WO2012006861A1 - 一种微颗粒捕获装置及应用该装置的微颗粒输运设备 - Google Patents

一种微颗粒捕获装置及应用该装置的微颗粒输运设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012006861A1
WO2012006861A1 PCT/CN2011/000439 CN2011000439W WO2012006861A1 WO 2012006861 A1 WO2012006861 A1 WO 2012006861A1 CN 2011000439 W CN2011000439 W CN 2011000439W WO 2012006861 A1 WO2012006861 A1 WO 2012006861A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base
microparticle
nozzle
core
microparticles
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PCT/CN2011/000439
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程晓民
周林
樊红朝
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宁波工程学院
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Application filed by 宁波工程学院 filed Critical 宁波工程学院
Priority to US13/807,490 priority Critical patent/US9067323B2/en
Priority to JP2013513520A priority patent/JP5345747B2/ja
Publication of WO2012006861A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012006861A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/10Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
    • B25J9/104Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with cables, chains or ribbons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J11/00Manipulators not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • Microparticle capture device and microparticle transport device using the same
  • the present invention relates to a microparticle capture device, and a microparticle transport device to which the capture device is applied.
  • micro-manufacturing technology and its products have developed rapidly in the past decade.
  • countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany have placed micro-manufacturing in a relatively high position, and as one of the mainstream of manufacturing science, the development of micro-manufacturing technology and industry is a breakthrough for China's leap into high technology.
  • Stacking is an important concept in the field of microfabrication. By controlling the microparticles, stacking can stack or assemble the required 2D or 3D microstructures and components “bottom up". Among them, the smooth capture, directional transport and precise positioning of microparticles are one of the key technologies and important foundations of "stacking forming”. Therefore, how to realize the capture and manipulation of microparticles has become a research hotspot and difficulty in the field of microfabrication.
  • Optical Tweezers is the most representative method to achieve microparticle capture and manipulation.
  • the so-called “optical” is a three-dimensional gradient optical potential well formed by the mechanical effect of momentum transfer between light and matter.
  • Bell Labs Ashkin introduced a single-beam laser into a high-aperture objective lens to form a three-dimensional optical potential well, which proved that it can achieve sub-contact and non-destructive operation of the trap without affecting the surrounding environment. And it is called "light”.
  • the "single” has evolved from the original single-beam gradient force trap to different types of optical potential wells such as two-beam, three-beam, four-beam, array stop, beam workstation and holographic diaphragm. Provides clever and effective tools for microfabrication research based on microparticle capture and manipulation.
  • TACT non-contact three-axis atomic force microscopy
  • dielectrophoresis to manipulate nanomaterials in aqueous media. They applied RF voltage to the TACT tip and inner casing. The housing is grounded and the tip is designed to allow the electric field to escape and create a zero electric field outside the surface. Since the dielectric constant of water is larger than most materials, water pushes the nanoparticles toward the minimum value of the electric field. Since the area around the tip is a repulsive area, it is ensured that only one particle is captured at a time.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microparticle trapping device which is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, and easy to implement in view of the above state of the art.
  • a second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microparticle transporting apparatus using the above microparticle capturing device, which is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, and easy to provide for the above-mentioned prior art. achieve.
  • a microparticle capturing device characterized in that: the microparticle capturing device comprises a microjet nozzle, a voltage regulator and the microjet nozzle
  • the micro-jet nozzle is provided with an annular spray chamber extending in the axial direction, the inner diameter of the annular spray chamber is matched with the diameter of the microparticles to be captured, and the top end of the annular spray chamber is provided with an entrance port.
  • the bottom of the annular spray chamber is provided with an injection port, and an input end of the voltage regulator is connected to an outlet of the hydraulic device, and an output end of the voltage regulator and an incident surface of the microjet nozzle The mouth is connected.
  • the following relationship is satisfied between the inner diameter of the annular spray chamber and the diameter of the microparticles: w -10 ym W pi cp w , where ⁇ ⁇ denotes the inner diameter of the annular spray chamber, 0) w denotes the diameter of the microparticles, and the units of the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and 0) w are ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the micro-jet nozzle includes a nozzle housing and a nozzle core, and the nozzle housing has a through hole extending through the axial direction, and the nozzle core includes a core and a core.
  • the core is fixedly connected to the top of the nozzle housing, the core is inserted into the through hole, and the ring is formed between the inner wall of the through hole of the nozzle housing and the core of the nozzle core a spray chamber, and a liquid inlet hole corresponding to the incident port is opened on the core of the shower head core.
  • the nozzle core has a cross-sectional shape cut along a central axis, and the liquid inlet holes are a plurality of through holes that are circumferentially spaced apart along a core of the nozzle core.
  • the dome-shaped nozzle core can be easily inserted into different nozzle housings, and the top of the dome can facilitate the connection with the core.
  • the plurality of inlet holes distributed along the circumference of the nozzle core can increase the amount of liquid and accelerate the liquid inlet. speed.
  • the hydraulic device may employ various hydraulic systems of the prior art, preferably may have the following structure: including a plunger capable of generating hydraulic oil a pump, a motor for driving the plunger pump, and a supercharger capable of realizing the suction and discharge of the injection liquid, wherein the hydraulic oil passage is connected between the supercharger and the plunger pump through a directional control valve .
  • a microparticle transporting device which is characterized by:
  • a table disposed on the base and capable of linearly moving along a length and a width direction of the base; a container containing microparticles fixedly disposed on the table, and a microjet disposed above the container Nozzle
  • the bracket is mounted with a bracket capable of linearly moving in a vertical direction and extending perpendicularly to the support, one end of the bracket and the microjet nozzle
  • the regulators are fixedly connected.
  • the table includes a first base and a second base, and further includes a first motor and a second a first rail disposed along the length direction, the first base being linearly movable along the first rail by the first motor, the first base A second guide rail disposed along a width direction of the base is provided, and the second base is linearly movable along the second guide rail by the second motor.
  • the side surface of the first rail is provided with a first grating scale for tracking and feeding back the moving position of the first base.
  • a side of the second rail is provided with a second grating that tracks and feeds back the position of the second base.
  • the first base and the second base moving stroke are prevented from slipping off the rail.
  • the base is further provided with a movement limit for the first base.
  • the first anti-collision device is provided with a second anti-collision device for restricting the movement of the second base.
  • the first motor and the second The motor is a linear motor.
  • the invention has the advantages that: a liquid is used as a medium, and a micro-jet nozzle having an annular spray chamber is used to generate a force capable of supporting the microparticles upward and a direction perpendicular to the jet of the microparticles.
  • the flow around the lift, the upward support force and the flow lift generated by the liquid act on the microparticles in a week, and have a "clamping" effect on the microparticles, which will be firmly clamped to the microjet nozzle like a scorpion.
  • microparticles below which enable the capture of microparticles, are a new means and means of capturing microparticles; in addition, the microparticle capture device is microparticle-captured compared to conventional laser, RF voltage and plasma.
  • the device is easier to implement and manufacture, and the device of the present invention can be built and operated in an ordinary daily life environment, does not require a specific application environment, greatly reduces the implementation cost of the capture device, and facilitates the popularization and use of the capture device. Expanded the application and Field.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a microparticle capturing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the operation of the microparticle trapping device of the present invention.
  • Fig. -3 is a partial enlarged view of the portion I shown in Fig. 2 (the principle of microparticle force).
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the microjet head of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the variation and characteristics of the flow velocity of the boundary layer of the microfluid according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a roadmap of the microparticle capture technology of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a microparticle transporting apparatus to which the microparticle capturing device of the present invention is applied.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the feed system of the microparticle transporting device shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the container in the microparticle transporting apparatus shown in Figure 7.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the microparticle transport process of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view and a working principle diagram of the microparticle capturing device of the present embodiment
  • the microparticle capturing device includes a microjet nozzle 1 and a hydraulic device capable of providing a jetting liquid for the microjet nozzle 1.
  • the spray liquid may be water, or other fluid medium capable of causing the fine particles to float on the surface of the liquid.
  • pure water containing no impurities is selected as the spray liquid.
  • the micro-jet nozzle 1 includes a nozzle housing 11 and a nozzle core 12.
  • the nozzle housing 11 has a through hole extending through the axial direction.
  • the nozzle core 12 has a T-shaped cross section along the central axis.
  • the nozzle core 12 includes The core 121 and the core 122, and the core 121 is fixedly connected to the top of the nozzle housing 11 by bolts or screws, and the core 122 is inserted into the through hole of the nozzle housing 11, and the inner wall of the through hole of the nozzle housing 11 and the nozzle
  • An annular spray chamber 13 penetrating in the axial direction is formed between the cores 122 of the core 12, and a plurality of liquid inlet holes 121a communicating with the entrance opening 131 of the annular spray chamber 13 are circumferentially spaced apart from the core head 121.
  • the through hole of the nozzle housing 11 may preferably be a stepped hole, the large diameter portion 111 of the stepped hole is opposed to the entrance opening 131 of the core, and the small diameter portion 112 of the stepped hole is The ejection port 132 is opposed to the microparticles 9.
  • a voltage regulator 2 must be provided between the microjet nozzle 1 and the hydraulic device 3.
  • the input of the regulator 2 is connected to the discharge line of the hydraulic device 3, and the output of the regulator 2 passes through the core 121.
  • the inlet hole 121a is connected to the inlet port 131 of the annular spray chamber 13.
  • the hydraulic device 3 used in this embodiment may be various hydraulic systems in the prior art.
  • the hydraulic device 3 includes a plunger pump 31 and a motor 32 that drives the plunger pump 31 to operate. And a supercharger 33 capable of inhaling and discharging the injection liquid, wherein the supercharger 33 is connected to the water inlet pipe 331 and the water outlet pipe 332, and the supercharger 33 and the plunger pump 31 are connected by the hydraulic oil passage 35,
  • a directional control valve 34 is mounted on the hydraulic oil passage 35. The hydraulic oil is alternately introduced into the pistons of the supercharger 33 through the directional control valve 34.
  • the direction control width 34 is controlled by the PLC electrical control system 36 through the control circuit.
  • the adjustment of the pressure range is to control the shape of the output microfluid 14.
  • the PLC electrical control method is prior art, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the motor 32 drives the plunger pump 31 to output hydraulic oil to alternately enter the two sides of the piston in the supercharger 33 along the hydraulic oil passage 35, thereby driving the piston to reciprocate, thereby achieving alternately inhaling water flow on both sides of the supercharger 33,
  • the liquid water enters the annular spray chamber 13 through the liquid inlet hole 121a of the core 121, and is ejected from the injection port 132 to finally form the microjet 14.
  • the spherical coordinate system is used to analyze the jet distribution and pressure change of the liquid-solid boundary layer, and a vertical plane is taken.
  • the micro-particles are orthogonal to the micro-particles at the largest section of the micro-particles, and a circular section plane is obtained, and the micro-jet 14 is used.
  • the first intersection A of the microparticle surface 93 is the coordinate origin, and the intersection line is selected along the microparticle surface 93 as the X axis, the direction is downward, and the Y axis is perpendicular to the microparticle surface 93.
  • point A to point C is the step-down acceleration section (i.e., ⁇ G ), in this section, although viscous
  • ⁇ G step-down acceleration section
  • the force causes the loss of fluid kinetic energy, but because part of the pressure energy of the fluid is converted into the kinetic energy of the fluid, this loss can be compensated, so that the fluid still has enough kinetic energy to continue to advance
  • the action also continues to consume kinetic energy, so the fluid velocity reduction process is accelerated, and the boundary layer is continuously thickened; when the fluid flows to a certain point D of the microparticle surface 93, the kinetic energy of the fluid micelle near the surface is exhausted.
  • the fluid micelles at this point are stagnant, and point D is referred to as the separation point.
  • the boundary layer fluid characteristics of the microparticle surface 93 are shown in Table 1. Boundary layer fluid properties of microparticle surfaces
  • the boundary layer of the microparticle surface 93 is a layer of viscous flow which appears on the solid surface upon liquid-solid contact, and when the microjet 14 is in contact with the microparticle surface 93, the fluid micelles in the boundary layer Blocked by viscous forces, consuming kinetic energy.
  • the boundary layer corresponding to the surface of the microparticles 93 from point A to point C is in a state of a gradient gradient, so that the force along the flow direction of the boundary layer helps to overcome the shear stress of the surface 93 of the microparticles, and the boundary layer
  • the flow of the internal fluid has a speed increasing effect, which weakens the growth rate of the boundary layer thickness, and the thickness of the boundary layer increases little.
  • the fluid micelles in the boundary layer of the second half of the microparticles will be more retarded, causing some of the fluid micelles to be forced to flow in the opposite direction, forcing the boundary layer to continue to leave the surface 93 of the microparticles.
  • the microjet 14 is caused to form a symmetric vortex 141 (also referred to as a swirling flow) in the lower portion of the microparticle, and the symmetric vortex 141 is in the lower portion of the microparticle to support the microparticle, see FIG.
  • the force of the micro-jet 14 acting on the micro-particles also has a traveling lift 92 perpendicular to the direction of the jet. The force of the micro-particles is as shown in FIG.
  • the boundary layer is generated from the leading edge of the microparticles and proceeds rearward along the surface 93 of the microparticles.
  • the boundary layer will The surface of the microparticles 93 is separated, forcing a reverse flow of fluid between the surface 93 of the microparticles and the boundary layer, and induces a symmetrical vortex 141 (cyclotron flow) in the lower portion of the microparticle, thereby forming an upward supporting force 91 to the microparticle; Jet 14 due to micro The hindrance of the particles will form a flow lift 92 perpendicular to the jet direction of the microparticles; thus, the support force 91 of the symmetric vortex 141 (cyclotron flow) and the bypass lift 92 act on the microparticles, thereby generating a micro-particle
  • the singularity method is used to calculate the condition that the microjet 14 forms a "water raft".
  • the flow function of the synthetic flow field should be the flow function of the jet and the flow function ⁇ ⁇ of the dipole, ie: 4 ⁇ 2 4 ⁇ )
  • 0, the streamline (face) is zero streamline (face), and equation (1) becomes:
  • equation (3) the first equation is a spherical equation, written in the standard form:
  • the intensity of the dipole must be:
  • COS0 (7)
  • is the flow function
  • is the velocity potential function
  • V is the jet velocity
  • is the microparticle half Path
  • M is the intensity of the spatial dipole
  • 0 is the angle between the line connecting the point and the dipole in the flow field and the positive direction of the Z axis
  • ? is the point between the point and the dipole in the flow field distance.
  • the position of the D point of the separation point can also be obtained by calculation.
  • the speed of any point in the flow field is:
  • the flow velocity and pressure of the microjet 14 at the surface 93 of the microparticles can be controlled, and the position of the separation point D can be controlled, so that the microjet 14 can form a symmetric vortex 141 in the lower portion of the microparticle. (Swiveling flow), support for the microparticles 9 and pliers production.
  • the microfluidic flow 14 is generated by the hydraulic device 3 through the microjet nozzle 1.
  • a "water raft” is formed on the surface of the microparticles 9, and by visual control, the leeches can be "Parameter optimization (such as adjusting the jet velocity, microparticle radius, micro-jet nozzle 1 inner diameter and other parameters) to form a stable "water raft", and then using the "water raft” to capture and manipulate the micro-particles 9.
  • the microparticles 9 are plastic fluorescent particles that are insoluble in water and can float above the water surface.
  • the purpose of the microparticles 9 to select fluorescent particles is to facilitate visual tracking and image capture.
  • the inner diameter of the water bundle is matched with the diameter of the microparticle 9, that is, the relationship between the inner diameter of the annular spray chamber 13 of the microjet nozzle 1 and the diameter of the microparticle 9 is satisfied.
  • the microjet 14 is blocked by the microparticles 9, generating a flow lift 92 perpendicular to the flow direction of the jet;
  • support force 91 and the bypass lift 92 directly act on the micro-particles 9, clamp the micro-particles like a scorpion, and form a "water raft";
  • microparticles 9 are wrapped in the interior of the hollow microjet 14 under the action of the resultant force, and when the upward force is balanced with the gravity of the microparticles 9 themselves, the microparticles 9 stay at a certain position inside the water bundle, and then The capture of the microparticles 9 by the "water raft" can be achieved.
  • the microparticles 9 are subjected to the inward traveling lift 92, and the microparticles 9 are also subjected to the upward symmetric vortex 141 (swirl flow) supporting force 91. Since the micro-particles 9 are light and the supporting force 91 is larger than the self-gravity, the resultant force of the micro-particles 9 is inward and upward. In the environment of the micro-jet 14, the symmetric vortex 141 (swirl flow) and the differential pressure are combined to form.
  • the present embodiment proposes a new device and method for capturing microparticles 9 " ⁇ "Water raft", “water raft” is easier and simpler to implement, and is advantageous for popularization and application, and realizes microparticles in the field of microfabrication.
  • the "stacking formation” of 9 provides a new type of technical means with important theoretical significance and potential application value.
  • the microparticle transporting device includes
  • the workbench includes a first base 51 and a second base 52, and further includes a first motor and a second motor, and the base 4 is provided with a first rail 511 arranged along the length direction (X-axis), the first base
  • the seat 51 is linearly movable along the first rail 511 under the driving of the first motor
  • the first base 51 is provided with a second rail 521 disposed along the width direction (Y-axis) of the base 4
  • the second base 52 is
  • the second motor is linearly movable along the second rail 521, wherein the first motor and the second motor are linear motors, and the side of the first rail 511 is provided with tracking and feedback of the moving position of the first base 51.
  • the first grating scale 512, the side surface of the second rail 521 is provided with a second grating scale 522 for tracking and feeding back the moving position of the second base 52, and the base 4 is further provided with a first anti-theft preventing the movement of the first base 51 Collision device 513, the first base 51 is provided with a second anti-collision device 523 that limits the movement of the second base 52;
  • the container 6 is provided with micro-particles 9, and the bottom of the container 6 has a fixing device.
  • the fixing device can be fixedly disposed on the second base 52 of the table by bolts, so that the container 6 can be fixed on the workbench.
  • the micro-jet nozzle 1 is disposed above the container 6, and the container 6 is further provided with a micro-particle accommodating case 62 for forming the micro-particles 9 for forming, see FIG.
  • the support 7 is disposed perpendicular to the base 4, and the support 7 is mounted with a bracket 8 which is linearly movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis) and extends perpendicularly to the support 7.
  • the bracket 8 is driven by the third motor to be lifted and lowered.
  • One end of the bracket 8 is fixedly coupled to the regulator 2 provided on the microjet head 1, and when the carriage 8 is moved along the holder 7, the microjet head 1 can adjust the ejection height in the vertical direction.
  • the microparticle transporting device in this embodiment mainly comprises a microjet nozzle 1 and a high precision feeding system, and the microjet nozzle 1 generates a microjet 14 by the hydraulic device 3, and the high precision feeding system is used to realize the microparticles.
  • the movement of the container 6 of 9 in the horizontal plane enables the micro-jet nozzle 1 to always align with the micro-particles 9 in the container 6; wherein the high-precision feed system is driven by a linear motor, enabling work in the X-axis and Y-axis directions
  • the movement of the table and the lifting and lowering of the bracket 8 in the Z-axis direction ensure that the linear motor can have extremely low thrust ripple at low speed and high speed to ensure uniform speed performance and precise positioning performance, regardless of the direction of motion.
  • the linear motor in this embodiment has a positioning accuracy of ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ , the repeating positioning accuracy is 1 ⁇ ⁇ , the maximum speed is lm/s, and the acceleration is lm/ s 2 ;
  • the first scale 512 mounted on the first rail 511 can track the movement of the first base 51 and feed back the position of the first base 51, and the first collision avoidance device 513 can implement the first base
  • the stroke control of 51; the second scale 522 mounted on the second rail 521 can track the movement of the second base 52 and feed back the position of the second base 52, and the second collision avoidance device 523 can achieve The stroke control of the second base 52;
  • the bracket 8 moving in the vertical direction can also be provided with a third scale and a third anti-collision device to detect and feedback the position of the bracket 8 on the support 7 and to limit the support of the bracket 8. Lifting trip.
  • the table stroke (in the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively) of this embodiment is 500 mm x 400 mm, and the stroke of the bracket 8 in the vertical direction (Z-axis) is 100 mm to 200 mm;
  • the table when working, the table is moved and the height of the bracket 8 is adjusted so that the microjet nozzle 1 is sprayed against the microparticles 9 in the container 6, and when the "water sputum" generated by the microjet nozzle 1 clamps the microparticles 9, again The table is moved so that the clamped microparticles 9 can be moved into the microparticle accommodating case, thereby completing the transport of the primary granules 9 once.
  • the present embodiment utilizes the boundary layer fluid property of the surface of the microparticle to realize a "water raft" capable of clamping the microparticles 9, and the leeches enclose the microparticles 9 inside to realize the capture of the microparticles 9 when the water
  • the center position of the microjet 14 deviates from the center of the captured microparticles 9, and a pressure difference between the microparticles 9 is formed around the microparticles 9, and the microparticles 9 are moved under the action of the pressure difference to realize the transport of the microparticles 9. And manipulation.
  • the microparticle capture device of the present embodiment can realize the "water raft" effect under ordinary experimental conditions, is simple and practical, and is easier to implement and operate, and not only provides a novel microparticle operation mode, but also performs in the microfabrication field. Stacking of microparticles provides new ideas and methods.

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Abstract

公开了一种微颗粒(9)的捕获装置。该装置包括微射流喷头(1)、稳压器(2)和为微射流喷头(1)提供喷射流体的液压装置(3)。微射流喷头(1)内设有沿轴向贯穿的环形喷腔(13)。环形喷腔(13)的内径与欲捕获的微颗粒(9)的直径相匹配。环形喷腔(13)的顶端设置有入射口(131),环形喷腔(13)的底端设置有喷射口(132)。稳压器(2)的输入端和液压装置(3)的出液管路相连,稳压器(2)的输出端和微射流喷头(1)的入射口(131)相连。该装置以液体为介质。

Description

一种微颗粒捕获装置及应用该装置的微颗粒输运设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种微颗粒捕获装置, 以及应用有该捕获装置的微颗粒输运设备。 背景技术
随着科学研究向微观领域的不断延伸,微制造技术及其产品在近十几年来得到了迅 猛发展。 美国、 日本、 德国等国家都已经把微制造置于相当高的地位, 将其作为制造科 学的主流之一, 发展微制造技术和产业, 更是我国向高技术跃进的一个突破口。
"堆积成形"是微制造领域的一个重要理念, 通过对微颗粒的操控, 堆积成形可以 "自下而上"地叠加堆积或组装出所需的二维或三维的微结构和元器件。 其中, 对微颗 粒的顺利捕获、 定向输运、精确定位是"堆积成形"的关键技术和重要基础之一。 因此, 如何实现对微颗粒的捕获和操控成为当前微制造领域的一个研究热点和难点。
根据文献报道, 到目前为止, 对微颗粒的捕获和操控主要是借助于激光、 射频电压 和等离子等来实现的。 其中, "光镊 "(Optical Tweezers)是实现微颗粒捕获和操控最具代 表性的方法, 所谓 "光镊"是利用光与物质间动量传递的力学效应而形成的三维梯度光 学势阱, 是一种可以对微小物体进行无损伤和非接触性操控的工具。 早在 1986年, 贝 尔实验室 Ashkin将单光束激光引入高数值孔径物镜形成了三维光学势阱, 证明其可以 在基本不影响周围环境的情况下实现对捕获物进行亚接触性、 无损活体操作, 并形象地 称其为 "光镊"。 自问世以来, "光镊"技术发展迅速, 针对不同种类激光束产生的 "光 镊"研究越来越全面, 其应用也越来越广泛。 至今, "光镊" 由最初的单光束梯度力光 阱已经逐渐演化出了双光镊、 三光镊、 四光镊、 阵列光镊、 光束工作站和全息光镊等不 同类型的光学势阱, 它们为基于微颗粒捕获和操控的微制造研究提供了巧妙而有效的工 具。
其次, "介电泳动 "(Dielectrophoresis)则是实现微颗粒捕获和操控的另外一种方式。 哈佛大学的 Brown等人采用非接触式三轴原子力显微仪镊夹 (TACT), 并利用介电泳动 实现了水介质中纳米物质的操控, 他们在 TACT的针尖及内壳上施加射频电压, 将外壳 接地, 针尖设计开口让电场逸出, 并在表面之外产生一零电场。 由于水的介电常数比大 部分物质都大, 因此水会将纳米颗粒推向电场极小值的位置。 由于针尖的周围属排斥力 的区域,因而可以确保一次只有一个颗粒被捕获。用这种方法可以捕获单个半导体量子、 碳纳米管、 半导体纳米线、 生物颗粒 (例如病毒)等直径小至 4nm的微颗粒, 从而进行微 结构的组装和操控。 另外, 瑞士联邦理工学院 Huang等人借助等离子 (Plasma)的近场效应, 配合微流体 (Microfluidics)与控制层, 让捕获与操控微颗粒得以实现。他们发展出了由等离子光阱与 微流体组成的光流体器件 (Optofluidic Device), 不需要传统 "光镊" 的复杂光学架构, 就能操控细胞或微颗粒。
上述的 "光镊"、 "介电泳动"和 "电磁场"是目前国际上实现微颗粒捕获和操控比 较有代表性的三种方式, 但是, 上述三种方式的实现都需要特定的硬件设备, 整个系统 的搭建和使用成本高, 而且对于应用环境也有较高的要求, 主要面向研究所和大学从事 理论基础研究的研究人员, 还无法用于工业实践和进行商业化推广。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对上述现有技术现状而提供一种结构简单、 制造成本低且容易实现的微颗粒捕获装置。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是针对上述现有技术现状而提供一种应用有上 述微颗粒捕获装置的微颗粒输运设备, 该微颗粒输运设备整体结构简单、 制造成本低且 容易实现。
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题所采用的技术方案为: 一种微颗粒捕获装置, 其特 征在于: 所述的微颗粒捕获装置包括有微射流喷头、 稳压器和为所述微射流喷头提供喷 射液体的液压装置, 所述微射流喷头内开设有沿轴向贯穿的环形喷腔, 该环形喷腔内径 与欲捕获的微颗粒直径相匹配, 所述环形喷腔的顶端设置有入射口, 所述环形喷腔的底: 端设置有喷射口, 所述稳压器的输入端和所述液压装置的出液管路相连, 该稳压器的输 出端和所述微射流喷头的入射口相连。
为了能够获得较好的微颗粒捕获效果, 提高微颗粒捕获的可靠性和成功率, 作为优 选, 所述环形喷腔的内径和所述微颗粒的直径之间满足以下关系式: w-10 y m Wpi cpw, 其中, Ψρί表示所述环形喷腔的内径, 0)w表示所述微颗粒的直径, 所述 Ψρί和 0)w的单位均为 μ ηι。
为了便于加工和更换, 作为优选, 所述的微射流喷头包括有喷头外壳和喷头芯, 所 述喷头外壳内开设有沿轴向贯穿的通孔, 所述喷头芯包括有芯头和芯体, 所述芯头与所 述喷头外壳的顶部固定连接, 所述芯体插设于所述通孔内, 所述喷头外壳的通孔内壁和 所述喷头芯的芯体之间形成所述的环形喷腔, 并且, 所述喷头芯的芯头上开设有与所述 入射口相对应的进液孔。
作为进一步优选, 所述喷头芯沿中心轴线剖开的截面呈 Τ形, 所述进液孔为沿所述 喷头芯的芯头周向间隔开设的多个通孔。 Τ形的喷头芯能够方便插配到不同的喷头外壳 中, Τ形的顶部便于实现和芯体的连接, 喷头芯上沿周向分布的多个进液孔能够提高进 液量, 加快进液速度。 为了能够在微射流喷头上产生捕获微颗粒所需压力的喷射液体,所述液压装置可以 采用现有技术中的各种液压系统, 优选地可以为如下结构: 包括有能产生液压油的柱塞 泵、 驱动所述柱塞泵工作的电机和能实现所述喷射液体吸入和排出的增压器, 其中, 所 述增压器和柱塞泵之间通过一方向控制阀实现液压油路的连通。
为了便于实现自动化控制, 作为优选, 所述方向控制阀连接有 PLC电气控制系统。 本发明解决上述第二个技术问题所采用的技术方案为: 一种微颗粒输运设备, 其特 征在于: 包括有
底座;
工作台, 设置于所述底座上并能沿该底座的长度和宽度方向分别做直线移动; 盛放有微颗粒的容器, 固定设置于所述工作台上, 所述容器的上方设置有微射流喷 头;
支座, 垂直于所述底座设置, 所述支座上安装有能沿竖直方向做直线移动且垂直于 该支座外伸的支架, 所述支架的一端和设置于所述微射流喷头上的稳压器固定相连。
为了使得工作台能够实现在底座上分别沿 X轴和 Y轴两个方向的位移, 作为优选, 所述工作台包括有第一基座和第二基座, 还包括有第一电机和第二电机, 所述底座上设 置有沿长度方向布置的第一导轨,所述第一基座在所述第一电机的驱动下能沿所述第一 导轨做直线移动, 所述第一基座上设置有沿所述底座的宽度方向布置的第二导轨, 所述 第二基座在所述第二电机的驱动下能沿所述第二导轨做直线移动。
为了便于行程控制, 方便随时检测第一基座和第二基座的移动位置, 作为优选, 所 述第一导轨的侧面设置有跟踪并反馈所述第一基座移动位置的第一光栅尺,所述第二导 轨的侧面设置有跟踪并反馈所述第二基座移动位置的第二光栅尺。
为了限定第一基座和第二基座移动行程, 防止第一基座和第二基座从导轨上 滑脱, 作为进一步优选, 所述底座上还设置有限制所述第一基座移动行程的第一防撞装置, 所 述第一基座上设置有限制所述第二基座移动行程的第二防撞装置。
为了保证第一基座和第二基座在低速及高速下均具备极低的推力纹波, 以保证工作 台移动的匀速性和定位的精密性, 作为优选, 所述第一电机和第二电机为直线电机。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的优点在于: 以液体为介质, 并通过开有环形喷腔的微射 流喷头产生一种能够对微颗粒进行向上支撑的力和对微颗粒的垂直于射流方向的绕流 升力, 这种由液体产生的向上支撑力和绕流升力共周作用于微颗粒, 而对微颗粒具有 "钳制"作用, 会像镊子一样牢牢地 "钳"住位于微射流喷头下方的微颗粒, 从而实现 对微颗粒的捕获, 是一种捕获微颗粒的新手段和方式; 另外, 这种微颗粒捕获装置相比 较于传统采用激光、 射频电压和等离子等进行微颗粒捕获的装置更加容易实现和制造, 而且, 本发明的装置在普通的日常生活环境中就能够搭建和操作, 不需要特定的应用环 境, 大大降低了捕获装置的实现成本, 有利于捕获装置的推广使用, 扩大了应用场合和 领域。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的微颗粒捕获装置结构示意图。
图 2为本发明的微颗粒捕获装置工作原理图。
图 -3为图 2所示的 I部局部放大图 (微颗粒受力原理)。
图 4为本发明的微射流喷头结构剖视图。
图 5本发明的微射流边界层流速变化及特征示意图。
图 6为本发明的微颗粒捕获技术路线图。
图 7为应用有本发明微颗粒捕获装置的微颗粒输运设备结构示意图。
图 8为图 7所示微颗粒输运设备的进给系统结构示意图。
图 9为图 7所示微颗粒输运设备中的容器结构剖视图。
图 10为本发明的微颗粒输运过程结构示意图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图 1〜图 6所示, 为本实施例的微颗粒捕获装置结构示意图和工作原理图, 该微 颗粒捕获装置包括有微射流喷头 1和能为微射流喷头 1提供喷射液体的液压装置 3, 其 中, 喷射液体可以为水, 也可以为其它能够使得微颗粒浮在该液体表面的流体介质, 本 实施例选择不含杂质的纯水为喷射液体。
其中, 微射流喷头 1包括有喷头外壳 11和喷头芯 12, 喷头外壳 11 内开设有沿轴 向贯穿的通孔, 喷头芯 12沿中心轴线剖开的截面呈 T形, 该喷头芯 12包括有芯头 121 和芯体 122, 并且, 芯头 121与喷头外壳 11的顶部通过螺栓或螺钉固定连接, 芯体 122 则插设于喷头外壳 11的通孔内, 喷头外壳 11的通孔内壁和喷头芯 12的芯体 122之间 形成一个沿轴向贯穿的环形喷腔 13,芯头 121上还沿圆周间隔地开设有多个能和环形喷 腔 13的入射口 131相连通的进液孔 121a作为整个微射流喷头 1的液体入口; 为了方便 制造, 喷头外壳 11 的通孔优选可以为阶梯孔, 该阶梯孔的大径部 111和芯头的入射口 131相对, 阶梯孔的小径部 112则作为喷射口 132和微颗粒 9相对。
由于微射流喷头 1的口径较小,从微射流喷头 1喷出的液体压力较大,为了稳定喷 射液体的压力, 保证微射流喷头 1喷出的液体能够有效地夹持住微颗粒 9, 还必须在微 射流喷头 1和液压装置 3之间设置稳压器 2, 该稳压器 2的输入端和液压装置 3的出液 管路相连,该稳压器 2的输出端通过芯头 121的进液孔 121a和环形喷腔 13的入射口 131 相连。 本实施例所采用的液压装置 3可以为现有技术中的各种液压系统,优选地,可以釆 用如下结构:该液压装置 3包括有柱塞泵 31、驱动柱塞泵 31工作的电机 32和能实现喷 射液体吸入和排出的增压器 33 , 其中, 增压器 33连接有进水管路 331和出水管路 332, 增压器 33和柱塞泵 31之间通过液压油路 35连通,在该液压油路 35上安装有方向控制 阀 34, 通过方向控制阀 34使液压油交替进入增压器 33的活塞两侧, 方向控制阔 34由 PLC电气控制系统 36通过控制电路控制, 实现增压范围的调节以控制输出的微射流 14 的形态, PLC电气控制方法为现有技术, 本实施例不做赘述。 液压装置 3工作时, 电机 32带动柱塞泵 31输出液压油沿液压油路 35交替进入增压器 33中的活塞两侧, 从而驱 动活塞往复运动, 实现增压器 33两侧交替吸入水流、挤出水流, 输出的水流经稳压器 2 稳定压力后,液态水通过芯头 121上的进液孔 121a进入环形喷腔 13内,并从喷射口 132 喷出, 最终形成微射流 14。 以下详细阐述本实施例的微颗粒捕获装置的产生条件和工作原理。
当由微射流喷头 1射出的微射流 14流过微颗粒 9表面时, 由于液-固界面效应会在 微颗粒表面 93形成一层边界层, 边界层内的流体微团被粘滞力阻滞, 消耗动能, 流速 减小, 因此, 越靠近微颗粒表面 93 的流体微团, 受到的粘滞力越大, 所以流速减小得 越快。
本实施例采用球坐标系对液-固边界层射流分布和压强变化进行分析,取一垂直面, 在微颗粒最大截面处与微颗粒正交, 得一圆形截平面, 以微射流 14与微颗粒表面 93的 第一个交点 A为坐标原点, 沿微颗粒表面 93选取截交线为 X轴, 方向向下, Y轴与微 颗粒表面 93垂直。
在微颗粒表面 93选取 A、 B、 C、 D和 E五个点, 参见图 5, 其中, A点到 C点, 是降压加速段 (即 < G ), 在这段中, 虽然粘滞力引起了流体微团动能的损耗, 但由于 流体的部分压能转化为流体的动能, 这种损耗可以得到弥补, 使得流体仍有足够的动能 继续前进; C点是一个转折点, C点处流速最大, 压力梯度为零 (即 = G ) ; C点以后, 是增压减速段 (即 ¾" > Q ),这段中流体的部分动能不仅要转变为压能,而且粘滞力的阻 滞作用也要继续消耗动能, 所以流体速度减小过程加快, 其边界层不断增厚; 当流体流 到微颗粒表面 93的某一点 D时, 靠近表面的流体微团的动能已消耗殆尽, 此处的流体 微团便停滞不前, 此时, D点称为分离点。 微颗粒表面 93的边界层流体特性如表 1所 示。 微颗粒表面的边界层流体特性
Figure imgf000008_0001
表 1具体说明如下:微颗粒表面 93的边界层是液 -固接触时出现在固体表面的一层 粘性流动薄区, 当微射流 14与微颗粒表面 93接触时, 边界层内的流体微团被粘滞力阻 滞, 消耗动能。 越靠近微颗粒表面 93的流体微团, 受到的粘滞力越大, 流速减小得越 快。
由表 1可知, 微颗粒表面 93从 A点至 C点所对应的边界层处于顺压梯度状态, 因 而沿边界层流动方向的作用力有助于克服微颗粒表面 93 的切应力, 对边界层内流体的 流动有增速作用, 从而削弱了边界层厚度的增长率, 边界层厚度增加不大, 此段为流体 的降压加速段; 至转折点 C时, 流速增至最大, 压力梯度降为零; C点以后处于逆压梯 度状态, 沿流动反方向的作用力对边界层流动有减速作用, 从而加大了边界层厚度的增 长率, 导致边界层逐渐增厚; 若逆压梯度足够大, 则流体可能在微颗粒表面 93发生流 动方向的改变, 如图 5中的 D点 (分离点, 前后的流体状态分别为 >0和 < 0)所示,
dy dy
因此, 从 D点开始, 边界层将脱离微颗粒表面 93, 造成边界层的分离。
D点以后,微颗粒后半部分边界层中的流体微团将受到更大的阻滞, 导致部分流体 微团被迫反向流动, 迫使边界层继续离开微颗粒表面 93, 由于回流的出现, 使得微射流 14在微颗粒的下部形成对称旋涡 141(又称为回旋流),对称旋涡 141处于微颗粒的下部, 对微颗粒起到了支撑作用, 参见图 2。 同时, 微射流 14作用在微颗粒上的力还有垂直于 射流方向的绕流升力 92, 微颗粒的受力如图 3所示, 液面的表面张力、 对称旋涡 141 的支撑力 91和绕流升力 92共同作用于微颗粒, 对其产生了钳制作用, 并最终形成一种 由液体形成的可以夹持微小物体的 "镊子", 类似于 "光镊"一样的能实现微颗粒捕获 的工具, 由于本实施例采用水作为微射流 14的喷射液体, 因此, 我们称之为 "水镊"。
简单地说, 由于微颗粒与流体边界层的特性,边界层从微颗粒的前缘产生并沿微颗 粒表面 93向后发展,在微颗粒表面 93压强增加的逆压区中,边界层将从微颗粒表面 93 分离, 迫使微颗粒表面 93和边界层之间出现流体反向回流, 并诱导微颗粒下部出现对 称旋涡 141(回旋流), 从而形成对微颗粒的向上支撑力 91 ; 同时, 微射流 14由于受到微 颗粒的阻碍作用, 将形成对微颗粒的垂直于射流方向的绕流升力 92; 于是, 对称旋涡 141(回旋流)的支撑力 91和绕流升力 92共同作用于微颗粒,进而产生了对微颗粒的 "钳 制"作用, 并最终形成 "水镊"。
进一步地, 采用奇点法计算说明微射流 14形成"水镊"的条件。 把一强度为 M的 偶极子放在坐标原点处, 并与射流叠加, 则合成流场的流函数 Ψ应为射流的流函数 与偶极子的流函数 Ψβ相加, 即: 射 偶
Figure imgf000009_0001
4π 2 4π ) 当 Ψ=0时, 流线 (面)为零流线 (面), 式 (1)变为:
Figure imgf000009_0002
解得:
Figure imgf000009_0003
式 (3)中, 第一个方程是球面方程, 写成标准形式为:
, 3
Figure imgf000009_0004
(4)式表示零流线 (面)是半径为 a = ^的微颗粒 (球), 式 (3)中的第二个方程则 表示还有 Ζ轴也是零流线 (面)。
因此, 若想得到射流绕一半径为 α的微颗粒的流场, 则偶极子的强度必须是:
Figure imgf000009_0005
将式 (5)代入式 (1)后即得射流绕 ψ -
Figure imgf000009_0006
射流绕半径为 β的微颗粒流动的速度势函数 Φ应是射流势函数与以 Μ = 2;∞3 ν为 强度的偶极子 , 即:
Φ = COS0 (7)
Figure imgf000009_0007
以上公式 (1)至 (7)中: ^为流函数; Φ为速度势函数; V为射流速度; α为微颗粒半 径; M为空间偶极子的强度; 0为流场中某点和偶极子的连线与 Z轴正向之间的夹角; ?为流场中某点与偶极子之间的距离。
通过计算还可以获得分离点 D点的位置。 其中, 流场中任一点的速度为:
Figure imgf000010_0001
在微颗粒表面 93上有 R=«, 代入上式即可得射流在微颗粒表面 93上的速度: vff = 0
(9) vo = -vsin ^
2 当 Θ等于 0和 π时, ^ = 0, 即射流接触微颗粒的瞬间和下四分点处的速度为零, 这也解释了为什么会产生回旋涡。
于是, 分离点 D点发生在最大速度为 0 = 处, 速度为:
Figure imgf000010_0002
因此, 根据流函数和速度势函数的规律, 就可以控制微射流 14 在微颗粒表面 93 的流速和压力, 并进而控制分离点 D的位置, 使得微射流 14能够在微颗粒下部形成对 称旋涡 141(回旋流), 实现对微颗粒 9的支撑和钳制作用。
综上所述, 要形成最佳效果的 "水镊", 必须对如射流速度、 微颗粒半径、 微射流 喷头 1内径等参数进行合理匹配, 而为了可靠地实现 "水镊"的钳制作用, 提高捕获的 成功率, 微射流喷头 1的环形喷腔 13的内径和微颗粒 9的直径之间还应该满足以下关 系式: Φ^10 μ ηι Ψρί Φ^ 其中, Ψρί表示环形喷腔 13 的内径, iw表示微颗粒 9 的直径, Ψρ^Β Φ^ν的单位均为 μ ηι。
如图 6所示, 为本实施例的 "水镊 "捕获微颗粒的技术路线。 首先, 由液压装置 3 通过微射流喷头 1产生微射流 14, 微射流 14在射向微颗粒 9的过程中, 在微颗粒 9表 面形成了 "水镊", 通过视觉控制, 可以对 "水镊"进行参数优化 (如调整射流速度、 微 颗粒半径、 微射流喷头 1内径等参数), 从而形成稳定的 "水镊", 再利用 "水镊"对微 颗粒 9进行捕获与操控。
为方便对微颗粒 9捕获过程的观察和操作,微颗粒 9为不溶于水且能浮于水面之上 的塑料荧光颗粒, 微颗粒 9选择荧光颗粒的目的是有利于视觉跟踪和拍摄图像。本实施 例选取的参数具体如下: 微射流喷头 1的环形喷腔 13内径 Ψρι=145 μ ιη, 微射流喷头 1 的环形喷腔 13外径 Ψρ。=400 μ ιη, 微颗粒 9直径 0^=150 μ ιη, 水束的内径与微颗粒 9 直径相匹配, 即微射流喷头 1的环形喷腔 13的内径和微颗粒 9的直径之间满足关系式: w-10 y m Wpi Dw, 射流压力为 2000bar; 于是, 从微射流喷头 1喷出的微射流 14 为中空的环形水束, 通过稳压器 2后能够形成性能稳定的均匀流:
(1)、微射流 14射向液面上的微颗粒 9时,会引起液面的扰动,液面产生表面张力;
(2)、 微射流 14受到微颗粒 9的阻挡时, 产生垂直于射流流动方向的绕流升力 92;
(3)、当微射流 14从微颗粒 9表面滑落时,会在微颗粒 9的下部形成对称旋涡 141(回 旋流), 对称旋涡 141(回旋流)产生向上的力, 支撑在微颗粒 9的下部, 因而微颗粒 9受 到向上的支撑力 91的作用;
(4)、 支撑力 91和绕流升力 92直接作用于微颗粒 9, 像镊子一样钳住微颗粒 9, 形 成 "水镊";
(5)、 微颗粒 9在合力的作用下, 被包裹在中空微射流 14的内部, 向上合力与微颗 粒 9自身重力平衡时,微颗粒 9便停留在了水束的内部某一位置,继而可以实现"水镊" 对微颗粒 9的捕获。
本实施例中微颗粒 9的受力情况参见图 3, 微颗粒 9受到向内的绕流升力 92的作 用, 同时, 微颗粒 9也受到向上的对称旋涡 141(回旋流)支撑力 91的作用, 由于微颗粒 9较轻, 支撑力 91大于自身重力, 因此, 微颗粒 9受到的合力是向内和向上的, 在微射 流 14环境中, 对称旋涡 141(回旋流)和压差共同作用形成 "水镊", 微颗粒 9在 "水镊" 夹持下, 能够像镊子一样将微颗粒 9紧紧钳住, 始终保持在射流水束底部中央而不被冲 走, 从而完成 "水镊 "对微颗粒 9的捕获。
本实施例提出了一种捕获微颗粒 9的新装置和方法" ^ "水镊", "水镊 "的实现和实 施更为容易简单, 有利于推广应用, 为微制造领域中实现对微颗粒 9的 "堆积成形"提 供了一种新型的技术手段, 具有重要的理论意义和潜在的应用价值。
如图 7〜图 10所示, 为应用有本实施例的微颗粒捕获装置的一种微颗粒输运设备, 该微颗粒输运设备包括有
底座 4;
工作台, 包括有第一基座 51和第二基座 52, 还包括有第一电机和第二电机, 底座 4上设置有沿长度方向 (X轴)布置的第一导轨 511, 第一基座 51在第一电机的驱动下能 沿第一导轨 511做直线移动,第一基座 51上设置有沿底座 4的宽度方向 (Y轴)布置的第 二导轨 521, 第二基座 52在第二电机的驱动下能沿第二导轨 521做直线移动, 其中, 第 一电机和第二电机均为直线电机, 第一导轨 511的侧面设置有跟踪并反馈所述第一基座 51移动位置的第一光栅尺 512, 第二导轨 521的侧面设置有跟踪并反馈第二基座 52移 动位置的第二光栅尺 522,底座 4上还设置有限制第一基座 51移动行程的第一防撞装置 513, 第一基座 51上设置有限制第二基座 52移动行程的第二防撞装置 523 ;
透明容器 6, 容器 6内盛放有微颗粒 9, 容器 6的底部有固定装置, 该固定装置通 过螺栓能够固定设置于工作台的第二基座 52上, 使得容器 6能够固定在工作台上, 微 射流喷头 1设置在容器 6的上方,容器 6内还设置有将微颗粒 9堆积成形用的微颗粒容 纳盒 62, 参见图 10;
支座 7, 垂直于底座 4设置, 支座 7上安装有能沿竖直方向 (Z轴)做直线移动且垂 直于该支座 7外伸的支架 8, 支架 8由第三电机驱动升降, 支架 8的一端和设置于微射 流喷头 1上的稳压器 2固定相连, 当支架 8沿支座 7移动时, 微射流喷头 1能够沿竖直 方向调节喷射高度。
本实施例中的微颗粒输运设备主要包括有微射流喷头 1部分和高精度进给系统,微 射流喷头 1由液压装置 3产生微射流 14,高精度进给系统用以实现盛有微颗粒 9的容器 6在水平面内的移动, 使得微射流喷头 1能够始终对准容器 6内的微颗粒 9; 其中, 高 精度进给系统采用直线电机驱动, 能够实现 X轴、 Y轴方向上的工作台移动以及实现 Z 轴方向上的支架 8的升降, 直线电机可以保证在低速及高速下均具备极低的推力纹波, 以保证匀速性能及精密定位性能, 不论运动方向如何, 都能严格保证移动的平稳性和直 线性, 以实现平面内精确位移, 本实施例中的直线电机的定位精度为 ±2 μ ηι, 重复定位 精度为 1 μ η, 最大速度为 lm/s, 加速度为 lm/s2;
另外, 安装在第一导轨 511上的第一光栅尺 512能够对第一基座 51的移动进行跟 踪,并反馈第一基座 51的位置,第一防撞装置 513能够实现对第一基座 51的行程控制; 安装在在第二导轨 521上的第二光栅尺 522能够对第二基座 52的移动进行跟踪, 并反 馈第二基座 52的位置, 第二防撞装置 523能够实现对第二基座 52的行程控制; 竖直方 向上移动的支架 8同样也可以设置第三光栅尺和第三防撞装置, 以检测和反馈支架 8在 支座 7上的位置并限制支架 8的升降行程。本实施例的工作台行程 (分别沿 X轴和 Y轴) 为 500 mmx400mm, 支架 8沿竖直方向 (Z轴)上的行程为 100mm〜200mm;
于是, 工作时, 移动工作台并调整支架 8的高度, 使得微射流喷头 1 对准容器 6 内的微颗粒 9喷射, 当微射流喷头 1产生的 "水镊 "夹住微颗粒 9后, 再次移动工作台, 使得被夹住的微颗粒 9能够移动到微颗粒容纳盒内, 由此完成一次微颗粒 9的输运。
本实施例利用微颗粒表面的边界层流体特性实现一种能对微颗粒 9 产生夹持作用 的 "水镊", 水镊将微颗粒 9包裹在内部, 实现对微颗粒 9的捕获, 当水镊移动时, 微 射流 14中心位置偏离被捕获微颗粒 9中心, 在微颗粒 9周围形成沿移动方向的前后压 差, 在压差的作用下带动微颗粒 9移动, 实现微颗粒 9的输运和操控。 本实施例的微颗 粒捕获装置在普通的实验条件下就能够实现 "水镊"效果, 简单实用, 更加容易实现和 操作, 不仅提供了一种新型的微颗粒操作方式, 也为微制造领域进行微颗粒的堆积成形 提供了新的思路和方法。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种微颗粒捕获装置, 其特征在于: 包括有微射流喷头 (1)、 稳压器 (2)和为所述 微射流喷头 (1)提供喷射液体的液压装置 (3), 所述微射流喷头 (1)内开设有沿轴向贯穿的 环形喷腔 (13), 该环形喷腔 (13)内径与欲捕获的微颗粒 (9)直径相匹配,所述环形喷腔 (13) 的顶部设置有入射口 (131), 所述环形喷腔 (13)的底部设置有喷射口 (132),所述稳压器 (2) 的输入端和所述液压装置 (3)的出液管路相连,该稳压器 (2)的输出端和所述微射流喷头 (1) 的入射口 (131)相连。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的微颗粒捕获装置, 其特征在于: 所述环形喷腔 (13)的内径 和所述微颗粒 (9)的直径之间满足以下关系式: ΦΛν-10 μ ηι Ψρί Φ \ν, 其中, Ψρί表 示所述环形喷腔 (13)的内径, 表示所述微颗粒 (9)的直径, 所述 Ψρί和 <D w的单位均 为 μ ηι。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的微颗粒捕获装置, 其特征在于: 所述的微射流喷头 (1)包 括有喷头外壳 (11)和喷头芯 (12), 所述喷头外壳 (11)内开设有沿轴向贯穿的通孔, 所述喷 头芯 (12)包括有芯头 (121)和芯体 (122), 所述芯头 (121)与所述喷头外壳 (11)的顶部相抵并 固定连接, 所述芯体 (122)插设于所述通孔内, 所述喷头外壳 (11)的通孔内壁和所述喷头 芯 (12)的芯体 (122)之间形成所述的环形喷腔 (13), 并且, 所述喷头芯 (12)的芯头 (121)上 开设有与所述入射口 (131)相对应的进液孔 (121a)。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的微颗粒捕获装置, 其特征在于: 所述喷头芯 (12)沿中心轴 线的截面呈 T形, 所述进液孔 (121a)为沿所述喷头芯 (12)的芯头 (121)周向间隔开设的多 个通孔。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的微颗粒捕获装置, 其特征在于: 所述液压装置 (3)包括有 柱塞泵 (31)、驱动所述柱塞泵 (31)工作的电机 (32)和能实现所述喷射液体吸入和排出的增 压器 (33), 其中, 所述增压器 (33)和柱塞泵 (31)之间通过液压油路 (35)连通, 在该液压油 路 (35)上安装有方向控制阀 (34)。
6、一种应用有如权利要求 1〜5中任一权利要求所述的微颗粒捕获装置的微颗粒输 运设备, 其特征在于: 包括有
底座 (4);
工作台, 设置于所述底座 (4)上并能沿该底座 (4)的长度和宽度方向分别做直线移动; 盛放有微颗粒 (9)的容器 (6), 固定设置于所述工作台上, 所述容器 (6)设置在所述微 射流喷头 (1)的下方;
支座 (7), 垂直于所述底座 (4)设置, 所述支座 (7)上安装有能沿竖直方向做直线移动 且外伸的支架 (8), 所述支架 (8)的外伸端和设置于所述微射流喷头 (1)上的稳压器 (2)固定 相连。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的微颗粒输运设备, 其特征在于: 所述工作台包括有第一 基座 (51)和第二基座 (52), 还包括有第一电机和第二电机, 所述底座 (4)上设置有沿长度 方向布置的第一导轨 (511), 所述第一基座 (51)在所述第一电机的驱动下能沿所述第一导 轨 (511)做直线移动, 所述第一基座 (51)上设置有沿所述底座 (4)的宽度方向布置的第二导 轨 (521), 所述第二基座 (52)在所述第二电机的驱动下能沿所述第二导轨 (521)做直线移 动。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的微颗粒输运设备, 其特征在于: 所述第一导轨 (511)的侧 面设置有跟踪并反馈所述第一基座 (51)移动位置的第一光栅尺 (512),所述第二导轨 (521) 的侧面设置有跟踪并反馈所述第二基座 (52)移动位置的第二光栅尺 (522)。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的微颗粒输运设备, 其特征在于: 所述底座 (4)上还设置有 限制所述第一基座 (51)移动行程的第一防撞装置 (513), 所述第一基座 (51)上设置有限制 所述第二基座 (52)移动行程的第二防撞装置 (523)。
10、根据权利要求 7所述的微颗粒输运设备, 其特征在于: 所述第一电机和第二电 机为直线电机。
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