WO2012000292A1 - 动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法 - Google Patents

动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012000292A1
WO2012000292A1 PCT/CN2010/079945 CN2010079945W WO2012000292A1 WO 2012000292 A1 WO2012000292 A1 WO 2012000292A1 CN 2010079945 W CN2010079945 W CN 2010079945W WO 2012000292 A1 WO2012000292 A1 WO 2012000292A1
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equalization
battery
charging
battery pack
voltage
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PCT/CN2010/079945
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘飞
阮旭松
盛大双
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惠州市亿能电子有限公司
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Publication of WO2012000292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012000292A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power battery pack charging, and in particular to an equalization control strategy for a battery pack.
  • Battery pack consistency is one of the cores of battery-connected group application technology, which directly affects the safety and efficiency of battery pack use.
  • practice has proved that battery consistency is relative, but inconsistency is absolute. The main reasons for the inconsistency of the battery pack are as follows:
  • the battery cannot be guaranteed to have the same parameters when the battery is shipped from the factory due to the manufacturing and chemical conversion process.
  • the inconsistency of the initial S0C of the battery will cause inconsistency of the battery pack in the initial stage of the battery pack;
  • the battery cells are in different positions when used, and there is a certain difference in operating temperature.
  • the temperature of the battery cells in the ventilation room is lower, while the temperature of the battery cells in other places is relatively higher.
  • the difference in temperature causes the self-discharge rate of the battery to be inconsistent. Long-term accumulation of differences can cause imbalance of the battery S0C;
  • the battery pack may be in the charging phase, and a certain battery may be overcharged earlier than other batteries. In the discharging phase, a certain battery may be over-discharged earlier than other batteries.
  • the inconsistency of the battery cells in the battery pack has a great influence on the efficiency and safety of the battery pack. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an effective equalization control method to make the battery pack have good consistency. Improve the efficiency and safety of battery packs.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method of controlling the balance of a power battery pack, particularly a battery pack.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: charging and discharging balance control of the power battery pack Method, the steps are:
  • the step (2) further comprises the step of calculating an equalization time required for each equalization object according to the estimated difference in battery capacity and recording, and then recording the time recorded in step (2) according to step (2).
  • the battery cells perform equalization.
  • discharge resistors are respectively connected in parallel at each end of each battery cell in the battery pack, and each resistor is connected in series with a M0S tube, and the MOSFET is controlled to be turned on or off by the controller to control the on/off of the discharge circuit.
  • the positive poles of each battery cell are respectively connected to the positive pole of the charging power source through a controllable switch, and the negative poles of each battery cell are respectively connected to the negative pole of the charging power source through a controllable switch, and the controllable switches are controlled by the controller.
  • the equalization control method of the present invention is applicable to various battery packs, in particular, a battery pack having a large capacity.
  • the control method combines the advantages of charge equalization and discharge equalization, and the two cooperate with each other to greatly shorten the equalization time and improve the equalization efficiency. At the same time, effectively reduce the energy consumption of the equalization circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging and discharging equalization circuit of the equalization control method.
  • the steps of the charging and discharging equalization control method of the power battery pack of the present invention are as follows:
  • the battery management system can adopt a typical master-slave control mode.
  • the "equalization judgment" command and the “equalization execution” command are sent by the main board; the external voltage sampling is performed by the slave board, the board command is commanded, and the discharge equalization and charge equalization operation of any one of the battery cells is completed.
  • the charging and discharging equalization circuit is as shown in FIG. Discharge resistors are connected in parallel at each end of each battery cell (cel l l-cel ln) in the battery pack, and each resistor is connected in series with a M0S tube (Tl-Tn), and all M0S tubes are controlled to be turned on or off by the slave controller. In turn, the on/off of the discharge circuit of each battery cell is controlled.
  • the charging equalization circuit uses the parallel power supply to charge, and the M0S tube (Tl-Tn) controls the switching of the charging circuit.
  • the charging circuit only allows one battery cell to be charged at the same time, and for the discharge equalization circuit, multiple batteries can be discharged at the same time, and the control is free.
  • the method of the present invention discharges the first filled battery cell by equalizing the resistance, and charges the last filled battery cell, thereby finally achieving the purpose of quickly and uniformly matching all the battery cells in the battery pack.
  • the battery pack does not need to be equalized only when all the battery cells reach the full interval at the end of charging, and as long as one battery does not enter the full section, the other batteries need to be equalized.
  • the equalization flag and equalization time are cleared in the battery management system, and the next equalization judgment process is resumed.
  • the resistance of the discharge resistor can be appropriately adjusted according to the volume and heat dissipation capacity of the management system to meet the needs of different battery capacities.
  • the discharge resistance selected for each discharge equalization loop should not be less than loo ohms.
  • the resistance determines the magnitude of the equalization current, and the equalization current: ⁇ , ⁇ is the external voltage of the single cell, and is the equalization discharge resistance.
  • the method of the invention adopts a combination of charge and discharge equalization, which can greatly save the balance time of the battery and reduce the energy consumption of the equalization circuit, especially when the consistency of the battery pack is poor, the charge and discharge combined balance can be more obviously exerted.
  • This method is applicable to various types of battery packs, and it is more effective and more efficient for a battery pack with a larger capacity and a poor consistency.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Description

动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及动力电池组充电领域, 具体涉及一种针对蓄电池组的均衡控制 策略。
背景技术
为了达到一定的电压、 功率和能量等级, 电池需要串联成组使用, 如电动 自行车、 储能系统、 直流系统等。 电池组一致性是电池串联成组应用技术的核 心之一, 直接影响到电池组使用的安全性和高效性。 但实践证明, 电池组一致 性是相对的, 不一致却是是绝对的。 造成电池组不一致的原因主要有以下几点:
( 1 ) 电池在出厂前由于制造和化成筛选工艺的原因, 不能保证电池单体出厂时 各项参数一致, 特别是电池初始 S0C 的不一致会在电池组初始阶段就造成电池 组的不一致; (2 ) 电池单体在使用时位置不同, 工作温度存在一定的差异, 通 风处电池单体温度低一些, 而其它地方的电池单体温度会相对高一些, 温度的 差异导致电池的自放电率不一致, 长时间的差异累积会引起电池 S0C的不均衡;
(3 )库仑效率的不一致,串联电池组在充电和放电过程中单体流过的电流相等, 但是由于每个单体所处环境的不一致导致其库仑效率的不一致, 在这种情况下, 电池不同单体实际充电容量和放电容量就会引起差异。
由于单体电池的不一致性, 导致电池组在充电阶段, 可能出现某节电池比 其它电池提前过充现象, 而在放电阶段, 则出现某节电池比其它电池提前过放 的现象。 电池组内电池单体的不一致性, 对电池组的效率和使用的安全性有很 大的影响, 因此有必要提供一种行之有效的均衡控制方法, 以使电池组具有良 好的一致性, 提高电池组的使用效率和安全性。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的问题是提供一种动力电池组特别是蓄电池组的均衡的控 制方法。
为解决上述问题, 本发明所采取的技术方案为: 动力电池组充放电均衡控 制方法, 其步骤为:
( 1 )对电池组进行充电, 当某一电池单体达到设定的充满条件时, 结束充 电, 进行均衡判断;
( 2 )采集各个电池单体电压, 若有电池单体电压处于 "充满区间"之外, 则计算电池组当前的平均电压, 分别记录电压高于平均电压的电池单体和低于 平均电压的电池单体作为均衡对象;
( 3 )再次对电池组充电时, 对记录的电压高于平均电压的电池单体采用放 电均衡方式执行均衡, 低于平均电压的电池单体采用充电均衡方式执行均衡。
优选的, 所述歩骤(2 ) 中还包括根据估算的电池容量差异计算每个均衡对 象所需的均衡时间并记录的步骤, 则步骤 (3 ) 中按照步骤 (2 ) 记录的时间对 每个电池单体执行均衡。
所述放电均衡方式, 即在电池组中各电池单体两端分别并联放电电阻, 每 个电阻串联一 M0S管,所述 M0S管受控制器控制导通或截止进而控制放电回路的 通断。 所述充电均衡方式, 即将各电池单体正极分别通过一可控开关接充电电 源正极, 将各电池单体负极也分别通过一可控开关接充电电源负极, 可控开关 均受控制器控制实现单体电池充电。
本发明所述均衡控制方法适用于各种电池组, 特别是容量较大的蓄电池组, 该控制方法结合了充电均衡与放电均衡的优势, 二者互相配合, 大大缩短均衡 时间, 提高了均衡效率, 同时有效降低均衡电路的能量消耗。 附图说明
图 1 为所述均衡控制方法充电和放电均衡电路示意图 。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域的技术人员理解, 下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一 歩的详细说明。
本发明所述动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法的步骤为:
( 1 )对电池组进行充电, 当某一电池单体达到设定的充满条件时, 结束充 电, 进行均衡判断;
( 2 )采集各个电池单体电压, 若有电池单体电压处于 "充满区间"之外, 则计算电池组当前的平均电压, 分别记录电压高于平均电压的电池单体和低于 平均电压的电池单体作为均衡对象, 并估算电池容量差异, 计算每个均衡对象 所需的均衡时间并记录;
( 3 )再次对电池组充电时, 对记录的电压高于平均电压的电池单体采用放 电均衡方式执行均衡, 低于平均电压的电池单体采用充电均衡方式执行均衡; 执行均衡时, 实时将均衡时间与计算所得均衡时间进行比较, 时间到则断开均 衡回路。
具体实施时, 电池管理系统可采用典型的主从控制模式。 由主板发送 "均 衡判断"命令和 "均衡执行"命令; 由从板完成电池外电压采样, 响应主板命 令并控制完成任意一只电池单体的放电均衡和充电均衡操作。
所述充电、放电均衡电路如图 1所示。在电池组中各电池单体(cel l l-cel ln) 两端分别并联放电电阻, 每个电阻串联一 M0S管 (Tl-Tn),所有 M0S管均受从机 控制器控制导通或截止进而控制各个电池单体放电回路的通断。
充电均衡电路釆用并联电源充电的方式, 由 M0S管 (Tl-Tn)来控制充电回路 的切入与断开。 充电回路同一时间只允许给一个电池单体充电, 而对于放电均 衡电路则可实现多个电池在同一时刻放电, 控制自由。
本发明所述方法通过均衡电阻对先充满的电池单体进行放电, 对最后充满 的电池单体进行充电, 最终达到使电池组内所有电池单体快速一致的目的。
本发明方案中, 仅且仅当全部电池单体在充电结束瞬间达到充满区间时, 电池组不需要均衡, 只要有一个电池没有进入充满区间, 则需要对其它电池进 行均衡操作。
一个充电周期结束时, 电池管理系统中均衡标记和均衡时间清零, 重新进 行下一次均衡判断过程。
放电电阻的阻值一般根据管理系统的体积和散热能力可以适当调整, 以适 应不同电池容量的需要。 对于蓄电池组, 每个放电均衡回路选取的放电电阻不 应小于 loo欧姆。 该电阻决定了均衡电流的大小, 均衡电流: υ , υ 为单体电池外电压, 为均衡放电电阻。
本发明中, 估算电池容量差异是通过测量充电结束时电池单体的外电压, 并与电池的 S0C-0CV (电池的开路电压 ^ ^'随电池剩余电量 S( :fp,,变化特性曲线) 曲线进行对比, 进而估算出电池单体之间的容量差异的, 再通过容量差异与均 衡电流 ^, 就可以计算得到每个需要均衡的电池单体的均衡时间。 均衡时间的计算公式为: t = OC.CIIb , 其中, SOCcM=fD ASOC^l-SOCcell, C为电池单体的额定容量。
本发明所述方法采用了充放电均衡相结合的方案, 可以大大节省电池的均 衡时间和减少均衡电路的能量消耗, 特别是当电池组的一致性较差时, 可以更 明显发挥充放电结合均衡的优势。 该方法适用于各种类型的电池组, 对于容量 较大的, 一致性较差的蓄电池组效果更好, 效率更高。
需要说明的是, 上述仅为本发明的优选实施方式, 在未脱离本发明构思前提下 对其所做的任何微小变化及等同替换, 均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法, 其步骤为:
( 1 )对电池组进行充电, 当某一电池单体达到设定的充满条件时, 结束充 电, 进行均衡判断;
( 2 ) 采集各个电池单体电压, 若有电池单体电压处于 "充满区间"之外, 则计算电池组当前的平均电压, 分别记录电压高于平均电压的电池单体和低于 平均电压的电池单体作为均衡对象;
( 3 )再次对电池组充电时, 对记录的电压高于平均电压的电池单体采用放 电均衡方式执行均衡, 低于平均电压的电池单体采用充电均衡方式执行均衡。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 (2 ) 中还包括根据估算的电池容量差异计算每个均衡对象所需的均衡 时间并记录的步骤, 则步骤 (3 ) 中按照步骤 (2 ) 记录的时间对每个电池单体 执行均衡。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法, 其特征在于: 所述放电均衡方式, 即在电池组中各电池单体两端分别并联放电电阻, 每个电 阻串联一 M0S 管,所述 M0S 管受控制器控制导通或截止进而控制放电回路的通 断。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法, 其特征在于: 所述充电均衡方式, 即将各电池单体正极分别通过一可控开关接充电电源正极, 将各电池单体负极也分别通过一可控开关接充电电源负极, 可控开关均受控制 器控制实现单体电池充电。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法, 其特征在于: 所述放电电阻取值至少为 100欧姆。
PCT/CN2010/079945 2010-06-28 2010-12-17 动力电池组充放电均衡控制方法 WO2012000292A1 (zh)

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