WO2011144012A1 - 一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒及其制备方法和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒及其制备方法和使用方法 Download PDF

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WO2011144012A1
WO2011144012A1 PCT/CN2011/074138 CN2011074138W WO2011144012A1 WO 2011144012 A1 WO2011144012 A1 WO 2011144012A1 CN 2011074138 W CN2011074138 W CN 2011074138W WO 2011144012 A1 WO2011144012 A1 WO 2011144012A1
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microspheres
immunofluorescent
magnetic
immunomagnetic
kit according
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PCT/CN2011/074138
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李莉
府寿宽
府宇雷
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上海医脉赛科技有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54313Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
    • G01N33/54326Magnetic particles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/569Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/58Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
    • G01N33/582Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic fluorescent kit for rapidly detecting microorganisms, a preparation method thereof and a using method thereof, and particularly relates to a magnetic fluorescent reagent kit having enrichment, specific and rapid quantitative detection of microorganisms causing infectious diseases, Preparation and use methods.
  • Rapid detection of microorganisms is a rapidly evolving field in the application of microbiology. Whether it is the control and treatment of infectious diseases, or the monitoring and management of food safety, rapid detection methods for pathogens are urgently needed.
  • the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria mainly uses microbiology, chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and immunology to separate, detect, identify and count pathogenic bacteria.
  • the immunomagnetic separation method is to couple a specific antibody to the surface of the magnetic particle, and specifically bind to the pathogenic microorganism in the sample, and the magnetic particle carrying the pathogenic microorganism aggregates toward the magnetic pole under the action of an external magnetic field. And gather on the inner wall of the container, later remove the sample liquid, sprinkle the magnetic field, collect the magnetic microspheres, and dissociate the microorganisms from the magnetic microspheres.
  • This method can make the pathogenic microorganisms not only from a variety of samples, Separation is obtained in soil samples, food samples, and clinical samples, and is also concentrated and enriched.
  • Immunomagnetic separation technology separates Salmonella from milk and dairy products, meat and vegetables with a detection limit of 1 X 10 2 bacteria per gram.
  • Seo et al. combined fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) with immunomagnetic separation to determine low concentrations of E. coli inoculated in beef, apple juice and raw milk, and only 4 E. coli per gram of beef was detected. It can be seen that the combination of immunomagnetic separation technology and other test methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), and electrochemiluminescence (ECL), can be multiplied several times. Separation efficiency and detection limit.
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • FSA fluorescence immunoassay
  • ECL electrochemiluminescence
  • Fluorescent microspheres are functional microspheres carrying fluorescent molecules. They are widely used in many fields due to their enrichment of molecules capable of emitting fluorescence in a single microsphere. Fluorescent microspheres that currently bind to specific antibodies have been used to label and recognize a variety of antigens, including polysaccharides, proteins, cells, and the like. The detected fluorescence intensity is linearly related to the concentration of the analyte, thereby achieving qualitative and quantitative detection of the antigen to be tested.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a magnetic fluorescent reagent kit for rapidly detecting microorganisms, which solves many shortcomings of the existing microorganism detecting kit.
  • the invention is applicable to hospital diagnosis, food hygiene inspection, or research use by scientific research institutions.
  • One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to disclose a magnetic fluorescent reagent kit for rapidly detecting microorganisms.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the magnetic fluorescent kit.
  • the third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method of using the magnetic fluorescent kit.
  • the fluorescent microspheres are excited by external energy stimulating energy because the surface of the microspheres is marked with a fluorescent substance or a microsphere containing a fluorescent substance in the microsphere structure.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres have relatively stable morphological structure and luminescence behavior, and are much less affected by external conditions such as solvent, heat, electricity and magnetism than pure fluorescent compounds.
  • Fluorescent molecules or luminescent materials are coated or connected through a polymer layer or a silica shell material, and the surface is coupled with a targeting biomolecule to form a targeted fluorescent nanoparticle; a fluorescent dye-stained nano microsphere is prepared.
  • the formation of immunomagnetic microspheres can combine thousands of fluorescent nanoparticles with the surface antigen of a microorganism.
  • the detection of the amplification effect can achieve ultra-high sensitivity detection of microorganisms.
  • the immunomagnetic microspheres have the characteristics of paramagnetic and high molecular particles in a magnetic field.
  • the paramagnetic nature of the immunomagnetic microspheres makes the solid-liquid separation easier, eliminating the need for complicated traditional operations such as filtration.
  • the immunomagnetic microspheres have small particles, large specific surface area, large coupling capacity with other substances, and good suspension stability. The antigen-antibody coupling reaction proceeds smoothly.
  • the microorganism in the sample to be tested can simultaneously combine with the immunomagnetic microspheres coated with the microorganism-specific antibody and the immunofluorescent microspheres to form a new complex.
  • the complex can be retained and separated from other components. After enrichment, the complex can be detected by fluorescence detection for microscopic morphology or fluorescence intensity, and the number of fluorescent dots and fluorescence intensity. It is related to the amount of microorganisms in the sample. Immune magnetic separation is simple and easy, and the immunomagnetic bead separation technology can be used to accurately and rapidly separate microorganisms in the sample.
  • the invention adopts the enrichment effect of the immunomagnetic microspheres on the sample, and combines the sensitive and quantitative detection effect of the immunofluorescent microspheres, and can simultaneously and efficiently separate the microorganisms in the sample and the immunofluorescent microspheres specifically binding with the microorganisms, and pass the detection. Fluorescence intensity, rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of microorganisms. This is important for food hygiene, disease prevention and treatment.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
  • a magnetic fluorescent kit for rapidly detecting microorganisms includes The following components:
  • the immunomagnetic microspheres are magnetic responsive nanospheres having a particle diameter of 20-150 nm and a magnetic response time of less than 30 min.
  • the preferred magnetic responsiveness time of the immunomagnetic microspheres is less than 10 min.
  • the preferred magnetic responsiveness time of the immunomagnetic microspheres is less than 3 min.
  • the immunomagnetic microspheres are superparamagnetic nanospheres, and the magnetic materials are iron, cobalt, nickel and alloy nanoparticles thereof, including Fe 3 0 4 , Fe 2 0 4 , Fe x Pt y , Co x Pt y , MnFe x 0 y , CoFe x 0 y , NiFe x 0 y , CuFe x 0 y , ZnFe x 0 y , and CdFe x 0 y , wherein x and y are 1 - 6.
  • the immunomagnetic microspheres have a core-shell structure of magnetic polymer composite microspheres, and the polymer material comprises polystyrene, silica, or the like.
  • the immunomagnetic microspheres are preferably magnetic silica composite microspheres having a surface functionalized core-shell structure.
  • the immunomagnetic microspheres are preferably functionalized hydrophilic magnetic microspheres that bind to a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody that specifically binds to the microorganism.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres are nanospheres capable of emitting fluorescence, and have a particle diameter of 10-150 nm. Further, the preferred microspheres of the immunofluorescent microspheres have a particle diameter of 5 to 50 nm.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres include an inorganic fluorescent material, an organic fluorescent material, and a quantum dot luminescent material.
  • the fluorescent material includes compounds such as fluorescein, rhodamine, and o-phthalaldehyde, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (F1TC), rhodamine, and the like.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres are covalently bound to the nanospheres using a fluorescent material.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres are embedded in the interior of the nanospheres with a fluorescent material.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres are polymer composite microspheres containing a fluorescent substance, and the polymer material comprises polystyrene and silica.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres preferably have surface functionalized silica composite microspheres.
  • a method for preparing a magnetic fluorescent kit for rapidly detecting microorganisms comprising the following steps:
  • the magnetic nanospheres are coupled with the microbial antigen-specific antibody by a bifunctional coupling reagent, magnetically separated, fully washed, and then added with a buffer solution containing a protective agent and a dispersing agent, and lyophilized to obtain a magnetic nanoparticle coupled with the antibody. ball;
  • the fluorescent nanospheres are coupled with a microbial antigen-specific antibody by a bifunctional coupling reagent, and the unbound antibody is separated by centrifugation or ultrafiltration, and a buffer solution containing a protective agent and a dispersing agent is added, and lyophilized to obtain a coupled antibody.
  • Fluorescent nanospheres As a third aspect of the present invention, a method for rapidly detecting a microbial magnetic fluorescent kit, which converts detection of a microbial signal into detection of fluorescence intensity, the operation steps are as follows:
  • the surface of the identified microorganism has a surface antigenic determinant combined with the immunomagnetic microsphere and the immunofluorescent microsphere simultaneously Therefore, the micromagnetic surface uniformly distributes the immunomagnetic microspheres and the immunofluorescent microspheres;
  • the ratio of the immunomagnetic microspheres and the immunofluorescent microspheres is 1 ⁇ 2: l ⁇ 2o
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
  • the method Compared with the current conventional pathogen detection methods, such as bacterial culture, immuno-ELISA and PCR amplification methods, the method has rapid enrichment of microorganisms, is convenient to use, high in accuracy, high in sensitivity, and low in false positives. , low equipment requirements, can be widely used in infectious disease detection, disease prevention and treatment, food safety and other fields.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention. detailed description
  • the immunomagnetic microspheres have a core-shell structure of magnetic polymer composite microspheres, and the polymer material comprises polystyrene, silica, preferably a magnetic silica composite microsphere having a surface functionalized core-shell structure.
  • the polymer material comprises polystyrene, silica, preferably a magnetic silica composite microsphere having a surface functionalized core-shell structure.
  • the washed ferroferric oxide slurry is stirred and dispersed in 400 ml of sodium citrate solution (0.2 M), then separated by a magnet and washed with deionized water for 3-5 times, and finally the obtained triiron tetroxide is dispersed in
  • the magnetic fluid having a solid content of about 2.0% by weight is prepared in 200 ml of deionized water.
  • a 500 ml three-necked flask add 5.0 g of the prepared magnetic fluid, and dilute with 40 mL of deionized water and 200 ml of absolute ethanol, then add 5 ml of concentrated aqueous ammonia under high-speed stirring, and add 4 ml of orthosilicate.
  • the mixture was stirred for 6 h, and then 0.5 ml of triethoxyaminopropylsilane (APS) was added to the system, and the reaction was continued for 12 h. After the reaction, the cells were washed by centrifugation.
  • the prepared immunomagnetic microspheres had a particle diameter of 80-90 nm, a magnetic saturation strength of 8. 0 emu/g, and an immunomagnetic microsphere with a magnetic responsiveness time of less than 3 min.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres are covalently bound to the nanospheres using a fluorescent material. Usually, the immunofluorescent microspheres are embedded in the interior of the nanospheres using a fluorescent material.
  • the immunofluorescent microspheres are polymer composite microspheres containing a fluorescent material, and the polymer material comprises polystyrene, silica, preferably having surface-functionalized silica composite microspheres.
  • 0. 0356 g of fluorescein FITC was dissolved in 10 ml of absolute ethanol, and then 0. 0183 g of triethoxyaminopropylsilane (APS) was added, and the mixture was stirred in the dark.
  • a silicon germanium coupling agent bonded to the fluorescent molecule FITC was obtained.
  • 5 ml of deionized water and 250 ml of absolute ethanol were added, and then 8.5 ml of concentrated aqueous ammonia was added under high-speed stirring, and 7. 5 ml of orthosilicate was added, and stirring was maintained for 4 hours.
  • 2 ml of the silicon ruthenium coupling agent of the above-prepared fluorescent compound fluorescein isothiocyanate (F1TC) was added, and 5 ml of tetraethyl orthosilicate was further added to the system, and the reaction was further carried out for 12 hours. 0.
  • the magnetic separation microspheres are thoroughly washed with a phosphate buffer solution. After magnetic separation, the supernatant is discarded to remove unreacted glutaraldehyde.
  • the activated amino magnetic microspheres were placed in 4 ml of phosphate buffer, and 2 ml of a phosphate buffer solution containing anti-Salmonella surface lipopolysaccharide antibody (10 mg/ml) was added thereto, shaken, and reacted at 37 ° C for 6 hours.
  • the activated amino fluorescent microspheres were placed in 4 ml of phosphate buffer, and 2 ml of a phosphate buffer solution containing anti-Salmonella surface lipopolysaccharide antibody (10 mg/ml) was added thereto, shaken, and reacted at 37 ° C for 6 hours.
  • Salmonella was inoculated into the medium, shaken overnight at 37 ° C, and the bacteria were counted.
  • Salmonella was inoculated into the medium, shaken overnight at 37 ° C, and the bacteria were counted.

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Description

一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒及其制备方法和使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒及其制备方法和使用 方法, 具体涉及一种具有富集作用、 可特异性、 快速定量检测导致感染性疾病 的微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒组成、 制备及使用方法。
说 背景技术
微生物的快速检测方法是应用微生物学中一个迅速发展的领域, 无论是对 感染性疾病的控制和治疗, 还是食品安全的监测和管理, 都迫切需要快速的致 病菌检测方法。 目前对致病菌决速检测主要采用微生物学、 化学、 生物化学、 分子生物学、 免疫学的方法对致病菌进行分离、 检测、 鉴定和计数。 目前这些致病菌检测方 法仍存在局限性, 到目前为止, 还没有一种方法能简便地从多种生物样本中分 离富集致病菌; 进而, 适时的回答出以下两个问题: 1、 有没有特定的致病菌, 如威胁食品安全的沙门氏菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌等, 及严重威胁人类生命质量的 结核分枝杆菌、 肺炎链球菌 (定性的检查) ; 2、 如果有, 有多少? (定量的检 测) 这对于确定致病菌及采用相应治疗方法至关重要。 免疫磁性分离方法, 是将特异性抗体偶联在磁性颗粒表面, 与样品中被检 致病微生物发生特异性结合, 载有致病微生物的磁性颗粒在外加磁场的作用下, 向磁极方向聚集, 并聚集在容器的内壁, 稍后将标本液体移出, 撒去磁场, 收 集磁性微球, 可以将微生物从磁性微球上解离下来, 这种方法可使致病微生物 不但得以从多种样品, 如土壤样品、 食物样品、 临床样本中得到分离, 而且也 得到浓缩富集。 免疫磁性分离技术从乳及乳制品、 肉类和蔬菜中分离出沙门氏菌, 其检测 限为每克 1 X 102 个细菌。 Seo 等将荧光免疫分析(FIA) 与免疫磁性分离结合, 测定接种于牛肉、 苹果汁和生牛奶中的低浓度大肠杆菌, 每克牛肉中仅有 4个 大肠杆菌即可被检出。 可见将免疫磁性分离技术和其它检验方法, 如酶联免疫 吸附分析 (ELISA), 多聚酶链式反应 (PCR), 荧光免疫分析 (FIA), 电子化学 发光 (ECL) 相结合, 可以数倍地提高分离效率和检测极限。 而目前在微生物检 测中, 所有与免疫磁性分离相结合的鉴定和检测方法均包括后续生物化学、 分 子生物学、 免疫学的检查方法, 操作繁琐, 设备条件要求高, 应用前景不容乐 观。 荧光微球是一种载有荧光分子的功能性微球, 由于其在单个微球中富集了 能够发射荧光的分子, 在许多领域具有广泛的应用前景。 目前结合特异性抗体 的荧光微球已用于标记和识别各种抗原, 包括多糖、 蛋白质、 细胞等。 所检测 的荧光强度则与待测物浓度线性相关, 从而实现待测抗原的定性及定量检测。 该方法最突出的优点是可以在同一体系中同时进行多标靶分析, 特异性强, 可 实现快速诊断。 因此利用磁性纳米微球的富集作用和荧光微球的定性定量等现代纳米技 术,结合现代生物检测方法寻找一种简单有效的方法快速富集各种微生物,并 特异性、 快速定性、 定量检测微生物是本发明需要解决的主要内容。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试 剂盒, 以解决现有微生物检测试剂盒所存在的诸多不足之处。 该发明适用于医 院诊断, 食品卫生部门检验, 或者科研机构研究使用。
本发明需要解决的技术问题之一是公开一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试 剂盒。
本发明需要解决的技术问题之二是提供该磁性荧光试剂盒的制备方法。 本发明需要解决的技术问题之三是提供该磁性荧光试剂盒的使用方法。 本发明的原理, 参见图 1 :
荧光微球由于微球的表面标有荧光物质或微球体内结构含有荧光物质的微 球, 受到外界能量剌激能激发出荧光。 近年来, 人们已经能够制备各种各样的 粒径从纳米级到亚微米级的荧光微球。 免疫荧光微球有比较稳定的形态结构及 发光行为, 受溶剂、 热、 电、 磁等外界条件的影响比纯荧光化合物小很多。 将 荧光分子或发光材料通过高分子层或二氧化硅壳材料包裹或连接, 表面再偶联 靶向生物分子, 则可形成具有靶向性的荧光纳米粒子; 制备了荧光染料染色的 纳米微球, 通过特定的化学修饰, 形成免疫磁性微球, 可以使数千个荧光纳米 粒子与一个微生物的表面抗原结合, 这种放大效应的检测可实现对微生物的超 高灵敏检测。 免疫磁性微球在磁场中具有顺磁性和高分子粒子的特性。 免疫磁性微球的 顺磁性使固液分离更加简便, 可省去过滤等繁杂的传统操作; 而且免疫磁性微 球颗粒小, 比表面积大, 与其它物质偶联容量大, 悬浮稳定性好, 有利于抗原 抗体偶联反应顺利地进行。 将待测样品和免疫磁性微球和免疫荧光微球混合时, 待测样品中微生物可同时与包被有微生物特异性抗体的免疫磁性微球和免疫荧 光微球结合形成新的复合物。 通过磁场时, 进行磁性分选, 该复合物可被滞留, 与其它组分相分离, 对经过富集后复合物可通过荧光检测进行微生物形态观测 或荧光强度测定, 其荧光点数量及荧光强度与样品中微生物的数量相关。 免疫 磁性分离简便易行, 免疫磁珠分离技术用在微生物检测方面能准确快速分离出 出样品中的微生物。 本发明通过免疫磁性微球对样本的富集作用, 结合免疫荧光微球灵敏的定 量的检测效果, 可同时高效的分离出样品中的微生物及与微生物特异性结合的 免疫荧光微球, 通过检测荧光强度, 快速对微生物进行定性、 定量分析。 这对 于食品卫生、 疾病预防和治疗的具有重要的意义。 本发明所需要解决的技术问题, 可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
作为本发明的第一方面, 一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒, 包括以 下组成成分:
1 ) 与待测微生物特异性结合的免疫磁性微球;
2 ) 与待测微生物特异性结合的免疫荧光微球。
进一歩, 所述免疫磁性微球为具有磁响应性的纳米微球, 其粒径为 20-150nm , 磁响应时间小于 30min。
所述免疫磁性微球的优选磁响应性时间小于 10min。
所述免疫磁性微球的优选磁响应性时间小于 3min。
进一歩, 所述免疫磁性微球为超顺磁性纳米微球, 磁性材料为铁、 钴、 镍 及其合金纳米粒子,包括 Fe304, Fe204, FexPty, CoxPty, MnFex0y, CoFex0y, NiFex0y, CuFex0y, ZnFex0y, and CdFex0y, 其中 x禾口 y为 1 - 6。
所述免疫磁性微球具有核壳结构的磁性聚合物复合微球,聚合物材料包括 聚苯乙烯、 二氧化硅等。
所述免疫磁性微球优选为具有表面功能化核壳结构的磁性二氧化硅复合 微球。
所述免疫磁性微球优选为功能化亲水性磁性微球,表面结合与微生物特异 性结合的单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体。
进一歩,所述免疫荧光微球为能发射荧光的纳米微球,其粒径为 10-150nm。 进一歩, 所述的免疫荧光微球的优选微球粒径为 5- 50nm。
所述免疫荧光微球包括无机荧光材料、 有机荧光材料及量子点发光材料。 所述荧光材料包括荧光素类、 罗丹明类、 邻苯二甲醛类等化合物, 如异硫 氰酸荧光素 (F1TC)、 罗丹明等。
所述免疫荧光微球采用荧光材料与纳米微球共价结合。
所述免疫荧光微球采用荧光材料包埋于纳米微球内部。
所述免疫荧光微球为含荧光物质的聚合物复合微球,聚合物材料包括聚苯 乙烯、 二氧化硅。
所述免疫荧光微球优选为具有表面功能化二氧化硅复合微球。 作为本发明的第二方面,一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒的制备方 法, 其特征在于, 包括如下歩骤:
( 1 ) 免疫磁性微球的制备: 通过双功能偶联试剂将磁性纳米微球与微生物抗原特异性抗体偶联,磁分 离, 充分洗涤后, 加入含保护剂及分散剂的缓冲溶液, 冷冻干燥后制得偶联抗 体的磁性纳米微球;
(2) 免疫荧光微球的制备:
通过双功能偶联试剂将荧光纳米微球与微生物抗原特异性抗体偶联, 离心 或超滤透析分离未结合的抗体, 加入含保护剂及分散剂的缓冲溶液, 冷冻干燥 后制得偶联抗体的荧光纳米微球。 作为本发明的第三方面,一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒的使用方 法,该试剂盒将对微生物信号的检测转化为对荧光强度的检测,其操作歩骤为:
( 1 )将待测样品、 免疫磁性微球冻干粉及免疫荧光微球加入缓冲溶液中; ( 2 ) 所鉴定微生物表面具有同时与免疫磁性微球及免疫荧光微球相结合 表面抗原决定簇; 故微生物表面均匀分布免疫磁性微球和免疫荧光微球;
(3) 通过磁性分离免疫磁性微球富集与之结合的微生物;
(4) 通过测定与所分离、 富集的微生物相结合的免疫荧光微球的荧光强 度对微生物作出定性及定量的判断。
进一歩, 免疫磁性微球和免疫荧光微球比例为 1~2: l~2o 本发明的有益效果:
与目前常规的致病菌检测方法相比, 如细菌培养、 免疫 ELISA法及 PCR扩 增方法, 相比较, 该方法具有快速富集微生物、 使用方便、 准确度高、 敏感度 高、 假阳性低、 设备要求低等特点, 可广泛应用于传染病检测、 疾病预防及治 疗、 食品安全等领域。 附图说明
以下结合附图和具体实施方式来进一歩说明本发明。
图 1为本发明的原理示意图。 具体实施方式
为了使本发明的技术手段、 创作特征、 达成目的与功效易于明白了解, 下 面结合具体图示, 进一歩阐述本发明。
实施例 1 含氨基基团的纳米磁性微球的制备
免疫磁性微球具有核壳结构的磁性聚合物复合微球, 聚合物材料包括聚苯 乙烯、 二氧化硅, 优选为具有表面功能化核壳结构的磁性二氧化硅复合微球。 在 500ml三颈瓶中, 加入 5. 0 g经过去离子水洗涤过的四氧化三铁粉末, 加入 200ml的去离子水, 在 600 rpm转速下搅拌分散后, 加入 100ml硝酸溶液 (3. 0 M) , 室温下搅拌 10分钟。 然后用磁铁分离并用去离子水洗涤 3-5次。 将 洗涤后的四氧化三铁泥浆搅拌分散在 400ml的柠檬酸钠溶液中 (0. 2 M) , 接着 用磁铁分离并用去离子水洗涤 3-5次, 最后所得到的四氧化三铁分散在 200ml 去离子水中, 制备固含量约为 2. 0 wt%的磁流体。 在一个 500ml的三颈瓶中, 加入 5. 0 g事先制备好的磁流体, 并用 40mL 去离子水和 200ml无水乙醇稀释, 然后在高速搅拌下加入 5ml的浓氨水, 加入 4ml的正硅酸乙酯, 维持搅拌 6 h后, 再向此体系中加入 0. 5ml的三乙氧基氨 丙基硅垸 (APS) , 继续反应 12 h。 反应结束后离心洗涤, 所制备的免疫磁性微 球的粒径为 80-90 nm, 磁饱和强度为 8. 0 emu/g, 免疫磁性微球的磁响应性时 间小于 3min。 实施例 2 含氨基基团的纳米荧光微球的制备
免疫荧光微球采用荧光材料与纳米微球共价结合。通常免疫荧光微球采用 荧光材料包埋于纳米微球内部。 免疫荧光微球为含荧光材料的聚合物复合微 球, 聚合物材料包括聚苯乙烯、 二氧化硅, 优选为具有表面功能化二氧化硅复 合微球。 在一个 25ml的单颈圆底烧瓶中, 用 10ml的无水乙醇溶解 0. 0356 g的荧 光素 FITC, 然后加入 0. 0183 g的三乙氧基氨丙基硅垸 (APS) , 避光搅拌反应 48 h, 制得键合荧光分子 FITC的硅垸偶联剂。 在一个 500ml的三颈瓶中, 加入 5ml去离子水和 250ml无水乙醇, 然后在 高速搅拌下加入 8. 5ml的浓氨水,加入 7. 5ml的正硅酸乙酯,维持搅拌 4 h后, 加入 2ml上述制备的键合荧光分子异硫氰酸荧光素 (F1TC)的硅垸偶联剂, 同 时再向此体系中加入 5ml的正硅酸乙酯,反应 12 h后再向此体系中加入 0. 5ml 的三乙氧基氨丙基硅垸 (APS) , 继续搅拌反应 12 h。 反应结束后离心洗涤, 所 制备的荧光微球的粒径为 60-70 nm。
实施例 抗沙门氏菌表面脂多糖的免疫磁性微球的制备
1、 取大约 25mg的上述制备的氨基磁性微球于 5ml含 5 %戊二醛的磷酸盐缓冲液
(PH7. 4) 中, 混合振荡, 室温反应 3
2、 磁分离微球, 用磷酸盐缓冲液溶液充分洗涤, 磁分离后, 弃上清液, 除去未 反应的戊二醛。
3、 将活化后氨基磁性微球置于 4ml磷酸盐缓冲液中, 加入 2ml含抗沙门氏菌表面 脂多糖抗体 (10mg/ml ) 的磷酸盐缓冲液溶液, 振荡, 37°C反应 6 h。
4、 磁分离微球, 用磷酸盐缓冲液溶液充分洗涤, 磁分离后, 弃上清液, 除去未 反应的偶联的抗体, 制得抗体偶联的抗沙门氏菌-免疫磁性微球。 实施例 抗沙门氏菌表面脂多糖免疫荧光微球的制备
1、 取大约 25mg的上述制备的氨基荧光微球于 5ml含 5 %戊二醛的磷酸盐缓冲液
(PH7. 4) 中, 混合振荡, 室温反应 3
2、 离心分离微球, 用磷酸盐缓冲液溶液充分洗涤, 离心后, 弃上清液。
3、 将活化后氨基荧光微球置于 4ml磷酸盐缓冲液中, 加入 2ml含抗沙门氏菌表面 脂多糖抗体 (10mg/ml ) 的磷酸盐缓冲液溶液, 振荡, 37°C反应 6 h。
4、 离心分离免疫荧光微球, 用磷酸盐缓冲液溶液充分洗涤, 离心, 弃上清液, 制得抗体偶联的抗沙门氏菌-免疫荧光微球。 实施例 荧光显微镜检测沙门氏菌
1、 将沙门氏菌接种于培养基中, 37°C振荡过夜, 细菌计数。
2、 取 103个沙门氏菌、 10mg免疫磁性微球冻干粉及 10mg免疫荧光微球冻干粉 加入 10ml孵育缓冲液(10 mM的磷酸盐缓冲液, 11值7. 4, 0. 05 %吐温 20), 室温温和摇荡 5min。
3、 磁性分离磁性微球, 弃上清液。
4、 用 5ml孵育缓冲液洗涤三次, 磁分离, 去除所有未结合的抗沙门氏菌 -免疫 荧光微球。
5、 撤去磁场, 将所得样品悬于少量孵育缓冲液中。
6、 通过荧光显微镜观察沙门氏菌表面吸附的荧光微球所形成的荧光点, 并进 行细菌计数。 实施例 6 荧光强度定量检测沙门氏菌
1、 将沙门氏菌接种于培养基中, 37°C振荡过夜, 细菌计数。
2、 取不同细菌数的沙门氏菌、加入 10ml含抗沙门氏菌表面脂多糖的免疫磁性 微球和免疫荧光微球的孵育缓冲液 (10 mM 的磷酸盐缓冲液, pH值 7. 4, 0. 05 %吐温 20), 室温温和摇荡 5min。
3、 磁性分离磁性微球, 弃上清液。
4、 用 5ml孵育缓冲液洗涤三次, 磁分离, 去除所有未结合的抗沙门氏菌 -免疫 荧光微球。
5、 撤去磁场, 加入 lml 8M脲溶液变性蛋白, 使免疫荧光微球和免疫磁性微球 分离。
6、 磁性分离免疫磁性微球, 收集上清液。
7、 通过荧光计数仪测定上清液荧光强度, 并绘制标准曲线。
8、 将待测样品所产生的荧光强度与标准曲线比较, 即得待测样品沙门氏菌含
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、 主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业 的技术人员应该了解, 本发明不受上述实施例的限制, 上述实施例和说明书中 描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还 会有各种变化和改进, 这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发 明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒, 包括以下组成成分:
1 ) 与待测微生物特异性结合的免疫磁性微球;
2 ) 与待测微生物特异性结合的免疫荧光微球。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫磁性微球为具 有磁响应性的纳米微球, 其粒径为 20-150nm, 磁响应时间小于 30min。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫磁性微球的磁 响应性时间小于 10min。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫磁性微球的磁 响应性时间小于 3min。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫磁性微球为超 顺磁性纳米微球,磁性材料为铁、钴、镍及其合金纳米粒子,包括 Fe304, Fe204, FexPty, CoxPty, MnFex0y, CoFex0y, NiFex0y, CuFex0y, ZnFex0y, and CdFex0y, 其 中 x和 y为 1-6。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫磁性微球具有 核壳结构的磁性聚合物复合微球, 聚合物材料包括聚苯乙烯、 二氧化硅。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫磁性微球为具 有表面功能化核壳结构的磁性二氧化硅复合微球。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫磁性微球为功 能化亲水性磁性微球,表面结合与微生物特异性结合的单克隆抗体或多克隆抗 体。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫荧光微球为能 发射荧光的纳米微球, 其粒径为 5-150nm。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫荧光微球粒径 为 5- 50nm。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫荧光微球包括 无机荧光材料、 有机荧光材料及量子点发光材料。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述荧光材料包括荧 光素类、 罗丹明类、 邻苯二甲醛类化合物。
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫荧光微球采用 荧光材料与纳米微球共价结合。
14、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫荧光微球采用 荧光材料包埋于纳米微球内部。
15、 根据权利要求 1所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫荧光微球含荧 光材料的聚合物复合微球, 聚合物材料包括聚苯乙烯、 二氧化硅。
16、 据权利要求 15所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述免疫荧光微球为具 有表面功能化二氧化硅复合微球。
17、一种如权利要求 1所述的一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒的制 备方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下歩骤:
( 1 ) 免疫磁性微球的制备:
通过双功能偶联试剂将磁性纳米微球与微生物抗原特异性抗体偶联,磁分 离, 充分洗涤后, 冷冻干燥后制得偶联抗体的磁性纳米微球;
( 2 ) 免疫荧光微球的制备:
通过双功能偶联试剂将荧光纳米微球与微生物抗原特异性抗体偶联, 离心 或超滤透析分离未结合的抗体, 冷冻干燥后制得偶联抗体的荧光纳米微球。
18、一种如权利要求 1所述的一种快速检测微生物的磁性荧光试剂盒的使 用方法, 该试剂盒将对微生物信号的检测转化为对荧光强度的检测, 其操作歩 骤为:
( 1 ) 将待测样品、 免疫磁性微球及免疫荧光微球加入缓冲溶液中; ( 2 ) 所鉴定微生物表面具有同时与免疫磁性微球及免疫荧光微球相结合 表面抗原决定簇;
( 3 ) 通过磁性分离免疫磁性微球富集与之结合的微生物及结合于微生物 上的免疫荧光微球;
(4) 通过测定与所分离、 富集的微生物相结合的免疫荧光微球的荧光强 度对微生物作出定性及定量的判断。
19、 根据权利要求 17所述的使用方法, 其特征在于, 免疫磁性微球和免疫 荧光微球的比例为 1~2: 1~2。
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