have respective diffraction characteristics.
  • the crystallized product is dried at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C for a suitable period of time, that is, drying until the water loss is slow to a constant weight, and a sample of the A crystal form having a water content of between 2.0 and 3.0% can be stably obtained.
  • the crystal form B (Fig. 3) obtained by crystallizing carvedilol sulfate in aqueous methanol solution is controlled to be dried at a temperature of 20 to 60 ° C for a suitable period of time to obtain a stable water content of 2.0-3.0%.
  • the DSC spectrum (Fig. 4) shows that the B crystal form has the weak bonding force of crystal water.
  • the crystal water of the B crystal sample is dried at a temperature above 60 ° C for too long, it will cause There is a possibility that the crystal water will be further removed.
  • the experimental results show that the moisture content of the sample obtained under vacuum drying at 80 ° C may be less than 2.0%.
  • carvedilol sulfate is crystallized under the condition of crystallization of methanol with low water content.
  • Form C (Fig. 5), dry the sample to a constant weight under vacuum drying at 40 to 80 ° C, and measure the moisture, which is found between 2.0 and 2.8%, in the DSC spectrum ( Figure 6).
  • the crystal form of carvedilol sulfate C has a strong bonding force of crystal water.
  • the moisture calculation results indicate that the C crystal form product should be a hemihydrate.
  • the crystallization product is controlled to dry at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C for a suitable period of time, and dried until the dehydration slowly approaches a constant weight, so that a C crystal sample having a water content of between 2.0 and 3.0% can be stably obtained.
  • the inventors used acetonitrile aqueous solution as a crystallization solvent to obtain crystallized product of carvedilol sulfate D crystal form (Fig. 7), and the sample was obtained under vacuum drying at 40 to 80 ° C. The sample was dried for 3 hours, and the DSC spectrum (Fig. 8) showed the presence of the crystallized water of carvedilol sulfate D crystal form. Controlling the crystallized product to be dried at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C for a suitable period of time, and removing the adsorbed water, thereby obtaining a D crystal form having a water content of 1.0% or less.
  • Carvedilol can be used as a raw material in the method of the present invention.
  • the type of the form is not particularly limited, and may be a crystal of any crystal form or an amorphous solid.
  • the method of the present invention is characterized in that a lower organic solvent is used, preferably a polar organic solvent such as an alcohol, a nitrile or a ketone which has a carbon number of less than 3 and which can be volatilized and can be used as a crystallization solvent, or a mixture thereof
  • a polar organic solvent such as an alcohol, a nitrile or a ketone which has a carbon number of less than 3 and which can be volatilized and can be used as a crystallization solvent, or a mixture thereof
  • An aqueous solution more preferably ethanol or methanol or a mixture thereof, or a mixture thereof with water as a recrystallization solvent for carvedilol sulfate crystals.
  • the crystallization may be carried out using pure water or a pure organic solvent, a mixed solvent of an alcohol and another polar organic solvent, or an aqueous solution of a polar organic solvent.
  • the ratio of the polar organic solvent to water is not particularly limited and may be arbitrary, but such a ratio may often affect the type and purity of the crystal form.
  • the present invention provides a process for preparing Carvedilol Form A crystals. The method includes the following steps:
  • polar organic solvent selected from the following solvents; One or more: ethanol, isopropanol or acetone;
  • the present invention also provides a process for preparing Carvedilol Form B sulfate.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the present invention also provides a process for preparing Carvedilol Form C crystals.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the process for preparing Form B of the present invention is characterized by using an aqueous methanol solution as a crystallization solvent.
  • the ratio of the methanol solvent to the water is not particularly limited and may be arbitrary, but the results of the study also show that when the methanol ratio is less than 40%, it is possible to obtain an impure mixed crystal form.
  • the proportion of methanol is further lowered and the proportion of water tends to 100, it actually means pure water as a solvent, and the crystal obtained at this time is type A crystal. Therefore, the ratio of alcohol to water is generally limited to 40: 60 to 90: 10, and the form of carvedilol sulfate B can be obtained.
  • the proportion of the methanol solvent is further increased by more than 10%, an impure mixed crystal form may be obtained.
  • the methanol content tends to be 100% and contains water for crystallization, the carvedilol C crystal form containing the semi-molecule of crystal water can be obtained.
  • the moisture content can be controlled from 2% to 0.2%.
  • the present invention also provides a process for preparing Carvedilol Form D sulfate.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the process for preparing Form D of the present invention is characterized by using an aqueous acetonitrile solution as a crystallization solvent.
  • the ratio of the acetonitrile solvent to water is not particularly limited and may be arbitrary, but the results of the study indicate that when the acetonitrile ratio is too low, an impure mixed crystal form is obtained, and when the ratio of acetonitrile is excessive When it is high, the solubility of the crystallization solvent is too low, and a satisfactory yield is not obtained.
  • the ratio of acetonitrile to water can be limited to 30:70 to 90:10, more preferably 40:60 to 80:20, and the above procedure can be used to obtain Carvedilol D crystal form.
  • the method of recrystallization is not particularly limited and is carried out in accordance with a usual recrystallization operation method.
  • calveridol sulfate is first dissolved in an organic solvent or a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water, and then cooled and crystallized, filtered, and the obtained crystal is dried under vacuum at 40 to 80 ° C to obtain a vacuum. The effect of removing the recrystallization solvent.
  • the carvedilol sulfate crystals prepared according to the process of the present invention contain no or only a relatively low level of solvent residue.
  • Ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and acetone are the third class of low toxic solvents in the residual solvents of medical products prescribed by the National Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, the crystal of the present invention can be preferably used as a pharmaceutical active ingredient.
  • the crystal of the present invention exhibits good properties both in stability and solubility.
  • Figure 1 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Carvedilol Form A crystal (20081121).
  • 2 is the DSC spectrum of carvedilol sulfate type A crystal (20081121)
  • Figure 3 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of carvedilol sulfate type B crystal (20081125).
  • Figure 4 is a DSC spectrum of carvedilol sulfate type B crystal (20081125).
  • Figure 5 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of carvedilol sulfate type C crystal (20081129).
  • Figure 6 is a DSC spectrum of carvedilol sulfate type C crystal (20081129).
  • Figure 7 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of carvedilol sulfate D-type crystal (20090503).
  • Figure 8 is a DSC spectrum of carvedilol sulfate D-type crystal (20090503).
  • Figure 9 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of carvedilol sulfate amorphous crystal (20090421).
  • Figure 10 is a DSC spectrum of carvedilol sulfate amorphous crystal (20090421).
  • Figure 11 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of carvedilol sulfate (20090422)
  • Figure 12 is a DSC spectrum of carvedilol sulfate (20090422) (synthesized according to patent WO2005051325)
  • Carvedilol (synthesized according to patent US4503067 (1983)) 25g (0.062mol) was dissolved in 250ml of ethanol, heated to dissolve, sulfuric acid (0.031mol, 3.04g, 1.68ml)
  • Fig. 1 It is a type A crystal.
  • the DSC spectrum indicates that the type A crystal has a desorption endothermic peak at 107.2 °C, and the peak value is 113.4 ° C.
  • a melting endotherm peak began to appear at 147.4 ° C with a peak of 149.4 ° C.
  • Example 3 2.0 g (2.2 mmol) of carvedilol sulfate obtained in Example 1 was added to 250 ml of water, heated to reflux until clarification, slowly cooled to room temperature, and filtered, and the obtained crystal was vacuum dried at 60 ° C for 3 hours. The crystal was obtained in 1.87 g, the water content was 2.73%, and the mass yield was 93.5%. The X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristic of the crystal sample was the same as that of the type A crystal. Example 3
  • Example 5 The carvedilol sulfate lO.Og (ll.Ommol) obtained in Example 1 was added to 30 ml of an aqueous 50% isopropanol solution, heated to reflux for clarification, kept for 30 minutes, slowly cooled to room temperature, and filtered. The obtained crystal was dried under vacuum at 60 ° C to obtain 9.5 g of crystals, mass yield 95%, and water: 2.42%. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the crystalline sample is characterized by absorption of the same type A crystal.
  • Example 5 The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the crystalline sample is characterized by absorption of the same type A crystal.
  • Example 6 The carvedilol sulfate lO.Og (ll.Ommol) obtained in Example 1 was added to 50 ml of an aqueous 50% ethanol solution, heated to reflux for clarification, kept for 30 minutes, cooled, and stirred under magnetic stirring at room temperature, filtered. The obtained crystal was dried under vacuum at 60 ° C to obtain 9.5 g of crystals. Mass yield 95%, moisture: 2.18%. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the crystalline sample is characteristically absorbed by the same type A crystal.
  • Example 6 The carvedilol sulfate lO.Og (ll.Ommol) obtained in Example 1 was added to 50 ml of an aqueous 50% ethanol solution, heated to reflux for clarification, kept for 30 minutes, cooled, and stirred under magnetic stirring at room temperature, filtered. The obtained crystal was dried under vacuum at 60 ° C to obtain 9.5 g of crystals. Mass yield 95%, moisture: 2.18%. The X-ray diffraction
  • Example 7 2.0 g (2.2 mmol) of carvedilol sulfate obtained in Example 1 was added to 80 ml of 50% aqueous methanol solution, heated to reflux for clarification, kept for 30 minutes, stirred and cooled to room temperature for crystallization, and filtered, and the obtained crystal was Drying to constant weight at 40 ° C under vacuum gave 1.8 g of crystals, mass yield 90.0%, water: 2.56%.
  • the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the crystal sample is the same as that of Fig. 3, which is type B crystal.
  • the DSC spectrum indicates that the type B crystal has a flat desorption endothermic peak at 60 ° C and a peak value of about 87 ° C. It indicates that there is a weak bonding force of crystal water or adsorbed water; a sharp melting endothermic peak starts at 147.8 °C, and the peak value is 150.2 °C.
  • Example 7 Example 7
  • Example 2 2.0 g (2.2 mmol) of carvedilol sulfate obtained in Example 1 was added to 160 ml of methanol, heated to reflux for clarification, kept for 30 minutes, slowly cooled to room temperature for crystallization, and filtered, and the obtained crystal was at 60 °.
  • the carvedilol sulfate lO.Og (ll.Ommol) obtained in Example 1 was added to 50 ml of an aqueous 50% acetonitrile solution, heated to reflux for clarification, kept for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, allowed to stand for crystallization, and filtered.
  • the obtained crystal was dried under vacuum at 60 ° C to obtain 7.9 g of crystals, mass yield: 79.0%, and water: 1.73%.
  • the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the crystal sample is shown in Fig. 7, which is a D-type crystal.
  • the DSC spectrum shows that the D-type crystal has no desorption endothermic peak before and after 100 °C, and a sharp melting endothermic peak starts at 146.9 °C with a peak value of 149.3 °C.
  • Carvedilol base (20080903) was prepared according to the method disclosed in the patent US Pat. No. 4,503,067 (1983); the hydrochloride salt of carvedilol (batch number 20080824) was prepared according to the method disclosed in the patent WO0200216A1; the card was prepared according to the method disclosed in the patent CN1678305A.
  • Dihydrogen phosphate of lotilol (batch No. 20080904);
  • Carvedilol sulfate (batch 20080904) was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and the card was reacted with carvedilol in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a card.
  • Venodisulfate (batch number 20080903); The above samples were tested for stability and solubility, and the results are shown in the table below. Table 1. Stability of carvedilol and several salts (HPLC related substances:)

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Description

硫酸卡维地洛的结晶、 其制备方法及其在医药上的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及硫酸卡维地洛 A型、 B型、 C型和 D型结晶、其制备 方法及其在制备治疗高血压、 充血性心力衰竭和心绞痛的药物中的用
背景技术
卡维地洛 (Carvedilol ) 化学名为( ± )-1-(9Η-咔唑基 -4-氧 基:) -3-[[2-(2-甲氧基苯氧基:)乙基]氨基] -2-丙醇, 由德国幅灵曼 Boehringer Mannhei公司研制开发, FDA于 1995年 9月 14日首次批 准在美国上市。 商品名为 DilatrendTM (;达利全)。 卡维地洛是一种两个 立体异构体的外消旋混合物, 是一种非选择性 β受体阻滞剂, 同时其 也有 α受体阻滞剂的特性, 两种作用可协同使心衰患者获益,用于治疗 高血压、 充血性心力衰竭和心绞痛, 疗效优于传统 β受体阻滞剂。
卡维地洛含有 α -羟基仲胺官能团, Pka值为 7.8,卡维地洛溶于中 性或碱性介质中, 即 pH值大于 9时, 卡维地洛的溶解度相对较低(小 于 lug/mL) , 在 pH=7时约 23 ug/mL, 在 pH=5时约 100ug/mL。 因此 人们合成卡维地洛的盐, 希望能提高其水溶性, 增加化学稳定性, 以 便用于药物的组成。
Figure imgf000002_0001
国际专利申请 WO0200216A1中报道了卡维地洛的盐酸盐。 但是 该盐在模拟胃液的酸条件下, 其溶解性较差, 因此用于药物的组成不 具备优势。中国专利申请 CN1678305A中则报道了卡维地洛的磷酸盐、 磷酸二氢盐及其溶剂合物, 发现其比相应的卡维地洛及卡维地洛的盐 酸盐具有很好的水溶性。国际专利申请 WO200808310主要介绍了无定 型卡维地洛磷酸盐的制备及其药物组成。国际专利申请 WO2005051325 中报道了关于硫酸卡维地洛的制备, 但是没有涉及相关的药物组成、 晶型及其晶型制备方法的研究。鉴于药物晶型本身对药物的溶解度、稳 定性及制剂特性等都有可能产生特别的影响, 因此对硫酸卡维地洛盐 的晶型研究具有十分重要的意义。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种稳定的硫酸卡维地洛晶型及 其制备方法。
我们在成盐研究过程中令人惊奇地发现,卡维地洛的硫酸盐虽然与 磷酸二氢盐在药物评价指标中相当,可用于药物的组成,但是卡维地洛 硫酸盐比盐酸盐、 磷酸二氢盐、 硫酸氢盐更稳定, 因此卡维地洛硫酸 盐用于药物组成更具备自己的优势。尽管国际专利申请 WO2005051325 报道了关于硫酸卡维地洛的制备, 但是没有涉及相关的晶型及其晶型 制备方法的研究, 本发明人经实验验证按其所报道的方法成盐, 无法得 到较纯的结晶产物。鉴于药物晶型有可能对药物的溶解度、稳定性及制 剂特性产生影响,本发明人对硫酸卡维地洛的结晶晶型和制备方法进行 了广泛而深入的研究。
硫酸卡维地洛为白色或类白色结晶粉末, 在水或甲醇中微溶, 在 乙醇、 氯仿或丙酮中几乎不溶, 水或醇类的水溶液是较为理想的精制溶 剂, 为了考察硫酸卡维地洛在不同结晶条件下是否存在多晶型, 我们选 用甲醇, 乙醇, 异丙醇, 丙酮, 乙腈以及它们的水溶液作为结晶溶剂, 对所得到的硫酸卡维地洛结晶产物, 经真空干燥和加热干燥后, 进行了 X-衍射测定。
所选用的结晶溶剂包括: 甲醇、 甲醇 /水、 水、 95%乙醇、 乙醇 /水、 异丙醇 /水、 丙酮 /水、 乙腈 /水等。 对以上溶剂所得到的结晶样品分别进 行了 X-衍射和 DSC检测。 实验结果表明, 硫酸卡维地洛在常规使用的 极性有机溶剂的水溶液中结晶, 主要得到含有半分子结晶水的晶型, 即 A型结晶; 在常规使用的甲醇水溶液中结晶, 得到含有弱键合力结晶水 的 B晶型; 在常规使用的低含水量甲醇中结晶, 得到的是的半分子结晶 水的硫酸卡维地洛 C 晶型; 在常规使用的乙腈水溶液中结晶, 得到的 是的不含结晶水的硫酸卡维地洛 D晶型。 这些晶型的 X-射线衍射图表 明它们具有各自的衍射特征。
硫酸卡维地洛 A晶型的稳定性较强,在不同的溶剂中结晶最容易得 到的是 A晶型, 比如在结晶溶剂: 丙酮 /水、 95%乙醇、 乙醇 /水、 异丙 醇 /水、 水等溶剂中, 显示了相同的晶型 (X-ray) 图谱, 其 X射线粉末 衍射图中的特征峰在 2Θ= 5.86、 6.3、 13.9、 17.7、 24.1、 25.3±0.2°处(图 D o
在以甲醇 /水作为结晶溶剂, 则显示了另外一种晶型(X-ray) 图谱。 我们将其定义为 B晶型。 其 X射线粉末衍射图中的特征峰在 2Θ= 6.8、 13.2, 13.6, 18.0, 19.9, 24.0, 25. Κ 30·0±0·2。处 (图 3 )。
在以低含水量的甲醇作为结晶溶剂, 则得到了另外一种晶型 (X-ray) 图谱。 我们将其定义为 C晶型。 其 X射线粉末衍射图中的特 征峰在 2Θ = 6.5、 7.4、 10.0、 11.8、 13.1、 14.8、 16.3、 18.3、 19.6、 20.8、 24.3 , 25·9 ±0·2ο处 (图 5 )。
以乙腈 /水作为结晶溶剂,则得到了另外一种无水晶型。我们将其定 义为 D晶型。 其 X射线粉末衍射图中的特征峰在 2Θ= 6.4±0.2°处(图 7)。
研究发现,在同种溶剂条件下,搅拌方式对 Α晶型选择性不产生影 口向,机械搅拌、磁力搅拌或静置析晶条件下,以乙醇 /水的溶剂体系为例, 均得到了稳定的 A型结晶。
在晶型研究过程中, 我们发现晶型与水份有着密切的关系。在含水 溶剂中结晶, 比如在丙酮 /水中, 结晶出的 A晶型 (图 1 ), 在 60°C真空 干燥的条件下, 将结晶得到的样品干燥至恒重, 测其水份, 发现介于 2.0-2.8%之间, 在 DSC图谱 (图 2 ) 中, 显示有结晶水的存在。 根据水 份计算公式:水份%=[1^
Figure imgf000004_0001
18):^ 100% (其中 M为卡维 地洛的分子量), 可以计算出我们的产物应为半水合物: 两分子卡维地 洛 +—分子硫酸 +—分子水。 由于水份对晶型具有影响, 因此, 我们控制 结晶产物在 20〜80°C温度条件下干燥合适的时间,即干燥至失水缓慢趋 于恒重, 即可稳定地得到水份在 2.0-3.0%之间的 A晶型样品。
同样, 硫酸卡维地洛在甲醇水溶液中结晶得到的 B晶型 (图 3 ), 控制在 20〜60°C温度条件下干燥合适的时间, 即可稳定地得到水份在 2.0-3.0%之间的 B晶型样品。 DSC图谱(图 4)显示 B晶型有弱键合力 结晶水的存在, 和 A晶型样品相比, B晶型样品的结晶水如果在 60°C 以上的温度干燥时间过长, 就会导致结晶水有进一步脱去的可能。 实验 结果表明在 80°C真空干燥的条件下, 得到的样品含水量检测可能低于 2.0%。
进一步地, 在用低含水量甲醇结晶条件下, 结晶出的硫酸卡维地洛
C晶型 (图 5 ), 在 40〜80°C真空干燥的条件下, 将得到的样品干燥至 恒重, 测其水份, 发现介于 2.0-2.8%之间, 在 DSC图谱(图 6) 中, 显 示硫酸卡维地洛 C晶型有较强键合力结晶水的存在。水份计算结果表明 的 C晶型产物应为半水合物。 控制结晶产物在 20〜80°C温度条件下干 燥合适的时间, 干燥至失水缓慢趋于恒重, 即可稳定地得到水份在 2.0-3.0%之间的 C晶型样品。
作为备选的结晶溶剂, 本发明人用乙腈水溶液作为结晶溶剂, 结晶 得到硫酸卡维地洛 D晶型结晶产物 (图 7), 样品在 40〜80°C真空干燥 的条件下, 将得到的样品干燥 3小时, DSC图谱 (图 8 ) 显示, 硫酸卡 维地洛 D晶型无结晶水的存在。 控制结晶产物在 20〜80°C温度条件下 干燥合适的时间, 除去吸附水, 即可得到水份在 1.0% 以下的 D晶型样 口 本发明方法中可作为原料使用的硫酸卡维地洛的形态种类没有特 别限定, 可以是任意晶型的结晶或无定型固体。
本发明方法的特征在于使用低级有机溶剂, 优选含碳原子数小于 3 的、 同时能够挥发并可用作结晶溶剂的醇类、 腈类、 酮类等极性有机溶 剂,或它们的混合物及其水溶液;更优选为乙醇或甲醇或它们的混合物, 或它们与水的混合物作为硫酸卡维地洛结晶的重结晶溶剂。析晶时可以 用纯水或纯有机溶剂, 也可以用醇类和其它极性有机溶剂的混合溶剂, 或者极性有机溶剂的水溶液。极性有机溶剂与水两者的比例没有特别限 制,可以是任意的,但这种比例往往可能对晶型的种类和纯度产生影响。 本发明提供了一种制备硫酸卡维地洛 A型结晶的方法。 该方法包 括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将任意晶型或无定型的硫酸卡维地洛加热溶解于适量的极性有机 溶剂或其水溶液中, 搅拌或放置冷却析晶, 所述极性有机溶剂选 自下述溶剂中的一种或多种: 乙醇、 异丙醇或丙酮;
(2) 过滤, 洗涤; 于 40〜80°C真空干燥。
本发明还提供了一种制备硫酸卡维地洛 B型结晶的方法。 该方法 包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将任意晶型或无定型的硫酸卡维地洛加热溶解于甲醇水溶液中, 放置冷却析晶;
(2) 过滤, 洗涤; 于 20〜60°C真空干燥。
本发明还提供了一种制备硫酸卡维地洛 C型结晶的方法。 该方法包 括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将任意晶型或无定型的硫酸卡维地洛加热溶解于甲醇中, 放置冷 却析晶;
(2) 过滤, 洗涤; 于 20〜80°C真空干燥。
本发明制备 B晶型方法的特征在于用甲醇水溶液作为结晶溶剂。对 于结晶过程本身来说, 甲醇溶剂与水两者的比例没有特别限制, 可以是 任意的, 但是研究结果也表明, 当甲醇比例低于 40%以下时, 则有可能 得到不纯的混合晶型,而当甲醇的比例进一步降低,水的比例趋向于 100 时,实际上指的就是纯的水作溶剂,此时得到的结晶为 A型结晶。因此, 醇与水的比例一般限定在 40: 60至 90: 10, 可得到硫酸卡维地洛 B晶 型, 甲醇溶剂的比例如果进一步升高 10%以上, 则可能得到不纯的混合 晶型, 当甲醇含量趋向于 100%并含有可供结晶的水分时, 则可得到含 有半分子结晶水的硫酸卡维地洛 C晶型。 一般可控制水分的含量在 2% 至 0.2%。
本发明还提供了一种制备硫酸卡维地洛 D型结晶的方法。 该方法包 括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将任意晶型或无定型的硫酸卡维地洛加热溶解于乙腈水溶液中, 放置冷却析晶;
(2) 过滤, 洗涤; 于 20〜80°C真空干燥。 本发明制备 D晶型方法的特征在于用乙腈水溶液作为结晶溶剂。对 于结晶过程本身来说, 乙腈溶剂与水两者的比例没有特别限制, 可以是 任意的,但是研究结果表明, 当乙腈比例过低时,得到不纯的混合晶型, 而当乙腈的比例过高时,结晶溶剂的溶解度太低,而得不到满意的产率。 一般地, 乙腈与水的比例可限定在 30: 70至 90: 10, 更优选在 40: 60 至 80: 20, 按上述方法操作, 即可得到硫酸卡维地洛 D晶型。
重结晶的方法没有特别限定,按通常的重结晶操作方法进行。例如, 先将硫酸卡维地洛在有机溶剂或者有机溶剂与水的混合溶剂中加热溶 解,后冷却析晶,过滤、所得结晶在 40〜80°C的加热条件下,真空干燥, 就能达到去除重结晶溶剂的效果。
按照本发明的方法制备的硫酸卡维地洛结晶不含有或仅含有较低 含量的溶剂残留。 乙醇, 甲醇, 异丙醇和丙酮等均是国家药典规定的医 药产品残留溶剂中的第三类低毒溶剂, 因而本发明的结晶可以较好地作 为医药有效成分使用。本发明的结晶在稳定性和溶解性上都表现出良好 的特性。 附图说明
结合以下附图, 本发明的以上和其他的目的和特征将会变得显而 易见, 所述附图分别表示: 图 1为硫酸卡维地洛 A型结晶 (20081121 ) 的 X-射线粉末衍射图谱 图 2为硫酸卡维地洛 A型结晶 (20081121 ) 的 DSC图谱
图 3为硫酸卡维地洛 B型结晶 (20081125 ) 的 X-射线粉末衍射图谱 图 4为硫酸卡维地洛 B型结晶 (20081125 ) 的 DSC图谱
图 5为硫酸卡维地洛 C型结晶 (20081129 ) 的 X-射线粉末衍射图谱 图 6为硫酸卡维地洛 C型结晶 (20081129 ) 的 DSC图谱
图 7为硫酸卡维地洛 D型结晶 (20090503 ) 的 X-射线粉末衍射图谱 图 8为硫酸卡维地洛 D型结晶 (20090503 ) 的 DSC图谱
图 9为硫酸卡维地洛无定型结晶 (20090421 ) 的 X-射线粉末衍射图谱 图 10为硫酸卡维地洛无定型结晶 (20090421 ) 的 DSC图谱
图 11 为硫酸卡维地洛 (20090422 ) 的 X-射线粉末衍射图谱 (依专利 图 12为硫酸卡维地洛(20090422 )的 DSC图谱(依专利 WO2005051325 合成) 具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例更详细地解释本发明, 本发明的实施例仅用于 说明本发明的技术方案, 并非限定本发明的实质。 实验所用的测试仪器
X-射线衍射谱
仪器型号: D/Max-RA 日本 RigakuX-射线粉末衍射仪
射线: 单色 Cu-Κα射线 (λ=1·5418 Α)
扫描方式: Θ/2Θ, 扫描范围: 3— 40θ
电压: 30KV 电流: 50mA 对比例: 硫酸卡维地洛的合成 (依专利 WO2005051325合成):
在 250毫升的三口瓶中加入 38毫升的丙酮, 加入 10.25克的卡维 地洛和 6毫升的水, 加热溶解, 向该反应体系中, 加入 1N的硫酸溶液 25.2毫升, 反应混合物温度维持在 25 °C, 有固体析出搅拌 20小时, 过 滤, 滤饼用 20.5毫升丙酮与水的混合物洗涤, 接着将固体加到 44毫升 的丙酮与水 (10 : 1 ) 的混合溶液中, 在 20-35 °C成桨 30小时, 将桨状 物过滤, 滤饼在真空条件下, 干燥至恒重, 得白色固体 4.95克。 产率: 43.1% , 水分: 2.83%。 该固体样品的 X-射线衍射谱特征吸收和 DSC图 谱见图 11和图 12。 判断为混晶。 实施例 1
将卡维地洛 (依据专利 US4503067 ( 1983 ) 合成) 25g (0.062mol) 溶解在 250ml乙醇中,加温使其溶解,将硫酸(0.031mol, 3.04g, 1.68ml
98%的浓硫酸)稀释在 30ml的水中。 缓慢滴加到卡维地洛乙醇溶液中, 有白色固体析出, 继续搅拌过夜。 次日抽滤, 在 60°C减压干燥 3小时, 得硫酸卡维地洛白色固体 25.8g, 水份 2.29%。 摩尔收率 92.1%。 将上步制得的硫酸卡维地洛 2.0g (2.2mmol)加入到 65ml 95%乙醇 溶液中, 加热回流至澄清, 保持 30分钟, 搅拌冷却至室温析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 60°C真空干燥 3小时,得到结晶 1.86g,质量收率 93%, 水份 2.63%。 该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱图见附图 1, 为 A型结晶, DSC图谱 (见附图 2) 表明 A型结晶在 107.2°C开始有失水吸热峰, 峰 值 113.4°C, 在 147.4°C开始出现熔融吸热峰, 峰值 149.4°C。 实施例 2
将实施例 1制得的硫酸卡维地洛 2.0g (2.2mmol)加入到 250ml的 水中, 加热回流至澄清, 缓慢冷却至室温析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 60°C真空干燥 3小时, 得到结晶 1.87g, 水份 2.73%, 质量收率 93.5%, 该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱特征吸收同 A型结晶。 实施例 3
将实施例 1制得的硫酸卡维地洛 2.0g (2.2mmol) 加入到 25ml的
50%丙酮水溶液中, 加热回流至澄清, 保持 30分钟, 缓慢冷却至室温 析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 60°C真空干燥, 得到结晶 1.72g, 质量收 率 85.9%, 水份: 2.59%。 该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱特征吸收同 A型 曰曰 0 实施例 4
将实施例 1 制得的硫酸卡维地洛 lO.Og ( ll.Ommol) 加入到 30ml 的 50%异丙醇的水溶液中, 加热回流至澄清, 保持 30分钟, 缓慢冷却 至室温析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 60°C真空干燥, 得到结晶 9.5g, 质 量收率 95%, 水份: 2.42%。 该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱特征吸收同 A 型结晶。 实施例 5
将实施例 1 制得的硫酸卡维地洛 lO.Og ( ll.Ommol) 加入到 50ml 的 50%乙醇的水溶液中, 加热回流至澄清, 保持 30分钟, 冷却, 磁子 搅拌室温析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 60°C真空干燥, 得到结晶 9.5 g, 质量收率 95%, 水份: 2.18%。 该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱图特征吸收 同 A型结晶。 实施例 6
将实施例 1制得的硫酸卡维地洛 2.0g(2.2mmol)加入到 80ml 50% 甲醇水溶液中, 加热回流至澄清, 保持 30分钟, 搅拌冷却至室温析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 40°C真空干燥至恒重, 得到结晶 1.8g, 质量收率 90.0%, 水份: 2.56%。 该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱图同附图 3, 为 B 型结晶, DSC图谱 (见附图 4) 表明 B型结晶在 60°C开始有扁平失水 吸热峰,峰值约 87°C,表明有弱键合力的结晶水或吸附水存在;在 147.8 °C开始出现尖锐熔融吸热峰, 峰值 150.2°C。 实施例 7
将实施例 1制得的硫酸卡维地洛 2.0g (2.2mmol)加入到 160ml的 甲醇中, 加热回流至澄清, 保持 30分钟, 缓慢冷却至室温析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 60 °C真空干燥至恒重,得到结晶 1.54g,质量收率 76.9%, 水份 2.24%; 该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱图见附图 5,为 C型结晶, DSC 图谱 (见附图 6) 表明 C型结晶在 103°C开始有扁平失水吸热峰, 峰值 约 112.1 °C, 表明有较强键合力的结晶水存在; C型结晶在 270°C之前未 见熔融吸热峰, 270°C之后开始逐渐分解。 实施例 8
将实施例 1 制得的硫酸卡维地洛 lO.Og ( ll.Ommol) 加入到 50ml 的 50%乙腈的水溶液中, 加热回流至澄清, 保持 30分钟, 冷却至室温, 静置析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 60°C真空干燥, 得到结晶 7.9g, 质量 收率 79.0%, 水份: 1.73%。 该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱图见附图 7, 为 D型结晶。 DSC图谱(见附图 8)表明 D型结晶在 100 °C前后均无失 水吸热峰出现, 在 146.9°C开始出现尖锐熔融吸热峰, 峰值 149.3 °C。 实施例 9
将实施例 1制得的硫酸卡维地洛 2.0g (2.2mmol)加入到 80ml异丙 醇中, 加热回流至澄清, 保持 30分钟, 冷却至室温, 搅拌析晶, 过滤, 所得到的结晶在 60°C真空干燥 3小时, 得到结晶 1.73g, 水份 2.55%, 质量收率 86.5%。该结晶样品的 X-射线衍射谱图无明显特征吸收峰(附 图 9), 判断为无定型结晶。 DSC图谱 (见附图 10) 表明该无定型结晶 在 179.5°C开始出现尖锐熔融吸热峰, 峰值 182.5°C。 对照例 1:
按专利 US4503067 ( 1983 ) 公开的方法制备得到卡维地洛碱 (20080903 ); 按专利 WO0200216A1公开的方法制备得到卡维地洛的 盐酸盐(批号 20080824); 按专利 CN1678305A公开的方法制备得到卡 维地洛的磷酸二氢盐 (批号 20080904); 按实施例 1的方法制备得到硫 酸卡维地洛 (批号 20080904), 按实施例 1的方法, 将硫酸与卡维地洛 等摩尔反应得到卡维地洛硫酸氢盐 (批号 20080903 ); 将以上样品进行 稳定性考察和溶解度测定, 结果见下表。 表 1. 卡维地洛碱及几种盐的稳定性 (HPLC有关物质:)
Figure imgf000011_0001
稳定性试验结果表明,卡维地洛硫酸盐无论是在高温、高湿还是光 照的条件下, 均表现出很好的化学稳定性, 其它盐的有关物质, 均有 不同程度的增加, 卡维地洛硫酸氢盐稳定性最差。 表 2. 卡维地洛碱及几种盐的溶解性
Figure imgf000012_0001
溶解度实验结果表明, 卡维地洛硫酸盐在模拟胃酸的条件下, 其 溶解性和磷酸二氢盐相当, 均优于卡维地洛碱和盐酸盐。

Claims

权利要求书:
1、 一种硫酸卡维地洛的 A型结晶, 其特征在于具有如图 1所示的 粉末 X-射线衍射图, 使用 Cu-Ka辐射, 以 2Θ角度和晶面间距 d值表示 的 X-射线粉末衍射在 13.90 (6.36 ) 处的特征峰最强。
2、 一种制备如权利要求 1所述的硫酸卡维地洛 A型结晶的方法, 其特征在于包括下述步骤:
1 )将任意晶型或无定型的硫酸卡维地洛加热溶解于适量的极性有 机溶剂水溶液中, 放置冷却析晶, 所述的极性有机溶剂选自下述溶剂中 的一种或多种: 乙醇、 异丙醇或丙酮;
2 ) 过滤, 洗涤; 于 20〜80°C真空干燥。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的制备硫酸卡维地洛 A型结晶的方法, 其中 所述的加热溶解温度是指溶液回流的温度。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的制备硫酸卡维地洛 A型结晶的方法, 其中 所述的冷却是指自然冷却至室温。
5、 一种硫酸卡维地洛的 B型结晶, 其特征在于具有如图 3所示的 粉末 X-射线衍射图, 使用 Cu-Ka辐射, 以 2Θ角度和晶面间距 d值表示 的 X-射线粉末衍射在 18.00 (4.92 ) 处的特征峰最强。
6、 一种制备如权利要求 5所述的硫酸卡维地洛 B型的制备方法, 其特征在于包括下述步骤:
1 )将任意晶型或无定型的硫酸卡维地洛加热溶解于适量的甲醇水 溶液中, 放置冷却析晶;
2 ) 过滤, 洗涤; 于 20〜60°C真空干燥。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的制备硫酸卡维地洛 B型结晶的方法, 其中 所述的加热溶解温度是指溶液回流的温度。
8、 如权利要求 6所述的制备硫酸卡维地洛 B型结晶的方法, 其中 所述的冷却是指自然冷却至室温。
9、 一种硫酸卡维地洛的 C型结晶, 其特征在于具有如图 5所示的 粉末 X-射线衍射图, 使用 Cu-Ka辐射, 以 2Θ角度和晶面间距 d值表示 的 X-射线粉末衍射在 6.52 ( 13.54)、 7.38 ( 11.97) 处的特征峰最强。
10、 一种制备如权利要求 9所述的硫酸卡维地洛 C型结晶的方法, 其特征在于包括下述步骤:
1 ) 将任意晶型或无定型的硫酸卡维地洛加热溶解于适量的甲醇 中, 放置冷却析晶;
2 ) 过滤, 洗涤; 于 20〜80°C真空干燥。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的制备硫酸卡维地洛 C型结晶的方法, 其 中所述的加热溶解温度是指甲醇回流的温度。
12、 如权利要求 10所述的制备硫酸卡维地洛 C型结晶的方法, 其 中所述的冷却是指自然冷却至室温。
13、一种硫酸卡维地洛的 D型结晶,其特征在于具有如图 7所示的 粉末 X-射线衍射图, 使用 Cu-Ka辐射, 以 2Θ角度和晶面间距 d值表示 的 X-射线粉末衍射在 6.40 ( 13.80) 处的特征峰最强。
14、一种制备如权利要求 13所述的硫酸卡维地洛 D型结晶的方法, 其特征在于包括下述步骤:
1 )将任意晶型或无定型的硫酸卡维地洛加热溶解于适量的乙腈水 溶液中, 放置冷却析晶;
2 ) 过滤, 洗涤; 于 20〜80°C真空干燥。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的制备硫酸卡维地洛 D型结晶的方法, 其
16、 如权利要求 14所述的制备硫酸卡维地洛 D型结晶的方法, 其 中所述的冷却是指自然冷却至室温。
17、 如权利要求 1所述的硫酸卡维地洛 A型结晶、 如权利要求 5 所述的硫酸卡维地洛 B型结晶、 如权利要求 9所述的硫酸卡维地洛 C 型结晶、 如权利要求 13所述的硫酸卡维地洛 D型结晶在制备治疗高血 压、 充血性心力衰竭和心绞痛的药物中的用途。
18、 一种药物组合物, 其含有一种或多种如权利要求 1所述的硫酸 卡维地洛 A型结晶、 如权利要求 5所述的硫酸卡维地洛 B型结晶、 如 权利要求 9所述的硫酸卡维地洛 C型结晶、 如权利要求 13所述的硫酸 卡维地洛 D型结晶以及药学上可接受的盐。
19、如权利要求 18所述的药物组合物在制备治疗高血压、充血性 心力衰竭和心绞痛的药物中的用途。
PCT/CN2011/077150 2010-07-26 2011-07-14 硫酸卡维地洛的结晶、其制备方法及其在医药上的应用 Ceased WO2012013118A1 (zh)

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