WO2011145515A1 - Antenne de réception d'ondes magnétiques et dispositif de communication par ondes magnétiques - Google Patents

Antenne de réception d'ondes magnétiques et dispositif de communication par ondes magnétiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011145515A1
WO2011145515A1 PCT/JP2011/061028 JP2011061028W WO2011145515A1 WO 2011145515 A1 WO2011145515 A1 WO 2011145515A1 JP 2011061028 W JP2011061028 W JP 2011061028W WO 2011145515 A1 WO2011145515 A1 WO 2011145515A1
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antenna
magnetic wave
magnetic
short loop
wave signal
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PCT/JP2011/061028
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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実則 河野
公則 河野
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有限会社 アール・シー・エス
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Priority to JP2012515857A priority Critical patent/JPWO2011145515A1/ja
Publication of WO2011145515A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011145515A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy

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  • an induced magnetic field signal in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of an electromagnetic wave signal, in fresh water or seawater having a salinity of 0% to 10%, or in a combination thereof.
  • Induction magnetic field communication for performing magnetic field induction communication (hereinafter referred to as magnetic wave communication) using an Induction Signal (hereinafter referred to as a magnetic wave signal) in the middle range of several tens to several tens of kilometers.
  • the present invention relates to a device (Magnetic Field Induction Equipment) (hereinafter referred to as a magnetic wave communication device).
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • FFC Far-Field Communication
  • MFC Middle-Field Communication
  • Patent Documents 1 to 4 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 JP 2009-302963 A JP 10-215105 A Special table hei 11-505395 JP-A-5-328454 “Basic Engineering Electromagnetism” by WH Hayt, translated by Yamanaka et al., Pages 275-280 "Antenna and Radio Wave Propagation" by Keiji Taniguchi, pages 188-189
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of an antenna used in the conventional “magnetic wave communication device” described in Patent Document 1.
  • 600 is a magnetic field antenna
  • 400 is a loop coil
  • 401 is a magnetic field absorber that absorbs and attenuates magnetic wave signals
  • 402 is an electric field shield
  • 403 is a filler
  • 404 is a waterproof case
  • 405a and 405b are input terminals.
  • the magnetic field absorber 401 that absorbs and attenuates the magnetic wave signal is arranged so as to cover a part of the loop coil 400, and has an effect of absorbing and attenuating the magnetic wave signal transmitted and received from the part.
  • the provision of the magnetic field absorber 401 significantly increases the impedance of the magnetic field antenna, making it difficult to efficiently pass a conduction current through the loop coil 400, inevitably reducing the radiation efficiency of the magnetic wave signal, There is a problem that obstructs magnetic wave communication between distances.
  • the “short-range magnetic communication system” or “inductive magnetic field transmitting / receiving antenna” described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 is a system or a transmitting / receiving antenna for performing communication using an induced magnetic field. It is intended for communication, and is not intended to realize mid-range communication in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of electromagnetic wave signals, nor is it a configuration or structure capable of realizing mid-range communication.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 when a propagation experiment in salt water was performed using the magnetic wave antenna and the magnetic wave communication device of the present invention, a sudden propagation loss as described in Non-Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 2 occurred.
  • the relative permittivity is about 81
  • the relative permeability is about 1
  • the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal is 1 MHz
  • the electromagnetic wave is abruptly attenuated at a rate of about 100 dB / m. It has been confirmed that wireless communication can be performed over a medium distance using signals.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems.
  • an induction magnetic field antenna hereinafter referred to as a magnetic wave antenna
  • a magnetic wave communication device for performing magnetic wave communication over a medium distance of about several tens to several tens of kilometers using a magnetic wave signal Is intended to be provided at low cost.
  • a magnetic wave antenna and a magnetic wave communication device are provided in the atmosphere, in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of electromagnetic wave signals, in fresh water or seawater with a salinity of 0% to 10%, or a combination thereof.
  • a transmission means connected to at least a first magnetic wave antenna for performing magnetic wave communication between medium distances using a magnetic wave signal propagating by a magnetic field fluctuation (inductive magnetic field);
  • Receiving means connected to the magnetic wave antenna, and the first magnetic wave antenna efficiently radiates a magnetic field fluctuation from the conduction current driven by the transmitting means to the outside, and the second magnetic wave wave.
  • the antenna efficiently induces an electromotive force from the received magnetic field fluctuation and outputs it to the receiving means.
  • the first magnetic wave antenna, the second magnetic wave antenna, or both of them are short loop antennas having an opening surface covered with an electric field shield and having a quarter wavelength or less of the magnetic wave signal.
  • Having an impedance conversion transformer, having an impedance matching capacitor, having a plurality of antenna elements, matching with the impedance matching capacitors having different capacities corresponding to the plurality of antenna elements, and demultiplexing By combining the plurality of antenna elements via a device or combining them, the magnetic wave signal can be radiated or received efficiently, or have a wide band characteristic.
  • the conventional antenna realizes electromagnetic wave communication by generating the maximum electric field fluctuation driven by the displacement current and generating the maximum electromotive force by receiving the electric field fluctuation.
  • the magnetic wave antenna of the present invention the magnetic field fluctuation driven by the conduction current is generated to the maximum, and the magnetic field communication is received to generate the maximum electromotive force. Can be realized.
  • the block diagram of the magnetic wave communication apparatus which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention Explanatory drawing for analyzing the propagation characteristic of the magnetic wave signal in the first embodiment of the present invention Comparison diagram of propagation characteristics of magnetic wave signal and conventional electromagnetic wave signal in the first embodiment of the present invention Example of characteristics of magnetic wave antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention Another block diagram of the magnetic wave antenna used in the first embodiment of the present invention The block diagram of the magnetic wave communication apparatus which shows the 2nd Embodiment of this invention The block diagram of the magnetic wave antenna used for the 2nd Embodiment of this invention Another block diagram of the magnetic wave antenna used in the second embodiment of the present invention Configuration diagram of a magnetic wave antenna according to a conventional embodiment
  • the magnetic wave propagating due to magnetic field fluctuations as shown in the first embodiment of the present invention Use signals to communicate in medium distances in the atmosphere, in substances with relatively large propagation loss of electromagnetic wave signals, in fresh water or seawater with a salinity of 0% to 10%, or in a combination of these.
  • the magnetic wave communication device is at least connected to the first antenna means for efficiently radiating the magnetic field fluctuation caused by the conduction current to the outside, and efficiently drives the conduction current.
  • the first antenna means is a short loop antenna having a quarter wavelength or less of the magnetic wave signal, and a driven conduction current.
  • Magnetic field fluctuation transmission means for efficiently generating and radiating the magnetic field fluctuations generated by the electric field, and electric field fluctuations for suppressing the electric field fluctuations caused by the driven displacement current or for suppressing electromagnetic wave signal radiation to the outside Suppression means.
  • FIG. 2, FIG. 5 and claim 3 it is a short loop antenna having a wavelength equal to or less than a quarter wavelength of the magnetic wave signal, and receives the fluctuation of the induced magnetic field to efficiently generate the electromotive force.
  • Magnetic field fluctuation receiving means for generating and electric field fluctuation suppressing means for suppressing electric field fluctuation caused by the generated electromotive force or suppressing re-radiation of the electromagnetic wave signal to the outside.
  • the short loop antenna and the primary side terminal of the impedance conversion transformer are connected in series or in parallel, and the impedance conversion transformer The secondary side terminal and the impedance matching capacitor are connected in series or in parallel.
  • the short loop antenna and the impedance matching capacitor are connected in series or in parallel, either directly or via an impedance conversion transformer.
  • a resonant circuit is configured.
  • the short loop antenna, the impedance converting transformer, the impedance matching capacitor, or a combination thereof is housed in the electric field fluctuation suppressing means. Is done.
  • the short loop antenna, the impedance conversion transformer, or both of them are made of a highly conductive material capable of obtaining a series resistance of a specified value or less.
  • the impedance matching capacitor can be switched according to the frequency of the magnetic wave signal or is automatically tuned.
  • the short loop antenna is formed on an outer peripheral portion of a magnetic body having a magnetic permeability of 1 or more.
  • the short loop antenna of the first antenna means is a plurality of turns or a plurality of sets
  • the short loop antenna of the second antenna means is a one turn or a set. Yes, or both of them are a combination of the number of turns or the number of sets.
  • the plurality of sets of short loop antennas have such a length that electric field fluctuations caused by displacement current can be suppressed within a specified value, and are coupled by a plurality of sets of impedance conversion transformers. They are synthesized and arranged so as to cross each other at an angle.
  • the short loop antenna has a length of 1/20 wavelength or less of the magnetic wave signal, or energy loss due to electric field fluctuation is within a specified value. The length can be limited.
  • the electric field fluctuation suppression means radiates the electric field fluctuations by confining or accumulating the electric field fluctuations inside with low loss. Is an electric field shield that covers an opening surface for radiating magnetic field fluctuations to the outside, an electromagnetic field shield that covers other than the opening surface, or a combination thereof.
  • the electric field shield has a thickness that allows the magnetic wave signal to pass through with a low loss within a specified value, and a thickness that can contain the electromagnetic wave signal with a low loss within a specified value.
  • the first antenna means, the second antenna means, or both have a plurality of antenna elements, and the plurality of antenna elements
  • an omnidirectional magnetic wave antenna is constructed by driving in-phase or different-phase conduction currents or inducing in-phase or different-phase electromotive forces, and a directional magnetic wave antenna is constructed.
  • a wave magnetic wave antenna is formed, or a combination thereof is formed.
  • the first antenna means, the second antenna means, or both of them have a plurality of antenna elements corresponding to the plurality of antenna elements.
  • the first antenna means, the second antenna means, or both of them constitute a magnetic wave array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements arranged in an array. Then, the magnetic wave signal is radiated in the direction of the directional beam formed by the plurality of antenna elements with low loss, and the emission of the magnetic wave signal in a direction other than the direction of the directional beam is suppressed.
  • the plurality of antenna elements constitute a magnetic wave active phased array antenna having amplitude control means, phase delay control means, combining / distributing means, or a combination thereof, A directional beam of a magnetic wave active phased array antenna is directed or scanned in a target direction.
  • the transmitting means intermittently transmits a short burst signal, and performs time-division communication with the receiving means at the same frequency, or both.
  • the short loop antenna of the first antenna means and the short loop antenna of the second antenna means are arranged in a horizontal plane direction, a vertical plane direction of the short loop antenna, or A plurality of sets of the short loop antennas are provided so as to face each other in a plurality of directions.
  • the first antenna means emits a magnetic wave signal by directing or scanning in a specific direction
  • the second antenna means Receives a magnetic wave signal reflected from a reflecting object, and constitutes a depth measurement device, a detection device, a search device, or a radar device.
  • a plurality of antenna means are connected to the transmitting means or receiving means, and a magnetic wave signal is transmitted or received while periodically switching using an antenna switch, and the receiving In the means, the phase of the magnetic wave signal corresponding to the plurality of antenna means is measured, and the direction in which the transmitting means is located or the direction in which the receiving means is directed is detected.
  • the antenna means, the transmitting means, the receiving means, or a combination thereof constitutes a plurality of mobile stations, fixed stations, relay stations, or a combination thereof, and at least in the atmosphere A wide area communication network that can connect seamlessly with seawater.
  • the relay station is installed close to the seawater surface, and transmits and receives electromagnetic wave signals toward the atmosphere, or both of them, and directs them into the seawater.
  • the magnetic wave signal is transmitted, received, or both.
  • a plurality of antenna means are connected to the fixed station, the relay station, or both of them with directing beams directed in a plurality of directions, and the period is changed using an antenna switch.
  • the magnetic wave signal is intermittently transmitted or intermittently received as a burst signal or a packet signal while switching, and communication is performed with mobile stations, other fixed stations, or other relay stations distributed over a wide area.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a magnetic wave communication apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which 21 and 22 are magnetic wave communication apparatuses, 211 and 221 are control units, 212 and 222 are transceivers, and 213 and 223.
  • 21 and 22 are magnetic wave communication apparatuses
  • 211 and 221 are control units
  • 212 and 222 are transceivers
  • 111 is the sea surface.
  • a magnetic wave signal based on a magnetic field fluctuation (or induced magnetic field) generated by a conduction current is radiated from the magnetic wave antenna 213 connected to the transceiver 212 controlled by the control unit 211, and the propagation of the electromagnetic wave signal in the atmosphere.
  • a substance having a relatively large loss in a fresh water or a seawater having a salinity of 0% to 10%, or in a combination thereof, it is transmitted through a medium distance and received by the magnetic wave antenna 223.
  • the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal radiated from the short loop antenna loaded with the resonance capacitor is rapidly attenuated to about 100 dB / m in the 1 MHz band.
  • a short loop antenna shorter than a quarter wavelength of a magnetic wave signal is connected to a transceiver via a conversion transformer having an impedance conversion ratio of 1:16 and an impedance matching capacitor, the short loop antenna emits radiation.
  • the propagation loss of the magnetic wave signal based on the magnetic field fluctuation is hardly increased in the salt water compared to the propagation loss in the air even in the 3.58 MHz band, and is much lower than the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal, It has been confirmed that propagation between medium distances is possible.
  • the signal propagated based on the synergistic effect of the magnetic field variation and the electric field variation radiated by the displacement current flowing through the antenna is an electromagnetic wave signal
  • the device for transmitting and receiving the electromagnetic wave signal is an electromagnetic wave communication device
  • the antenna used for the electromagnetic wave communication Is a device for newly transmitting and receiving a magnetic wave signal and a magnetic wave signal for a signal propagated by a magnetic field variation (or an induced magnetic field) radiated by a conduction current driven by the antenna.
  • an antenna used for magnetic wave communication is called a magnetic wave antenna.
  • the magnetic wave signal is 1 kHz or more in the atmosphere, in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal, in fresh water or seawater having a salt concentration of 0% to 10%, or in a combination thereof.
  • the magnetic wave antenna that can occupy or occupy a relatively wide bandwidth in the frequency band, a single or a plurality of short loop antennas having a quarter wavelength or less of the magnetic wave signal may be used.
  • the magnetic wave antenna efficiently radiates magnetic field fluctuations caused by the driven conduction current to the outside, accumulates electric field fluctuations caused by the driven displacement current, or suppresses the occurrence of electric field fluctuations themselves. It is assumed that there is an electric field fluctuation suppressing means or an electric field shield. Further, at least an impedance conversion transformer and an impedance matching capacitor are connected to the short loop antenna, and the input / output impedance of the short loop antenna is converted and matched to the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable or a transmission cable, thereby being commercially available. Can be directly connected to the wireless transceiver.
  • the short loop antenna is made of a material that can drive a conduction current with low loss, a highly conductive material that can obtain a skin resistance less than a specified value, a superconductive material, or a combination thereof, or less than a specified value. It is assumed that the radiation efficiency of the magnetic field fluctuation can be improved by the structure capable of obtaining the skin resistance.
  • E ⁇ ⁇ H E ⁇ J + E ⁇ ( ⁇ D / ⁇ t)---(1)
  • E ⁇ J is a propagation loss
  • E ⁇ ( ⁇ D / ⁇ t) is a propagation power of an electromagnetic wave signal called a pointing spectrum
  • a conduction current J is expressed in a vacuum or in the atmosphere. Since the current does not flow, the propagation loss due to the conduction current is 0. However, in the seawater, the conduction current flows, so the propagation loss is large, and the attenuation of propagation of the electromagnetic wave signal is abruptly about 100 dB / m in the 1 MHz band. It is said that there is.
  • 600a is a transmission antenna using a short loop antenna
  • 600b is a reception antenna using a short loop antenna
  • 601a and 601b are electric field shields
  • 602a and 602b are directions of conduction current flowing through the transmission antenna 600a
  • 603a and 603b are directions of conduction current flowing through the transmission antenna 600a
  • 604a and 604b are impedance matching capacitors
  • 605a and 605b are electromagnetic field shields
  • 606a and 606b are antenna connectors
  • 611a is a distance D (m) of the short loop antenna
  • 611b is an area S ( m ⁇ 2)
  • 612 are distances R (m) between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
  • the short loop antennas 600a and 600b face each other in the horizontal plane direction.
  • the conversion ratio is 1 :
  • the impedance component of the antenna viewed from the antenna connectors 606a and 606b is obtained by converting the resistance component to 50 ⁇ using the 16 impedance conversion transformers 603a and 603b and canceling the inductive reactance component by the impedance matching capacitors 604a and 604b. It shall be matched with the characteristic impedance of a commercially available coaxial cable.
  • the conduction current can be efficiently driven to the short loop antenna 600a connected to the transmitter, or the electromotive force can be efficiently output from the reception side short loop antenna 600b. Since a commercially available wireless communication device can be used as it is, an economic effect can be obtained.
  • the electromotive force emf generated between the output terminals of the receiving antenna 600b can be expressed by the following equation, where S is the area of the receiving antenna 600b and N is the number of turns.
  • I 1.58 A (corresponding to a transmission output of 10 W)
  • N 1 turn
  • D 0.5 m
  • S 0.25 m ⁇ 2
  • the ratio of the driving power PTx for driving the transmitting antenna 600a to the received power PRx output from the short loop antenna 600b on the receiving side, and hence the induced propagation loss PL of the magnetic wave signal, is the skin of the short loop antenna. If the series resistance including the effect is r, it can be expressed by the following equation.
  • N 1 turn
  • D 0.5 m
  • S 0.25 m
  • r 3 ⁇ (corresponding to a copper pipe diameter of 2 cm)
  • the expression (4) includes the loss of the impedance conversion transformers 603a and 603b, the calculation error of the induced magnetic field due to the finite distance Dm between the short loop antennas, and the increase in loss due to the radiation of electromagnetic waves. However, if these are included, an increase in loss is expected, so detailed examination is required for practical use.
  • the propagation loss of the magnetic wave signal expressed by the equation (4) the smaller the series resistance r including the skin effect, the larger the conduction current can be driven even if the driving power is the same.
  • the radiation efficiency of the magnetic wave signal can be increased.
  • the series resistance r is decreased, the Q value of the short loop antenna is increased and the frequency bandwidth is narrowed. Therefore, countermeasures described later are required.
  • the short loop antennas 600a and 600b and the primary side terminals of the impedance conversion transformers 603a and 603b are connected in series or in parallel, and the impedance matching capacitor 604a is connected to the secondary side terminal of the impedance conversion transformer.
  • 604b are connected in series or in parallel, and the short loop antenna, the impedance conversion transformer, the impedance matching capacitor, or a combination thereof is housed in the electric field fluctuation suppressing means, so that the electric field fluctuation is reduced.
  • An increase in loss due to radiation to the outside can be suppressed.
  • the same effect can be obtained by connecting the impedance matching capacitor to the short loop antenna directly or via an impedance conversion transformer in series or in parallel to form a resonance circuit. Further, a balanced circuit configuration is obtained by dispersing and connecting the impedance matching capacitors to the terminals on the secondary side of the impedance conversion transformer.
  • FIG. 3 shows a comparison diagram of propagation characteristics between the magnetic wave signal and the conventional electromagnetic wave signal in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal in the atmosphere represented by the equation (1) is compared with the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal in the atmosphere represented by the equation (4).
  • the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal in seawater represented by the equation (1) is compared with the propagation loss of the magnetic wave signal in the seawater represented by the equation (4), the propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave signal is 1 MHz band.
  • the propagation of magnetic wave signal attenuates moderately to 12 dB / oct as compared to about 100 dB / m in the case of seawater. Therefore, in seawater, the magnetic wave communication by propagation of the magnetic wave signal is more advantageous.
  • the propagation loss is moderate, and it has been confirmed by experiments that communication between medium distances is possible.
  • the antenna means is at least a magnetic wave antenna for efficiently radiating a magnetic wave signal from a driven conduction current or inducing an electromotive force efficiently from a received magnetic wave signal, the antenna means,
  • the transmission means, the reception means, or a combination thereof has at least electric field fluctuation suppression means for suppressing the generation of electric field fluctuations, or suppressing the electric field fluctuations from being accumulated inside with low loss and radiating to the outside.
  • magnetic field fluctuation generating means for efficiently radiating the magnetic wave signal to the outside, or magnetic field fluctuation receiving means for efficiently receiving the magnetic wave signal from the outside.
  • the electric field shields 601a and 601b when the opening surface of the short loop antenna is covered by the electric field shields 601a and 601b and the portions other than the opening surface of the short loop antenna are surrounded by the electromagnetic field shields 605a and 605b, the electric field fluctuation is low loss. Therefore, power loss due to electric field fluctuation radiation can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 4 shows a characteristic example of the magnetic wave antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the series resistance component for generating the electric field fluctuation increases rapidly.
  • the length of the short loop antenna is equal to or less than the branch point with respect to the frequency to be used, the generation of the electric field fluctuation is small and the magnetic field fluctuation can be efficiently radiated to the outside. The generation of the electric field fluctuation is increased, and the radiation efficiency of the magnetic field fluctuation is lowered.
  • the short loop antenna has a length of about 1/20 wavelength or less of the magnetic wave signal, or the energy for generating the electric field fluctuation is the same as the energy for generating the magnetic field fluctuation. If the length is such that the energy consumption required to generate the electric field fluctuation can be limited within a specified value, or if the energy loss due to the electric field fluctuation is limited to a predetermined value Thus, the magnetic field fluctuation can be efficiently radiated to the outside.
  • the electric field shield covers the short loop antenna so that the length of the short loop antenna is longer than the branch point. Energy loss due to fluctuations can be limited within a specified value, and magnetic field fluctuations can be efficiently radiated to the outside.
  • an electric field fluctuation suppression means by surrounding the impedance conversion transformer and the impedance matching capacitor part with an electromagnetic field shield, the radiation efficiency or reception efficiency of the magnetic wave antenna due to leakage of the electromagnetic wave signal from the part Can be prevented and radiation of the magnetic wave signal in an unnecessary direction can be suppressed. Further, by covering a part or all of the antenna means with the electric field shield, interference or interference with existing communication devices due to leakage of electromagnetic wave signals can be reduced, or interference due to electromagnetic wave signals from existing communication devices or Interference can be reduced.
  • the electric field shield is made of a non-magnetic material, and is a thin film having a thickness equivalent to or greater than the skin depth due to the skin effect of the magnetic wave signal, having a lattice shape, and a linear shape. It is net-like, punched metal-like, formed by sputtering, formed by plating, or a combination thereof. Further, it goes without saying that the radome of the antenna means needs to be reinforced with a pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant material or structure that can withstand the applied pressure in addition to the electric field shield. .
  • the short loop antenna of the first antenna means and the short loop antenna of the second antenna means are installed facing each other in the horizontal plane direction or the vertical plane direction of the short loop antenna.
  • a plurality of antennas are connected to one or both of the magnetic wave communication devices 21 and 22, and magnetic wave signals are transmitted and received while periodically switching using a switch, and are received corresponding to the plurality of antennas. By measuring the phase of the magnetic wave signal, the direction in which the magnetic wave communication device 21 or 22 is located can be detected with high accuracy.
  • a magnetic wave signal including a starting point signal is transmitted from the magnetic wave communication device 21, the starting point signal is reproduced from the magnetic wave signal received by the magnetic wave communication device 22, and is orthogonal to or synchronized with the reproduced starting point signal.
  • the measured distance measurement signal is transmitted at time-division timing, received by the magnetic wave communication device 21 to reproduce the distance measurement signal, and the phase difference from the distance measurement signal with reference to the origin signal transmitted from the own station By measuring the distance, the distance between the magnetic wave communication device 21 and the magnetic wave communication device 22 can be measured.
  • the magnetic wave signal transmitted from the magnetic wave communication device 21 is received by the magnetic wave communication device 22 at a short distance and using a directional antenna from the intensity of the received input voltage. The distance between the communication device 21 and the magnetic wave communication device 22 can be measured with high accuracy.
  • the magnetic wave communication devices 21 and 22, the antennas 213 and 223, or a combination thereof are installed in a plurality of moving bodies that move in the atmosphere, land, sea, seawater, or a combination thereof, By measuring the relative distance, direction, or both of multiple mobile units, and thus detecting the relative positional relationship, an optimal ubiquitous mobile network can be instantly configured according to the movement of the multiple mobile units can do. Further, since the antennas 213 and 223 connected to the magnetic wave communication devices 21 and 22 are installed on the hull or the like below the waterline of a ship or the like, the position or distance and direction of the surrounding ship can be detected at all times. The present invention can also be applied to an automatic monitoring device for avoiding a collision between each other.
  • an efficient communication system can be constructed by intermittently transmitting a short burst signal and performing time-division communication at the same frequency with the receiving means or both of the transmitting means.
  • the short loop antenna, the impedance conversion transformer, or both of them are made of a highly conductive material that can obtain a skin resistance less than a specified value and can drive the conduction current with a low loss within the specified value.
  • the value of the impedance matching capacitor can be switched according to the frequency of the magnetic wave signal, or can be automatically adjusted. is necessary.
  • secret communication using a spread spectrum communication system is performed by switching the impedance matching capacitor in synchronism with hopping the frequency of the conduction current driven from the transmission means and hopping the frequency. be able to.
  • the short loop antenna of the first antenna means is a plurality of turns or a large number of turns for miniaturization
  • the short loop antenna of the second antenna means is a single turn or a small number of turns to increase reception efficiency. The number of turns, or both of these are combinations of the numbers of turns.
  • the short loop antenna of the first antenna means is square or rectangular in order to efficiently radiate magnetic field fluctuations
  • the short loop antenna of the second antenna means is circular in order to efficiently induce electromotive force or It is oval or both are a combination of the above shapes.
  • the short loop antenna of the first antenna means, the short loop antenna of the second antenna means, or both of them are formed on the outer periphery of the magnetic body having a magnetic permeability of 1 or more, thereby reducing the size. Improvement of the radiation efficiency of the magnetic wave signal or both can be realized.
  • FIG. 5 shows another configuration diagram of the magnetic wave antenna used in the first embodiment of the present invention, in which 600-1 and 600-2 are circular short loop antennas, 601 is an electric field shield, and 602-1 and 602-2. Is the direction of the conduction current, 603-1 and 603-2 are impedance conversion transformers, 604-1 and 604-2 are impedance matching capacitors, and 606 is an antenna connector.
  • the circular short loop antennas 600-1 and 600-2 have a length in which the generation of electric field fluctuations is suppressed within a specified value, and the impedances are such that conduction currents 602-1 and 602-2 flow in the same direction. Conversion transformers 603-1 and 603-2 are connected, and the magnetic wave signals are added and radiated outward.
  • the capacitances of the impedance matching capacitors 604-1 and 604-2 are set to slightly different values from each other, and the series / parallel resonance frequencies of the short loop antennas 600-1 and 600-2 are slightly different. It is a value.
  • the degree of coupling between the short loop antennas 600-1 and 600-2 is moderately adjusted, the added magnetic wave signal exhibits a single-peak characteristic or a bi-modal characteristic. Radiates to the outside.
  • the electric field shield 601 is provided in common for the short loop antennas 600-1 and 600-2. However, the electric field shield 601 is provided in common with the short loop antennas 601-1 and 601-2. The amount of coupling is reduced, and even if they are relatively close to each other, an effect such as a midpoint between the single-peak characteristic and the double-peak characteristic, that is, a condition for coastal coupling can be obtained.
  • the impedance matching capacitor is provided in the electromagnetic field shield 601, and is directly connected to the short loop antenna without passing through the impedance conversion transformer, or is connected through the impedance conversion transformer, so that the electric field fluctuation is externally applied. This has the effect of suppressing radiation. The same effect can be obtained by connecting the impedance matching capacitors 604-1 and 604-2 in series with the short loop antennas 600-1 and 600-2.
  • the short loop antennas by providing a plurality of the short loop antennas and crossing each other at an angle, the amount of coupling can be reduced and a wide band can be realized, and an omnidirectional magnetic wave antenna can be realized.
  • the magnitude of the signal can be increased.
  • the short loop antenna is shortened and increased in number, coupled by an impedance conversion transformer, and arranged at an angle to each other, thereby reducing loss due to electric field fluctuations and radiating magnetic force. Since the magnitude of the wave signal can be increased, an omnidirectional magnetic wave antenna with good radiation efficiency can be realized.
  • the circular short loop antenna shown in FIG. 5 is used so that the vertical planes of the short loop antenna face each other, or both of them improve the induced propagation loss PL. Can do.
  • FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a magnetic wave communication device showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 23 is a magnetic wave detection device or magnetic wave radar device
  • 231a is a transmitter
  • 231b is a receiver
  • 232 is a control unit
  • 233a and 233b are directional magnetic wave antennas
  • 234 is a connection connector
  • 111 is seawater, for example.
  • the surface, 113a is a transmitted wave
  • 113b is a reflected wave.
  • the directional magnetic wave antenna 233b is connected to the transmitter 231b, and the directional magnetic wave antenna 233b is connected to the receiver 231a.
  • a magnetic wave signal is intermittently transmitted in burst form from the directional magnetic wave antenna 233a, propagates as a transmission wave 113a, reflects off the seabed or an obstacle, and propagates as a reflected wave 113b to propagate the directional magnetic wave. Received by the antenna 233b.
  • the propagation time required for transmitting the magnetic wave signal from the directional magnetic wave antenna 233a and receiving it by the directional magnetic wave antenna 233b is measured, or the propagation time and the direction in which the magnetic wave signal is reflected are determined. By measuring, the distance to the seabed or the obstacle can be measured, or the three-dimensional position of the obstacle can be determined from the measurement result of the distance and direction.
  • the propagation loss, propagation speed, and wavelength shortening rate are almost the same as when using a magnetic wave signal in the atmosphere, so the resolution and detection accuracy are almost equivalent to those in the atmosphere. Is obtained.
  • the propagation speed of the magnetic wave signal is much faster than ultrasonic waves, so the detection time and resolution when detecting obstacles in water or in seawater are dramatically improved. There is merit that can solve problems such as expansion.
  • the magnetic wave signal is highly reflected by a substance having a high magnetic permeability, it is highly effective in detecting a magnetic substance in water, seawater, or the ground.
  • the directional magnetic wave antenna is an array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements arranged in an array, and radiates a magnetic wave signal in the direction of a directional beam formed by the plurality of antenna elements with low loss. It is also possible to add a structure, configuration, or function for absorbing, attenuating, or reflecting the radiation of the magnetic wave signal in directions other than the direction of the directional beam.
  • the plurality of antenna elements constitute an active phased array antenna having amplitude control means, delay control means, combining / distributing means, or a combination thereof, and the direction of the directional beam of the active phased array antenna is changed. It is possible to scan in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, the vertical and horizontal directions, or any desired direction. Further, the antenna means emits a magnetic wave signal directed or scanned in a specific direction and receives a magnetic wave signal reflected from a reflecting object to constitute a depth measurement device, a detection device, a search device, or a radar device. be able to.
  • FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a magnetic wave antenna used in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 600 is a short loop antenna
  • 601 is an electric field shield
  • 605 is an electromagnetic field shield
  • 606 is an antenna connector
  • 607 is impedance matching means
  • 609 is leakage suppression means.
  • An electric field shield 601 is provided at least in front of the short loop antenna 600 in the vertical direction with respect to the horizontal plane to suppress the electric field fluctuation from being radiated
  • the electromagnetic field shield 605 is provided in the rearward and leftward directions of the vertical direction. Is provided to suppress emission of electric field fluctuations and magnetic field fluctuations.
  • the short loop antenna 600 is driven by a conduction current via an impedance matching means 607 or efficiently receives an electromotive force induced by the induction magnetic field, and efficiently transmits a magnetic wave signal toward the electric field shield.
  • the magnetic wave signal can be efficiently received from the direction of the electric field shield.
  • the impedance matching means 607 is composed of only an impedance matching capacitor when the series resistance of the short loop antenna 600 is the same as the impedance of the coaxial cable, and at other times, an impedance conversion transformer, an impedance matching capacitor, Consists of In addition, it is necessary to provide leakage suppression means 609 for suppressing at least leakage of electric field fluctuations to the joint surface between the electric field shield 601 and the electromagnetic field shield 605. Closely connected.
  • the impedance matching capacitor may be provided in the electromagnetic field shield 605 and directly connected in series with the short loop antenna 600 and without the impedance conversion transformer (not shown). Similar effects can be obtained.
  • the electromagnetic field shield includes a magnetic body having a permeability of 1 or more, protrudes inside the short loop antenna, and constitutes the short loop antenna on the outer peripheral portion of the protruding portion, thereby reducing the size and the magnetic wave.
  • the signal radiation efficiency can be increased.
  • FIG. 8 is another configuration diagram of the magnetic wave antenna used in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 600a to 600d are a plurality of short loop antennas
  • 601 is an electric field shield
  • 605 is an electromagnetic field shield
  • 606 is an antenna connector
  • 608 is impedance matching / phase shifting means
  • 609 is leakage suppression means.
  • the impedance is matched by the impedance matching / phase shifting means 608 and branched into four sets of signal outputs having a phase difference of 90 ° from each other.
  • the other short loop antennas 600a to 600d are connected to one terminal of the plurality of short loop antennas 600a to 600d arranged orthogonal to each other, and the other ends of the plurality of short loop antennas 600a to 600d are terminated to the electromagnetic field shield.
  • the magnetic field fluctuation caused by the conduction current becomes dominant in each short loop antenna.
  • the electric field fluctuation caused by the displacement current is negligible, and the magnetic field fluctuation is radiated toward the open surface in the horizontal plane direction of the plurality of short loop antennas while rotating the polarization plane, and the rotational polarization directional magnetic force A wave antenna is configured.
  • the electric field fluctuation is negligible, an efficient magnetic wave antenna can be realized without providing the electric field shield 601.
  • the electric field shield 601 is provided on the opening surface for radiating the magnetic field fluctuation to the outside, and the electric field fluctuation caused by the displacement current is confined, so that the energy of the electromagnetic wave signal is confined inside and the radiation to the outside is suppressed. By doing so, most of the electric power driven by the antenna can be directed to the generation of the magnetic field fluctuation and the radiation from the open surface.
  • one end of the short loop antennas 600a to 600d is not directly grounded to the electromagnetic field shield, and an impedance matching capacitor (not shown) is sealed inside the electromagnetic field shield. The same effect can be obtained by providing a ground and connecting each of the short loop antennas in series with one end of the short loop antenna.
  • the electromagnetic field shield includes a magnetic body having a permeability of 1 or more, protrudes inside the short loop antenna, and configures the short loop antenna on the outer periphery of the protruding portion, thereby reducing the size and the magnetic force.
  • the radiation efficiency of the wave signal can be increased.
  • a slot antenna, a helical antenna, a spiral antenna, a spiral antenna, or the like can be used by providing an electric field shield.
  • the plurality of short loop antennas can be inclined in a conical shape and driving them with different phases, it is possible to realize a polarized magnetic field directional antenna having a wide directional beam width, or to incline in an inverted conical shape. By arranging it, a polarized magnetic field directional antenna with a narrow directional beam width can be realized.
  • the impedance matching capacitor can be omitted from the impedance matching means.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal is propagated in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss, in fresh water or seawater with a salinity of 0% to 10%, or in a combination thereof, and using analog wave propagation, an analog Broadband and high-speed communication is possible such as communication, digital communication, voice communication using spread spectrum code, data communication, or image communication.
  • an analog Broadband and high-speed communication is possible such as communication, digital communication, voice communication using spread spectrum code, data communication, or image communication.
  • the advanced technology related to wireless communication for use in the atmosphere is antenna means. It is possible to use it seamlessly between the atmosphere and seawater just by replacing it.
  • the substance examples include substances having a large relative dielectric constant such as ice, snow, underground, or the like other than fresh water or salt water having a salinity of about 0% to 10% This applies to substances with large propagation loss.
  • the antenna means can cope with a high-frequency and wide-band magnetic wave signal, it can be applied to spread spectrum communication, and the salinity concentration is 0% to 10% in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of an electromagnetic wave signal in the atmosphere. The effect of being able to construct a magnetic wave communication line with high secrecy and reliability in fresh water or seawater, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna means covered by the electric field shield it is possible to perform communication between the medium distances without performing readjustment of the resonance frequency of the antenna means in all areas such as seawater, freshwater, or the atmosphere. Can be done. Besides being used for preventing collision of ships, it can be widely applied to biotelemetry in seawater, such as being used for solid management in tuna ponds and the like. In addition, by applying to a fish finder, a seafloor finder, a metal detector, or the like, where ultrasonic waves have been used exclusively, detection with high accuracy becomes possible.
  • audio information, large-capacity digital information, image information, or multimedia information can be transmitted by the magnetic wave signal.
  • magnetic wave propagation propagation due to magnetic field fluctuations in fresh water or seawater
  • magnetic wave propagation it can also be referred to as magnetic wave propagation, corresponding to the propagation of electromagnetic waves as radio wave propagation.
  • a system for monitoring crustal movement of the seabed can be constructed by discretely installing a plurality of sets of transmitting / receiving means and antenna means on the seabed and configuring an ad hoc network.
  • the antenna means, the transmitting means, the receiving means, or a combination thereof constitutes a plurality of mobile stations, fixed stations, relay stations, or a combination thereof, and at least a wide area in which the atmosphere and seawater can be seamlessly connected
  • a communication network can be constructed.
  • the relay station is installed close to the seawater surface, transmits and receives electromagnetic wave signals toward the atmosphere, or both, and transmits and receives magnetic wave signals toward the seawater. Or both.
  • the fixed station, the relay station, or both of them install a plurality of antenna means with a directional beam directed in a plurality of directions and periodically switch a magnetic wave signal using an antenna switch, or a burst signal or
  • An omni-directional communication network can be constructed by intermittently transmitting or receiving packet signals and communicating with mobile stations, other fixed stations, or other relay stations that are distributed over a wide area. it can.
  • the present invention is configured as described above, in the air, in a substance having a relatively large propagation loss of electromagnetic wave signals, in fresh water or seawater having a salinity of 0% to 10%, or a combination thereof.
  • a magnetic wave communication device that enables communication between medium distances can be realized at low cost, and communication that corresponds to commercially available electromagnetic wave signals By replacing the antenna portion of the device, it can be used as it is as a magnetic wave signal device, so that it has a high practical value.
  • broadband wide-range communication systems in the air, fresh water or seawater, or a combination of these, broadband wide-range communication systems, ship collision prevention systems, biotelemetry, position detection systems such as divers, sensing networks, RFID tag devices, submarine boats or It can be widely applied to a wide range of fields such as a communication device with a submarine robot, a search device for a water refugee or a victim, a sounding device, a fish finder, a submarine finder, a metal detector, or a radar device.
  • the frequency of the conduction current driven from the transmission means is hopped, and the impedance matching capacitor is switched in synchronization with the hopping of the frequency.
  • the antenna means of the present invention it is possible to obtain a merit that communication can be performed over a medium distance in outer space, in the air, in fresh water or in seawater, or a combination thereof.
  • the seamless and broadband environment between the ground and outer space can be extended to seawater, which has been impossible until now.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne de réception d'ondes magnétiques de faible coût et un dispositif de communication par ondes magnétiques qui réalisent une communication par ondes magnétiques sur des distances intermédiaires à l'aide de signaux d'ondes magnétiques dans l'air, dans des substances ayant une perte de transmission de signaux d'ondes magnétiques comparativement importante, dans l'eau douce ou l'eau de mer avec une concentration saline de 0% à 10%, ou dans une combinaison de celles-ci. Un signal d'ondes magnétiques à des fréquences de 1 kHz ou plus et avec une bande passante comparativement importante est transmis dans l'air ou dans l'eau de mer à partir d'une antenne de réception d'ondes magnétiques (213) connectée à un dispositif de communication par ondes magnétiques (21), et le signal d'ondes magnétiques transmis est reçu par une antenne de réception d'ondes magnétiques (223) connectée à un dispositif de communication par ondes magnétiques (22). Étant donné que le signal d'ondes magnétiques susmentionné se propage sur des distances intermédiaires de quelques dizaines de mètres à des dizaines de kilomètres dans l'atmosphère et dans l'eau de mer avec une perte comparativement faible, le signal d'ondes magnétiques susmentionné peut être transmis et reçu directement entre l'antenne de réception d'ondes magnétiques (213) et l'antenne de réception d'ondes magnétiques (223) sans rupture à travers l'atmosphère et l'eau de mer.
PCT/JP2011/061028 2010-05-15 2011-05-13 Antenne de réception d'ondes magnétiques et dispositif de communication par ondes magnétiques WO2011145515A1 (fr)

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CN108390697A (zh) * 2018-05-16 2018-08-10 德州尧鼎光电科技有限公司 一种仿生复眼天线磁波海下通讯装置
WO2019187607A1 (fr) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-03 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Dispositif de communication sous-marin et système de communication sous-marin
JP2019220983A (ja) * 2019-08-30 2019-12-26 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 水中通信装置及び水中通信システム
GB2579400A (en) * 2018-11-30 2020-06-24 Suunto Oy Antenna assembly for a wrist worn device
CN114725661A (zh) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-08 青岛君戎华讯太赫兹科技有限公司 一种海水隐形自适应天线系统及天线自动调节系统
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JP2019220983A (ja) * 2019-08-30 2019-12-26 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 水中通信装置及び水中通信システム
CN114725661A (zh) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-08 青岛君戎华讯太赫兹科技有限公司 一种海水隐形自适应天线系统及天线自动调节系统

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