Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0666—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being characterised by an anti-corrosive or adhesion promoting coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/04—Carbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
  • C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
  • D02G3/48—Tyre cords
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C2001/0066—Compositions of the belt layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
  • C08K9/08—Ingredients agglomerated by treatment with a binding agent
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
  • D07B2201/2012—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2042—Strands characterised by a coating
  • D07B2201/2044—Strands characterised by a coating comprising polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2046—Strands comprising fillers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2065—Cores characterised by their structure comprising a coating
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2075—Fillers
  • D07B2201/2082—Fillers characterised by the materials used
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
  • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
  • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
  • Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure

Definitions

• the field of the present invention is that of reinforcing elements or "reinforcements", metal or textile, coated or sheathed with rubber, used in particular for reinforcing finished articles or semi-finished products of rubber such as for example tires for motor vehicles .
• a tire with a radial carcass reinforcement in known manner, comprises a tread, two inextensible beads, two flanks connecting the beads to the tread and a belt circumferentially disposed between the carcass reinforcement and the tread, this belt consisting of various plies (or "layers") of rubber reinforced by reinforcing elements or reinforcements such as cords or monofilaments, of the metal or textile type.
• a tire belt generally consists of at least two superposed belt plies, sometimes called “working” or “crossed” plies, whose reinforcements, textile or metal are arranged substantially parallel to each other at the same time. interior of a web, but crossed from one web to another, that is to say inclined, symmetrically or otherwise, with respect to the median circumferential plane, of an angle which is generally between 10 ° and 45 ° depending on the type of tire considered.
• Each of these two crossed plies consists of a rubber matrix or "calendering rubber" coating the reinforcements.
• the crossed plies may be supplemented by various other plies or layers of auxiliary rubber, of varying widths depending on the case, with or without reinforcements;
• examples of simple rubber cushions include so-called "protection” plies intended to protect the rest of the belt from external aggression, perforations, or so-called “hooping” plies comprising reinforcements oriented substantially along the circumferential direction (so-called “zero degree” plies), whether radially external or internal with respect to the crossed plies.
• reinforcement is generally used in the form of steel cables (cords) or textile cords (textile cords). ”) consisting of thin wires assembled together by wiring or twisting.
• a first object of the invention relates to a rubber-coated composite wire reinforcement, usable in particular for the reinforcement of a finished rubber article such as a tire, comprising one or more reinforcing threads, textile ( s) or metal (s), and a rubber compound called coating gum coating each wire, this composite wire reinforcement being characterized in that the coating gum comprises at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, between 10 and 150 phr of a lamellar filler and a crosslinking system.
• the present invention also relates to the use of the wire reinforcement of the invention as a reinforcement element for finished articles or semi-finished products made of rubber, particularly tires, in particular tires intended for equipping tourism-type motor vehicles, SUVs.
• the invention also relates per se to any finished article or semi-finished product of rubber, in particular a tire, in the green state as in the crosslinked state, which comprises a wire reinforcement according to the invention.
• pce (usually “phr” in English) means parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer or rubber (of the total elastomers if several elastomers are present).
• any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e. terminals a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the term “from a to b” means the range from a to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
• the composite reinforcement of the invention also known as "wire reinforcement” (ie, reinforcement element comprising one or more threads) is therefore a reinforcement coated with rubber, in the raw or cooked state. (reticle). It has the essential feature of comprising at least one (that is to say one or more) reinforcing wire (s), textile (s) or metal (s), and a specific rubber composition called gum d coating, which covers, coats said wire individually or collectively several wires.
• wire reinforcement ie, reinforcement element comprising one or more threads
• reticle a specific rubber composition called gum d coating
• the term "reinforcing thread” is generally understood to mean any elongate element of great length relative to its cross section, whatever the shape of the latter, for example circular, oblong, rectangular or square. , or even flat, this wire may be rectilinear as non-rectilinear, for example twisted or corrugated. When it is circular in shape, its diameter is preferably less than 5 mm, more preferably in a range of 0.1 to 2 mm.
• This reinforcing wire may take any known shape, it may be for example an elementary monofilament of large diameter (for example and preferably equal to or greater than 50 ⁇ ), an elementary ribbon, a film, a multifilament fiber (consisting of a plurality of elementary filaments of small diameter, typically less than 30 ⁇ ), a textile twine formed of several fibers twisted together, a textile or metal cable formed of several fibers or monofilaments Wired or twisted together, or an assembly, a row of threads comprising several of these monofilaments, fibers, twisted or ropes grouped together.
• the wire reinforcement of the invention can therefore be in the form of a single reinforcing wire, sheathed in its coating gum, to constitute a unitary composite wire sheathed by its specific rubber composition .
• the wire reinforcement of the invention may also be in the form of several reinforcing threads (monofilaments, ribbons, films, fibers, twists or cables) grouped together, for example aligned in one direction. main, rectilinear or not, these reinforcing son then being collectively sheathed in their coating gum, to constitute for example a strip, strip, a composite rubber fabric of various shapes such as those usually encountered in the tire structure.
• these reinforcing son then being collectively sheathed in their coating gum, to constitute for example a strip, strip, a composite rubber fabric of various shapes such as those usually encountered in the tire structure.
• the reinforcing wire is a metal reinforcing wire, in particular carbon steel as usually used in the "steel cords" type cables for tires; but it is of course possible to use other steels, for example stainless steels.
• carbon steel when carbon steel is used, its carbon content is preferably between 0.4% and 1.2%, especially between 0.5% and 1.1%.
• the invention applies in particular to any steel of the steel cord type with standard resistance (called “NT” for “Normal Tensile”), with high resistance (called “HT” for “High Tensile”), with very high resistance (called “SHT” for “Super High Tensile”) as ultra-high resistance (so-called “UHT” for “Ultra High Tensile”).
• the steel may be coated with an adhesive layer such as brass or zinc.
• the reinforcing yarn is a textile yarn, consisting of a synthetic or natural polymeric material, or even a mineral material.
• reinforcement yarns made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), aliphatic polyamide (eg polyamides 4-6, 6, 6-6, 11 or 12), aromatic polyamide (or “aramid”), polyamide-imide, polyimide, polyester (eg PET, PEN), aromatic polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyketone, cellulose, rayon, viscose, polyphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO), glass, carbon or ceramic.
• PVA polyvinyl alcohol
• aliphatic polyamide eg polyamides 4-6, 6, 6-6, 11 or 12
• aromatic polyamide or "aramid”
• polyamide-imide polyimide
• polyester eg PET, PEN
• aromatic polyester polyethylene, polypropylene, polyketone, cellulose, rayon, viscose, polyphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO), glass, carbon
• the specific coating gum used is a rubber composition comprising at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, between 10 and 150 phr of a lamellar filler and a crosslinking system.
• elastomer or rubber, the two terms being synonymous
• dienes monomers carrying two double bonds carbon - carbon, conjugated or not
• the diene elastomers can be classified in known manner into two categories: those known as “essentially unsaturated” and those known as “essentially saturated”.
• Butyl rubbers such as, for example, copolymers of dienes and alpha-olefins of the EPDM type, fall into the category of essentially saturated diene elastomers, with a level of units of diene origin which is low or very low, always less than 15. % (mole%).
• essentially unsaturated diene elastomer is understood to mean a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers having a proportion of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (mol%). .
• substantially unsaturated diene means, in particular, a "highly unsaturated” diene elastomer, a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%. It is preferred to use at least one diene elastomer of the highly unsaturated type, in particular a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), polybutadienes (BR) and butadiene copolymers, copolymers of isoprene and mixtures of these elastomers.
• NR natural rubber
• IR synthetic polyisoprenes
• BR polybutadienes
• butadiene copolymers copolymers of isoprene and mixtures of these elastomers.
• Such copolymers are more preferably selected from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR), isoprene-copolymers of butadiene-styrene (SBIR) and mixtures of such copolymers.
• SBR butadiene-styrene copolymers
• BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
• SIR isoprene-styrene copolymers
• SBIR isoprene-copolymers of butadiene-styrene
• the elastomers can be for example block, statistical, sequenced, microsequenced, and be prepared in dispersion or in solution; they may be coupled and / or starred or functionalized with a coupling agent and / or starring or functionalization.
• a coupling agent for example, there may be mentioned for example functional groups comprising a C-Sn bond or amino functional groups such as benzophenone for example;
• a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica mention may be made, for example, of silanol or polysiloxane functional groups having a silanol end (as described, for example, in US Pat. No.
• alkoxysilane groups as described, for example, in US 5,977,238), carboxylic groups (as described, for example, in US 6,815,473 or US 2006/0089445) or polyether groups (as described for example in US 6,503,973).
• elastomers such as SBR, BR, NR or IR of the epoxidized type.
• Polybutadienes and in particular those having a content of 1,2-units of between 4% and 80%, or those having a cis-1,4 content of greater than 80%, the polyisoprenes and the butadiene copolymers, are preferably used.
• Tg glass
• isoprene-styrene copolymers and especially those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and a Tg between -25 ° C and - 50 ° C.
• butadiene-styrene-isoprene copolymers those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly of between 10% and 40%, and an isoprene content of between 15% and 60%> by weight and more particularly between 20% and 50%, a butadiene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 40%, a 1,2-butadiene content of the butadiene part being between 4% and 85%, a trans-1,4 content of the butadiene part of between 6%> and 80%, a content of -1,2 units plus -3,4 of the isoprenic part of between 5% and 70% and a trans-1,4-unit content of the isoprene portion of between 10% and 50%, and more generally any butadiene-styrene-isoprene copolymer having a Tg of between -20 ° C and -70 ° C. .
• the diene elastomer is chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprenes and polybutadienes having a cis-1,4 bond ratio greater than 90%, butadiene-styrene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• the rubber composition comprises 50 to 100 phr of a copolymer based on styrene and butadiene, that is to say a copolymer of at least one styrene monomer and at least one butadiene monomer.
• said copolymer based on styrene and butadiene comprises by definition at least units derived from styrene and units derived from butadiene, said copolymer can be used with at most 50 phr of another diene elastomer, in polybutadiene or more preferably natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene.
• butadiene monomers 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di (C 1 -C 5 alkyl) -1,3-butadienes, such as for example 2, are particularly suitable. 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1,3 butadiene, ary 1-1,3-butadiene.
• styrene monomers are especially suitable styrene, methylstyrenes, para-tert-butylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes.
• this styrene-butadiene-based copolymer is selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene copolymers (abbreviated as SBR), styrene-butadiene-isoprene copolymers (abbreviated to SBIR) and mixtures of such copolymers.
• SBR styrene-butadiene copolymers
• SBIR styrene-butadiene-isoprene copolymers
• SBIR copolymers there may be mentioned especially those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly between 10% and 40%, an isoprene content of between 15% and 60% by weight. weight and more particularly between 20% and 50%), a butadiene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 40%, a content (mol%) in units -1, 2 of the butadiene part of between 4% and 85%, a content (mol%) in trans-1,4 units of the butadiene part of between 6%> and 80%>, a content (mol%) in units -1 , 2 plus -3.4 of the isoprene part of between 5% and 70%> and a content (mol%) in trans-1,4 units of the isoprene part of between 10%> and 50%>.
• an SBR copolymer is used.
• SBR copolymers there may be mentioned especially those having a styrene content of between 5% and 60% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 50%, a content (mol%) in -1,2 bonds of the butadiene part. between 4% and 75%, a content (mol%) in trans-1,4 bonds of between 10% and 80%.
• the Tg of the copolymer based on styrene and butadiene is greater than -40 ° C., in particular between -40 ° C. and 0 ° C. more preferably still, its Tg is greater than -35 ° C, especially between -35 ° C and 0 ° C, in particular greater than -30 ° C, especially between -30 ° C and 0 ° C (for example in a range of -25 ° C to -5 ° C).
• the preferential Tg domain may also include positive values (ie greater than 0 ° C), for example being in a range of -30 ° C to +30 ° C (especially from -25 ° C to + 25 ° C).
• the person skilled in the art knows how to modify the microstructure of a copolymer based on styrene and butadiene, in particular on an SBR, to increase and adjust its Tg, in particular by modifying the styrene contents in -1-bonds. 2 or in trans-1,4 bonds of the butadiene part. It is more preferable to use an SBR (solution or emulsion) having a styrene content (mol%) which is greater than 35%, more preferably between 35% and 60%), in particular in a range from 38% to 50%. . SBR relative to high Tg are well known to those skilled in the art, they have been used in particular in tire treads to improve some of their properties of use.
• the rubber composition comprises 50 to 100 phr of natural rubber or of synthetic polyisoprene, said natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene which can be used in particular in blending (mixing) with at most 50 phr.
• another diene elastomer in particular a polybutadiene or more preferably a copolymer based on styrene and butadiene as described above.
• the diene elastomers of the treads according to the invention could be associated, in a minor amount, synthetic elastomers other than diene, or even polymers other than elastomers, for example thermoplastic polymers.
• Tg of the elastomers described here is measured conventionally, well known to those skilled in the art, on an elastomer in the dry state (ie, without extension oil) and by DSC (for example according to ASTM D3418 - 1999). .
• composition of the invention comprises any type of so-called reinforcing filler known for its ability to reinforce a rubber composition that can be used for the manufacture of tires, for example an organic filler such as carbon black, a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica to which is associated in a known manner a coupling agent, or a mixture of these two types of filler.
• an organic filler such as carbon black
• a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica to which is associated in a known manner a coupling agent, or a mixture of these two types of filler.
• Such a reinforcing filler preferably consists of nanoparticles whose average size (in mass) is less than one micrometer, generally less than 500 nm, most often between 20 and 200 nm, in particular and more preferably between 20 and 150 nm.
• the content of total reinforcing filler is greater than 20 phr, in particular between 20 and 100 phr. Above 100 phr, there is a risk of increasing the hysteresis and therefore the rolling resistance of the tires. For this reason, the total reinforcing filler content is more preferably within a range of 30 to 90 phr.
• Suitable carbon blacks are all carbon blacks, especially blacks conventionally used in tires or their treads (so-called pneumatic grade blacks).
• carbon blacks of the series 100, 200, 300, 600 or 700 for example blacks NI15, N134, N234, N326, N330, N339, N347, N375, are particularly suitable.
• the carbon blacks could for example already be incorporated into the diene elastomer, in particular isoprene in the form of a masterbatch (see for example applications WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600).
• organic fillers other than carbon blacks mention may be made of functionalized polyvinyl organic fillers as described in applications WO-A-2006/069792 and WO-A-2006/069793, WO-A-2008/003434. and WO-A-2008/003435.
• Reinforcing inorganic filler means any inorganic or mineral filler, irrespective of its color and origin (natural or synthetic), also called “white” filler or sometimes “clear” filler as opposed to carbon black. capable of reinforcing on its own, with no other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition intended for the manufacture of tires, in other words able to replace, in its reinforcing function, a conventional carbon black pneumatic grade; such a filler is generally characterized, in known manner, by the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) on its surface.
• Suitable reinforcing inorganic fillers are in particular mineral fillers of the siliceous type, preferentially silica (SiO 2).
• the silica used may be any reinforcing silica known to those skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or fumed silica having a BET surface and a CTAB specific surface both less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / g, especially between 60 and 300 m 2 / g.
• highly dispersible precipitated silicas called "HDS"
• an at least bifunctional coupling agent (or bonding agent) is used in a well-known manner to ensure a sufficient chemical and / or physical connection between the inorganic filler (surface of its particles) and the diene elastomer.
• organosilanes or at least bifunctional polyorganosiloxanes are used.
• polysulfide silanes called “symmetrical” or “asymmetrical” silanes according to their particular structure, are used, as described for example in the applications WO03 / 002648 (or US 2005/016651) and WO03 / 002649 (or US 2005/016650).
• polysulphide silanes having the following general formula (I) are not suitable for the following definition:
• x is an integer of 2 to 8 (preferably 2 to 5);
• the symbols A which are identical or different, represent a divalent hydrocarbon group (preferably an alkylene Ci-Cig or an arylene group C 6 -C 2, more preferably an alkylene C1-C1 0, in particular C1-C4 , in particular propylene);
• radicals R 1 substituted or unsubstituted, identical or different, represent an alkyl group Ci-Cig, cycloalkyl C 5 -C 8 aryl or C 6 -C 8 (of Any alkyl Ci-C 6, cyclohexyl or phenyl, especially alkyl groups C 1 -C 4 alkyl, more particularly methyl and / or ethyl).
• the radicals R 2 substituted or unsubstituted, which are identical to or different from one another, represent a C 1 -C 8 alkoxyl or C 5 -C 8 cycloalkoxyl group (preferably a group chosen from C 1 -C 6 alkoxyls and C 5 cycloalkoxyls); -C 8 , more preferably still a group selected from C 1 -C 4 alkoxyls, in particular methoxyl and ethoxyl).
• silane polysulfides are more particularly the bis (mono, trisulfide or tetrasulfide) of bis (alkoxyl (Ci-C 4) alkyl (Ci-C 4) silyl alkyl (Ci-C 4 )), such as polysulfides of bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) or bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl).
• bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, abbreviated TESPT of formula [(C 2 H 5 O) 3 Si (CH 2 ) 3 S 2 ] 2 or bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) disulphide is especially used.
• TESPD abbreviated TESPD, of formula [(C 2 H 5 O) 3 Si (CH 2 ) 3 S] 2 .
• polysulfides in particular disulfides, trisulphides or tetrasulfides
• bis-monoethoxydimethylsilylpropyl tetrasulfide as described in the aforementioned patent application WO 02/083782 (or US Pat. No. 7,217,751).
• silanes carrying at least one thiol function (-SH) (called mercaptosilanes) and / or of at least one blocked thiol function, as described for example in patents or patent applications US 6,849,754, WO 99/09036, WO 2006/023815, WO 2007/098080.
• the content of coupling agent is preferably between 2 and 15 phr, more preferably between 3 and 12 phr.
• Another essential feature of the coating gum is that it comprises between 10 and 150 phr of a lamellar filler. Below the minimum indicated, the desired technical effect is insufficient while beyond the maximum recommended, one exposes to the prohibitive problems of increase of the module, weakening of the composition, also to difficulties of dispersion of the load and processability, not to mention a significant penalty for hysteresis. For all the reasons indicated above, a platelet filler content preferably of between 20 and 100 phr, more preferably still within a range of 25 to 80 phr, is used.
• the filler level is preferably less than 30%, more preferably less than 25%, in particular less than 20% (% by volume of elastomeric composition or coating gum).
• lamellar fillers in English “platy fillers” are well known to those skilled in the art. They have been used especially in pneumatic tires to reduce the permeability of conventional "inner-liners” based on butyl rubber. In these butyl-based layers, they are generally used at relatively low levels, usually not exceeding 10 to 25 phr (see, for example, US Patent Specification 2004/0194863, WO 2006/047509).
• aspects ratio L / E (or “aspect ratio”) is generally greater than 2, more often greater than 3 or 5, where L is the median length (or greater dimension) and E is the median thickness of these lamellar charges, these averages being calculated in number.
• this aspect ratio is between 2 and 200, in particular between 3 and 150, more preferably still in a range from 5 to 100, in particular from 5 to 50.
• lamellar fillers are preferably of micrometric size, that is to say that they are in the form of microparticles whose median size or length (L) is greater than 1 ⁇ , typically between a few ⁇ (for example 5 or 10 ⁇ ) and a few hundred ⁇ (for example 500 or 800 ⁇ ).
• the median length (L) of the particles is between 5 and 500 ⁇ , more preferably between 50 and 250 ⁇ .
• the median thickness (E) of the particles is for its part between 0.5 and 50 ⁇ , in particular between 2 and 30 ⁇ .
• the lamellar fillers used in accordance with the invention are chosen from the group consisting of graphites, phyllosilicates and mixtures of such fillers.
• phyllosilicates there may be mentioned clays, talcs, micas, kaolins, these phyllosilicates may or may not be modified for example by a surface treatment; examples of such modified phyllosilicates include micas coated with titanium oxide, clays modified with surfactants ("organo clays").
• Lamellar fillers with a low surface energy are preferably used, such as those chosen from the group consisting of graphites, talcs, micas and mixtures of such fillers, the latter being able to be modified or not, more preferably still in the group consisting of graphites, talcs and mixtures of such fillers.
• the graphites can be used natural graphites such as synthetic graphites.
• micas examples include micas marketed by CMMP (Mica-MU®, Mica-Soft®, Briomica® for example), vermiculites (including Shawatec® vermiculite marketed by CMMP or vermiculite Microlite® marketed by WRGrace), modified or processed micas (for example, the Iriodin® range marketed by Merck).
• CMMP Mica-MU®, Mica-Soft®, Briomica® for example
• vermiculites including Shawatec® vermiculite marketed by CMMP or vermiculite Microlite® marketed by WRGrace
• modified or processed micas for example, the Iriodin® range marketed by Merck.
• graphites mention may be made of graphites marketed by Timcal (Timrex® range).
• talcs mention may be made of talcs marketed by Luzenac.
• glass flakes are the "RCF600" products marketed by Nippon Glass Sheet.
• the introduction of the lamellar fillers into the elastomeric composition can be carried out according to various known methods, for example by mixing in solution, by mass mixing in an internal mixer, or by extrusion mixing.
• various known methods are applicable, for example by laser diffraction (see, for example, ISO-8130-13 standard or JIS K5600-9 standard). -3).
• the operation consists in sieving a defined quantity of sample (for example 200 g) on a vibrating table for 30 min with different sieve diameters (for example, according to a reason for progression, with meshes (in ⁇ ) of 75 , 105, 150, 180, etc.); the refusals collected on each sieve are weighed on a precision scale; we deduce the% of refusal for each mesh diameter with respect to the total weight of product; the median size (or median diameter) is finally calculated in a known manner from the histogram of the particle size distribution.
• a defined quantity of sample for example 200 g
• different sieve diameters for example, according to a reason for progression, with meshes (in ⁇ ) of 75 , 105, 150, 180, etc.
• the refusals collected on each sieve are weighed on a precision scale; we deduce the% of refusal for each mesh diameter with respect to the total weight of product; the median size (or median diameter) is finally calculated in a known manner from the histogram of the particle size distribution.
• the crosslinking system is preferably a vulcanization system, that is to say a system based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
• a vulcanization system that is to say a system based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
• various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators such as zinc oxide.
• Sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 12 phr, in particular between 1 and 10 phr.
• the primary vulcanization accelerator is used at a preferred level of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 phr.
• Any compound that can act as an accelerator for vulcanizing diene elastomers in the presence of sulfur especially thiazole accelerators and their derivatives, accelerators of the thiuram type, zinc dithiocarbamates, may be used as accelerator.
• These primary accelerators are more preferably selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (abbreviated "MBTS”), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (abbreviated “CBS”), N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide (abbreviated "DCBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide (abbreviated "TBBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenimide (abbreviated "TBSI”) and mixtures of these compounds .
• MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazy
• the rubber composition constituting the coating gum may also comprise all or part of the usual additives normally used in tire rubber compositions, such as, for example, protective agents such as chemical antioxidants, anti-oxidants, plasticizing agents. or extension oils, whether the latter are of aromatic or non-aromatic nature, especially very low or non-aromatic oils, for example of the naphthenic or paraffinic type, with high or preferably low viscosity, MES or TDAE oils.
• protective agents such as chemical antioxidants, anti-oxidants, plasticizing agents.
• extension oils whether the latter are of aromatic or non-aromatic nature, especially very low or non-aromatic oils, for example of the naphthenic or paraffinic type, with high or preferably low viscosity, MES or TDAE oils.
• high-Tg hydrocarbon plasticizing resins such as resorcinol or bismaleimide
• tackifying resins agents facilitating the implementation (processability) of the compositions in the green state
• reinforcing resins such as resorcinol or bismaleimide
• acceptors or donors of methylene such as hexamethylenetetramine or hexamethoxymethylmelamine
• known adhesion promoter systems such as metal, for example salts (e.g. acetylacetonates, abietates, naphthenates, talates) of cobalt, nickel or lanthanide such as neodymium.
• hydrocarbon plasticizing resins with a high Tg preferably greater than 20 ° C., more preferably greater than 30 ° C. (according to ASTM D 3418 of 1999), are advantageously usable because they can make it possible to improve still the technical effect of "water barrier" provided by the protective elastomeric underlayer described above.
• Hydrocarbon resins are polymers well known to those skilled in the art, which can be used in particular as plasticizers or tackifiers in matrices. polymer. They have been described, for example, in the book “Hydrocarbon Resins” by R. Mildenberg, M. Zander and G. Collin (New York, VCH, 1997, ISBN 3-527-28617-9), chapter 5 of which is devoted their applications, in particular pneumatic rubber (5.5 “Rubber Tires and Mechanical Goods”).
• They can be aliphatic, aromatic, aliphatic / aromatic type that is to say based on aliphatic and / or aromatic monomers, hydrogenated or not. They may be natural or synthetic, whether or not based on petroleum (if so, also known as petroleum resins). They are preferably exclusively hydrocarbon-based, that is to say they contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• the macrostructure (Mw, Mn and Ip) of the resin hydrocarbon is determined by steric exclusion chromatography ("SEC"): solvent tetrahydrofuran; temperature 35 ° C; concentration 1 g / 1; flow rate 1 ml / min; filtered solution on 0.45 ⁇ porosity filter before injection; Moore calibration with polystyrene standards; set of 3 "WATERS” columns in series (“STYRAGEL” HR4E, HR1 and HR0.5); differential refractometer detection (“WATERS 2410”) and its associated operating software (“WATERS EMPOWER”).
• SEC steric exclusion chromatography
• hydrocarbon plasticizing resins By way of examples of above-mentioned hydrocarbon plasticizing resins, mention may be made in particular of homopolymer or copolymer resins of cyclopentadiene or dicyclopentadiene, resins of terpene homopolymers or copolymers (eg alphapinene, betapinene, dipentene or polylimonene), resins of homopolymers or copolymers of C5 or C9 cut, for example C5 / styrene cut copolymer or C5 cut / C9 cut copolymer.
• homopolymer or copolymer resins of cyclopentadiene or dicyclopentadiene resins of terpene homopolymers or copolymers (eg alphapinene, betapinene, dipentene or polylimonene), resins of homopolymers or copolymers of C5 or C9 cut, for example C5 / styrene cut
• the content of hydrocarbon resin is preferably between 5 and 60 phr, especially between 5 and 50 phr, more preferably still within a range of 10 to 40 phr.
• the coating gum may also contain coupling enhancers when a coupling agent is used, inorganic filler recovery agents when an inorganic filler is used, or more generally, blending agents.
• these agents are for example hydroxysilanes or hydrolysable silanes such as alkyl-alkoxysilanes, polyols, polyethers, amines, hydroxylated or hydrolysable polyorganosiloxanes.
• the rubber compositions forming the coating gum are manufactured in suitable mixers, for example using two successive preparation phases according to a general procedure well known to those skilled in the art: a first thermomechanical working or mixing phase (sometimes qualified of "non-productive" phase) at a high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 130 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 145 ° C and 185 ° C, followed by a second phase of mechanical work (sometimes described as a "productive" phase) at a lower temperature, typically less than 120 ° C., for example between 60 ° C. and 100 ° C., a finishing phase during which the crosslinking or vulcanization system is incorporated.
• a first thermomechanical working or mixing phase sometimes qualified of "non-productive" phase
• a second phase of mechanical work sometimes described as a "productive” phase
• a finishing phase during which the crosslinking or vulcanization system is incorporated.
• a process that can be used for the manufacture of such rubber compositions comprises, for example, and preferably the following steps: in a mixer, add to the diene elastomer, the reinforcing filler and between 10 and 150 phr of the lamellar filler, by thermomechanically kneading the whole, in one or more times, until a maximum temperature of between 130 ° C. and 200 ° C;
• the first (non-productive) phase is carried out in a single thermomechanical step during which all the necessary constituents, the possible coating agents, are introduced into a suitable mixer such as a conventional internal mixer. or other complementary additives and other additives, with the exception of the crosslinking system.
• a suitable mixer such as a conventional internal mixer. or other complementary additives and other additives, with the exception of the crosslinking system.
• the low temperature crosslinking system is then incorporated, generally in an external mixer such as a roll mill; the whole is then mixed (productive phase) for a few minutes, for example between 5 and 15 min.
• the final composition thus obtained is then calendered, for example in the form of a sheet or a plate, in particular for a characterization in the laboratory, or else extruded in the form of a rubber profile that can be used directly as a coating gum ( or calendering) of one or more reinforcement, textile or metal, as described above.
• the vulcanization (or cooking) is conducted in a known manner at a temperature generally between 130 ° C and 200 ° C, for a sufficient time which may vary for example between 5 and 90 min depending in particular on the cooking temperature, the system of vulcanization adopted and the kinetics of vulcanization of the composition under consideration.
• the minimum thickness (denoted Em in FIGS. 1 and 2 commented below) of the coating gum surrounding the reinforcing thread (s) is typically between 0.1 and 2 mm, especially in a range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm.
• the coating gum has, in the vulcanized state (ie, after curing), a secant modulus in extension E10 which is less than 30 MPa, more preferably between 2 and 25 MPa, in particular between 5 and 20 MPa.
• the "secant modulus in extension” (denoted E10) is the tensile modulus measured in second elongation (ie, after a cycle of accommodation) at 10% elongation (according to ASTM D412-1998, specimen "C”). modulus being the secant modulus "true” that is to say, brought back to the actual section of the specimen (normal temperature and humidity conditions according to ASTM D 1349-1999).
• FIG. 1 shows very schematically (without respecting a specific scale), in cross section, a first example of a composite wire reinforcement according to the invention.
• This composite reinforcement denoted R1 consists of a reinforcing thread (10) consisting of a unitary filament or monofilament of relatively large diameter (for example between 0.10 and 0.50 mm), for example carbon steel, in particular polyester, Nylon® or aramid, which is coated with a layer (11) of natural rubber-based coating gum, carbon black as a reinforcing filler, graphite as a filler and a system vulcanization; its minimum thickness is noted E m in Figure 1.
• FIG. 2 schematizes in cross section a second example of a composite wire reinforcement according to the invention.
• This composite reinforcement R-2 is constituted by a reinforcing thread (20) consisting for example of two monofilaments (20a, 20b) of carbon steel cabled together, or two multifilament textile fibers (20a, 20b) twisted together for example polyester, Nylon® or aramid; the reinforcement yarn (20) is covered with a layer (21) of natural rubber-based coating gum and an SBR copolymer whose Tg is between -30 ° C and + 30 ° C, of black carbon and silica as a reinforcing filler, talc as a filler and a vulcanization system; its minimum thickness is noted E m in FIG.
• FIG. 3 schematizes, again in cross-section, another example of wire reinforcement according to the invention.
• This reinforcement R-3 comprises a reinforcing thread (30) here consisting of a 1 + 6 steel wire rope, with a core wire or core wire (31a) and six filaments (31b) of the same diameter wound together in a helix around the central wire.
• This reinforcing wire or wire (30) is covered with a layer (32) of natural rubber-based coating gum, silica as a reinforcing filler, mica as a lamellar filler, and a coating system. vulcanization.
• FIG. 4 schematizes in cross-section another example according to the invention, this time in the form of a reinforced rubber strip, in which a group of several wires (here, three wires to simplify) of reinforcement are collectively drowned in a coating gum provided in known manner for example by a calendering operation.
• This composite reinforcement denoted R-4 consists of three reinforcing threads (40) each consisting of multifilament textile strands (40a, 40b) twisted together, for example Nylon®, polyester or aramid, or metal ropes (40) made up each of two carbon steel monofilaments (40a, 40b); the assembly constituted by the three aligned reinforcing threads (40) is embedded in a layer (41) of natural rubber-based coating gum and an SBR copolymer whose Tg is between -30 ° C and + 30 ° C, carbon black as a reinforcing filler, graphite as a filler and a vulcanization system.
• SBR copolymer whose Tg is between -30 ° C and + 30 ° C, carbon black as a reinforcing filler, graphite as a filler and a vulcanization system.
• the composite wire reinforcement of the invention described above can especially be used for the manufacture of any finished article or semi-finished product made of rubber, in particular for the reinforcement of pneumatic tires of all types of vehicles, in particular passenger vehicles or industrial vehicles such as than Heavyweight.
• this wire reinforcement of the invention can be in various forms, in a unitary form (with a single reinforcing wire) or in the form of a sheet, strip, strip or block of rubber in which are incorporated, for example by calendering, several textile reinforcement son (s) and / or metal (s).
• the final adhesion between the metal or the textile and the coating gum can be obtained after firing, preferably under pressure, the finished article which is intended for the wire reinforcement of the invention.
• FIG. 5 very schematically represents a radial section of a tire 1 with a radial carcass reinforcement according to the invention, intended for example for a heavy-duty vehicle or a passenger vehicle in this invention. general representation.
• This tire 1 comprises a crown 2, two sidewalls 3, two beads 4, a carcass reinforcement 7 extending from one bead to the other.
• the top 2 surmounted by a tread (not shown in this schematic figure, for simplification), is in a manner known per se reinforced by a crown reinforcement 6 constituted for example by at least two superimposed crossed vertex plies (plies so-called "working" top), for example covered with at least one protective ply or with a zero degree hooping ply.
• the carcass reinforcement 7 is wrapped around the two rods 5 in each bead 4, the reversal 8 of this armature 7 being for example disposed towards the outside of the tire 1 which is shown here mounted on its rim 9.
• the carcass reinforcement 7 consists of at least one ply reinforced by so-called "radial” cables, that is, these cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from one bead to the other so as to form an angle of between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located midway between the two beads 4 and passes through the middle of the crown reinforcement 6).
• this tire 1 also comprises, in a known manner, a rubber or elastomer layer 10, commonly known as a rubber or sealing layer, which defines the radially inner face of the tire and which is intended to protect the carcass ply from the diffusion air from the interior space to the tire.
• the tire according to the invention has the essential feature of comprising in its structure at least one composite filament reinforcement according to the invention.
• This filament reinforcement may form, for example, all or part of the carcass reinforcement 7, the armature 5 (rod) of the bead zone, or according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the crown reinforcement 6, whether it be as fretted top ply, protective top ply or as working top ply.
• the tire reinforcement constitutes, in the belt of the tire of the invention, a hooping sheet (comprising in particular textile cords) or a protective sheet (comprising metal or textile cords), arranged circumferentially between the tread and the two working plies, whose coating gum, thanks to its water barrier properties, effectively protects against corrosion or wet aging the two working crown plies (including in particular cables metal) that this crown hoop or protection ply covers radially.
• a hooping sheet comprising in particular textile cords
• a protective sheet comprising metal or textile cords
• thermomechanical work for the compositions according to the invention, the diene elastomer, as well as the various other ingredients with the exception of the vulcanization system; the mixer was thus filled to about 70% (% by volume).
• thermomechanical work phase non-productive
• the mixture thus obtained was recovered, cooled, and sulfur and a sulfenamide type accelerator were incorporated on an external mixer (homo-oxidizer) at 30 ° C, mixing the whole (productive phase) for a few minutes.
• the composition thus obtained was then calendered in the form of plates (thickness equal to 1 mm) that can be used as coating gum in the wire reinforcements of the invention.
• compositions were compared with two control compositions (hereinafter respectively denoted C-1 and C-4) of the same formulation and prepared identically, but without lamellar filler.
• the final assembly thus molded constituted a rubber block in the form of a parallelepiped of dimensions 150 mm by 150 mm and with a total thickness equal to 4 mm.
• the C-R composition used was a known rubber composition, conventionally used as a plywood crown calendering gum in a tire belt, based on natural rubber (peptized) and N326 carbon black (55 phr).
• the results given in Tables 2 and 3 express the water intake, that is to say the increase in the water content observed in the CR receiver composition, for the six barrier compositions tested in which the receptor composition was molded.
• the barrier compositions C-2 and C-3 on the one hand, C-5 and C-6, on the other hand, can be used as coating gum in the wired reinforcements of the The invention has a water barrier property which is significantly improved over control compositions C1 and C-4 without lamellar charge.
• the increase in the amount of water (parasite) collected in the CR composition after heat and wet treatment is 40% to 50% lower compared to control compositions, respectively Cl and C-4.
• the coating gum used in the composite wire reinforcement of the invention has significantly increased water barrier properties, giving for example to the belt of a tire a protection which is significantly improved against the risks of penetration d water through the tread.
• Control Invention Invention of the Receptor Composition (C-R) (Barrier C-4) (Barrier C-5) (Barrier C-6)

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• 2010
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