WO2011130937A1 - 一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法 - Google Patents

一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2011130937A1
WO2011130937A1 PCT/CN2010/074126 CN2010074126W WO2011130937A1 WO 2011130937 A1 WO2011130937 A1 WO 2011130937A1 CN 2010074126 W CN2010074126 W CN 2010074126W WO 2011130937 A1 WO2011130937 A1 WO 2011130937A1
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raman spectroscopy
enhanced raman
body fluid
sample
electrophoresis
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PCT/CN2010/074126
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English (en)
French (fr)
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林居强
陈荣
冯尚源
李永增
陈冠楠
黄祖芳
程敏
俞允
曾海山
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福建师范大学
加拿大Bc癌研究中心
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Priority to US13/255,911 priority Critical patent/US8525980B2/en
Publication of WO2011130937A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011130937A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering
    • G01N21/658—Raman scattering enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of detection methods, in particular to a detection method for detecting surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of body fluids.
  • SERS surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
  • Raman spectroscopy can provide molecular vibrational spectra of sample components, which can detect and obtain the composition and structural information of the sample at the molecular level.
  • the MANN signal is too weak, so it is necessary to adopt a certain technical means to enhance the conventional Raman signal and then perform the detection.
  • SERS Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
  • SERS means that when some molecules are adsorbed onto the surface of some rough metals (such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, etc.), their Raman scattering intensity increases by 10 4 - 10 6 times. This is the SERS effect.
  • SERS technology can achieve single-molecule detection. Therefore, the SERS technique has extremely high detection sensitivity. In addition, the SERS effect is mostly excited by near-infrared laser (785 nm), and the detection power is lower than lmW, and non-destructive detection can be performed on biological samples.
  • Membrane electrophoresis is an electrophoresis technique especially suitable for the separation and analysis of body fluid samples such as blood. It has been widely used in the separation of serum proteins, hemoglobin, globulin, lipoprotein, glycoprotein, alpha-fetoprotein, steroids and isoenzymes. In the analysis, compared with other electrophoresis techniques, such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel electrophoresis, membrane electrophoresis has the following advantages:
  • Membrane electrophoresis is usually named after the membrane medium used.
  • cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis is a membrane electrophoresis method supported by cellulose acetate membrane. Due to the amino acid composition, molecular weight, isoelectric point and shape of various serum proteins. Differently, in the same pH environment, the charge and the molecular size are different, so the migration speed in the electric field is different.
  • the protein has a small molecular weight and a large charge. The migration speed is fast, and the molecular weight is large and the charge is slow. Therefore, the serum protein can be separated by using different swimming speeds.
  • the pathological changes in tissue cells are usually reflected in the three biological molecules of protein, DNA and RNA, but the composition of body fluids and secretions is complex.
  • body fluids and secretions in addition to serum proteins, it contains various components such as glucose, fat, hormones and some foreign substances (such as drugs, bacteria and viruses).
  • the traditional method is to directly perform SERS detection on body fluid samples. It is difficult to analyze the protein, DNA and RNA in the obtained surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of the body fluid. This is because the SERS effect is very sensitive, and the Raman signal of each component in the sample can be obtained. Enhanced, thereby interfering with SERS signals in proteins, DNA and RNA in body fluids.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of body fluids, which can eliminate the interference of other complex components in body fluids on SERS detection of protein, DNA or RNA molecules.
  • the following steps are performed: a) treating the body fluid sample as the upper aqueous phase and the lower solid phase; b) the upper layer water is equally divided into two samples, and each of the two samples is subjected to membrane electrophoresis at the same time; c) after the membrane electrophoresis is finished Taking one of the two samples for staining for comparison to identify the determined position of another unstained sample on the membrane electrophoresis medium, d) the unstained sample is cut together with the membrane electrophoretic medium at the determined position; e) contacting the cut unstained sample with a suitable solvent and incubating at a certain temperature to form a transparent colloid.
  • the surface-enhanced Raman spectra of body fluids of normal people and disease patients were obtained respectively.
  • the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy model was established by principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain the scattering points corresponding to the body fluid samples of normal people and disease patients.
  • PCA principal component analysis
  • Distribution map which can distinguish the surface increase of normal and diseased patients' body fluids Strong Raman spectroscopy, which in turn distinguishes body fluids between normal and diseased patients.
  • the invention has the advantages of eliminating the interference of other complex components in the body fluid on the SERS detection of the protein, DNA and RNA molecules by the membrane electrophoresis technology, thereby fully utilizing the high sensitivity characteristic of the SERS method, and obtaining a high-quality surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of the body fluid, thereby It is easy to analyze and obtain the obtained surface-enhanced Raman spectrum to obtain valuable information.
  • the reinforcing matrix gold sol or silver sol is prepared by hydroxylamine hydrochloride reduction, sodium citrate reduction or sodium borate reduction, and the sol has a diameter ranging from 40 to 70 nm.
  • the sodium hydroxide solution is added to the hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution to prepare a mixture, and the mixture is quickly added to the silver nitrate solution, and rapidly stirred during the addition to form a milky gray silver sol. .
  • the silver sol is prepared by reduction with sodium citrate
  • 10 mg of silver nitrate is dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water, heated to 100 ° C to boil, and then 1 ml of 2% sodium trisodium citrate is dripped. Add, and stir rapidly, and continue to keep boiling for 6 hours after the addition is completed to obtain a silver sol.
  • the silver sol is naturally cooled, it is centrifuged by a centrifugal machine to discard the supernatant, and the concentrated silver sol is removed and stored at room temperature in the dark.
  • the gold sol is prepared by reduction with sodium citrate
  • 10 mg of chloroauric acid is dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water and heated to 100 ° C to boil, then 2 ml of 1% trisodium citrate is added dropwise. , and stir quickly, and continue to keep boiling for 15 minutes after the addition is complete to obtain a gold sol.
  • the gold sol is naturally cooled, it is centrifuged by a centrifuge to discard the supernatant, and the concentrated gold sol is removed and stored in the dark at room temperature for use.
  • the body fluid sample is treated as the upper aqueous phase and the lower solid phase.
  • the upper layer of water is equally divided into two samples, each of which takes an appropriate amount of volume while performing membrane electrophoresis. c) after the end of membrane electrophoresis, one of the two samples is taken for protein staining or nucleic acid (DNA) Or RNA) staining for comparison to identify the location of another unstained sample on the membrane electrophoresis medium. d) The unstained sample is cut at the determined position along with the membrane electrophoresis medium.
  • the unstained sample is contacted with 150 ⁇ l to 500 ⁇ l of a solvent, such as glacial acetic acid, trishydroxymethylaminomethane hydrochloride buffer or RNase-free tris, under suitable conditions.
  • a solvent such as glacial acetic acid, trishydroxymethylaminomethane hydrochloride buffer or RNase-free tris
  • the acid salt buffer 25 ⁇ 65 V
  • the Raman spectroscopy-enhanced matrix is added, and the incubation is continued and stirred. After the solid phase impurities are precipitated, the incubation is stopped and the layer is allowed to stand.
  • the upper layer of the non-chromosomal liquid sample and the SERS-enhanced matrix mixture were subjected to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to discard the underlying solid phase impurities.
  • the mixture was irradiated with a laser light source of 400-850 nm, and the Raman spectrum was taken in the range of 400-4000 CH1 1 to detect the Raman spectrum signal generated by the mixture of the body fluid sample and the Raman spectrum-enhancing matrix.
  • the surface-enhanced Raman spectra of different human body liquid samples were obtained in four steps as described above, and a surface-enhanced Raman spectrum database was established.
  • the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy database was clustered by principal component analysis (PCA) to establish a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy model to obtain the distribution of scattering points corresponding to different human body liquid samples.
  • PCA principal component analysis
  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of body fluids of normal and disease patients was obtained in the following five steps, and a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy database was established.
  • the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy database was clustered by principal component analysis (PCA), and a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy model was established to obtain the distribution map of the scattering points corresponding to the body fluid samples of normal people and disease patients, so that the normal distribution can be distinguished.
  • PCA principal component analysis
  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of human and disease patients' body fluids which can distinguish between normal and diseased patients' body fluids, can be used for disease diagnosis or census.
  • the Raman spectroscopy reinforcing matrix described in the above technical solution is a silver sol or a gold sol;
  • the body fluid refers to blood, plasma, serum, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, saliva, tears, sweat, cell extract, tissue homogenate, vaginal secretion or semen;
  • the non-chromosomal liquid sample is a protein molecule, a DNA molecule or an RNA molecule separated from the body fluid sample;
  • the protein staining method is an amino black 10B staining method, a Coomassie blue staining method or a silver staining method;
  • the nucleic acid staining method is an ethidium bromide staining method or a silver staining method;
  • the mixed solution is a protein silver sol mixture, a protein gold sol mixture, a DNA silver sol mixture, a DNA gold sol mixture, an RNA silver sol mixture or an RNA gold sol mixture;
  • the preparation of the mixture with the Raman spectroscopy-enhancing matrix requires three steps of solvent treatment, incubation and standing stratification;
  • the medium used in the membrane electrophoresis method is a cellulose acetate membrane, a nitrocellulose membrane, a nylon membrane or a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane.
  • Fig. 1 The preparation of the body fluid sample-SERS reinforcing matrix mixture and the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of the present invention are shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the preparation of a body fluid sample-SERS reinforcing matrix mixture and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of the present invention:
  • FIG. 3 is a surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of a control blood sample-silver SERS reinforcing matrix mixture according to the present invention, wherein the abscissa of the Raman spectrum is Raman shift, the unit is the wave number, and the ordinate is the relative of the Raman spectrum. Intensity, the numerical unit is any unit;
  • Figure 4 is a scatter plot of the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy PCA analysis of the above two blood samples according to the present invention, wherein the abscissa is the first principal component, the value is an arbitrary unit, the ordinate is the second principal component, and the value is an arbitrary unit.
  • the circled black dots in the figure represent the surface enhanced Raman spectra of group A human plasma, and the red triangle tips represent the surface enhanced Raman spectra of group B human plasma;
  • Figure 5 is a surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the blood sample-gold SERS reinforcing matrix mixture of the present invention, wherein the abscissa of the Raman spectrum is Raman shift, the unit is the wave number, and the ordinate is the relative intensity of the Raman spectrum.
  • FIG. 7 is a surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the urine-silver SERS reinforcing matrix mixture of the present invention, and Raman spectrum in the figure.
  • the abscissa of the graph is the Raman shift, the unit is the wave number, and the ordinate is the relative intensity of the Raman spectrum.
  • the numerical unit is any unit;
  • FIG. 8 is a PCA clustering diagram for analyzing and analyzing body fluids of healthy people and gastric cancer patients in the present invention, wherein the abscissa is the first principal component, the numerical value is an arbitrary unit, and the ordinate is the second principal component, and the numerical value is an arbitrary unit; Round black dots represent normal healthy human plasma, and red triangular tips represent plasma of gastric cancer patients.
  • the laser wavelength is 785nm
  • the power is 0. l ⁇ 20mW
  • the ordinate is the intensity of the line
  • the abscissa is the peak position of each characteristic line
  • a silver sol was prepared by a hydroxylamine hydrochloride reduction method. 12 ml 0. lmol of sodium hydroxide solution was added to 10 ml of 0.06 mol of hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, and then the mixture was quickly added to 180 ml of 0. 001 lmol of silver nitrate solution, and stirred rapidly during the addition until a uniform milky gray was obtained. Solution. The silver gel was layered by centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 12 minutes in a centrifuge, and the supernatant was discarded. The concentrated silver sol was removed and stored at room temperature in the dark.
  • Cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis Different human blood samples were divided into group A and group B. The blood samples of the two groups were simultaneously operated as follows: The blood samples were centrifuged, centrifuged at 800 rpm for 12 minutes, and the upper serum was extracted as a sample. The spots were sampled on two cellulose acetate strips, and the sampled strips were attached to the filter paper on the support racks on both sides of the electrophoresis tank for electrophoresis. The electrophoresis tank voltage was 180 V and the electrophoresis time was 45 min.
  • the strips are removed, and one of them is directly transferred to the rinse solution for 12 minutes, and after the rinsing, the strips are taken out and placed on the filter paper to be dried. The other one was stained in amino black 10B staining solution for 3 min, and then removed and rinsed in the rinse solution until the background blue was removed. After rinsing, the strip was taken out and placed on a filter paper to dry. At this point, it can be seen that the strip after dyeing shows five zones, which are albumin, ⁇ -globulin, ⁇ 2 globulin, ⁇ globulin and globulin from the anode to the cathode. Using the stained strip as a control, the first protein band near the positive electrode, i.e., albumin, was electrophoresed on the directly rinsed strip and collected in a 1.5 ml test tube.
  • SERS detection Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of albumin was obtained by confocal Raman spectroscopy. The laser wavelength was 785 nm and the power was 3.75 mW. The collection wavelength range was 400 cm ⁇ -lSOOcm 1 , A. The albumin surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy line of the blood samples of the group is shown in Fig. 2. The albumin SERS map in the blood samples of group B was obtained in the same way as the above steps. The difference was that the samples were replaced with blood samples of group B. The albumin surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the blood samples of group B was as shown in Fig. 3. .
  • Acetate membrane electrophoresis Different human blood samples were divided into group A and group B. The blood samples of the two groups were simultaneously operated as follows: The blood samples were centrifuged, centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 min, and the upper serum was extracted as a sample. The sample was sampled on two cellulose acetate strips, and the sampled strips were attached to the filter paper on the support racks on both sides of the electrophoresis tank for electrophoresis. The electrophoresis tank voltage was 15 V/cm and the electrophoresis time was 55 min. Electrophoresis After the completion, the strips were removed, and one of them was directly rinsed and rinsed for 10 min.
  • the strips were taken out and placed on filter paper to dry, and the other was stained in amino black 10B staining solution for 2 min, then removed and then rinsed. Rinse in the liquid until the background blue is removed. After rinsing, the film strip is taken out and placed on a filter paper to dry. At this point, it can be seen that the strip after dyeing shows 5 zones, and albumin, ⁇ -globulin, ⁇ 2 globulin, ⁇ globulin and globulin are sequentially used from the anode to the cathode, and the dyed membrane strip is used as a control. 5 ⁇ The directly rinsed strips of ⁇ ⁇ globulin, ⁇ 2 globulin, ⁇ globulin and globulin globin band was cut off and collected in a 1.5 ml tube.
  • SERS detection The mixed gold nanoparticle-serum globulin complex was transferred to a pure aluminum slide with a pipette, dried naturally, and the sample was detected by a confocal Raman spectrometer to obtain the surface of serum globulin. Enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The laser wavelength used in the sample detection was 785 nm, the power was 0. lmW, and the spectral range was 450 cm - 1750 cm 1 . The surface enhanced Raman spectra of serum in group A blood samples are shown in Fig. 5. The serum globulin SERS map in the blood samples of group B was obtained in the same manner as above, except that the sample was replaced with a blood sample of group B.
  • Acetate film electrophoresis Different urine samples are divided into group A and group B. The blood samples of the two groups are simultaneously operated as follows: The urine sample is spotted on a cellulose acetate film strip by a spotter, and the sample is spotted.
  • the cellulose acetate film strip is attached to the filter paper on the support frame on both sides of the electrophoresis tank for electrophoresis, and the electrophoresis tank voltage is 21V/cm, electrophoresis time 40 min o
  • the cellulose acetate film strip was removed, stained in silver staining solution for 4 min, then removed and rinsed in distilled water until the background color was removed. After rinsing, the strip was taken out and placed. Dry the filter paper.
  • the dyed cellulose acetate film strip shows three protein bands, as shown in FIG. 5 ⁇ The three protein bands were cut off and collected in a 1.5 ml test tube.
  • SERS detection Pipette the mixed silver nanoparticle-urine protein mixture onto a pure aluminum slide, dry it naturally, and use a confocal Raman spectrometer to detect the surface of the urine protein. Enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
  • the laser wavelength used in the sample detection was 785 nm, the power was 0.13 mW, and the spectrum range was 425 cm- ⁇ ⁇ cm- 1 .
  • the surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of urine protein in the urine sample of group A is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the SERS profile of urine protein in group B urine samples was obtained in the same manner as above, except that the sample was changed to control urine.
  • Example 4 Serum protein surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for healthy and gastric cancer patients
  • the concentration of 1. 5 ml is 2%.
  • the preparation of the silver sol is carried out by a sodium citrate reduction method.
  • the silver sol is prepared by dissolving 15 mg of silver nitrate in 75 ml of deionized water, and heating to 100 ° C to boil it, then 1.5 ml of the concentration is 2%. Trisodium citrate was added dropwise and stirred rapidly. After the addition, the mixture was kept boiling for 5 hours. After the silver sol is naturally cooled, it is centrifuged by a centrifuge to discard the supernatant, and the concentrated silver sol is removed and stored at room temperature in the dark.
  • Cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis The blood of patients with gastric cancer diagnosed in the hospital was centrifuged, centrifuged at 100 rpm for 10 min, and the upper serum was extracted as a sample. The sample was sampled on two cellulose acetate strips, and the sampled strips were attached to the filter paper on the support racks on both sides of the electrophoresis tank for electrophoresis. The electrophoresis tank voltage was 15 V/cm and the electrophoresis time was 55 min. After electrophoresis, the strips were removed, and one of them was directly rinsed and rinsed for 10 min.
  • the strips were taken out and placed on filter paper to dry, and the other was stained in amino black 10B staining solution for 2 min, then removed and then displaced. Rinse in the rinse solution until the background blue is removed, and the strip is removed after rinsing Place on filter paper to dry. At this point, it can be seen that the strip after dyeing shows five zones, and the albumin, ⁇ -globulin, ⁇ 2 globulin, ⁇ globulin and globulin are sequentially from the anode to the cathode, and the dyed membrane strip is used as a control. 5 ⁇ The directly rinsed strips of ⁇ ⁇ globulin, ⁇ 2 globulin, ⁇ globulin and globulin globulin were cut off and collected in a 1.5 ml test tube.
  • SERS detection The mixed silver nanoparticle-globulin serum protein mixture was pipetted onto a pure aluminum slide, dried naturally, and the sample was detected by confocal Raman spectroscopy to obtain albumin serum protein. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
  • the laser wavelength used for the sample detection was 785 nm, the power was 0. lmW, and the spectral range was 442 cm - ⁇ 1772 cm -

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Description

一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及检测方法领域， 特别涉及一种用于检测体液表面增强拉曼光谱 ( SERS ) 的检测方法。
背景技术
组织细胞所发生的变化必然伴随着细胞内外生物分子组成和结构的变化，拉 曼光谱技术能提供样品成分的分子振动光谱，从而可检测并获得样品在分子水平 的组成和结构信息，然而常规拉曼信号太弱， 因此需要采取一定技术手段使常规 拉曼信号增强后再进行检测， 表面增强拉曼散射（Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 简称 SERS)就是通常采用的一种增强拉曼信号的手段。 SERS是指 当一些分子被吸附到某些粗糙的金属（如 Au、 Ag、 Cu和 Pt等)表面上时， 它们的 拉曼散射强度会增加 104 - 106倍。 这就是 SERS效应。 理论上 SERS技术可以实 现单分子检测， 因此 SERS技术检测灵敏度极高， 另外， SERS效应多采用近红外 激光 （785nm) 激发， 检测功率低于 lmW， 对生物样品可实现无损检测。
膜电泳是一种特别适合于血液等体液样品分离和分析的电泳技术， 目前已经 广泛应用于血清蛋白、 血红蛋白、 球蛋白、 脂蛋白、 糖蛋 白、 甲胎蛋白、 类固 醇及同工酶等的分离分析中，和其他电泳技术相比较， 如聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及 琼脂糖凝胶电泳， 膜电泳具有的优点如下：
( 1 ) 分离分析快速省时。 以醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳为例， 由于醋酸纤维素薄 膜所容纳的电泳缓冲液较少， 电渗作用也就小， 电流主要由样品传导， 因此分离 速度快， 电泳时间短， 40_60min即可完成电泳。
( 2 ) 灵敏度高， 样品用量少。 以血液样品为例， 仅需 0. 1-2 μ 1血清即可 获得清晰的分离带。
( 3 ) 精确性高， 以醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳为例， 由于醋酸纤维素薄膜对杂质 吸附极少， 因此无"拖尾"现象， 染色后背景能完全脱色， 可获得样品清晰的分离 带， 因而提高了测定的精确性。
膜电泳的原理如下：
( 1 ) 以血清蛋白质的分离和分析为例， 由于各种血清蛋白质的等电点大都 低于 pH7. 0， 在 pH8. 6巴比妥缓冲液中， 上述蛋白均电离出阴离子， 在电场作用 下， 带电荷的血清蛋白会向相反电荷电极泳动， 这一现象称为电泳。
( 2 ) 膜电泳通常以所采用的薄膜介质命名， 如醋酸纤维薄膜电泳是以醋酸 纤维薄膜为支持物的一种膜电泳方法，由于各种血清蛋白的氨基酸组成、分子量、 等电点及形状不同， 在同一 pH环境中所带电荷多少及分子大小不同， 所以在电 场中的泳动速度不同。 蛋白质分子量小而带电荷多者， 泳动速度快， 分子量大而 带电荷少者泳动速度慢， 因此可以利用其泳速不同将血清蛋白质分开。
组织细胞所发生的病理变化通常反映在蛋白质、 DNA和 RNA这三种生物分子 上，然而体液及分泌液成分较为复杂。以血液为例，除血清蛋白外还含有葡萄糖、 脂肪、 激素及一些外源物质（如药物、 细菌和病毒）等多种成份。 传统方法是对 体液样品直接进行 SERS检测， 很难对获得的体液表面增强拉曼图谱中蛋白质、 DNA和 RNA进行分析， 这是因为 SERS效应非常灵敏， 样品中各个成分的拉曼信 号均能得到增强， 从而干扰了体液中蛋白质、 DNA和 RNA的 SERS信号。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法，可消除体液 中其他复杂成分对蛋白质、 DNA或 RNA分子 SERS检测的干扰。
具体通过如下步骤： a)处理体液样品为上层水相和下层固相； b )上层水相 等分为两份样品， 所述两份样品各取适量体积同时进行膜电泳； c ) 膜电泳结束 后，所述两份样品取其中一份进行染色， 用于对比识别另一未染色样品在膜电泳 介质上的所在确定位置， d) 未染色样品在所述确定位置连同膜电泳介质一起切 下； e ) 将所述切下的未染色样品与适当溶剂接触， 并在一定温度下进行孵育， 形成透明胶体， 此时加入拉曼光谱增强基质， 继续孵育并搅匀， 待固相杂质析出 后， 停止孵育并静置分层， 上层为体液样品与拉曼光谱增强基质混合液， 取所述 混合液进行表面增强光谱检测； f ) 不同样品重复以上所述步骤建立表面增强拉 曼光谱数据库； g) 采用合适的分析方法对所述表面增强拉曼光谱数据库进行聚 类分析， 建立表面增强拉曼光谱分析模型。
按照以上所述步骤分别获得正常人与疾病患者体液的表面增强拉曼光谱，采 用主成分分析方法（PCA), 建立表面增强拉曼光谱分析模型， 获得正常人与疾病 患者体液样品对应的散射点分布图，从而可区分正常人与疾病患者体液的表面增 强拉曼光谱， 进而区分正常人与疾病患者的体液。
本发明优势在于通过膜电泳技术消除体液中其他复杂成分对蛋白质、 DNA和 RNA分子 SERS检测的干扰， 从而充分发挥了 SERS方法的高灵敏度特点， 可获得 高质量的体液表面增强拉曼光谱，从而易于对获得的表面增强拉曼光谱进行分析 处理， 获得有价值的信息。
为实现本发明的目的采用的技术方案如下：
1. SERS增强基质的制备
采用盐酸羟胺还原、柠檬酸钠还原或硼酸化钠还原方法， 制备增强基质金溶 胶或银溶胶， 溶胶的直径范围在 40〜70nm之间。
当采用盐酸羟胺还原制备银溶胶时，将氢氧化钠溶液加入到盐酸羟胺溶液中 进行混合制成混合物， 再将混合物快速添加到硝酸银溶液中， 在加入过程中快速 搅拌制成乳灰色银溶胶。 用离心机将上述乳灰色银溶胶以 4000〜5000rpm离心 lOmir！〜 15min 使银溶胶分层， 弃上清液取下层浓縮的银溶胶在室温下避光封存 备用。 上述制备过程中氢氧化钠： 盐酸羟胺： 硝酸银的摩尔比为 1： 0. 6： 0. 011。
当采用柠檬酸钠还原制备银溶胶时， 取 10 mg的硝酸银溶于 50 ml去离子水 中， 加热至 100°C使之沸腾， 然后将 1 ml浓度为 2%的柠橄酸三钠逐滴加入， 并 快速搅拌， 滴加完后继续保持沸腾 6小时得到银溶胶。银溶胶自然冷却后， 用离 心机离心分层，将上层清液丢弃， 取下层浓縮的银溶胶在室温下避光密封存放备 用。
当采用柠檬酸钠还原制备金溶胶时， 取 10 mg的氯金酸溶于 100ml去离子水 中加热至 100°C使之沸腾， 然后将 2 ml浓度为 1%的柠橄酸三钠逐滴加入， 并快 速搅拌， 滴加完后继续保持沸腾 15分钟得到金溶胶。 待此金溶胶自然冷却后， 用离心机离心分层，将上层清液丢弃， 取下层浓縮的金溶胶在室温下避光密封存 放备用。
2. 膜电泳
a) 处理体液样品为上层水相和下层固相。
b) 上层水相等分为两份样品， 所述两份样品各取适量体积同时进行膜电泳。 c) 膜电泳结束后， 所述两份样品取其中一份进行蛋白质染色方法或核酸 （DNA 或 RNA) 染色， 用于对比识别另一未染色样品在膜电泳介质上的所在确定位置。 d ) 未染色样品在所述确定位置连同膜电泳介质一起切下。
3. 未染色体液样品 -SERS增强基质混合液的制备
在适合条件下， 使所述未染色样品与 150 μ 1〜500 μ 1的溶剂接触， 如冰醋 酸、三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐缓冲液或无 RNA酶的三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐缓冲 液， 25〜65 V ,经 10〜40分钟孵育形成透明胶体，此时加入拉曼光谱增强基质， 继续孵育并搅匀， 待固相杂质析出后， 停止孵育并静置分层， 取上层未染色体液 样品与 SERS增强基质混合液进行表面增强拉曼光谱检测， 弃下层固相杂质。
4. 体液样品 -SERS增强基质混合液的拉曼光谱检测
采用 400-850nm 的激光光源照射所述混合液， 拉曼光谱取谱范围为 400-4000CH1 1 , 检测由所述体液样品与拉曼光谱增强基质混合液产生的拉曼光谱 信号。
5. 建立表面增强拉曼光谱分析模型
按以上所述 4个步骤分别获得不同人体液样品的表面增强拉曼光谱，建立表 面增强拉曼光谱数据库。 采用主成分分析方法 （PCA) 对所述表面增强拉曼光谱 数据库进行聚类分析， 建立表面增强拉曼光谱分析模型， 获得不同人体液样品对 应的散射点分布图。
6. 区分正常人与疾病患者体液的表面增强拉曼光谱
按以上所述 5个步骤分别获得正常人与疾病患者体液的表面增强拉曼光谱， 建立表面增强拉曼光谱数据库。 采用主成分分析方法 （PCA) 对所述表面增强拉 曼光谱数据库进行聚类分析， 建立表面增强拉曼光谱分析模型， 获得正常人与疾 病患者体液样品对应的散射点分布图，从而可区分正常人与疾病患者体液的表面 增强拉曼光谱，进而区分正常人与疾病患者的体液， 可应用于开展疾病诊断或普 查。
上述技术方案中所述的拉曼光谱增强基质为银溶胶或金溶胶；
所述的体液指血液、 血浆、 血清、 淋巴液、 脑脊髓液、 尿液、 唾液、 泪液、 汗液、 细胞提取物、 组织匀浆、 阴道分泌液或精液；
所述的未染色体液样品为体液样品中分离出的蛋白质分子、 DNA分子或 RNA 分子； 所述的蛋白质染色方法为氨基黑 10B染色方法、考马斯亮蓝染色方法或银染 色方法； 所述的核酸染色方法是溴化乙锭染色方法或银染色方法；
所述的混合液为蛋白质银溶胶混合液、 蛋白质金溶胶混合液、 DNA银溶胶混 合液、 DNA金溶胶混合液、 RNA银溶胶混合液或 RNA金溶胶混合液；
所述的与拉曼光谱增强基质混合液的制备需经过溶剂处理、孵育和静置分层 三个步骤；
所述的膜电泳方法使用的介质为醋酸纤维素膜、硝酸纤维素膜、尼龙膜或聚 偏二氟乙烯膜。
本发明对体液样品 -SERS 增强基质混合液的制备及表面增强拉曼光谱的检 测见图 1。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明对体液样品 -SERS 增强基质混合液制备及表面增强拉曼光谱 检测示意图：
其中（a) 醋酸纤维素膜电泳分离获得的血清蛋白染色 （左） 和未染色 （右） 膜条； （b) 蛋白银纳米粒子混合液制备过程； （c) 检测获得的血清蛋白表面增强 拉曼图谱， 图中拉曼光谱图的横坐标为拉曼位移， 数值单位为波数；
图 2是本发明对血液样品-银 SERS增强基质混合液的表面增强拉曼光谱图， 图中拉曼光谱图的横坐标为拉曼位移， 单位为波数， 纵坐标为拉曼光谱的相对强 度， 数值单位为任意单位；
图 3是本发明对对照血液样品-银 SERS增强基质混合液的表面增强拉曼光谱 图， 图中拉曼光谱图的横坐标为拉曼位移， 单位为波数， 纵坐标为拉曼光谱的相 对强度， 数值单位为任意单位；
图 4是本发明对上述两种血液样品的表面增强拉曼光谱 PCA分析散点图，图 中横坐标为第一主成分， 数值为任意单位， 纵坐标为第二主成分， 数值为任意单 位； 图中圆形黑色的点代表 A 组人血浆表面增强拉曼光谱， 红色三角尖代表 B 组人血浆表面增强拉曼光谱；
图 5是本发明对血液样品-金 SERS增强基质混合液的表面增强拉曼光谱图， 图中拉曼光谱图的横坐标为拉曼位移， 单位为波数， 纵坐标为拉曼光谱的相对强 度， 数值单位为任意单位； 图 6是本发明对尿液样品进行醋酸纤维素膜电泳后得到的银染图； 图 7是本发明对尿液-银 SERS增强基质混合液的表面增强拉曼光谱图，图中 拉曼光谱图的横坐标为拉曼位移， 单位为波数， 纵坐标为拉曼光谱的相对强度， 数值单位为任意单位；
图 8是本发明对健康人和胃癌患者体液分析判别的 PCA聚类图，图中横坐标 为第一主成分， 数值为任意单位， 纵坐标为第二主成分， 数值为任意单位； 图中 圆形黑色的点代表正常健康人血浆， 红色三角尖代表胃癌患者血浆。
其中图 2、 图 3和图 5中采用的激光波长为 785nm， 功率为 0. l〜20mW， 纵 坐标为谱线的强度， 横坐标为各特征谱线的峰位置， 以波数 （cm 1) 表示。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的方案措施作进一步的说明。
实施例 1
血液与银溶胶混合液制备及表面增强拉曼光谱检测
1 ) 银溶胶的制备： 盐酸羟胺还原方法制备银溶胶。 将 12ml 0. lmol 的氢氧 化钠溶液加入到 10ml 0. 06mol 的盐酸羟胺溶液中， 然后将混合物快速添加到 180ml 0. 001 lmol硝酸银溶液中， 在加入过程中快速搅拌直至得到均匀的乳灰色 溶液。用离心机 4500rpm离心 12min使银胶分层， 将上清液丢弃， 取下层浓縮的 银溶胶在室温下避光封存备用。
2 ) 醋酸纤维薄膜电泳： 将不同人血液样品分成 A组与 B组， 两组血液样品 同时进行如下操作： 血液样品进行离心， 800rpm离心 12min， 提取上层血清作为 样品。通过点样器在两条醋酸纤维薄膜条上点样， 经点样的膜条贴在电泳槽两侧 支持架上的滤纸上进行电泳， 电泳槽电压为 180V,电泳时间 45min。 电泳完毕后 将膜条取下， 其中一条直接移至漂洗液中漂洗 12min， 漂洗后膜条取出置于滤纸 上晾干。 另一条放在氨基黑 10B染色液中染色 3min， 取出后移置漂洗液中漂洗 直至背景蓝色脱净，漂洗后膜条取出置于滤纸上晾干。此时可见染色后的膜条显 示 5条区带， 从阳极到阴极依次为白蛋白、 α ΐ球蛋白、 α 2球蛋白、 β 球蛋白 及 Υ 球蛋白。 以经过染色的膜条作为对照， 将直接漂洗的膜条上电泳时靠近正 极的第一条蛋白质谱带即白蛋白剪下并收集于 1. 5ml试管内。
3 ) 血清白蛋白银纳米粒子混合液制备： 往装有血清白蛋白谱带的膜条试管 内加入 200 μ ΐ冰醋酸。 室温下搅拌直至膜条充分溶解， 溶液呈透明胶状。 在 37 °C水浴环境下， 往试管中加入已预制备用的银溶胶 450 μ 1， 充分搅拌直至膜条 成絮状析出， 停止搅拌， 继续 37°C水浴 45分钟后， 静置分层， 上层水相为血清 白蛋白银纳米粒子混合液。用移液器将所述混合液移至一纯铝载物片上， 自然晾 干。
4) SERS 检测： 利用共焦拉曼光谱仪检测样品获得白蛋白的表面增强拉曼光 谱， 检测样品时采用的激光波长为 785nm， 功率为 3. 75mW， 收集波长范围 400 cm^-lSOOcm 1, A组血液样品中白蛋白表面增强拉曼光谱检测谱线图如图 2所示。 B组血液样品中白蛋白 SERS 图谱的获得同以上各步操作， 不同之处为样品更换 为 B组血液样品， B组血液样品中白蛋白表面增强拉曼光谱检测谱线图如图 3所 示。
5) 将获得 A组和 B组血液样品的白蛋白表面增强拉曼光谱图对应的数据列 表输入 SPSS软件， 数据转置建立样本矩阵， 应用 SPSS软件分析工具栏中的 PCA 方法进行计算， 具体步骤如下： a)计算出样本的协方差矩阵； b)计算出样本协 方差矩阵的本征向量， 本征值按大到小排序； c) 根据本征值定义主成份， 并计 算出各个主成份的贡献率； d) 根据贡献率选择主成份， 要求选出的主成份累计 贡献率达到 70% 以上。 根据选出的主成份建立相应的分析散点图如图 4所示， 从而获得表面增强拉曼光谱分析模型。
实施例 2
血液与金溶胶混合液制备及表面增强拉曼光谱检测
1 ) 金溶胶的制备： 柠檬酸钠还原方法制备金溶胶， 取 10 mg的氯金酸溶于 100ml去离子水中加热至 100°C使之沸腾， 然后将 2 ml浓度为 1%的柠橄酸三钠 逐滴加入， 并快速搅拌， 滴加完后继续保持沸腾 15分钟。 待此金溶胶自然冷却 后， 用离心机离心分层， 将上层清液丢弃， 取下层浓縮的金溶胶在室温下避光密 封存放备用。
2) 醋酸纤维薄膜电泳： 将不同人血液样品分成 A组与 B组， 两组血液样品 同时进行如下操作： 血液样品进行离心， lOOOrpm离心 10min， 提取上层血清作 为样品。通过点样器在两条醋酸纤维薄膜条上点样， 经点样的膜条贴在电泳槽两 侧支持架上的滤纸上进行电泳， 电泳槽电压为 15V/cm,电泳时间 55min。 电泳完 毕后将膜条取下， 其中一条直接移置漂洗液中漂洗 10min， 漂洗后膜条取出置于 滤纸上晾干， 另一条放在氨基黑 10B染色液中染色 2min， 然后取出后移置漂洗 液中漂洗直至背景蓝色脱净，漂洗后膜条取出置于滤纸上晾干。此时可见染色后 的膜条显示 5条区带， 从阳极到阴极依次为白蛋白、 α ΐ球蛋白、 α 2球蛋白、 β 球蛋白及 Υ球蛋白， 以经过染色的膜条作为对照， 将直接漂洗的膜条上 α ΐ 球蛋白、 α 2球蛋白、 β 球蛋白及 Υ球蛋白区带剪下并收集于 1. 5ml试管内。
3 ) 血清球蛋白金纳米粒子混合液制备： 往装有血清白蛋白谱带的膜条试管 内加入 150 μ ΐ冰醋酸。 室温下搅拌直至膜条充分溶解， 溶液呈透明胶状。 在 50 °C水浴环境下， 往试管中加入已预制备用的金溶胶 200 μ 1， 充分搅拌直至膜条 成絮状析出， 停止搅拌， 继续 50 °C水浴 28分钟后， 静置分层， 上层水相为血清 球蛋白金纳米粒子混合液。用移液器将所述混合液移至一纯铝载物片上， 自然晾 干。
4 ) SERS 检测： 用移液器将混合好的金纳米粒子 -血清球蛋白复合物移至一 纯铝载物片上， 自然晾干， 利用共焦拉曼光谱仪检测样品以获得血清球蛋白的表 面增强拉曼光谱。 检测样品时采用的激光波长为 785nm， 功率为 0. lmW， 取谱范 围为 450 cm - 1750 cm 1 , A 组血液样品中血清球蛋白表面增强拉曼光谱如图 5 所示。 B组血液样品中血清球蛋白 SERS 图谱的获得同以上各步操作， 不同之处 为样品更换为 B组血液样品。
PCA分析同实施例 1。
实施例 3
尿液的表面增强拉曼光谱检测
1 ) 银溶胶的制备： 柠檬酸钠还原方法制备银溶胶， 取 10 mg的硝酸银溶于 50 ml去离子水中， 加热至 100 °C使之沸腾， 然后将 1 ml浓度为 2%的柠橄酸三 钠逐滴加入， 并快速搅拌， 滴加完后继续保持沸腾 6小时。 待此银溶胶自然冷却 后， 用离心机离心分层， 将上层清液丢弃， 取下层浓縮的银溶胶在室温下避光密 封存放备用。
2 ) 醋酸纤维薄膜电泳： 将不同尿液样品分成 A组与 B组， 两组血液样品同 时进行如下操作： 尿液样品通过点样器在一条醋酸纤维薄膜膜条上点样， 经点样 的醋酸纤维薄膜膜条贴在电泳槽两侧支持架上的滤纸上进行电泳，电泳槽电压为 21V/cm,电泳时间 40 min o 电泳完毕后将醋酸纤维薄膜膜条取下， 置银染色液中 染色 4min， 然后取出后移置蒸馏水中漂洗直至背景色脱净， 漂洗后膜条取出置 于滤纸上晾干。 此时可见染色后的醋酸纤维薄膜膜条显示 3条蛋白区带， 如图 6 所示。 将 3条蛋白区带剪下并收集于 1. 5ml试管内。
3 ) 尿液蛋白银纳米粒子混合液制备： 往装有尿液蛋白区带的醋酸纤维薄膜 膜条试管内加入 180 μ ΐ冰醋酸。 室温下搅拌直至膜条充分溶解， 溶液呈透明胶 状。 在 42°C水浴环境下， 往试管中加入已预制备用的银溶胶 220 μ 1， 充分搅拌 直至膜条成絮状析出， 停止搅拌， 继续 42 °C水浴 30分钟后， 静置分层， 上层水 相为尿液蛋白银纳米粒子混合液。 用移液器将所述混合液移至一纯铝载物片上， 自然晾干。
4) SERS 检测： 用移液器将混合好的银纳米粒子 -尿液蛋白混合液移至一纯 铝载物片上， 自然晾干， 利用共焦拉曼光谱仪检测样品以获得尿液蛋白的表面增 强拉曼光谱。检测样品时采用的激光波长为 785nm， 功率为 0. 13mW， 取谱范围为 425 cm— ^ δΟ cm—1, A组尿液样品中尿液蛋白表面增强拉曼光谱如图 7所示。 B 组尿液样品中尿液蛋白 SERS图谱的获得同以上各步操作， 不同之处为样品更换 为对照尿液。
PCA分析同实施例 1。
实施例 4 健康人和胃癌患者血清蛋白表面增强拉曼光谱检测
1 ) 银溶胶的制备： 柠檬酸钠还原方法制备银溶胶， 取 15 mg的硝酸银溶于 75 ml去离子水中， 加热至 100°C使之沸腾， 然后将 1. 5 ml浓度为 2%的柠橄酸 三钠逐滴加入， 并快速搅拌， 滴加完后继续保持沸腾 5小时。 待此银溶胶自然冷 却后， 用离心机离心分层， 将上层清液丢弃， 取下层浓縮的银溶胶在室温下避光 密封存放备用。
2 ) 醋酸纤维薄膜电泳： 将医院确诊的胃癌患者的血液进行离心， lOOOrpm 离心 10min，提取上层血清作为样品。通过点样器在两条醋酸纤维薄膜条上点样， 经点样的膜条贴在电泳槽两侧支持架上的滤纸上进行电泳， 电泳槽电压为 15V/cm,电泳时间 55min。 电泳完毕后将膜条取下， 其中一条直接移置漂洗液中 漂洗 10min， 漂洗后膜条取出置于滤纸上晾干， 另一条放在氨基黑 10B染色液中 染色 2min， 然后取出后移置漂洗液中漂洗直至背景蓝色脱净， 漂洗后膜条取出 置于滤纸上晾干。此时可见染色后的膜条显示 5条区带， 从阳极到阴极依次为白 蛋白、 α ΐ球蛋白、 α 2球蛋白、 β 球蛋白及 Υ 球蛋白， 以经过染色的膜条作 为对照， 将直接漂洗的膜条上 α ΐ球蛋白、 α 2球蛋白、 β 球蛋白及 Υ球蛋白 区带剪下并收集于 1. 5ml试管内。
3 ) 血清球蛋白银纳米粒子混合液制备： 往装有血清球蛋白区带的膜条试管 内加入 150 μ ΐ冰醋酸。 室温下搅拌直至膜条充分溶解， 溶液呈透明胶状。 在 37 °C水浴环境下， 往试管中加入已预制备用的银溶胶 200 μ 1， 充分搅拌直至膜条 成絮状析出， 停止搅拌， 继续 37°C水浴 32分钟后， 静置分层， 上层水相为血清 球蛋白银纳米粒子混合液。用移液器将所述混合液移至一纯铝载物片上， 自然晾 干。
4) SERS 检测： 用移液器将混合好的银纳米粒子 -球蛋白血清蛋白混合液移 至一纯铝载物片上， 自然晾干， 利用共焦拉曼光谱仪检测样品以获得白蛋白血清 蛋白的表面增强拉曼光谱。检测样品时采用的激光波长为 785nm， 功率为 0. lmW, 取谱范围为 442 cm— ^ 1772 cm—
5 ) 分析判别： 按实施例 1所述 PCA方法建立胃癌患者血液和健康人血液表 面增强拉曼光谱分析模型， 利用主成分分析得到各个主成分所对应的得分 （PC score ), 以第一主成分（PC1 )和第二主成分（PC2 )分别作为横坐标和纵坐标可 获得健康人与胃癌患者血液样品对应的散射点分布图， 如图 8所示， 圆点 （PC1 小于 0. 3 ) 表示正常健康人血液， 三角形 （PC1大于 0. 3 ) 表示胃癌患者血液。 如果被测者血液的 PC1大于 0. 3， 则它表示该血液样品为胃癌患者血液。 从而可 区分正常人与胃癌患者的血液。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法， 包括：
a)处理体液样品为上层水相和下层固相； b )上层水相等分为两份样品， 所 述两份样品同时进行膜电泳； c )膜电泳结束后， 所述两份样品分离出的蛋白质、 DNA或 RNA样品， 取其中一份进行染色， 用于对比识别另一未染色样品在膜电泳 介质上的所在确定位置； d) 未染色样品在所述确定位置连同膜电泳介质一起切 下； e ) 将所述切下的未染色样品在室温下与冰醋酸接触， 充分搅拌直至形成透 明胶体， 此时加入拉曼光谱增强基质， 并在 25〜65 °C进行孵育并搅匀， 待固相 杂质析出后， 停止搅拌继续孵育 10〜40分钟后静置分层， 上层为体液样品与拉 曼光谱增强基质混合液， 取所述混合液进行表面增强拉曼光谱检测； f ) 不同人 体液样品重复以上所述步骤建立表面增强拉曼光谱数据库； g) 采用 PCA分析方 法对所述表面增强拉曼光谱数据库进行聚类分析，建立表面增强拉曼光谱分析模 型， 获得不同人体液样品对应的散射点分布图。
2、 根据权利要求 1的所述的一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法， 其特征在 于： 按所述步骤分别获得正常人与疾病患者体液的表面增强拉曼光谱， 建立表面 增强拉曼光谱数据库；采用 PCA分析方法对所述表面增强拉曼光谱数据库进行聚 类分析， 建立表面增强拉曼光谱分析模型， 获得正常人与疾病患者体液样品对应 的散射点分布图， 从而区分正常人与疾病患者体液的表面增强拉曼光谱， 进一步 区分正常人与疾病患者的体液。
3、 根据权利要求 1的所述的一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法， 其特征在 于： 所述体液为血液、 血浆、 血清、 淋巴液、 脑脊髓液、 尿液、 唾液、 泪液、 汗 液、 细胞提取物、 组织匀浆、 阴道分泌液或精液。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于： 所述染色方法为氨基黑 10B染色 方法、 考马斯亮蓝染色方法或银染色方法。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法， 其特征在于: 所述拉曼光谱增强基质为银溶胶或金溶胶，所述混合液为蛋白质银溶胶混合液或 蛋白质金溶胶混合液。
6、 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法， 其特征在于： 所述膜电泳方法使用的介质为醋酸纤维素膜、硝酸纤维素膜、尼龙膜或聚偏二氟 乙烯膜。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的一种体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法， 其特征在于: 步骤 e ) 所述表面增强拉曼光谱检测采用的激光光源波长范围为 400-850nm， 所 述拉曼光谱的取谱范围为 400-4000cm—
8、根据权利要求 1至 7所述的体液表面增强拉曼光谱的检测方法， 其特征在于: 所述的检测方法， 可用于开展疾病诊断或普查。
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