WO2012001957A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012001957A1 WO2012001957A1 PCT/JP2011/003690 JP2011003690W WO2012001957A1 WO 2012001957 A1 WO2012001957 A1 WO 2012001957A1 JP 2011003690 W JP2011003690 W JP 2011003690W WO 2012001957 A1 WO2012001957 A1 WO 2012001957A1
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- mass
- steel sheet
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- forsterite
- annealing
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1288—Application of a tension-inducing coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet used for a core material such as a transformer and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is mainly used as an iron core of a transformer and is required to have excellent magnetization characteristics, particularly low iron loss.
- it is important to highly align the secondary recrystallized grains in the steel sheet in the (110) [001] orientation (so-called Goth orientation) and to reduce impurities in the product steel sheet.
- Goth orientation the secondary recrystallized grains in the steel sheet in the (110) [001] orientation
- impurities in the product steel sheet is limited in view of the manufacturing cost. Therefore, a technique for reducing the iron loss by introducing non-uniformity to the surface of the steel sheet by a physical method and subdividing the width of the magnetic domain, that is, a magnetic domain subdivision technique has been developed.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for reducing the iron loss of a steel sheet by irradiating the final product plate with a laser, introducing a linear high dislocation density region into the steel sheet surface layer, and narrowing the magnetic domain width. ing. Magnetic domain fragmentation technology using laser irradiation has been improved thereafter (see Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, and Patent Document 4), and grain oriented electrical steel sheets having good iron loss characteristics have been obtained.
- Patent Document 5 discloses an experimental example in which iron loss is improved by irradiating a laser as a component system that does not use an inhibitor.
- Patent Document 6 discloses an example in which an iron loss is improved by defining an annealing atmosphere at the time of finish annealing by adding a Ti compound to the inhibitor-less material and annealing.
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 have the following problems. That is, Patent Document 5 describes the effect of the compound in the forsterite coating (a coating mainly composed of Mg 2 SiO 4 ) on the laser irradiation, although there is a description relating to improving the iron loss by limiting the amount of Al. No consideration has been given, and sufficient magnetic domain refinement effect by laser has not been obtained. Furthermore, only the control technique described in Patent Document 6 does not provide a sufficient magnetic domain refinement effect by a laser.
- the inventors have investigated various factors affecting the iron loss reduction when performing magnetic domain subdivision by laser irradiation.
- nitrides mainly Al and Ti
- the thermal conductivity of the film changes locally, and the effect of applying thermal strain by laser irradiation is reduced.
- the iron loss reduction effect was not sufficiently obtained.
- the strain introduction amount of each particle is not uniform as expected, and the iron loss reduction effect is not sufficiently obtained.
- the amount of Al and Ti contained in the forsterite film is 4.0% by mass or less, 0.5% It was also found that the iron loss improvement effect is further improved by controlling the compositional variation of each forsterite by controlling to ⁇ 4.0% by mass and making the standard deviation of the forsterite particle size 1.0 times or less of the average particle size. .
- the important points regarding the N content in the forsterite coating are the four items described in the following (1) to (4), and the important points regarding the uniformity of the forsterite particles are described in the following (1) to (5). 5 items.
- the amounts of Al and N in molten steel at the time of steel melting are Al: 0.01% by mass or less and N: 0.005% by mass or less, respectively.
- the amount of Ti compound (excluding nitride) in the annealing separator is 4 parts by mass or less in terms of TiO 2 with respect to 100 parts by mass of MgO.
- an inert gas atmosphere containing no N 2 is used at least in the temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C. in the temperature raising process.
- the atmosphere in which the partial pressure of N 2 is controlled to 25% or less is set in an atmosphere at 1100 ° C. or higher.
- the difference in the maximum temperature reached in the coil is controlled to 20-50 ° C.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and an object thereof is to provide a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that meets the demand for low iron loss together with its advantageous manufacturing method.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1. A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in which the N content in the forsterite film is suppressed to 3.0% by mass or less in a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a magnetic flux density B 8 of 1.91 T or more, which is subdivided by laser irradiation.
- Steel slabs with Al and N contents of Al: 0.01% by mass or less and N: 0.005% by mass or less at the time of steel melting are hot-rolled and then cold-rolled by cold rolling, followed by decarburization annealing.
- an annealing separator containing 0.5 to 4 parts by mass of Ti compound amount (excluding nitrides) in terms of TiO 2 with respect to 100 parts by mass of MgO is applied to the surface of the steel sheet, and then the final
- the annealing atmosphere in the final annealing process is an inert gas atmosphere that does not contain N 2 at least in the temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C during the temperature rising process, and the N 2 partial pressure is 25% or less in the temperature range of 1100 ° C or higher.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is produced by applying a magnetic domain fragmentation treatment by laser irradiation after final finish annealing.
- the effect of reducing iron loss by magnetic domain subdivision using a laser can be improved, and the iron loss of a steel sheet can be further reduced. Therefore, a transformer with good energy consumption efficiency can be obtained by using the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention for an iron core.
- the present invention will be specifically described.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is limited to those having a B 8 (magnetic flux density when magnetized at 800 A / m) used as a guide for secondary grain orientation accumulation of 1.91 T or more.
- the N content in the forsterite film is limited to 3.0% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 2.0 mass% or less. Note that there is no problem even if N is not present in the forsterite film, so there is no particular lower limit.
- the amount of Al contained in the forsterite film is controlled to 4.0% by mass or less and the amount of Ti is controlled to 4.0% by mass or less. Therefore, it is effective to make the composition of the forsterite film as uniform as possible. More preferably, both Ti and Al are 2.0 mass% or less.
- Ti has the effect of strengthening the forsterite film and improving its tension, and the effect is manifested by containing about 0.5% by mass or more, so the lower limit is preferably 0.5% by mass.
- For Al there is no problem even if none is present in the forsterite film, so there is no particular lower limit.
- the main nitrides in the forsterite film are Al and Ti
- controlling the Al content in the forsterite film to 4.0 mass% or less and the Ti content to 4.0 mass% or less Not only is the composition uniform, it is also effective in reducing nitrides.
- the point regarding the manufacturing conditions of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention will be specifically described.
- conventionally known production conditions for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets and magnetic domain refinement methods using a laser may be applied.
- the first point is about the molten steel component.
- the present invention at the time of steel melting, it is necessary to suppress the amounts of Al and N in molten steel to Al: 0.01% by mass or less and N: 0.005% by mass, respectively.
- a composition that can obtain B 8 : 1.91 T or more may be appropriately determined based on the compositions of conventionally known various grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
- a method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in a component system that does not use an inhibitor (so-called, It is advantageous to use an inhibitorless method.
- preferred basic components and optional added components in the inhibitorless method will be described.
- C 0.08 mass% or less C is added to improve the hot-rolled sheet structure, but if it exceeds 0.08 mass%, the burden of reducing C to 50 massppm or less where no magnetic aging occurs during the manufacturing process increases. Therefore, the content is preferably 0.08% by mass or less.
- the lower limit since a secondary recrystallization is possible even for a material not containing C, it is not particularly necessary to provide it.
- Si 2.0-8.0% by mass Si is an element effective for increasing the electrical resistance of steel and improving iron loss, and its content of 2.0% by mass or more is particularly effective for reducing iron loss. On the other hand, when it is 8.0% by mass or less, particularly excellent workability and magnetic flux density can be obtained. Accordingly, the Si content is preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0% by mass.
- Mn 0.005 to 1.0 mass%
- Mn is an element advantageous for improving the hot workability, but if the content is less than 0.005% by mass, the effect of addition is poor. On the other hand, if it is 1.0 mass% or less, the magnetic flux density of a product board will become especially favorable. Therefore, the Mn content is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 1.0% by mass.
- Ni 0.03-1.50 mass%
- Sn 0.01-1.50 mass%
- Sb 0.005-1.50 mass%
- Cu 0.03-3.0 mass%
- P 0.03-0.50 mass%
- Mo 0.005-0.10 mass%
- Cr At least one Ni selected from 0.03 to 1.50 mass% is an element useful for further improving the hot rolled sheet structure and further improving the magnetic properties.
- the content is less than 0.03% by mass, the effect of improving magnetic properties is small.
- the content is 1.5% by mass or less, the stability of secondary recrystallization increases, and the magnetic properties are improved. Therefore, the Ni content is preferably in the range of 0.03 to 1.5% by mass.
- Sn, Sb, Cu, P, Mo, and Cr are elements that are useful for further improving the magnetic properties, but if any of them is less than the lower limit of each component, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small.
- the amount is not more than the upper limit amount of each component described above, the secondary recrystallized grains develop best. For this reason, it is preferable to make it contain in said range, respectively.
- the balance other than the above components is inevitable impurities and Fe mixed in the manufacturing process.
- a slab may be produced from the molten steel having the above-described component composition by a normal ingot-making method or a continuous casting method, or a thin slab having a thickness of 100 mm or less (this is also regarded as a kind of slab) directly.
- You may manufacture by a continuous casting method.
- the slab thus produced is heated and subjected to hot rolling according to a conventional method, but may be hot rolled immediately after casting without being heated. In the case of a thin slab, hot rolling may be performed, or the hot rolling may be omitted and the process may proceed as it is.
- hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed as necessary.
- the main purpose of hot-rolled sheet annealing is to eliminate the band structure generated by hot rolling and to make the primary recrystallized structure sized, thereby further developing the goth structure and improving the magnetic properties in the secondary recrystallization annealing. That is.
- the hot rolled sheet annealing temperature is preferably in the range of 800 to 1100 ° C. If the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature is less than 800 ° C, the band structure in hot rolling remains, making it difficult to achieve a sized primary recrystallized structure and improving the desired secondary recrystallization. Absent. On the other hand, if the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature exceeds 1100 ° C., the grain size after the hot-rolled sheet annealing becomes too coarse, and it becomes difficult to realize a sized primary recrystallized structure.
- recrystallization annealing is performed, and an annealing separator is applied.
- the second point is that the amount of Ti compound in the annealing separator applied after decarburization annealing is 4 parts by mass or less in terms of TiO 2 with respect to 100 parts by mass of MgO.
- the Ti compound is preferably added from the viewpoint of increasing the tension of the forsterite film and improving the magnetic properties, and the iron loss is improved by increasing the tension of the forsterite film.
- the addition amount is large, a part of Ti is combined with N to form Ti nitride, and the composition of forsterite particles becomes non-uniform, so the amount of Ti compound in the annealing separator is in terms of TiO 2 It is limited to 4 parts by mass or less. More preferably, it is 3 parts by mass or less.
- it is less than 0.5 parts by mass, the effect of improving the forsterite film and magnetic properties is lost, so the lower limit is limited to 0.5 parts by mass.
- the Ti compound does not contain a nitride, and TiO 2 which is an oxide can be cited as a preferred form, but other compounds are not problematic.
- the annealing separator is mainly composed of MgO.
- the main component is a known annealing separator component other than MgO as long as it does not hinder the formation of forsterite coating (and can satisfy the requirements and / or suitable conditions of the forsterite coating composition described above). Or a characteristic improving component may be contained.
- the third point is that, after applying the annealing separator, in the temperature raising process of the final finish annealing step, at least a temperature region of 750 to 850 ° C. is an inert gas atmosphere not containing N 2 .
- the reason for this is to denitrify and remove N 2 present in the steel plate before forming forsterite. By removing this N 2 , not only the main components of Al and Ti-based nitrides but also the formation of nitrides caused by unavoidable impurities such as V, Nb and B are suppressed.
- the fourth point is to set the atmosphere when the final finish annealing is performed for the purpose of secondary recrystallization and forsterite film formation. That is, the atmosphere at 1100 ° C. or higher is an atmosphere in which the partial pressure of N 2 is 25% or less, and preferably a reducing atmosphere in which H 2 is 100%.
- the atmosphere at 1100 ° C. or higher is an atmosphere in which the partial pressure of N 2 is 25% or less, and preferably a reducing atmosphere in which H 2 is 100%.
- N that penetrates into the steel sheet due to the nitriding reaction causes not only Al and Ti-based nitrides as main components but also nitrides such as V, Nb, and B as inevitable impurities. Furthermore, by suppressing the nitriding reaction in this temperature range, the movement of Al to the steel sheet surface layer is promoted, and a large amount of Al is taken into the unreacted annealing separator to reduce the amount of Al in the forsterite coating. Also contribute. Therefore, the ratio of N 2 in the annealing atmosphere at 1100 ° C. or higher is limited to 25% or less. More preferably, it is a reducing atmosphere in which H 2 is 100%.
- the difference in the highest temperature reached in the coil in the final finish annealing is 20 to 50 ° C.
- the reason for this is to improve the forged particle size of the forsterite particles.
- the temperature is higher than 50 ° C, the growth of forsterite particles is promoted at high temperatures, and particles with different properties as well as particle diameters are generated at low temperatures. To do.
- the smaller the temperature difference the more likely it is to be advantageous for the uniformity of the forsterite particles, but in order to reduce the temperature difference, measures such as slowing the heating rate are required. The time will be very long.
- the lower limit of the temperature difference is set to 20 ° C.
- the method for controlling the difference in the reached temperatures is not particularly limited, but it is easiest to gradually increase the temperature increase rate.
- This insulating coating is desirably a coating capable of imparting tension to the steel sheet in order to reduce iron loss.
- the coating capable of imparting tension include inorganic coating containing silica, ceramic coating by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and the like.
- the magnetic domains are subdivided by irradiating the surface of the steel sheet with laser at any point after the final finish annealing.
- the N content in the forsterite film is 3.0% by mass or less, preferably
- Al and Ti in the forsterite film are 4.0% by mass or less, 0.5 to 0.5%, respectively. 4.0% by mass
- (3) By setting the standard deviation of forsterite particle diameter to 1.0 times or less of the average particle, thermal strain due to laser irradiation is uniformly introduced into the surface layer of the steel sheet, and sufficient magnetic domains The subdivision effect is expressed.
- the laser light source used in the present invention may be either a continuous wave laser or a pulsed laser, and any type such as a YAG laser or a CO 2 laser may be used.
- the irradiation marks may be linear or point-like, but the direction of these irradiation marks is preferably a direction that forms 90 ° to 45 ° with respect to the rolling direction of the steel sheet.
- the green laser marker that has recently been used is particularly suitable in terms of irradiation accuracy.
- the laser output of the green laser marker used in the present invention is preferably in the range of about 5 to 100 J / m as the amount of heat per unit length.
- the spot diameter of the laser beam is preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm, and the repetition interval in the rolling direction is preferably in the range of about 1 to 20 mm.
- the depth of plastic strain applied to the steel sheet is preferably about 10 to 40 ⁇ m. When the plastic strain depth is 10 ⁇ m or more, magnetic domain fragmentation is more effectively exhibited. On the other hand, when the plastic strain depth is 40 ⁇ m or less, the magnetostriction characteristics can be particularly improved.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO was applied.
- TiO 2 was added at various ratios in the annealing separator. That is, TiO 2 was changed in the range of 0 to 6 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of MgO.
- final finish annealing for the purpose of secondary recrystallization and purification was performed at 1230 ° C. for 5 hours.
- thermocouples were attached to both ends in the width direction and the center of the coil outer winding, middle winding, and inner winding, the temperature at each location was measured, and the maximum temperature difference was used. In this experiment, the temperature difference in the coil was changed from 10 to 100 ° C by changing the heating rate. Then, an insulating coat made of 50% colloidal silica and magnesium phosphate was applied. Finally, a magnetic domain fragmentation treatment was performed by irradiating a pulse laser linearly with an irradiation width of 150 ⁇ m and an irradiation interval of 7.5 mm in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- Table 2 also shows the analysis results such as manufacturing conditions, magnetic characteristics, and N content in the coating.
- the amounts of N, Al and Ti in the coating were determined by collecting only the forsterite coating from the product and performing wet analysis.
- the average particle size and standard deviation of forsterite particles are determined by removing the insulating coating with an alkaline solution, observing the steel sheet surface with an SEM, and measuring the forsterite particle size in the 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm region using image analysis software. It was derived by determining the equivalent circle diameter of the particles.
- the magnetic properties were measured and evaluated according to JIS C2550.
- the N content in the forsterite film will be 3.0 mass even if the atmosphere of the final finish annealing is optimized. %, And even if B 8 is 1.91 T or more, the iron loss cannot be sufficiently reduced. Steel with a composition that is not suitable in the category of the inhibitorless method (No. 28: containing excessive Se) has B 8 of less than 1.91 T (ie, insufficient Goth orientation accumulation), and the iron loss reduction is still insufficient.
- the temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C in the temperature rising process is an atmosphere containing N 2 (No. 6, 7, 13, 15, 22) and an atmosphere containing active gas (No. 11, 21) and when the temperature range of 1100 ° C or higher in the temperature rising process is an atmosphere (No. 17 to 19) with a partial pressure of N 2 exceeding 25%, the amount of N in the forsterite film Is over 3.0% by mass, and even when B 8 is 1.91 T or more, the iron loss cannot be sufficiently reduced. That is, it can be seen that the iron loss is remarkably improved by setting the N content in the forsterite coating to 3.0% by mass or less.
- the iron loss improvement becomes more remarkable when the ratio is 1.0 times or less (preferably 0.75 times or less or 0.5 times or less).
- the standard deviation of the forsterite particle size can be reduced by controlling the maximum temperature reached in the coil in the final finish annealing (for example, within a range of 20 to 50 ° C.).
- the iron loss is higher when the Ti content in the forsterite coating is 0.5% by mass or more than when it is less than 0.5% by mass. It is improved significantly more.
- forsterite Ti content 0.5% by mass or more in the coating the terms of TiO 2 Ti content in the annealing separator MgO: to 100 fold both parts can be achieved by a 0.5 parts by mass or more.
- the effect of reducing iron loss by magnetic domain subdivision using a laser can be improved, and the iron loss of a steel sheet can be further reduced. Therefore, a transformer with good energy consumption efficiency can be obtained by using the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention for an iron core.
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Abstract
Description
そのためには、鋼板中の二次再結晶粒を、(110)[001]方位(いわゆる、ゴス方位)に高度に揃えることや、製品鋼板中の不純物を低減することが重要である。しかしながら、結晶方位を制御することや、不純物を低減することは、製造コストとの兼ね合い等で限界がある。そこで、鋼板の表面に対して物理的な手法で不均一性を導入し、磁区の幅を細分化して鉄損を低減する技術、すなわち磁区細分化技術が開発されている。
上述したように、種々の技術的改善がなされてはいるものの、近年の省エネルギーや環境保護に対する意識の高まりから、方向性電磁鋼板に対して、更なる鉄損特性の改善が要求されている。
また、発明者らが本発明を成すに至った調査の過程において明らかになったことであるが、特許文献5および6にも以下に述べる課題があった。
すなわち、特許文献5には、Al量を制限して鉄損を改善することに関する記載はあるものの、フォルステライト被膜(Mg2SiO4を主体とする被膜)中の化合物がレーザー照射に及ぼす影響に関しては何ら考慮が払われてなく、またレーザーによる十分な磁区細分化効果も得られていない。さらに、特許文献6に記載の制御技術のみでは、レーザーによる十分な磁区細分化効果が得られていない。
すなわち、窒化物(主にTi、Al系)がある一定量以上、フォルステライト被膜中に存在した場合に、被膜の熱伝導率が局部的に変化して、レーザー照射による熱歪付与の効果が不均一となり、その結果、鉄損低減効果が十分に得られていないことが判明した。また、フォルステライト粒子径が均一でない場合、各粒子の歪導入量が所期した程度に均一にならず、鉄損低減効果が十分に得られていないことが判明した。
(1) 鋼溶製時の溶鋼中のAl、N量をそれぞれAl:0.01質量%以下、N:0.005質量%以下とする。
(2) 焼鈍分離剤中のTi化合物(窒化物を除く)量を、MgOの100質量部に対して、TiO2換算で、4質量部以下とする。
(3) 最終仕上げ焼鈍工程において、少なくとも昇温過程の750~850℃の温度領域ではN2を含まない不活性ガス雰囲気とする。
(4) 最終仕上げ焼鈍時に、1100℃以上での雰囲気中、N2の分圧を25%以下に制御した雰囲気とする。
(5) 最終仕上げ焼鈍において、コイル内の最高到達温度の差を20~50℃に制御する。
1.レーザー照射により磁区細分化された、磁束密度B8が1.91T以上の方向性電磁鋼板において、フォルステライト被膜中のN含有量を3.0質量%以下に抑制した方向性電磁鋼板。
前述したように、近年要求されている低鉄損レベルを達成するためには、鋼板の二次粒をゴス方位に高度に集積させた高磁束密度材を用いる必要がある。そのため、本発明の方向性電磁鋼板としては、二次粒方位集積の目安として用いられるB8(800A/mで磁化した場合の磁束密度)が1.91T以上のものに限定する。
さらに、フォルステライト粒子の粒径分布は、その標準偏差を平均粒子径の1.0倍以下として、より均一にすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.75倍以下、さらに好ましくは0.5倍以下である。
まず、第1のポイントは、溶鋼成分についてである。
本発明において、鋼溶製時には、溶鋼中のAl、N量を、それぞれAl:0.01質量%以下、N:0.005質量%以下に抑制することが必要である。というのは、Al量は、多すぎると純化工程でのNの鋼板(地鉄-被膜系)外への放出(脱窒)を阻害し、フォルステライト被膜中に窒化物が多く存在する原因になる。また、純化工程で、多くのAlを鋼板外へ放出するのは困難なため、フォルステライトの粒子の組成がより不均一になる。従って、Alは0.01質量%以下に限定する。一方、Nについては以後の工程で除去することが可能であるが、やはり多すぎると、その除去に時間とコストがかかるため、Nは0.005質量%以下に限定する。
なお、Tiは焼鈍分離剤へのある程度の含有を許容することを前提としているので、溶鋼中のTi量については通常の不純物レベル(0.005質量%以下)であれば問題ない。
ただし、上記したように、Al、Nを低減しつつ、B8で1.91T以上という高い磁束密度を得るためには、インヒビターを用いない成分系での方向性電磁鋼板を製造する方法(いわゆる、インヒビターレス法)を利用することが有利である。この場合、上記した溶鋼成分に、さらに以下の元素を含有させることが好ましい。
以下、インヒビターレス法において好ましいその基本成分および任意添加成分について述べる。
Cは、熱延板組織の改善のために添加をするが、0.08質量%を超えると製造工程中に磁気時効の起こらない50質量ppm以下までCを低減する負担が増大するため、0.08質量%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、下限に関しては、Cを含まない素材でも二次再結晶が可能であるので特に設ける必要はない。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高め、鉄損を改善するのに有効な元素であり、含有量が2.0質量%以上でとくに鉄損低減効果が良好である。一方、8.0質量%以下の場合、とくに優れた加工性や磁束密度を得ることができる。従って、Si量は2.0~8.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Mnは、熱間加工性を良好にする上で有利な元素であるが、含有量が0.005質量%未満ではその添加効果に乏しい。一方1.0質量%以下とすると製品板の磁束密度がとくに良好となる。このため、Mn量は0.005~1.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Ni:0.03~1.50質量%、Sn:0.01~1.50質量%、Sb:0.005~1.50質量%、Cu:0.03~3.0質量%、P:0.03~0.50質量%、Mo:0.005~0.10質量%およびCr:0.03~1.50質量%のうちから選んだ少なくとも1種
Niは、熱延板組織をさらに改善して、磁気特性を一層向上させるために有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.03質量%未満では磁気特性の向上効果が小さい。一方1.5質量%以下ではとくに二次再結晶の安定性が増し、磁気特性が改善される。そのため、Ni量は0.03~1.5質量%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
なお、上記成分以外の残部は、製造工程において混入する不可避的不純物およびFeである。
なお、焼鈍分離剤はMgOを主成分とする。ここで主成分であるとは、フォルステライト被膜の形成を阻害しない範囲で(そして上記のフォルステライト被膜組成の要件および/または好適条件を満足できる範囲で)、MgO以外の公知の焼鈍分離剤成分や特性改善成分を含有してもよいことを意味する。
次に、750~850℃の温度領域における、具体的な温度および雰囲気ガスの条件は次のとおりである。
(1) 750℃に満たない場合、温度が低いため脱窒反応が起こりにくくなる。
(2) 850℃を超える場合、フォルステライト被膜形成が始まってしまうため、脱窒反応が起こりにくくなる。
(3) 雰囲気にH2を導入すると、フォルステライト被膜が形成されやすくなり、750~850℃でも被膜の形成が起こるため、脱窒反応が起こりにくくなるので、H2は導入しない。また、N2が含有されていると窒化反応が起こってしまうので、本発明において、最終仕上げ焼鈍工程の昇温過程で、少なくとも750~850℃の温度領域では、工程中の雰囲気をN2を含まない不活性ガスに限定する。
なお、本発明における不活性ガスとは、N2を含まない従来公知の不活性ガスであれば特に制限はなく、ArやHe 等が挙げられる。言うまでも無く、H2ガスや、H2ガスを発生するガスは活性ガスである。
すなわち、1100℃以上での雰囲気を、N2の分圧が25%以下の雰囲気とし、好適には、H2が100%の還元雰囲気とすることである。最終仕上げ焼鈍において、フォルステライト被膜がすでに形成されている場合、鋼板の窒化は起こりにくいが、それでも1100℃以上の高温になると、鋼板の窒化反応が起こる。すなわち、窒化反応により鋼板に侵入したNは、主成分であるAlやTi系の窒化物だけでなく、不可避的不純物であるV、Nb、Bなどの窒化物の形成原因となってしまう。さらに、この温度域での窒化反応を抑制すると、Alの鋼板表層への移動が促進され、多くのAlが未反応の焼鈍分離剤中に取り込まれて、フォルステライト被膜中のAl量の低減にも寄与する。従って、1100℃以上における焼鈍雰囲気中のN2の比率を25%以下に限定する。より好ましくは、H2が100%の還元雰囲気である。
一方、温度差は小さいほどフォルステライト粒子の均一性に対して有利と考えられがちであるが、温度差を小さくするには昇温速度を遅くするなどの対応が必要となるため、結果として焼鈍時間が非常に長くなってしまう。従って、温度差が小さくなり過ぎても焼鈍時間の影響で却ってフォルステライト粒子の成長度合いが変化してしまうことから、温度差の下限は20℃とした。到達温度の差を制御する方法は特に限定しないが、昇温速度を徐熱化することが最も容易である。
なお、最近使用されるようになってきたグリーンレーザーマーカーは、照射精度の面で特に好適である。
なお、鋼板に付与される塑性歪の深さは、10~40μm程度とするのが好適である。塑性歪深さを10μm以上とすると磁区細分化がより効果的に発揮される。一方、塑性歪深さを40μm以下とすると、磁歪特性をとくに改善することができる。
この最終仕上げ焼鈍では、昇温過程750~850℃の雰囲気および1100℃以上の雰囲気は、表2に示した条件で行い、それ以外の過程では、N2:H2=50:50の混合雰囲気で実施した。コイル内の到達温度差は、コイル外巻き・中巻き・内巻き部の幅方向両端および中央部に熱電対を取り付けて、各場所の温度を測定し、その最大温度差を用いた。本実験では、コイル内の到達温度差を昇温速度を変化させることで10~100℃まで変化させた。そして、50%のコロイダルシリカとリン酸マグネシウムからなる絶縁コートを塗布した。最後に、圧延方向と直角方向に照射幅:150μm、照射間隔:7.5mmでパルスレーザーを線状に照射する磁区細分化処理を施して製品とした。
なお、被膜中のN、AlおよびTi量は、製品よりフォルステライト被膜のみを採取して湿式分析することで求めた。フォルステライト粒子の平均粒子径およびその標準偏差は、絶縁コーティングをアルカリ溶液で除去した後、鋼板表面をSEM観察し、0.5mm×0.5mm領域の各フォルステライト粒径を画像解析ソフトによって、フォルステライト粒子の円相当径を求めることで導出した。磁気特性はJIS C2550に従い、測定して評価した。
また、以下のことが併せて確認された。
インヒビターレス法の範疇において好適でない組成(No.28:Seを過剰に含有)の鋼ではB8が1.91T未満(すなわちゴス方位集積が不十分)となり、やはり鉄損低減が不十分となる。
なお、鉄損差ΔW17/50=0.05W/kgは、方向性電磁鋼板のグレードが1つ上がることに相当する鉄損差である。
Claims (5)
- レーザー照射により磁区細分化された、磁束密度B8が1.91T以上の方向性電磁鋼板において、フォルステライト被膜中のN含有量を3.0質量%以下に抑制した方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記フォルステライト被膜中のAl量を4.0質量%以下、Ti量を0.5~4.0質量%に抑制した請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記フォルステライト被膜におけるフォルステライト粒子径の標準偏差が、フォルステライトの平均粒子径の1.0倍以下である請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 鋼溶製時のAl、N量をそれぞれAl:0.01質量%以下、N:0.005質量%以下とした鋼スラブを、熱間圧延し、ついで冷間圧延により冷延板とした後、脱炭焼鈍を施し、ついで鋼板表面に、MgO:100質量部に対してTi化合物量(但し、窒化物を除く)を、TiO2換算で0.5~4質量部含有する焼鈍分離剤を塗布し、その後の最終仕上げ焼鈍工程における焼鈍雰囲気につき、少なくとも昇温過程の750~850℃の温度領域ではN2を含まない不活性ガス雰囲気とし、かつ1100℃以上の温度領域ではN2の分圧を25%以下としたガス雰囲気とし、さらに最終仕上げ焼鈍後にレーザー照射による磁区細分化処理を施す方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 最終仕上げ焼鈍において、コイル内の最高到達温度の差を20~50℃に制御する請求項4に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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