WO2011133027A1 - Échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011133027A1
WO2011133027A1 PCT/NL2011/050266 NL2011050266W WO2011133027A1 WO 2011133027 A1 WO2011133027 A1 WO 2011133027A1 NL 2011050266 W NL2011050266 W NL 2011050266W WO 2011133027 A1 WO2011133027 A1 WO 2011133027A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
heat exchanger
liquid
inlet
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2011/050266
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Marc Peters
Original Assignee
Calltec S.P.I.
Roeca B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Calltec S.P.I., Roeca B.V. filed Critical Calltec S.P.I.
Priority to EP11721388.4A priority Critical patent/EP2577180A1/fr
Publication of WO2011133027A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011133027A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/192—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by electrical means, e.g. by applying electrostatic fields or high voltages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/50—Air quality properties
    • F24F2110/65—Concentration of specific substances or contaminants
    • F24F2110/70—Carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for exchanging energy between hot air and cold air, such as a heat exchanger, an installation provided with such a device and one or more elements, a method of providing hot or cold air, the use of such a device or installation, and a method of cleaning such a device or such an installation.
  • a heat exchanger is an apparatus which transfers energy from one medium (liquid, gas) to another medium.
  • An ideal heat exchanger cools the first medium to the starting temperature of the second medium and vice versa. This ideal can be approached by means of the counterflow principle.
  • heat exchanger such as a tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, a regenerative heat exchanger, a spiral heat exchanger, a radiator, and a heat pump.
  • the tube heat exchanger is also referred to, in the industry, as Shell & Tube. In its simplest form it is a tube inside another tube, that is, a tube surrounded by a jacket.
  • a plate heat exchanger is a specific type of heat exchanger.
  • a plate heat exchanger is composed of a number of thin corrugated plates. These plates are compressed together in a frame, the edges of the plates being provided with a gasket, or the plates being welded together at the edges. In this manner, parallel channels are formed between the plates. One liquid is passed through the even channels, while the other liquid is passed through the odd channels.
  • Such a device is known from German patent application DE 100 36079 A1.
  • energy is recovered and moisture is regulated in dependence upon the requirements.
  • (outside) air is supplied and, on the other hand, air is discharged from a building or a house.
  • the heat exchanger described in said patent application is an air/air heat exchanger, wherein energy and moisture are recovered without using process water.
  • Such a device is also known from German patent application DE 198 44 905 A1.
  • the device in question is a combined device for a plurality of households, being a ventilation unit with heat recovery, which can be built into walls, if necessary, and which can be used without process water.
  • Such a device is also known from German patent application DE 198 44 905 A1.
  • the device described in said patent application is an aeration device comprising a heat exchanger, a ventilating fan, a filter and a condensate outlet.
  • Such a device is also known from German patent application DE 10 2006 048 103 A1.
  • the device described in said patent application is provided with an air/water heat pump which is completely jacketed and, typically, is placed on a roof. This heat pump draws the energy from the outside air to generate heating and/or cooling water and transfer it to radiators in a building.
  • NL 8203416 describes a heat exchanger for heating houses or buildings by means of industrial cooling water. This heating system does not have a cooling function. Also, it does not recover heat from discharged ventilating air.
  • FR 2930981 A1 relates to a direct-fired (gas)heater which does not have a cooling function. This heater recirculates air without using process water.
  • DE 102005011222 A1 relates to a ventilation unit without heating and/or cooling capacity. This unit does not use process water.
  • US 5024263 discloses a method and apparatus for controlling the fresh-air, input-air, exhaust-air, waste-air and return-air flows, as well as the air pressure in the input-air duct and the air pressure in the exhaust-air duct, in an air-conditioning system which comprises at least input-air and waste-air flow meters, input-air and exhaust-air pressure meters, an input-air fan with its air-flow control, a waste-air or exhaust-air fan with its air-flow control, a fresh-air flow meter, a heat recovery exchanger, closing and control mechanisms for exhaust air and return air, coupled together as an outlet-air mechanism, and closing and control mechanisms for fresh air and fresh-air bypass, coupled together as an intake-air mechanism.
  • WO 2006071 1 17 discloses a ventilation system, comprising a first and a second air circuit for transfer of an air flow from a first area to a second area and vice versa.
  • a heat exchange is provided for exchange of the heat of both air flows.
  • a third air circuit is provided for creating an air flow from e.g. a point in the first air circuit between the heat exchange and the second area to a point in that air circuit located between the heat exchange and the first area.
  • Control means control that air flow in dependency of e.g. the temperature or moisture at one or more locations in the first and/or second air circuit.
  • the flow of the extra air flow is e.g. increased when the temperature in the first and/or second air circuit crosses a minimum value, e.g. 0 0 C.
  • a drawback of a heat exchanger such as shown for example in figure 1 , comprising an outside air inlet (1), an inside air inlet (3), an outside air outlet (4), an inside air outlet (2), is that the heat exchanger always produces energy, i.e. is always active. In this configuration discharge takes place over the heat exchanger.
  • a further drawback resides in that an additional bypass is necessary. As a result, the energy efficiency of such a heat exchanger is comparatively low, such as approximately 60%.
  • Heat exchangers according to the state of the art also have the disadvantage of accumulation of dust and pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. This leads for example to disorders such as the "sick-building" syndrome. It may also cause respiratory complaints and further illnesses. In particular, these disadvantages occur in modern buildings having only very limited ventilation capabilities.
  • a still further drawback is that heat exchangers according to the state of the art are not easy to clean. The cleaning operation often requires partial or complete disassembly of the heat exchanger, after which the heat exchanger must be re-assembled. This is labour- intensive and expensive.
  • the invention provides a device for supplying hot and/or cold air, which device is provided with at least two inlets and at least two outlets, wherein at least one first inlet and at least one first outlet are situated in a first space and wherein at least one second inlet and at least one second outlet are situated in a second space, at least one fan , preferably at least one air/air heat exchanger for exchanging energy between hot and cold air, wherein the at least one fan is arranged to displace air from an inlet to an outlet, wherein an at least one first inlet, an at least one second outlet and the optional at least one air/air heat exchanger together form a functional first connection between the second space and the first space, wherein an at least one second inlet, an at least one first outlet and the optional at least one air/air heat exchanger together form a functional second connection between the first space and the second space, wherein the device preferably comprises at least four predominantly mutually separated compartments, wherein each compartment has at least one inlet or at least one outlet, wherein the first connection
  • a further advantage of the present heat exchanger is that the heat exchanger does not always produce energy, i.e. is not always active.
  • a further advantage resides in that an additional bypass is not necessary.
  • the energy efficiency of the present heat exchanger is comparatively high, and, dependent upon the exact application, may be in excess of approximately 75%, and in some applications in excess of 95%. By virtue thereof, a considerable saving in energy costs is achieved and the environment is less affected.
  • Yet a further advantage of the present heat exchanger is that due to the absence of condensing action in the heat exchanger, freezing of the heat exchanger at temperatures below the freezing point does not take place.
  • the present heat exchanger also has the advantage that accumulation of dust and pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, does not occur or only to a smaller extent. This prevents the occurrence of all kinds of symptoms of disease and/or disorders.
  • a further advantage resides in that the present heat exchanger is easy to clean. The cleaning operation will be described in detail hereinbelow.
  • the present air/air heat exchanger has a high efficiency and has, for example, a recovery percentage of 96% or more, without energy being fed into said heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchangers (9) shown in figure 2 are, for example, liquid/air energy exchangers. Other suitable heat carriers may also be used. These heat exchangers are thus suitable for exchanging both cold and energy.
  • exchanger 9a may be coupled to exchanger 9d, such as in the case of low outside temperatures, causing energy to be directly fed back to the outside, although this costs energy.
  • liquid/air energy exchangers for heating and/or cooling.
  • the process water can be used to obtain cooling water, which is then used again for additional cooling during day hours.
  • 9a In winter, at temperatures below freezing point, 9a can be used to protect the air/air heat exchanger from freezing. In the case of the currently commercially available heat exchanger, this is a reason for switching it off in winter, although this is the period when the need for energy recovery is largest.
  • Additional heating is possible by passing the CH water through 9b, which causes heating of the ventilating air.
  • the present invention preferably comprises an air/air (counterflow or cross-flow) heat exchanger.
  • This has the advantage that it cannot be subject to freezing because liquid/air exchangers are coupled to both inlets and both outlets.
  • a further advantage resides in that such an independent unit can be used for heating while simultaneously preheating and/or cooling process liquid.
  • An independent unit can also be used for cooling while simultaneously preheating and/or cooling process liquid.
  • Another advantage is that, by recirculating process liquid, such an independent unit in bypass mode is capable of ventilating without energy transfer (simultaneously to the inside and the outside).
  • the system may additionally be connected to sources of cold and heat with process liquid.
  • outlet is to be taken to mean an entrance for a liquid medium such as air to the present device, for example in the form of a tube.
  • outlet is to be taken to mean an exit for a liquid medium such as air to the present device, for example in the form of a tube.
  • the term "compartment” is to be taken to mean a holder of the present device for a liquid medium such as air, for example in the form of a substantially closed housing.
  • Said housing may be made of steel plate and may have any desired shape, such as rod-shaped, trapezium-shaped, multigonal etc.
  • hot it is to be noted that this is a relative term. In this application, “hot” should therefore be taken to mean “relatively hot", for example an inside space which is hot as compared to an outside space. The same applies to the term "cold”.
  • air refers to a customary application, for example a heat exchanger in houses.
  • the concept of the present invention is also suitable for the exchange of energy in liquid flows. In the latter case the present device requires further adaptation.
  • a liquid medium specifically air
  • air can flow from an inlet to a heat exchanger without or substantially without contacting another flow.
  • the air from an inlet subsequently flows to an outlet without or substantially without contacting another flow. Consequently, a channel, as it were, is formed, composed of an inlet, a (part of) a heat exchanger, and an outlet. This channel is completely or almost completely separated.
  • a counterflow has a higher efficiency, i.e. 95% or more in terms of efficiency.
  • a cross-flow is possibly easier to execute and offers corresponding advantages.
  • the heat exchanger preferably is a liquid/air heat exchanger, wherein liquid is present in a first part of the heat exchanger, such as an internal part, and air (to be treated) is present in a second part of the heat exchanger, such as an external part.
  • the liquid used is for example water or a liquid having a low melting point.
  • the capacity of the heat exchanger is, on the one hand, adapted to the size of the space, typically an inner space, such as an inner space of a house or a building, and, on the other hand, to the ventilation rate.
  • the capacity is, for example, 300 m 3 /h, and an internal path length of the heat exchanger is 400 mm. In the case of a counterflow exchanger, this results in an efficiency of 95-96%.
  • the device further comprises a fan for displacing air. Depending on the
  • fans may be incorporated, which each independently drive an imaginary "channel".
  • fan is to be taken to mean a
  • a fan which ensures that air or a gas is set in motion.
  • a fan is used to provide a space with fresh air, or to cool down hot air by passing (cool) air over it.
  • a rotor of a fan is driven by a brushless motor such as a brushless DC motor, by means of which higher efficiencies can be achieved, such as an efficiency in excess of 60%.
  • a characterizing feature is that the air drawn in is displaced immediately.
  • the invention relates to the device according to cl
  • the device according to the invention is further provided with at least one air flow controller, preferably provided with software.
  • An air flow controller controls the amount of air that is refreshed per unit of time as well as the temperature thereof.
  • the controller can also be used to optimize the efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the controller also comprises software enabling optimum settings to be determined real time, as indicated hereinabove.
  • An example of an air flow controller is a fan, wherein the position of a vane of a fan is changed or the rotational speed of a fan is adapted.
  • the device according to the invention is further provided with one or more temperature sensors for measuring the temperature in an air flow, a humidity sensor for measuring relative humidity in an air flow, a time sensor, at least one filter, such as an electrostatic filter, a C0 2 sensor, a system clock and a temperature regulator.
  • a temperature sensor for measuring relative humidity in an air flow
  • a time sensor for measuring relative humidity in an air flow
  • at least one filter such as an electrostatic filter, a C0 2 sensor, a system clock and a temperature regulator.
  • thermosensor By measuring the temperature in an air flow, it is possible to determine a temperature difference with respect to another air flow. As a result, it is possible, for example on the basis of a desired inside temperature, to calculate an air flow speed and temperature to be set thereof. In terms of, for example, energy consumption the present invention can thus be optimally used.
  • An example of a temperature sensor is a PT-100.
  • the present invention may also comprise a humidity sensor, for example for dew point calculation (also based on temperature) and desired degree of humidity.
  • a humidity sensor for example for dew point calculation (also based on temperature) and desired degree of humidity.
  • a space where the degree of humidity is insufficient can be supplied with additional moisture, while in a space where the degree of humidity is too high, possibly the excess moisture can be removed.
  • An example of a humidity sensor is Sensirion SHT-11.
  • the device also comprises a time sensor by means of which, for example, a program can be set, such as a day-night program.
  • a time sensor is a Seriologic SR2.
  • the device also comprises a C0 2 sensor for measuring C0 2 .
  • C0 2 is an important component in the air, particularly for determining whether refreshing of air is desirable. By measuring a quantity of C0 2 it can be determined whether, and if so, how much air must be refreshed.
  • the device also comprises a system clock for determining a current time and for the mutual attuning of the current time.
  • the device also comprises a temperature regulator, enabling the temperature in, for example, an inside space to be set, which temperature regulator is comparable to that typically coupled to a CH-system.
  • a temperature regulator is an Omron E5CN.
  • the device according to the invention is further provided with at least one electrostatic filter.
  • an ordinary filter can also suitably be used, but an electrostatic filter is better suited for catching small particles, such as dust and possibly part of the bacteria.
  • a membrane filter may also be considered.
  • the electrostatic filter is placed such that it purifies entrant light.
  • the electrostatic filter may be placed in horizontal or vertical position.
  • An example of an electrostatic filter is a Trion filter.
  • the device according to the invention comprises at least two fans, which are mutually connected when both inlet and outlet are closed.
  • An example of a fan is a D1 G133_AB29_52 by Papst.
  • the device comprises at least two fans, each provided with a filter, or at least one fan for each inlet.
  • a first fan is capable of cleaning a filter of a second fan comparatively easily and can exhaust impurities.
  • the first filter can subsequently be cleaned too.
  • the device is provided with a control ensuring regular cleaning, such as every week or every month.
  • the filter may comprise an indicator indicating when the filter should be cleaned, such as an indicator indicating the quantity of dust. Based on this, a regulator can thus determine an optimum cleaning time and can have the cleaning action performed subsequently.
  • the device according to the invention is further provided with at least one first liquid/air heat exchanger which is in communication with at least one second liquid/air heat exchanger; preferably every first liquid/air heat exchanger is in communication with every second liquid/air heat exchanger.
  • the device according to the invention is further provided with one or more valves for regulating the air flow, for example said one or more valves being arranged to close an inlet or an outlet, and/or it is provided with one or more valves for regulating the liquid flow, for example said one or more valves being arranged to close a liquid/air heat exchanger, to connect a first liquid/air heat exchanger with a second liquid/air heat exchanger, to connect a liquid/air heat exchanger with a heater, to connect a iiquid/air heat exchanger with a cooler, to reverse a direction of flow thereof, and combinations of the above.
  • the device can be optimized, for example in terms of capacity, energy consumption, humidity balance, etc.
  • valves can be used to form a channel between two or more filters, enabling filters to be cleaned.
  • these valves can be used to enable a connection to further elements, such as a cooler or a heater.
  • the figures and examples elucidate specific details of embodiments.
  • An example of a valve is a Danfoss CHV, which is particularly suited for transporting process liquid.
  • the device according to the invention is further provided with one or more pumps for regulating the liquid flow in a liquid/air heat exchanger. These pumps can cause liquid to flow through a desired channel, or to bypass said channel.
  • a number of examples thereof are shown in detail.
  • An example of a pump is a Grundfos Alpha2.
  • the device according to the invention accommodating the heat exchanger comprises a liquid.
  • a heat exchanger comprises a liquid to enable satisfactory operation, such as water, or a liquid medium with a reduced freezing point.
  • An example of a heat exchanger is shown in figure 2e.
  • the at least one liquid/air heat exchanger has an effective surface area of at least 1 m 2 per meter of heat exchanger, preferably at least 2m 2 per meter of heat exchanger, more preferably at least 5m 2 per meter of heat exchanger, such as at least 10m 2 per meter of heat exchanger. In this manner, efficient exchange of energy from air to liquid and/or vice versa is obtained.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a large number of ribs, such as more than 50 per linear meter. It is to be noted that in general the surface area is limited by the available space, such as in a cavity.
  • the invention in a second aspect, relates to an installation for providing hot and/or cold air comprising a device according to the invention, and further comprising one or more elements of a cooler, a heater, such as a central heating, a connection system for communication between elements and device, and a housing.
  • a device according to the invention can be used in a variety of applications.
  • a cooler such as an airco
  • the cooling capacity can be improved. This is important in particular if the outside temperature is relatively high, such as in summer or in warm regions.
  • An example of an airco is a Siemens PA19000M.
  • a heater such as a CH
  • An example of a CH is a Remeha Avanta 28c.
  • such an installation also comprises connection elements, such as tubes, facilitating transport of a liquid medium such as air or water.
  • an installation also comprises a housing, enabling an installation to be installed as a component.
  • a housing enabling an installation to be installed as a component.
  • most constituents of the installation in the housing are concealed from view.
  • the invention relates to a method of providing hot and/or cold air comprising the following steps:
  • the method of providing hot and/or cold air comprises the following steps:
  • the method comprises a simultaneous combination of the above- mentioned steps. This example occurs in particular when outside air and inside air are treated more or less simultaneously.
  • the invention relates to the use of a device according to the invention and/or an installation according to the invention for at least one of: refreshing air, preheating outside air, purifying air, removing or killing pathogens, reducing noise production, cleaning of filters present therein, controlling the device in the unloaded state, drying a cavity, increasing the insulating value of a cavity, heating a thermal reservoir, cooling a space, preheating water such as CH-water and tap water.
  • the present invention thus advantageously provides an installation in which air can be cleaned in a simple manner, thereby improving the quality of the air and reducing the risk of infections in humans (and animals).
  • the present invention thus advantageously provides an installation in which filters can be cleaned in a simple manner, thereby improving the quality of the air and reducing the risk of infections in humans (and animals).
  • the present invention thus advantageously provides a cavity which is dryer and which hence has an improved insulation value. As a result, the energy consumption of a house or a building is reduced.
  • a further advantage resides in that outside air can be preheated, thereby substantially reducing or even almost excluding the risk of freezing of a heat exchanger.
  • a further advantage resides in that the present device and/or installation can be controlled in the unloaded state. As a result, the energy consumption, noise production and susceptibility to maintenance are all reduced, and the service life increased.
  • a further advantage resides in that the present device can be used to preheat water which is to be heated, resulting in a reduced energy consumption.
  • the invention relates to a method of cleaning a device according to the invention and/or an installation according to the invention, which method comprises the following steps:
  • rendering a second filter passive for example by switching off a motor thereof, and in the case of an electrostatic filter, removing the voltage from the filter, and
  • the present invention is easy to use by virtue of its inventive design, and can be used intuitively even by inexperienced users owing to its intelligibility.
  • the invention is simple.
  • the price of the invention is low.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic concept of a heat exchanger according to the state of the art.
  • FIG. 2a-e schematically shows a concept of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • Figure 3a shows different embodiments according to the invention and figure 3b shows less suitable embodiments.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 4.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • FIGURES Figure 1 shows a device with a heat exchanger (HE) (5) according to the state of the art comprising an outside air inlet (1), an inside air inlet (3), an outside air outlet (4), an inside air outlet (2), wherein the heat exchanger always produces energy, i.e. is always active (see figure 1). In this configuration discharge takes place over the heat exchanger.
  • the relevant heat exchanger is a so-called cross-flow heat exchanger (5) such as used by, for example, JE-Stork Air.
  • Outside air (6) flows into an occupied zone, in a building, via the supply inlet (1) to the supply outlet (4).
  • Inside air (7) leaves the occupied zone, in a building, via the discharge inlet (3) to the discharge outlet (2).
  • energy in the inside air (7) is transmitted to the outside air (6).
  • FIG. 2a shows a general concept of a device with a (cross-flow) heat exchanger (5) according to the invention comprising an outside air inlet (1), an inside air inlet (3), an outside air outlet (4), an inside air outlet (2), a hot inside (7) and a cold outside (6).
  • a substantially separate part for cool air is shown on the left-hand side
  • a substantially separate part for hot air is shown on the right-hand side.
  • This heat exchanger has a much higher efficiency, typically in the range of more than 70% to 95% or more.
  • the heat exchanger comprises one air/air heat exchanger, such as typically used, and four liquid/air heat exchangers. In this arrangement, the supply of air is in the vertical direction and the discharge in the horizontal direction.
  • a LAE Liquid-Air Exchanger
  • a LAE is coupled to all four supply (1 and 2) and discharge (3 and 4) inlets (1 and 3) and outlets (2 and 4).
  • T°C temperature sensors
  • RH relative humidity sensors
  • two liquid circuits with three tubes each are integrated, i.e. six in total. These are chosen such that maximum and uniform energy transfer takes place.
  • the liquid flow is circulated, in an example, between LAE 9c and LAE 9b, enabling energy in the inside air (7) flowing in to be transmitted directly via the discharge inlet (3) to the outside air which flows out via the supply outlet (2).
  • the liquid flow is proportionally pumped from 9c to 9a, so that the HE (5) is not subject to condensation or freezing.
  • hot or cold process water is proportionally pumped through 9b, so that heating or cooling can take place.
  • a next example (figure 2b) relates to a cross-flow exchanger (5), LAEs 9a through 9d, temperature sensors (T°C) and relative humidity sensors (RH), such as used in figure 2a (previous slide).
  • a diagonal inlet may be required in certain situations, for example when a horizontal and/or vertical inlet is impossible.
  • corners of LAE 9a and 9c are covered in order to increase the path travelled by the air, thereby causing it to absorb more energy. It is possible to pump CH process liquid through LAE 9b, and to send the return liquid flow proportionally through LAE 9a, so that the HE (5) is not subject to condensation or freezing at moderately cold temperatures.
  • a next example (figure 2c) relates to a cross-flow exchanger (5), LAEs 9a through 9d, temperature sensor (T°C) and relative humidity sensors (RH), such as used in figure 2b.
  • a diagonal inlet and outlet may be required in certain situations where a horizontal and/or vertical inlet and outlet is impossible.
  • corners of LAE 9a and 9c are covered in order to increase the path travelled by the air, thereby causing it to absorb more energy.
  • a next example (figure 2d) relates to a counterflow exchanger (8) having a high efficiency of maximally 96%.
  • the HE shown originates from Brink climate Systems, Type Renovent HR 4/0 R Medium.
  • the type having thin synthetic resin plates has a ventilation capacity of maximally 300 m 3 /h.
  • the present invention typically has a metal, for example stainless steel, casing which is preferably double-walled.
  • Typical dimensions are (WxHxL) 20cm x 30cm x 200cm.
  • one or more dimensions can be adapted.
  • the present invention comprises an insulated or uninsulated hydraulic module with pump, shut-off, thermometer and coupling pieces.
  • the heat exchanger has a cooling output of 600 W-5kW, or an equivalent heating output.
  • the device can be used in extreme circumstances and in a large temperature range, for example of -15°C to 70°C.
  • the operating pressure is for example in the range of 100-1000 kPa (1-10 bar)(on the side of the liquid).
  • the air displacement is of the order of 10-1000 m 3 /h per unit.
  • the unit comprises one or more of: a filter, a speed regulator, a temperature indicator, a temperature control and a time switch.
  • the device may additionally comprise an LED-indication for the state of operation. There may also be a temperature switching hysteresis of, for example, 5°K or less. Besides, the device may have a setting range of, for example, 15°C - 60°C, such as by a
  • the device may also be connected to a controller, for example with a switching hysteresis, which can be grouped individually if necessary, wherein set and actual values can be visualized on a display. If necessary, data can be stored in a log file.
  • a controller for example with a switching hysteresis, which can be grouped individually if necessary, wherein set and actual values can be visualized on a display. If necessary, data can be stored in a log file.
  • Figure 2e shows a general concept of a liquid/air heat exchanger. Typically, 4 such heat exchangers are incorporated in the present invention, as shown in the preceding figures.
  • Typical dimensions are 10 cm (231) by 10 cm (232) by 388 cm (233).
  • a liquid tube has an outside diameter (a) of 8 mm and an inside diameter (b) of 6 mm.
  • the cooling plates have a thickness of approximately 2mm. In this example, 92 cooling plates have been provided.
  • Figure 3a shows a concept of a device comprising a heat exchanger and liquid/air exchangers 9a-9d according to the invention. With this device, the effect described in this application is substantially achieved.
  • Figure 3b shows a concept of a device comprising a heat exchanger and liquid/air exchangers 9a-9d, which produces an incomplete effect, i.e. not all advantages according to the invention are obtained.
  • Figure 4 shows a concept of a device comprising a heat exchanger (5) according to the invention having an outside air inlet (1 ), an inside air inlet (3), an outside air outlet (4), an inside air outlet (2), a cold inside (7) and a cold outside (6).
  • the device is shown for a situation where mainly only ventilation is required.
  • a substantially separated part for cold air is shown on the left-hand side, and a substantially separated part also for cold air is shown on the right-hand side.
  • the ingoing and outgoing air flows have comparable (cold) temperatures, but there may be some temperature difference between them.
  • This heat exchanger is more or less in neutral position and has a much higher efficiency, typically more than 70% to as high as 95%.
  • the heat exchanger comprises one air/air heat exchanger, such as of a type typically used, and four liquid/air heat exchangers. Further, all four liquid/air heat exchangers are connected in series. They are connected in series by virtue of the fact that the device comprises valves, which valves are adjusted such that the heat exchangers are effectively interconnected.
  • this example also comprises one or more pumps (8) for circulating liquid present in the heat exchanger.
  • Figure 5 shows a concept of a device comprising a heat exchanger (5) according to the invention having an outside air inlet (1), an inside air inlet (3), an outside air outlet (4), an inside air outlet (2), a hot inside (7) and a cold outside (6).
  • the device is shown for a situation where mainly only heat exchange is required.
  • a substantially separated part for cold air is shown on the left-hand side, and a substantially separated part also for cold air is shown on the right-hand side.
  • the ingoing and outgoing air flows have comparable (cold) temperatures, but there may be some temperature difference between them.
  • This heat exchanger is more or less in neutral position and has a much higher efficiency, typically more than .70% to as high as 95%.
  • the heat exchanger comprises one air/air heat exchanger, such as of a type typically used, and four liquid/air heat exchangers. Further, all four liquid/air heat exchangers are connected in series. They are connected in series by virtue of the fact that the device comprises valves, which valves are adjusted such that the heat exchangers are effectively interconnected.
  • this example also comprises two or more pumps (8, 9) for circulating liquid present in the heat exchangers. At least one pump circulates liquid in a cold part of the device, while at least one pump circulates liquid in a hot part of the device. In other words, at least one pump is situated on the inside and at least one pump is situated on the outside. The number of pumps is determined, inter alia, by the required capacity in terms of heat exchange and volume/hour.
  • Figure 6 shows a concept of a device comprising a heat exchanger (5) according to the invention having an outside air inlet (1), an inside air inlet (3), an outside air outlet (4), an inside air outlet (2), a hot inside (7) and a cold outside (6).
  • the device is shown for a situation where mainly only heat exchange is required, in combination with heating supplied, for example, by a central heating (10).
  • a substantially separated part for cold air is shown on the left-hand side, and a substantially separated part also for cold air is shown on the right-hand side.
  • the ingoing and outgoing air flows have comparable (cold)
  • the heat exchanger comprises one air/air heat exchanger, such as of a type typically used, and four liquid/air heat exchangers. Further, all four liquid/air heat exchangers are connected in series. They are connected in series by virtue of the fact that the device comprises valves, which valves are adjusted such that the heat exchangers are effectively interconnected.
  • this example also comprises two or more pumps (8, 9) for circulating liquid present in the heat exchangers, for example, with a capacity of 50ml/second-250ml/second.
  • At least one pump circulates liquid in a cold part of the device, while at least one pump circulates liquid in a hot part of the device.
  • at least one pump is situated on the inside and at least one pump is situated on the outside.
  • the number of pumps is determined, inter alia, by the required capacity in terms of heat exchange and volume/hour.
  • This device is further provided with a heating system, such as a central heating system (CH) (10).
  • the CH is coupled on the inside (shown on the right in the figure) to the heat exchanger.
  • this device preferably also comprises at least one temperature sensor (12) for measuring the temperature.
  • the temperature can thus be determined at one or more locations as well as the temperature difference between the one or more locations.
  • the device further comprises a control for controlling the heat exchange, pump power and air flow, and as a result also temperature and ventilation indoors. In this configuration, cold outside air is preheated by means of the egressing inside air.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • a pump is provided, and the CH is coupled through to the liquid/air heat exchangers 9a and 9b. Also heat exchangers 9b and 9c on the one hand and 9b and 9a on the other hand are coupled through. As a result, in the case of extreme cold and/or humidity, outside air can be preheated. By virtue thereof, freezing is precluded.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • a cooler (13) is coupled through to heat exchangers 9c and 9b. Also heat exchangers 9b and 9c on the one hand and 9d and 9a on the other hand are coupled through.
  • the outside contains hot air which is cooled in this manner. Hot outside air is fed back.
  • RH sensors and temperature sensors are integrated.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • a cooler 13
  • a heater 10
  • a controller 15
  • a bus system is provided for communication between the individual parts.
  • two fans are provided.
  • the system for example, fits in the cavity above a (window)frame. Outside air is supplied via the cavity. Inside air is discharged via an aperture above the frame.
  • a controller takes care of the air conditioning, in terms of for example temperature and humidity, by means of cooling and heating.
  • Figure 0 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • two fans (17) are incorporated which, in the case of a sufficient width dimension, are arranged in line and axially with respect to the HE.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • two fans (17) are incorporated which, in the case of a sufficient height dimension, are arranged at right angles with respect to the axis of the HE.
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic concept of a preferred embodiment of figure 2.
  • the HE system By closing valves, the HE system is shut off.
  • one fan is active, i.e. in operation, the other fan is passive.
  • the passive fan and any filters present therein are cleaned. If the situation is reversed, the first fan is cleaned.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un dispositif pour échanger de l'énergie entre de l'air chaud et de l'air froid, tel qu'un échangeur de chaleur, sur une installation comportant un tel dispositif et un ou plusieurs éléments, sur un procédé pour fournir de l'air chaud ou froid, sur l'utilisation d'un tel dispositif ou d'une telle installation, et sur un procédé de nettoyage d'un tel dispositif ou d'une telle installation.
PCT/NL2011/050266 2010-04-22 2011-04-19 Échangeur de chaleur WO2011133027A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11721388.4A EP2577180A1 (fr) 2010-04-22 2011-04-19 Échangeur de chaleur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2004595A NL2004595C2 (nl) 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Warmtewisselaar.
NL2004595 2010-04-22

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WO2011133027A1 true WO2011133027A1 (fr) 2011-10-27

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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BE1020300A3 (nl) * 2011-11-25 2013-07-02 Aeropulmo Bv Met Beperkte Aansprakelijkheid Ventilatie-eenheid, ventilatiesysteem en werkwijze voor het ventileren van een gebouw.
FR3011624A1 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-10 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme et procede de traitement et de conditionnement d'air
CN111928401A (zh) * 2020-08-03 2020-11-13 吉林建筑科技学院 一种自动检测的新风供风系统及方法

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NL8203416A (nl) 1982-08-05 1984-03-01 Plomp Huibrecht Werkwijze en benodigde inrichting voor de verwarming van woningen of gebouwen door middel van industrieel koelwater.
US5024263A (en) 1987-12-18 1991-06-18 Ilmatera Oy Method and apparatus for the control of air flows and pressures in air-conditioning
US5257736A (en) * 1992-08-06 1993-11-02 Donald Roy Self-regulating air ventilation apparatus
DE19827511A1 (de) * 1997-12-11 1999-06-24 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Lüftung und Wärmeenergieversorgung für Niedrig-Energie-Gebäude oder Passivhäuser
DE19844905A1 (de) 1998-09-30 2000-04-06 Thomas Schmeiser Heizungs- und Lüftungsanlage
DE10027467A1 (de) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-06 Inst Luft Kaeltetech Gem Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Raumklimagestaltung in feuchtwarmen und warmen Klimazonen
DE10036079A1 (de) 2000-07-25 2002-02-07 Guenther Geyer Gerät für Wärmerückgewinnung und Feuchtigkeitsregulierung aus der Abluft von Gebäuden
WO2006071117A1 (fr) 2004-12-30 2006-07-06 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Systeme de ventilation
DE102005011222A1 (de) 2005-03-11 2006-09-21 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Lüftungsanlage
DE102005047247A1 (de) * 2005-10-01 2007-04-05 Efs Schermbeck Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Atemluft mit integrierter Wärmerückgewinnung
DE102006048103A1 (de) 2005-10-27 2007-05-10 Glen Dimplex Deutschland Gmbh Wärmepumpe
FR2930981A1 (fr) 2008-05-06 2009-11-13 Sas De Grand Maison Soc Par Ac Chaudiere pour combustible solide, liquide ou pulverulent

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1020300A3 (nl) * 2011-11-25 2013-07-02 Aeropulmo Bv Met Beperkte Aansprakelijkheid Ventilatie-eenheid, ventilatiesysteem en werkwijze voor het ventileren van een gebouw.
EP2597388A3 (fr) * 2011-11-25 2015-07-29 Aeropulmo, besloten vennotschap met Beperkte aansprakelijkheid Unité de ventilation, système de ventilation et procédé de ventilation d'un bâtiment
FR3011624A1 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-10 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme et procede de traitement et de conditionnement d'air
WO2015052151A3 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-06-11 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Systeme et procede de traitement et de conditionnement d'air
CN111928401A (zh) * 2020-08-03 2020-11-13 吉林建筑科技学院 一种自动检测的新风供风系统及方法
CN111928401B (zh) * 2020-08-03 2022-01-14 吉林建筑科技学院 一种自动检测的新风供风系统及方法

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