WO2011137710A1 - 一种空中降落器 - Google Patents

一种空中降落器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011137710A1
WO2011137710A1 PCT/CN2011/072765 CN2011072765W WO2011137710A1 WO 2011137710 A1 WO2011137710 A1 WO 2011137710A1 CN 2011072765 W CN2011072765 W CN 2011072765W WO 2011137710 A1 WO2011137710 A1 WO 2011137710A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rope
crankshaft
rotating shaft
rotating
fixed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/072765
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何少敦
Original Assignee
He Shaodun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by He Shaodun filed Critical He Shaodun
Publication of WO2011137710A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011137710A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62BDEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/08Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys
    • A62B1/12Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys hydraulically operated

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a landing device, in particular to an airborne gear.
  • the known airborne landing gears include friction speed limit type and manual brake speed limit type.
  • the hydraulic damping speed limit type the first two disadvantages are poor reliability, the last structure is relatively simple, and the performance is relatively reliable.
  • CN87216143 discloses an air landing device that uses a piston and a cam to speed limit, but the cam only bears pressure, Withstand tension, there is uneven speed limit during the landing;
  • ZL2003101127389 and ZL2003201232361 respectively disclose a principle of connecting the crankshaft with the hydraulic speed control controller, but the landing height is limited due to the use of the chain ladder;
  • ZL2007202016917 discloses a The hydraulic speed limit type airborne gear lowering device has a structure that is over-rope type. When using it, the life-saving rope must be properly worn first, causing certain troubles for the user.
  • the present invention proposes an airborne gearer, the principle of which is: A unidirectional rotating member is arranged between the ropes, the rope rotates around the disk and drives the crankshaft to rotate, the crankshaft rotates to drive the piston rod, and when the rope is wound, the rope rotates around the disk but the crankshaft does not rotate, because the crankshaft does not rotate, the piston pair The crankshaft does not create resistance.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof mainly comprises a gravity member, a carrier member, a rope, a rope winding plate, a rotating shaft, a rotating member, a crankshaft, a shaft seat, a bearing and a speed limiting piston, and the gravity member passes through one load.
  • the carrier is fixed, the carrier is fixedly connected to the rope, the rope is fixed and wound around the rope winding plate, the rope is fixed on a rotating shaft around the disk, the rotating shaft is mounted on the bearing through the shaft seat, and a rotating member is mounted on the rotating shaft a crankshaft is mounted on the rotating member, the crankshaft is connected with the piston rod of the speed limiting piston, and the speed limiting piston is fixed on the support.
  • the rope drives the rope to rotate around the disk, and the rope drives the rotating shaft around the disk.
  • the rotating member rotates, thereby driving the crankshaft to rotate, and when the crankshaft rotates, the piston rod is driven
  • the utility model is characterized in that: a one-way rotating member is further disposed, and the one-way rotating member is disposed between the rope winding plate and the crankshaft, when the rope is lowered
  • the one-way rotating member is in a closed state
  • the rope rotates around the disk to drive the crankshaft to rotate
  • the crankshaft rotates to bring the live
  • the plug rod operates, and when the rope is wound, the rope rotates in the opposite direction around the disk, the one-way rotating member is in a disengaged state, the rope rotates around the disk but the crankshaft does not rotate, and the piston does not generate resistance to the crankshaft because the crankshaft does not rotate.
  • the one-way rotating member may be a one-way bearing, that is, an overrunning clutch, and the overrunning clutch may be disposed on a rope winding. Between the disc and the rotating shaft, the outer ring of the overrunning clutch and the rope are fixed around the disc, and the inner ring of the overrunning clutch is fixed with the rotating shaft.
  • the one-way rotating member adopts an overrunning clutch
  • the overrunning clutch is disposed between the rotating shaft and the rotating member, and the outer clutch is fixed to the rotating member, and the inner clutch of the overrunning clutch is fixed to the rotating shaft.
  • the one-way rotating member adopts an overrunning clutch
  • the overrunning clutch is disposed between the rotating shaft and the rotating member, and the outer clutch is fixed to the rotating shaft, and the inner clutch of the overrunning clutch is fixed to the rotating member.
  • the one-way rotating member also adopts a ratchet backstop structure of the crane; when a ratchet backstop is used, the ratchet backstop can be installed between the rope winding plate and the rotating shaft, so that the rope is wound around the disk
  • the rotating shaft can realize the combination of the two states; the ratchet backstop can also be installed between the rotating shaft and the rotating member, so that the rotating shaft and the rotating member can be combined and separated from each other, and the ratchet backstop is installed.
  • the method can be installed as described in the existing tool manual.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the air fall device according to the invention provides a unidirectional rotating member between the rope winding plate and the crankshaft, so that the user can rewind the rope conveniently and quickly, and can be quickly re-used, which is beneficial to the invention. Safe lifesaving.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing the structure of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing a first use case of the embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing a second use case of the embodiment.
  • 5 and 6 are schematic views showing the structure of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9 and 10 are schematic views showing the structure of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 11 and 12 are schematic views showing the structure of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure
  • the gravity member 1 is carried by the carrier 2.1, 1 and the shaft of the rotating shaft 5, the rotating shaft 5 is passed through the shaft seat 6. 1 and the shaft is fixed and wound on the rope winding plate 4, the rope is wound indirectly around the rotating shaft 5, the rotating shaft 5 through the shaft seat 6.1 and 6. 2 mounted on the support 8, rotating shaft 5 ⁇ Crankshaft 7.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the rope winding plate 4 is mounted on the rotating shaft 5 through an overrunning clutch 9, the outer cymbal of the overrunning clutch 9 is fixed with the rope around the disk 4.
  • the rotation of the yoke 9 is fixed with the rotating shaft 5, when the gravity member 1 is lowered, the rope is wound around the disk 4, and the overrunning clutch 9 is in a combined state to drive the rotating shaft 5 to rotate and drive the rotating member 5.
  • 2 to drive The crankshaft 5.1 turns, the crankshaft 5.1 turns the piston rod 7. 1 to run; and when the rope 3.1 rewinds, the rope rotates in the opposite direction around the disc 4, the overrunning clutch 9 is in the off state, and the rotating shaft 5 does not rotate.
  • the crankshaft 5.1 has no resistance to the crankshaft 5.1.
  • the rope 3.1 is fixed and wound around the rope reel 4, which is a Vietnamese rope structure
  • the gravity 1 member may be a person or an object
  • the support 8 may be a casing, the shape of the support 8
  • the support 8 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is only a schematic structural view
  • Fig. 3 is a first use example view of the embodiment, which shows that the support 8 can be fixed at the time of use.
  • the support 8 is a fixed member 8.1, the rope 3.2 and the carrier 2. 2 are fixed on the high building 11, in this method of use, the entire airborne gear is fixed at the height
  • the carrier member 2.1, 2. 2 may be a hook member;
  • Figure 2 is a rope through the ropes 3, the load member 2.2 is fixed on the high-rise building 11, and the carrier member 2.1 is passed through the rope 3 2, fixed in the fixed part 8.1, in this method of use, the entire airborne gear is lowered with the carrier 2.1 and the gravity member 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the second embodiment of the present invention, in contrast to the first embodiment, in the present embodiment, the rope winding disk 4 is directly fixed to the rotating shaft 5, and the rotating member 5.
  • the ropes 3. 1 is fixed with the ropes 3.1
  • the ropes 3. 1 is fixed with the ropes 3.1
  • the ropes 3. 1 The sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek sleek
  • the piston 9 is mounted on the rotating shaft 5.
  • the piston rod 7.1 of the piston 7 is connected to the crankshaft 5.1. When the gravity member 1 is lowered, the rope rotates around the disk 4 to rotate.
  • the disk 4 rotates in the opposite direction to drive the rotating shaft 5 to rotate in the opposite direction, overrunning the clutch 9 In the state of being separated, the rotating member 5. 2 does not rotate, that is, the crankshaft 5.1 does not rotate, and since the crankshaft 5.1 does not rotate, the piston rod 7.1 does not generate resistance to the crankshaft 5.1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the third embodiment of the present invention, the figure shows that, in contrast to the first embodiment, in this embodiment, a rope rewinding device 10 is further provided, mainly comprising a transmission auxiliary transmission member 10. 5 ⁇ Transmission drive shaft 10.1, the transmission of the transmission member 10.1 is fixed on the rope winding plate 4, the transmission auxiliary transmission member 10. 2 through the transmission The shaft 10.4 is mounted on the drive shaft seat 10. 3 The slewing of the drive shaft 10. 4, the drive shaft 10. 4 rotates the drive shaft 10. 4 when the rope 3.1 is required to wrap around the shaft.
  • the drive pair may be a chain drive pair, a gear drive pair or other known drive pair.
  • the handle is fixed at 10. 5, in the present embodiment, in addition to the second embodiment of the present invention, Rotating the shaft 5, and when the rope 3.1 needs to be wound, the handle 10.5 rotates the rotating shaft 5 in the opposite direction and drives the rope to rotate around the disk 4.
  • the overrunning clutch 9 is away from The first part of the crankshaft 5.1 does not generate resistance.
  • the piston rod 7.1 does not produce a resistance to the crankshaft 5.1.
  • the handle 10.5 may be a conventional two-way ratchet wrench.
  • a wrench dedicated to disassembling and tightening the bolt is called a two-way ratchet wrench.
  • the slewing ring 5 is directly fixed to the transmission shaft 10. 4 or the rotating shaft 5, as shown in Fig. 4 or the rotating shaft 5 5, the crank shaft 10. 4 or the rotating shaft 5 can be rotated and the rope is rotated around the disc 4 to rewind the rope 3; the handle 10. 5 can also be stored in the tool box as a spare tool, is a A detachable plum or open wrench, and a square or plum-shaped jack or plug that fits the wrench is placed on the end of the drive shaft 104 or the rotating shaft 5.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are schematic views showing the structure of a fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a front view of the present embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is an internal left side view after the left support 8 is removed, and the figure shows the first implementation. 5 ⁇
  • a rope member 12 is further added, the rope 3.1 is passed over the rope member 12, the rope member 12 may be a roller, when the rope 3.1 from the rope member 12 When the top passes, the rope member 12 can be rotated.
  • FIG 11 and Figure 12 are schematic views showing the structure of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows that, unlike the first embodiment, in the present embodiment, a cover 13 is further provided, and the cover 13 is fixed to the support.
  • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
  • the cover 13 may be fixed to the support 8 by bolting, and other known fixing means may be employed.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows that, unlike the sixth embodiment, in the present embodiment, the fixing manner of the piston 7 is characterized in that the cover 13 and the support 8 are provided.
  • 1A, 14. 2B support shaft seat 14.1A is fixed on the cover body 13, and the support shaft seat 14.1B is fixed at the corresponding position.
  • the other end of the support shaft 14.1B is inserted into the support shaft seat 14.1B and the other end is inserted into the support shaft seat 14.1B.
  • the other end is inserted into the support shaft seat 14.1B and the other end is inserted into the support shaft seat 14.1B. Inserted into the cylinder on the other side of the piston 7;
  • the structure of the first to the seventh embodiment is that the overrunning clutch 9 is disposed between the rope winding plate 4 and the crankshaft 5.1, so that the rope is wound between the disk 4 and the crankshaft 5.1 due to the overrunning clutch 9.
  • the rope winding plate 4 and the crankshaft 5.1 are connected by the rotating shaft 5 and the rotating member 5.2, so that the overrunning clutch 9 can be installed between the rope winding plate 4 and the rotating shaft 5, or can be mounted on the rotating shaft. 5 and the rotating member 5.2, the above embodiment is only a preferred example proposed by the present invention.
  • the mounting method of the overrunning clutch can be other than the known mounting manners shown in the first to seventh embodiments.
  • the one-way rotating member also adopts the ratchet backstop of the crane; when the ratchet backstop is used, the ratchet backstop can be installed between the rope winding plate and the rotating shaft, so that the rope is wound between the disk and the rotating shaft. And the two states; the ratchet backstop can also be installed between the rotating shaft and the rotating member, so that the rotating shaft and the rotating member can be combined and separated from each other, and the ratchet backstop can be installed according to the existing tool. Instructions in the manual for installation;
  • the ratchet of the ratchet backstop is equivalent to the outer ring of the overrunning clutch, and the pawl of the ratchet backstop is equivalent to the outer ring of the clutch.
  • only one speed-limiting piston is disposed on one side of the support, and the present invention proposes that a speed-limiting piston can be added to the support on the other side, and an additional rotating member is further included.
  • the crankshaft which thus constitutes the air-dropper of the multi-speed limited piston, can increase the load capacity of the dropper.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Description

一种空中降落器
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种降落装置, 尤其涉及一种空中降落器。
背景技术
在日常生活或工作中, 人们经常会在高处遇到危险, 如果没有其它方法可以逃生时, 需要借助空中降 落装置逃生, 公知的空中降落装置是包括摩擦限速式、 手动制动限速式和液压阻尼限速式, 前两者缺点是 可靠性差, 最后者结构比较简单, 性能也比较可靠, CN87216143公开一种用活塞和凸轮起限速作用的空中 降落装置, 但凸轮只承受压力, 不承受拉力, 在降落过程中存在限速不均匀; ZL2003101127389 和 ZL2003201232361分别公开了一种采用曲轴与液压调速式控制器相连接的原理, 但由于采用链梯, 降落高 度受限制; ZL2007202016917公开一种液压限速式空中降落器, 其结构是过绳式的, 使用时必须首先正确 地穿好救生绳索, 给使用者造成一定的麻烦; 在 ZL2007201397042公开的文件中, 由于图示不明确, 很难 确定救生绳的缠绕方式, 不清楚其结构是过绳式还是藏绳式; 在上述公开的专利文件或专利申请文件中, 没有设置绳索回绕构件, 在公知的空中降落器中, 没有公开绳索回绕技术, 现今的空中降落器由于绳索回 绕有困难、 影响重复使用、 影响安全救生。
发明内容
为了克服公知的空中降落器没有设置绳索回绕构件, 存在绳索回绕有困难、 影响重复使用、 影响安全 救生的缺点, 本发明提出了一种空中降落器, 其原理是: 通过在绳索绕盘与曲轴之间设置单向转动构件, 绳索下降时, 绳索绕盘转动并带动曲轴回转, 曲轴回转带动活塞杆运行, 而当绳索回绕时, 绳索绕盘转动 但曲轴不回转, 由于曲轴不回转, 活塞对曲轴不产生阻力。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是, 主要包括重力件、 载件、 绳索、 绳索绕盘、 转动轴、 转 动件、 曲轴、 轴座、 支座及限速活塞, 重力件通过一个载件承载, 载件与绳索连接固定, 绳索固定并缠绕 在绳索绕盘上, 绳索绕盘固定在一根转动轴上, 转动轴通过轴座安装在支座上, 在转动轴上安装一个转动 件, 在转动件上安装一根曲轴, 曲轴与限速活塞的活塞杆相连接, 限速活塞固定在支座上, 在重力件的作 用下, 绳索带动绳索绕盘转动, 绳索绕盘带动转动轴转动时带动转动件转动, 从而带动曲轴回转, 曲轴回 转时带动活塞杆运行, 其特征是: 还设置一个单向转动构件, 单向转动构件调置在绳索绕盘与曲轴之间, 当绳索下降时, 绳索绕盘转动, 单向转动构件处于合的状态, 绳索绕盘转动带动曲轴回转, 曲轴回转带动 活塞杆运行, 而当绳索回绕时, 绳索绕盘朝相反方向转动, 单向转动构件处于离的状态, 绳索绕盘转动但 曲轴不回转, 由于曲轴不回转, 活塞对曲轴不产生阻力。
本发明的优选方案包括, 单向转动构件可以是单向轴承即超越离合器, 超越离合器可以设置在绳索绕 盘与转动轴之间, 超越离合器外圈与绳索绕盘固定, 超越离合器内圈与转动轴固定。
本发明的优选方案包括, 单向转动构件采用超越离合器, 超越离合器设置在转动轴与转动件之间, 超 越离合器外圏与转动件固定, 超越离合器内圏与转动轴固定。
本发明的优选方案包括, 单向转动构件采用超越离合器, 超越离合器设置在转动轴与转动件之间, 超 越离合器外圏与转动轴固定, 超越离合器内圈与转动件固定。
本发明的优选方案包括, 单向转动构件也采用起重机的棘轮逆止器结构; 当采用棘轮逆止器时, 棘轮 逆止器可以安装在绳索绕盘与转动轴之间, 使绳索绕盘与转动轴之间实现合和离两种状态; 棘轮逆止器也 可以安装在转动轴与转动件之间, 使转动轴与转动件之间实现合和离两种状态, 棘轮逆止器的安装方式可 以按照现有工具手册中的说明进行安装。
本发明的有益效果是,本发明提出的一种空中降落器, 由于在绳索绕盘与曲轴之间设置单向转动构件, 使用者可以方便快速地对绳索进行回绕, 可以快速重复使用, 有利于安全救生。
附图说明
图 1、 图 2为本发明第一个实施例的结构示意图, 图 3为该实施例的第一个使用例图, 图 4为该实施 例的第二个使用例图。
图 5、 图 6为本发明第二个实施例的结构示意图。
图 7为本发明第三个实施例的结构示意图。
图 8为本发明第四个实施例的结构示意图。
图 9、 图 10为本发明第五个实施例的结构示意图。
图 11、 图 12为本发明第六个实施例的结构示意图。
图 13为本发明第七个实施例的结构示意图。
图中: 1.重力件, 2. 1、 2. 1载件, 3. 1、 3. 2绳索, 4.绳索绕盘, 5.转动轴, 5. 1曲轴, 5. 2转动件, 5. 2. 1转动件外表面, 6. 1、 6. 2轴座, 7活塞, 7. 1活塞杆, 7. 2杆端连接件, 8.支座, 8. 1固定件, 9.超 越离合器, 9. 1超越离合器外环, 9. 2超越离合器内环, 10回绕装置, 10. 1、 10. 2传动副传动件, 10. 3传 动轴座, 10. 4传动轴, 10. 5手柄, 11高处建筑物, 12挡绳件, 13盖体, 14. 1A、 14. IB支撑轴座, 14. 2A、 14. 2B支撑轴。 具体实施方式
图 1、 图 2是本发明第一个实施例的结构示意图; 图 1是结构示意图, 图 2是局部放大后的结构示意, 在图 1中显示, 重力件 1通过载件 2. 1承载, 载件 2. 1与绳索 3. 1连接固定, 绳索 3. 1是固定并缠绕在绳 索绕盘 4上, 绳索绕盘 4间接安装在转动轴 5上, 转动轴 5通过轴座 6. 1及 6. 2安装在支座 8上, 转动轴 5上安装一个转动件 5. 2, 在转动件 5. 2上安装曲轴 5. 1, 活塞 7的活塞杆 7. 1通过杆端连接件 7. 2与曲轴
5. 1连接, 在图 2中显示, 本实施例的特征是, 绳索绕盘 4是通过一个超越离合器 9安装在转动轴 5上, 超越离合器 9的外圏 9. 1与绳索绕盘 4固定,超越离合器 9的内圏 9. 2与转动轴 5固定,当重力件 1下降, 绳索绕盘 4转动, 超越离合器 9处于合的状态带动转动轴 5转动并带动转动件 5. 2转动从而带动曲轴 5. 1 回转, 曲轴 5. 1回转带动活塞杆 7. 1运行; 而当绳索 3. 1回绕时, 绳索绕盘 4朝相反方向转动, 超越离合 器 9处于离的状态, 转动轴 5不转动, 即曲轴 5. 1不回转, 由于曲轴 5. 1不回转, 活塞杆 7. 1对曲轴 5. 1 不产生阻力。
在第一个实施例中, 绳索 3.1是固定并缠绕在绳索绕盘 4上, 是藏绳式结构, 重力 1件可以是人或物 体, 支座 8可以是一个壳体, 支座 8的形状可以有各种变化, 图 1及图 2中显示的支座 8只是结构示意图; 图 3为该实施例的第一个使用例图, 图中显示, 使用时, 可以将支座 8固定在高处建筑物 11上, 支 座 8是过固定件 8. 1、 绳索 3. 2和载件 2. 2固定在高处建筑物 11上, 在此使用方法中, 整个空中降落器是 固定在高处, 在本实施例中, 载件 2. 1、 2. 2可以是一个钩件;
图 4为该实施例的第二个使用例图, 图中显示, 使用时, 绳索 3. 1通过载件 2. 2固定在高处建筑物 11 上, 而载件 2. 1是通过绳索 3. 2固定在固定件 8. 1上, 在该使用方法中, 整个空中降落器是与载件 2. 1和 重力件 1一起下降;
图 5、 图 6为本发明第二个实施例的结构示意图, 与第一个实施例不同的是, 在本实施例中, 绳索绕 盘 4是直接与转动轴 5固定,而转动件 5. 2是通过超越离合器 9安装在转动轴 5上;在图 5及图 6中显示, 重力件 1通过载件 2. 1承载, 载件 2. 1与绳索 3. 1连接固定, 绳索 3. 1是固定并缠绕在绳索绕盘 4上, 绳 索绕盘 4固定在转动轴 5上, 转动轴 5通过轴座 6. 1及 6. 2安装在支座 8上, 转动件 5. 2是通过超越离合 器 9安装在转动轴 5上, 在转动件 5. 2上安装曲轴 5. 1, 活塞 7的活塞杆 7. 1与曲轴 5. 1连接, 当重力件 1下降, 绳索绕盘 4转动带动转动轴 5转动, 超越离合器 9处于合的状态带动转动件 5. 2转动从而带动曲 轴 5. 1回转, 曲轴 5. 1回转带动活塞杆 7. 1运行, 而当绳索 3. 1回绕时, 绳索绕盘 4朝相反方向转动带动 转动轴 5朝相反方向转动, 超越离合器 9处于离的状态, 转动件 5. 2不转动, 即曲轴 5. 1不回转, 由于曲 轴 5. 1不回转, 活塞杆 7. 1对曲轴 5. 1不产生阻力;
在第二个实施例的图 6中可以看出, 越离合器 9的外圈 9. 1与转动件 5. 2固定, 超越离合器 9的内圈 9. 2与转动轴 5固定;
在第二个实施例中,越离合器的外圈也可以与转动轴固定,而超越离合器的内圈也可以与转动件固定。 图 7为本发明第三个实施例的结构示意图, 图中显示, 与第一个实施例不同的是, 在本实施例中, 还 增设一个绳索回绕装置 10,主要包括传动副传动件 10. 1、 10. 2,传动轴座 10. 3、传动轴 10. 4及手柄 10. 5, 其中,传动副传动件 10. 1固定在绳索绕盘 4上,传动副传动件 10. 2通过传动轴 10. 4安装在传动轴座 10. 3 上, 传动轴座 10. 3固定在支座 8上, 手柄 10. 5固定在传动轴 10. 4上, 而当绳索 3. 1需要回绕时, 摇动 手柄 10. 5使传动轴 10. 4转动并驱动传动副传动件 10. 2转动, 由此带动传动副传动件 10. 1转动并带动绳 索绕盘 4朝相反方向转动; 当绳索绕盘 4朝相反方向转动时, 超越离合器 9处于离的状态, 转动轴 5不转 动, 即曲轴 5. 1不回转, 由于曲轴 5. 1不回转, 活塞杆 7. 1对曲轴 5. 1不产生阻力。
在第三个实施例当中, 传动副可以采用链传动副、 齿轮传动副或其它公知的传动副。
图 8为本发明第四个实施例的结构示意图, 图中显示, 与第二个实施例不同的是, 在本实施例中, 还 增设一个绳索回绕手柄 10. 5, 手柄 10. 5固定在转动轴 5上, 而当绳索 3. 1需要回绕时, 摇动手柄 10. 5使 转动轴 5朝相反方向转动并驱动绳索绕盘 4转动, 当转动轴 5朝相反方向转动, 超越离合器 9处于离的状 态, 转动件 5. 2不转动, 即曲轴 5. 1不回转, 由于曲轴 5. 1不回转, 活塞杆 7. 1对曲轴 5. 1不产生阻力。
在第三和第四的实施例中, 手柄 10. 5 可以是目前公知的双向棘轮板手, 在现有公知技术中, 有一种 专用于拆卸和上紧螺栓的板手叫双向棘轮板手, 由于具有双向棘轮, 板手可以朝两个不同方向单向转动; 当手柄 10. 5是采用双向棘轮板手时, 所述手柄 10. 5可以直接固定在传动轴 10. 4或转动轴 5上, 摇动手 柄 10. 5可使传动轴 10. 4或转动轴 5转动并带动绳索绕盘 4转动使绳索 3回绕; 手柄 10. 5也可以只是一 个存放在工具箱内作为备用的工具, 是一个可拆式梅花或开口板手, 而在传动轴 10. 4或转动轴 5的端头 上设置与板手配合的方形或梅花形插孔或插头。
图 9、 图 10为本发明第五个实施例的结构示意图, 图 9是本实施例主视图, 图 10是移去左边支座 8 后的内部左视图, 图中显示, 与第一个实施例不同的是, 在本实施例中, 还增加一个挡绳件 12, 绳索 3. 1 从挡绳件 12上面经过, 挡绳件 12可以是一个滚筒, 当绳索 3. 1从挡绳件 12上面经过时, 可以带动挡绳 件 12转动。
图 11、 图 12为本发明第六个实施例的结构示意图, 图中显示, 与第一个实施例不同的是, 在本实施 例中, 还增设一个盖体 13, 盖体 13固定在支座 8上, 盖体 13全部将活塞 7、 活塞杆 7. 1、 转动件 5. 2和 曲轴 5. 1罩住, 也可以只是部份罩住, 目的是防止周围物体阻碍活塞杆 7. 1移动及曲轴 5. 1转动;
在第六个实施例中, 盖体 13可以采用螺栓固定的方式固定在支座 8上, 也可以采用其它公知的固定 方式。
图 13 为本发明第七个实施例的结构示意图, 图中显示, 与第六个实施例不同的是, 在本实施例中, 活塞 7的固定方式特征是, 在盖体 13及支座 8的对应处还设置活塞的支撑轴座 14. 1A、 14. IB和支撑轴 14. 2A、 14. 2B, 支撑轴座 14. 1A固定在盖体 13上, 而支撑轴座 14. 1B固定在支座 8上, 支撑轴 14. 2A— 端插入支撑轴座 14. 1A中而另一端插入活塞 7的缸体中, 同样, 支撑轴 14. 2B一端插入支撑轴座 14. 1B中 而另一端插入活塞 7另一侧的缸体中;
在第七个实施例,可以在支撑座 14. 1A和 14. 1B中设置轴承或轴套,支撑轴 14. 2A—端插入支撑座 14. 1A 的轴承或轴套中而另一端插入活塞 7的缸体中, 同样, 支撑轴 14. 2B一端插入支撑座 14. 1B的轴承或轴套 中而另一端插入活塞 7另一侧的缸体中;
在第一个至第七个实施例的结构特征是, 是在绳索绕盘 4和曲轴 5. 1之间设置超越离合器 9, 使绳索 绕盘 4和曲轴 5. 1之间由于超越离合器 9的合和离, 实现当绳索 3下降时绳索绕盘 4转动而带动曲轴 5. 1 回转, 而当绳索 3回绕时绳索绕盘 4反向转动而曲轴 5. 1不回转, 在上述实施例当中, 绳索绕盘 4和曲轴 5. 1之间是通过转动轴 5和转动件 5. 2进行连接安装, 因此超越离合器 9可以安装在绳索绕盘 4与转动轴 5之间, 也可以安装在转动轴 5与转动件 5. 2之间, 上述实施例只是本发明提出的优选例子。
在现有工具手册中, 已经对超越离合器的安装方式做了说明, 超越离合器的安装方式除了第一个至第 七个实施例显示的安装方式之外, 还可以利用公知的其它方式。
另外, 单向转动构件也采用起重机的棘轮逆止器; 当采用棘轮逆止器时, 棘轮逆止器可以安装在绳索 绕盘与转动轴之间, 使绳索绕盘与转动轴之间实现合和离两种状态; 棘轮逆止器也可以安装在转动轴与转 动件之间, 使转动轴与转动件之间实现合和离两种状态, 棘轮逆止器的安装方式可以按照现有工具手册中 的说明进行安装;
当采用棘轮逆止器时, 棘轮逆止器的棘轮相当于超越离合器的外圈, 棘轮逆止器的棘爪相当于超越离 合器的外圈。
在第一个至第七个实施例中, 只是在支座的一侧设置一个限速活塞, 本发明提出, 还可以在另一侧的 支座增设一个限速活塞, 还包括增设转动件及曲轴, 由此构成多限速活塞的空中降落器, 这样的结构可以 提高降落器的负载能力。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种空中降落器, 主要包括重力件、 载件、 绳索、 绳索绕盘、 转动轴、 转动件、 曲轴、 轴座、 支座及 限速活塞, 重力件通过一个载件承载, 载件与绳索连接固定, 绳索固定并缠绕在绳索绕盘上, 绳索绕盘固 定在一根转动轴上, 转动轴通过轴座安装在支座上, 在转动轴上安装一个转动件, 在转动件上安装一根曲 轴, 曲轴与限速活塞的活塞杆相连接, 限速活塞固定在支座上, 在重力件的作用下, 绳索带动绳索绕盘转 动, 绳索绕盘带动转动轴转动时带动转动件转动, 从而带动曲轴回转, 曲轴回转时带动活塞杆运行, 其特 征是: 还设置一个单向转动构件, 单向转动构件调置在绳索绕盘与曲轴之间, 当绳索下降时, 绳索绕盘转 动, 单向转动构件处于合的状态, 绳索绕盘转动带动曲轴回转, 曲轴回转带动活塞杆运行, 而当绳索回绕 时, 绳索绕盘朝相反方向转动, 单向转动构件处于离的状态, 绳索绕盘转动但曲轴不回转, 由于曲轴不回 转, 活塞对曲轴不产生阻力。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 所述单向转动构件是单向轴承即超越离合器。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 所述超越离合器设置在绳索绕盘与转动轴之间, 超越 离合器外圈与绳索绕盘固定, 超越离合器内圈与转动轴固定。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 所述超越离合器设置在转动轴与转动件之间, 超越离 合器外圈与转动件固定, 超越离合器内圈与转动轴固定。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 所述超越离合器设置在转动轴与转动件之间, 超越离 合器外圈与转动轴固定, 超越离合器内圈与转动件固定。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 所述单向转动构件是棘轮逆止器。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 所述棘轮逆止器可以安装在绳索绕盘与转动轴之间使 绳索绕盘与转动轴之间实现合和离两种状态; 棘轮逆止器也可以安装在转动轴与转动件之间使转动轴与转 动件之间实现合和离两种状态。
8. 根据权利要求 3所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 所述还增设一个绳索回绕装置, 所述绳索回绕装置主 要包括传动副传动件、 传动轴座、 传动轴及手柄, 所述传动副一个传动件固定在绳索绕盘上而另一个传动 件通过传动轴安装在传动轴座上, 传动轴座固定在支座上, 所述手柄是双向棘轮板手且直接固定在传动轴 上, 所述手柄也可以是一个可拆式梅花或开口板手, 而在传动轴的一个端头上设置与板手配合的方形或梅 花形插孔或插头。
9. 根据权利要求 4、 5所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 在所述转动轴上固定一根手柄, 所述手柄是双向 棘轮板手且直接固定在转动轴上, 所述手柄也可以是一个可拆式梅花或开口板手, 而在转动轴的一个端头 上设置与板手配合的方形或梅花形插孔或插头。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的空中降落器, 其特征是: 还增设一个盖体, 所述盖体安装在所述支座上并将活 塞、 活塞杆、 转动件和曲轴全部罩住, 也可以只是部份罩住, 还可以在所述盖体上及支座的对应处设置活 塞的支撑轴座和支撑轴。
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