WO2011125696A1 - 石炭乾留ガス熱間処理設備及びコークス炉ガス熱間処理設備 - Google Patents
石炭乾留ガス熱間処理設備及びコークス炉ガス熱間処理設備 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011125696A1 WO2011125696A1 PCT/JP2011/057947 JP2011057947W WO2011125696A1 WO 2011125696 A1 WO2011125696 A1 WO 2011125696A1 JP 2011057947 W JP2011057947 W JP 2011057947W WO 2011125696 A1 WO2011125696 A1 WO 2011125696A1
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- coke oven
- gas
- valve
- pipe
- cog
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B27/00—Arrangements for withdrawal of the distillation gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B27/00—Arrangements for withdrawal of the distillation gases
- C10B27/06—Conduit details, e.g. valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coal dry distillation gas hot treatment facility for hot treatment of hot coal dry distillation gas extracted from a coal dry distillation apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a coke oven gas hot treatment facility for treating hot coke oven gas extracted from a coke oven kiln hot among the coal dry distillation gas hot treatment facilities.
- This application claims priority on March 31, 2010 based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-082294 for which it applied to Japan, and uses the content here.
- COG Coke Oven Gas
- a collecting pipe for example, coke oven gas (Coke Oven Gas; hereinafter referred to as “COG”) generated during the dry distillation of coal is collected in a collecting pipe and used as fuel. Since the generated COG is in a high temperature state up to about 1200 ° C., it can be used to recover the sensible heat of the gas or to modify the gas using the high temperature.
- an apparatus for processing such high-temperature COG is referred to as a high-temperature coke oven gas processing facility.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a gas reforming apparatus that reforms high-temperature COG.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a COG sensible heat recovery device.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a COG processing device (heat recovery device) that collects COG by providing a bleed pipe and a shut-off valve for each of a plurality of coke oven kilns and connecting them to a collecting pipe.
- a COG processing device heat recovery device
- FIG. 1 An example of a conventional coke oven will be described with reference to FIG.
- the plurality of coke oven kilns 21 provided in the coke oven of the present example includes a rising pipe 25, a water seal valve 22 and a spray device 23 connected to the rising pipe 25, Each is provided.
- the COG extracted through all the ascending pipes 25 is collected in the dry main 24 which is a collecting pipe and then sent to a COG processing apparatus (not shown).
- Each water seal valve 22 blocks the flow of COG between each coke oven furnace 21 and the dry main 24 as necessary.
- Each spray device 23 cools COG and adjusts the pressure in each coke oven kiln 21.
- the bleed pipe 26 and the shutoff valve 37 are provided with respect to the conventional coke oven kiln 21 shown in FIG. COG is extracted and collected in the collecting tube 28. Further, the collected COG is supplied to a COG processing device 29 downstream of the collecting pipe 28.
- the “coal dry distillation gas” is a mixed gas containing tar vapor generated by dry distillation of coal or coal-derived raw materials and other combustible gases, and continuous or semi-continuous heating such as COG and kiln. Includes gas obtained by carbonizing coal in a furnace and coking gas such as pitch.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-107466 Japanese National Publication No.62-39077 Japanese National Utility Model Publication No. 58-7847 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-55671 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-3088
- the prior art shown in FIG. 2 has the following problems.
- the first problem is that a large amount of deposits are generated in the pipe line including the shut-off valve 37 in contact with the high-temperature COG extracted from each coke oven kiln 21 (hereinafter referred to as “wet COG”).
- the wet COG contains tar, which is a high boiling point gas
- the tar condenses when the temperature of the wet COG drops below 700 ° C. Once condensed, tar has changed properties and often does not evaporate easily even when heated again.
- carbon contained in the wet COG in the form of hydrocarbons such as methane is decomposed at a high temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and precipitated as solid carbon (soot) (this phenomenon is referred to as “coking”).
- the solid carbons once precipitated are firmly bonded to each other, and therefore are not easily hydrocarbonated even when the temperature is lowered again.
- soot dust having a diameter of several ⁇ m to several mm derived from powdered coal is suspended at a high concentration of, for example, 1 g / m 3 or more. For this reason, even if a precise mechanical seal is used to seal wet COG, there is a problem that the dust easily bites into the seal portion of the mechanical seal and extremely deteriorates the sealing performance.
- Patent Document 2 considers that a large amount of tar adhesion inside the shut-off valve is unavoidable, and as shown in FIG. 2, a hot air generator 38 that separately generates a high-temperature oxidizing gas. Is provided, and a hot oxidizing gas is introduced into the valve box through the hot air conduit 39 with respect to the individual shut-off valves 37. According to this structure, the process which burns off the tar adhering to the non-seal part in the valve box can be performed every time the valve is closed. However, operations are complicated and frequent opening and closing is difficult. In addition, this device actively utilizes the inevitable tar adhesion and rotates and slides the valve body on the valve seat while applying a high contact pressure when the valve is closed.
- the adhesion of tar is an essential condition, and it is necessary to cool the wet COG to a temperature of at least less than 700 ° C., desirably 600 ° C. or less, which is a condition for condensing tar.
- the temperature inside the valve box ie, the temperature of the wet COG
- the heat supply to the shut-off valve is performed by oxidizing hot air that passes through the valve box or internal heating by sensible heat of the wet COG, particularly when the flow rate of the wet COG that passes through the bleed pipe is small.
- the amount of heat that can be supplied to the shutoff valve will be insufficient.
- the temperature of the inner surface of the shut-off valve is extremely lowered and most of the tar in the wet COG condenses on the inner face of the shut-off valve and closes the valve.
- the second problem is that, in the method of Patent Document 2, since the tar is condensed in the pipeline system before the wet COG reaches the COG processing apparatus, the amount of tar reaching the COG processing apparatus is reduced. It is to end. Since the main application of the COG treatment apparatus is reforming of tar in COG, at least the above extraction system apparatus cannot be applied to this application.
- the third problem is that, in the technique of the above-mentioned Patent Document 2, an oxidizing hot air gas is supplied into the shutoff valve 37 for preheating the valve and burning off the tar, and the exhaust gas is supplied to the COG processing apparatus via the collecting pipe 28. 29 must be supplied. Since wet COG is a reducing gas, when it is mixed with such an oxidizing hot air gas, useful components in the wet COG are combusted, and low-grade gas components such as CO, CO 2 , or water vapor are used as applications. Since it increases in wet COG, it is not preferable.
- the fourth problem is that in the apparatus of Patent Document 2, the opening / closing operation of the shut-off valve is determined based on the amount of wet COG generated in each coke oven kiln 21, but as described later, There is a possibility that the backflow of the extracted COG to each coke oven furnace 21 may occur.
- the extracted gas may be heated to a temperature higher than the extraction temperature, and if such high-temperature COG flows back into the coke oven kiln, the furnace material is damaged. There is.
- each coke oven kiln 21 performs batch production, the coke oven kiln 21 is often open to the atmosphere for charging, removing, or cleaning the inside of the coke oven kiln 21. Is done. In this way, it is not preferable that the extracted wet COG flow backward to the coke oven 21 that is open to the atmosphere because it will be diffused into the atmosphere.
- a specific kiln is not open to the outside air (that is, when all the kilns are sealed to the outside air)
- the backflow of COG to the kiln can occur.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is capable of supplying wet COG to a coke oven gas treatment device while maintaining a high temperature and preventing backflow to the coke oven.
- the purpose is to provide dry distillation gas hot treatment equipment and coke oven gas hot treatment equipment.
- the coal dry distillation gas hot treatment facility is a hot treatment of coal dry distillation gas extracted from a plurality of coal dry distillation devices at an inflow temperature of 700 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less.
- An apparatus for carbonizing carbon-containing solids a bleed pipe provided for each of the coal carbonization apparatuses; a check valve provided for each of the bleed pipes; and a collecting pipe to which the bleed pipes are connected
- a coal dry distillation gas treatment device connected to the collecting pipe, wherein each of the extraction pipes, each check valve, the collecting pipe, and the coal dry distillation gas treatment apparatus are 700 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less.
- the coal dry distillation gas is flowed in the order of the coal dry distillation devices, the extraction pipes, the check valves, the collecting pipes, and the coal dry distillation gas treatment device.
- the coke oven gas hot treatment facility is a facility that hot-treats coke oven gas extracted from a plurality of coke oven kilns at an inflow temperature of 700 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less.
- a bleed pipe provided for each coke oven kiln; a check valve provided for each of the bleed pipes; a collecting pipe to which the bleed pipes are connected; connected to the collecting pipe
- a coke oven gas treatment device wherein each of the extraction pipes, each check valve, the collecting pipe, and the coke oven gas treatment device are provided in a heating atmosphere of 700 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less;
- the coke oven gas is flowed in the order of each coke oven kiln, each bleed pipe, each check valve, the collecting pipe, and the coke oven gas treatment device.
- the coke oven gas hot treatment facility according to (2) is provided between each coke oven kiln and the inlet of each check valve, and the coke oven gas hot treatment facility is provided in each coke oven kiln.
- An in-furnace pressure gauge that measures a pressure of 1; a collecting pipe pressure gauge that is provided between an outlet of each check valve and the collecting pipe and measures a second pressure in the collecting pipe; The pressure difference between the first pressure and the second pressure is calculated to detect the occurrence of backflow in each extraction pipe, and among the extraction pipes, there is an extraction pipe in which the backflow of the coke oven gas is generated.
- a check valve control device that closes the check valve provided in the extraction pipe.
- each of the check valves is provided with a valve box; a temperature from room temperature to 900 ° C. provided at the bottom of the valve box; A sealing material having heat resistance in a range; penetrating through the valve box and the sealing material so as to open in an internal space inside the valve box and above the surface of the sealing material; A gas inflow pipe into which the coke oven gas flows from each coke oven kiln; an opening in the internal space, and discharge of the coke oven gas from the internal space to the coke oven gas processing device through the collecting pipe A closed position where at least the opening of the gas outflow pipe covers the opening of the gas inflow pipe, and an open position where the opening is taken out of the sealing material.
- a valve body Arranged movably between Body and; a valve body, a valve body moving device which moves between said open position and said closed position; may comprise.
- the wet COG is heated to a high temperature by disposing a pipe system for circulating a coke oven gas (hereinafter referred to as wet COG) including a check valve in a heated atmosphere.
- wet COG coke oven gas
- the two techniques of supplying to the coke oven gas treatment device while maintaining the flow rate and preventing the extracted wet COG from flowing back to the coke oven kiln by providing a check valve in the extraction pipe are provided.
- the coke oven gas can be reliably hot-treated. As described above, in the past, this coexistence was difficult and hot processing of coke oven gas could not be performed.
- the first feature is that a granular material whose physical properties do not change greatly in a temperature range from room temperature to about 900 ° C. is used.
- a sealing material By using as a sealing material, the sealing property of the valve in a wide operating range can be secured.
- the sealing method of a prior art for example, a water seal valve, since water cannot be maintained as a liquid phase at high temperature, this cannot be applied.
- the second feature of the gate valve is as follows.
- the gate valve is used by combining materials different from each other in accordance with required functions.
- a wide temperature range there is a difference in thermal expansion between the parts.
- contact between these parts for example, contact between a valve seat and a valve body, It is difficult to maintain the same fit over the wide temperature range.
- the valve is used at a high temperature of 900 ° C., it is inevitable that the material will be deformed by creep in the long term. Therefore, even if the operating temperature is constant, the same fit over a long period of time. Is difficult to maintain.
- the conventional gate valve has a structure in which the working fluid is sealed by tightening the valve body to the valve seat, when the fitting of the valve body to the valve seat changes, there is a gap between the valve body and the valve seat.
- This causes problems such as incomplete sealing, and conversely, the contact force between the valve body and the valve seat becomes excessive and the valve body does not move.
- sealing is performed by burying the valve body in a layer of a relatively thick sealing material having high mobility, so that it is not necessary to consider fitting, and the above problem is avoided. Can do.
- the third feature of the gate valve is as follows. That is, in this aspect, since a sealing material made up of a relatively large amount of granular material is used, there is an adverse effect on sealing performance due to caulking to the material and tar condensation and solidification, which cannot be avoided with a material in contact with wet COG. hard. That is, in this embodiment, even when caulking occurs in a part of the sealing material on the surface layer, the precipitated carbon is quickly dispersed in the layer by stirring the sealing material by the opening and closing operation of the valve body. It is possible to reduce the influence of deterioration of sealing properties and fluidity of the material. Moreover, in this aspect, since the valve body is frequently buried in the sealing material, the polishing effect of the valve body by the sealing material can be obtained, so that the deposits on the surface of the valve body can be removed.
- the fourth feature of the gate valve is as follows. That is, by using metallic gallium or the like as the sealing material, in this embodiment, it is possible to realize a gate valve that can operate in a wide temperature range from about room temperature to 900 ° C. and can be completely sealed.
- a valve that can be operated in such a wide temperature range is the heat between each component in a temperature range other than a specific temperature at which the valve seat and valve body can contact. Since there is a possibility that a gap is generated between the valve seat and the valve body due to the difference in expansion coefficient, it is not possible to ensure a reliable sealing property.
- the fifth feature of the gate valve is as follows. That is, in this aspect, most of the components of the valve are arranged in the heating atmosphere (for example, in the heating furnace), so that the temperature difference between the components of the valve can be reduced.
- the heating atmosphere for example, in the heating furnace
- tar is deposited on the inner surface of the valve when, for example, wet COG is circulated.
- a method of avoiding heat removal from the high-temperature gas passing through the valve by providing a heating device inside the valve is also conceivable, but in this case, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the valve becomes large. It is difficult to control the inside of the chamber uniformly at a constant temperature.
- these conventional methods cause a large temperature difference between the components of the valve, when the valve is used at a high temperature of 900 ° C., there is a problem that a great thermal stress is generated and the life of the valve is remarkably shortened.
- the temperature of the entire valve can be maintained constant and constant by arranging the valve in a heating atmosphere (for example, in a heating furnace) maintained at substantially the same temperature as the hot gas passing through the valve.
- coal dry distillation gas wet COG
- coal dry distillation gas hot treatment facility coke oven gas hot treatment facility
- heating furnace 33 These series of mechanical elements, that is, the bleed pipe 26, the check valve 27, the collecting pipe 28, and the COG treatment device 29 are accommodated in the heating furnace 33, and when the COG is reformed, the furnace temperature of the heating furnace 33 is changed.
- Heating atmosphere temperature is kept at 700 ° C. or higher, more preferably 800 ° C. or higher to prevent tar condensation in the piping system. Since the temperature of COG generated in each of the coke ovens 21a to 21c (generated COG temperature) is approximately 1200 ° C. or less, the temperature in the heating furnace 33 is set to 1200 ° C. or less so that the generated COG temperature can be maintained. It is preferable. Further, since the temperature of the generated COG is 900 ° C.
- the furnace temperature of the heating furnace 33 in this embodiment is 900 ° C. or less in consideration of the heat resistance of the apparatus used for COG ventilation. Is preferably maintained. In this case, by constantly measuring the generated COG temperature and closing the check valve 27 when this temperature exceeds 900 ° C., the supply of the high-temperature COG to the downstream apparatus can be shut off. .
- a check valve 27 is provided in the middle of each bleed pipe 26 (any position other than the connection portion between the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c and the collecting pipe 28).
- the check valve 27 opens and closes according to the pressure difference between the inlet side and the outlet side.
- the COG processed by the COG processing device 29 is appropriately cooled by the cooling device 30 and supplied to the COG purification device 32 or a COG storage device (not shown). When the ventilation resistance in the COG processing device 29 is large, the required flow rate may be secured by sucking the cooled COG with the blower 31.
- the cooling device 30 Since the COG cooled to about room temperature by the cooling device 30 is in a dry state from which tar content has been removed, a commercially available general blower, valve, or the like can be used as the blower 31.
- the cooling device 30 may be a commercially available scrubber or the like.
- you may provide dust collectors, such as a cyclone, suitably in the middle of a pipeline system.
- the number of the coke ovens 21a to 21c to be extracted is preferably 3 or more from the viewpoint of leveling the amount of COG generated and components. There is no particular restriction on the maximum number of kilns to be extracted, but if the number of kilns is increased, the length of the COG collecting pipe becomes longer, and heating and heat retention during COG air feeding may become inefficient, so the coke oven 1
- the number of kilns per furnace can be, for example, 100 kilns or less.
- COG processing equipment As the COG processing device 29, for example, a COG reforming device shown in Patent Document 4 or a COG exhaust heat recovery device shown in Patent Document 5 can be applied. In these apparatuses, since the supplied COG temperature is preferably about 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C., the apparatus of this embodiment can be suitably applied.
- the extraction pipe 26 and the collecting pipe 28 can be made of heat-resistant stainless steel, heat-resistant nickel alloy, or heat-resistant ceramic.
- the furnace temperature in each of the coke ovens 21a to 21c exceeds 900 ° C., it is preferable to use a material such as a heat-resistant ceramic.
- the inner diameters of the extraction tube and the collecting tube are preferably 100 mm or more.
- the pipe diameter is too large, pipes cannot be installed between the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c, so that the outer diameter of the bleed pipe is an average interval between the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c, for example, less than 1 m. Is preferred.
- the maximum value of the pipe diameter of the collecting pipe when the pipe diameter is extremely large, the heating furnace becomes huge and inefficient.
- Heating furnace 33 a commercially available electric furnace or combustion furnace can be used. All of the mechanical elements to be heated may be housed in one heating furnace 33, or the heating furnace 33 is individually provided for each of the extraction pipe 26, the check valve 27, the collecting pipe 28, and the COG processing device 29. It may be provided. Furthermore, a heating furnace 33 may be provided for each of the extraction pipes 26 and the check valves 27 of the coke oven furnaces 21a to 21c.
- ⁇ Flow of COG> In FIG. 3, when the COG extracted from each coke oven kiln 21a to 21c is in a suitable condition, the check valve 27 of each bleed pipe 26 is opened, and the COG treatment device 29 from the coke oven kiln 21a to 21c is opened. Wet COG is supplied.
- the preferable conditions referred to here are a state in which at least the pressure on the collecting pipe 28 side is lower than the pressure on the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c side.
- a check valve 27 is used as a gate valve. In order to make the function capable of opening and closing at an arbitrary timing using the, it may be added to the preferable COG condition that the COG is above a predetermined temperature.
- the COG temperature in each of the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c may be measured using an equivalent to a furnace thermometer provided as a standard in the conventional coke oven kiln 21.
- the water seal valve 22 of the coke oven furnaces 21a to 21c may be opened or closed.
- a pressure adjusting mechanism of a spray device not shown, so that COG flows out from the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c to both the collecting pipe 28 and the dry main 24, etc. It is preferable to operate.
- the pressure difference between the coke oven kiln and the collecting pipe defined by [the pressure in the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c] ⁇ [the pressure in the collecting pipe 28] is positive, and this pressure difference is
- This value is proportional to the amount of COG generated in the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c (not necessarily proportional to the first order).
- the COG generation rate in the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c is not constant and varies greatly even in a short time. For example, when the heated sintered coke lump is partially deformed or torn, the amount of COG generated suddenly increases in the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c.
- the pressure of the collecting pipe 28, that is, the occurrence of a pressure lower than the average pressure in each of the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c is unavoidable, and unless the check valve 27 is operated appropriately, It may occur constantly that the COG flows backward toward the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c. Therefore, the backflow of the extracted COG to the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c cannot be prevented only by the opening / closing operation of the shutoff valve corresponding to the amount of COG generated in the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c shown in Patent Document 2.
- valve provided in the extraction pipe 26 has at least a check valve function that opens and closes according to the pressure difference between the front and rear.
- the check valve (hereinafter also referred to as a gate valve) 27 can withstand a high temperature environment (700 ° C. or higher, more preferably 800 ° C. or higher) in the heating furnace 33, and its operation is hindered by carbon deposition due to coking. Any type can be used as long as it prevents backflow of the extracted gas to the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c according to the pressure difference between the inlet side and the outlet side of the check valve 27. can do.
- the check valve 27 that can be applied to wet COG more generally is provided between the check valve 27 and the inlet of the check valve 27 from the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c in FIG.
- Each in-furnace pressure gauge 34, a collecting pipe pressure gauge 35 provided between the outlet of the check valve 27 and the collecting pipe 28, and a check valve control device 36 may be provided.
- the measured value of each in-furnace pressure gauge 34 and the measured value of the collecting pipe pressure gauge 35 are input to the check valve control device 36, and the differential pressure between them is calculated.
- the measured value with the collecting pipe pressure gauge 35 is larger than the measured value with the in-furnace pressure gauge 34, it is detected that a reverse flow has occurred in the extraction pipe 26.
- a command for closing the gate valve 27 connected to the extraction pipe 26 where the backflow has occurred is output to the gate valve 27, whereby the extraction gas flows back into the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c. Can be prevented.
- the gate valve 27 may be opened or may be closed for other operational reasons. Can be increased. Another operational reason mentioned here is, for example, the case where the coke oven furnaces 21a to 21c corresponding to the individual check valves 27 are open to the atmosphere, and during that period, the check valves 27 Can always be closed regardless of the presence or absence of backflow detection.
- the valve used as the check valve 27 is not a flow rate adjusting valve such as a damper but a gate valve is as follows.
- the damper gap area ( ⁇ gap width ⁇ tube circumference) sufficiently small with respect to the flow rate of the wet COG, and the flow rate of the wet COG passing through the gap of the damper is set to be small. It cannot be raised sufficiently. Since the damper is based on the principle of controlling the flow rate by pressure loss due to the acceleration of the working gas in the damper gap, the damper cannot function as a flow rate adjusting device under such wet COG flow conditions. This is because the method cannot be applied to 27. On the other hand, the gate valve is suitable for application to the check valve 27 because the flow can be prevented even when the dynamic pressure of the wet COG is low.
- the check valve 27 when the structure of the valve is 900 ° C. or higher, restrictions on applicable materials increase. On the other hand, if the time for the wet COG to pass through the check valve 27 is relatively short and the temperature of the check valve 27 is relatively high, such as about 700 ° C., the average temperature of the COG in the check valve 27 is generally used. Does not fluctuate significantly. Therefore, when the check valve 27 is provided in the heating furnace 33 at 900 ° C. or higher, the check valve 27 may be cooled and at least a part of the valve structure may be maintained below 900 ° C.
- a gas cooling jacket can be provided outside the valve box, and the gas introduced from the outside of the heating furnace 33 can be circulated to cool the valve.
- the driving device itself such as a gas cylinder does not come into contact with the wet COG, so only this portion may be cooled to less than 700 ° C.
- the driving device may be provided outside the heating furnace 33, and the valve body in the heating furnace 33 may be driven using a conduction mechanism (such as a connecting rod) penetrating the wall of the heating furnace 33. That is, providing the check valve 27 in the heating furnace 33 and maintaining it at a temperature of 700 ° C.
- the valve box is provided in the heating furnace 33 and maintained at a temperature of 700 ° C. or higher.
- the check valve 27 is temporarily vented. Even when COG is 700 ° C. or higher, it is possible to prevent occurrence of a region below 700 ° C. in which deposits such as solid (or liquid) tar become prominent at the contact portion of check valve 27 with COG. It is difficult. This is because in such a structure, the heating source of the check valve 27 is only the amount of heat transferred from the COG.
- COG generated (ie, bleedable) in coke oven operations, usually in batch production, is often reduced or stopped. For this reason, the amount of heat per hour supplied from the COG to the check valve 27 becomes almost zero, no matter how strictly the temperature is maintained.
- the valve box of the check valve 27 since the valve box of the check valve 27 is radiating heat to the outside, the temperature of the entire valve box is lowered, and an area of less than 700 ° C. may be generated in the ventilation portion. If a low temperature region of less than 700 ° C. is generated in the COG contact portion in the valve, even if the average temperature of the COG is not greatly reduced, at least the COG in the vicinity of this low temperature region will be reduced to less than 700 ° C. It can occur and adhere to low temperature sites.
- ⁇ Pressure gauge> As the collecting pipe pressure gauge 35 and the in-furnace pressure gauge 34, for example, a commercially available manometer or a diaphragm type pressure gauge can be used. When using a manometer, the gas in the furnace or the tube is not directly brought into contact with the working fluid, but the pressure is measured even with high-temperature wet COG by interposing an insulating fluid such as an inert gas in between. be able to.
- a simple pressure can be used as the pressure gauge 34 in the furnace.
- Detection means can be employed.
- a part of the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c is always opened to the outside air (for example, a gap in the upper lid portion of the rising pipe 25 is opened), and the direction of the gas flow here is obtained by a blowing method or the like.
- the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c have a positive pressure. If the flow is in the reverse direction, the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c have a negative pressure. May be used as a simple means for detecting the pressure in the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c.
- FIG. 4 shows the opened state of the valve
- FIG. 5 shows the closed state of the valve.
- the gas inlet pipe 3 is a part connected to the coke oven furnaces 21a to 21c side of the bleed pipe 26, and the outlet 4 is a part connected to the collecting pipe 28 side of the bleed pipe 26.
- the inside of the valve box 1 is formed by the valve body 2 in which the lower end including the opening 2a of the valve body 2 is buried in the sealing material 5 from the upper side to the lower side.
- the space 19 on the side where the gas inflow pipe 3 is located and the space 20 on the other side of the gas outflow pipe are separated. As a result, the flow of hot working gas from the gas inflow pipe 3 to the gas outflow pipe 4 is blocked.
- valve body lowering position A small amount of working gas can flow through the gap between the sealing materials 5, but when the depth of the valve body 2 embedded in the sealing material 5 is sufficient, the sealing material 5 having a sufficiently large ventilation resistance is used. If used, substantial gas sealing can be realized.
- the embedment depth of the valve body 2 in the sealing material 5 can be, for example, 10 mm or more and 1 m or less. When the burying amount is shallower than this, the sealing performance by the sealing material 5 is insufficient. On the other hand, when the burying amount is deeper than this, the device has a higher sealing ability than the realizable sealing ability. Too expensive.
- the depth of the valve body 2 embedded in the sealing material 5 is adjusted. Can be set to a desired depth.
- valve element elevating device 8 connected to the valve element 2 is operated.
- a bellows 14 is provided between the valve body 2 and the valve box 1, and the influence of the relative movement amount between the valve body 2 and the valve box 1 is absorbed here.
- the valve box 1 is installed in a high-temperature heating furnace 33.
- the height of the valve box 1 can be 100 mm or more and 4 m or less, for example.
- the layer thickness of the sealing material 5 can be 10 mm or more and 1 m or less, for example.
- the opening diameters of the gas inflow pipe 3 and the gas outflow pipe 4 in the valve box 1 can be, for example, 10 mm or more and 300 mm or less.
- a commercially available actuator capable of moving up and down can be used.
- an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a rack and pinion propulsion device, a ball screw propulsion device, or a linear motor can be used.
- a heat-resistant actuator may be used in the valve body lifting device 8 and installed in the heating furnace 33 to reduce the size of the equipment.
- the method of adjusting the raising / lowering position of the valve body 2 may be performed manually, or may be automatically controlled by separately providing a distance meter, a load meter, and a control device.
- the stroke of the valve body lifting / lowering device 8 can be set to 20 mm or more and 2 m or less, for example.
- the apparatus disposed in the heating furnace 33 has the required strength, rigidity, and durability in a high temperature environment from room temperature to about 900 ° C. Anything can be used.
- the bellows 14 which is a deformable part is made of heat-resistant stainless steel or a metal such as heat-resistant nickel alloy such as Inconel or Hastelloy, and for other parts, in addition to the above materials, graphite, carbon composite, Alumina, calcia, magnesia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- these materials can be applied by maintaining the inside of the heating furnace 33 in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example, a nitrogen atmosphere.
- a non-oxidizing atmosphere for example, a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the furnace temperature in the heating furnace 33 can be set to a value exceeding 900 ° C., it is preferable to use a material such as a heat-resistant ceramic as the material of the structural material.
- metal gallium is used for the sealing material 5
- an alloy can be formed with the metal material, so that the metal gallium wetted part has a structural material using the above-mentioned various ceramics or the above-mentioned various ceramic materials.
- a structural material in which a metal material is coated can be used.
- the sealing material 5 has a strength that can withstand fluidization from room temperature to a high temperature of about 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C., and causes chemical reaction with the working gas, its own thermal decomposition, sintering, and phase transformation. Any material can be used as long as there is no granular material.
- a material mainly composed of one or a combination of two or more of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide can be used. .
- These materials are easily obtained industrially, are stable in the temperature range from room temperature to 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C., have low reactivity with wet COG, and also have low sinterability in this temperature range. This is suitable because the fluidity of the particles is hardly impaired.
- other substances for example, silica sand
- the transformation occurs in this temperature range, so that the particles are easily collapsed and are not suitable as the sealing material 5.
- soda glass particles softening and sintering can occur in this temperature range, so that the fluidity of the particles cannot be ensured and insertion of the valve body 2 into the sealing material 5 can be hindered.
- the sealing material 5 is not suitable.
- the main body means that the above-mentioned particles occupy 50% by mass or more, and the properties of the above-mentioned particles, in particular, the temperature range from room temperature to 900 ° C. to 1200 ° C. is stable, and the wet COG
- boron nitride particles can be added to the particles in a range of, for example, about 5% by mass or less.
- boron nitride Since boron nitride has high solid lubricity at high temperatures, an effect of improving the fluidity of the particles can be expected by adding a small amount to the above particles. However, since boron nitride grains have low mechanical strength and easily disintegrate, it is difficult to maintain the desirable grain range shown below for a long period of time, so there is a problem in adding a large amount. Further, it is not always necessary to use a high-purity granule as the fluid particle. For example, a granule composed of particles containing silicon oxide and having a mullite alumina-silica composition may be used. Any silica content ratio range (for example, 30% by mass or less) that does not significantly impair the properties of the above-described granules can be applied.
- the particle diameter of the sealing material 5 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. When the particle size is smaller than this range, the particles are rolled up along with the valve body 2 in the valve box 1 when the valve body 2 is opened and closed, and the particles flow out from the gas outflow pipe 4 together with the working gas. Therefore, it is not preferable. Moreover, when the particle diameter of a granule is larger than this range, since the sealing performance by a granule deteriorates extremely, it is not suitable.
- the shape of the sealing material 5 is preferably substantially spherical in most of the granules.
- the substantially spherical shape is a particle in which the sphericity of each particle in the granule (the maximum radial distance between the smallest spherical surface circumscribing the particle surface and the particle surface) is approximately 20% or less of the particle radius, and Any shape that does not have sharp corners may be used. Since such a particle can increase the filling rate when laminated, it is suitable as the sealing material 5 from the viewpoint of securing the sealing property, and it is excellent in fluidity so that the valve body 2 is sealed.
- the sealing material 5 is advantageous in that the resistance when buried in the material 5 is small.
- the substantially spherical particles can be formed by a rolling granulation method, a spray drying granulation method, a spraying method, or the like, and commercially available ones can be used.
- particles produced by a crushing method have a sharp portion on the particle surface and are not suitable as the sealing material 5.
- the sealing material for example, even when a differential pressure of, for example, 100 Pa is applied between the gas inflow pipe side space 19 and the gas outflow pipe side space 20 with the valve closed, the sealing material The flow rate of the working gas flowing through the layer can be 1 mm / second or less, and high sealing performance of the valve can be ensured.
- the sealing material 5 can be a liquid metal mainly composed of metallic gallium. Since the melting point of metal gallium is 29 ° C. and the boiling point is 2000 ° C. or higher, the sealing material 5 is maintained in the range of the working gas temperature from room temperature to 1200 ° C. by maintaining the furnace temperature of the heating furnace 33 at the melting point or higher. Can maintain the liquid phase. For example, since the vapor pressure of metallic gallium at 900 ° C. is extremely low, about 0.1 Pa or less, there are a number of problems that may occur due to evaporation of the sealing material 5, for example, the sealing material in the facility downstream of the check valve 27. It can be avoided that 5 becomes a solidified deposit.
- the main body means that the metal gallium in the liquid metal occupies 50% by mass or more, which is higher than the properties of the metal gallium, particularly the low-temperature melting point of about room temperature or less, and the operating temperature of wet COG.
- a small amount of impurities or additives can be contained in the metal gallium, as long as the advantage of having a sufficiently high boiling point is not significantly impaired.
- the liquid metal containing 68.5% by mass of metal gallium, 21.5% by mass of indium and 10% by mass of tin occupies most of the components, and has a melting point of ⁇ 19 ° C. and a boiling point of 1300 ° C. or higher. Therefore, it cannot be said that the properties of metallic gallium are greatly impaired.
- the liquid metal mainly composed of metallic gallium in the present embodiment.
- a material such as recycled gallium which can contain impurities in the order of about 1% by mass, also satisfies the condition that the melting point is a low temperature of about room temperature or lower and the boiling point is sufficiently higher than the operating temperature of wet COG.
- it is included in the liquid metal mainly composed of metallic gallium.
- metal gallium When metal gallium is used for the sealing material 5, liquid gallium is oxidized from the surface to an oxidizing working gas, and a hard surface layer of gallium oxide is generated, which can hinder the opening and closing operation of the valve and There is a problem that causes wear. Also, since metal gallium expands when it solidifies, if the valve is cooled uniformly from the surroundings when the valve is not in use, solidification occurs from the surface of the metal gallium, and a strong pressure is applied when the liquid confined inside solidifies later. May occur and destroy the container.
- the metal gallium which is the sealing material 5 is made of particles mainly composed of one or more of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide. Can be loaded on top. Since all of these grains have a density lower than that of metal gallium, a stable layer is formed on the metal gallium. When the particles are loaded, the particles should be allowed to stand on the metal gallium because the particles are taken into the metal gallium if vigorously stirred. By loading such particles on the metal gallium, aeration on the metal gallium surface can be inhibited and oxidation of the metal gallium can be suppressed.
- the granular layer on the metal gallium functions as a heat insulating material and keeps the surface of the metal gallium when the valve is cooled, solidification occurs from the container wall other than the surface, and finally the metal gallium surface solidifies. . Therefore, the above-mentioned problem of container breakage can be avoided. Since the particles on the metal gallium can be freely separated from each other, the particles can be arranged so as not to prevent passage of the particle layer of the valve body 2.
- the thickness of the granule layer is preferably in the range of 1 mm to 100 mm. In the case of a granular layer thinner than this range, since the air permeability is high and the heat retention is low, the effect of the granular layer is remarkably reduced. In the case of a granular layer thicker than this range, the resistance when the valve element 2 passes through the granular layer is increased, which is not preferable because it may obstruct the opening and closing of the valve.
- the particle diameter of the granules is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. In the case of particles smaller than this range, it is not preferable because the particles are likely to be scattered inside the valve box 1. In addition, particles larger than this range are not preferable because the ability to inhibit air permeability becomes extremely low.
- the sealing material 5 is not limited only to the kind described in this embodiment.
- high-purity tungsten oxide is a highly stable substance at high temperatures, if it can be produced in large quantities with a predetermined particle size, it can be applied to the sealing material of the present invention.
- the coke oven gas hot treatment facility (coal dry distillation gas hot treatment facility) of this embodiment is a wet COG (coke oven gas, extracted from a plurality of coke oven furnaces (coal dry distillation devices) 21a to 21c).
- Coal dry distillation gas is hot-treated at an inflow temperature of 700 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less to obtain a desired substance or energy.
- the coke oven gas hot treatment equipment includes a bleed pipe 26 provided for each of the coke furnace kilns (coal dry distillation apparatuses) 21a to 21c; a check valve 27 provided for each of the bleed pipes 26; A collecting pipe 28 to which the extraction pipe 26 is connected; and a COG processing device (coal dry distillation gas processing device) 29 connected to the collecting pipe 28. Further, each extraction pipe 26, each check valve 27, collecting pipe 28, and COG treatment device (coal dry distillation gas treatment device) 29 are formed in the heating furnace 33 in a heating atmosphere of 700 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less. Is provided.
- each extraction pipe 26 each check valve 27, collecting pipe 28, and COG treatment apparatus (coal dry distillation gas treatment apparatus) 29, wet COG (coal Dry distillation gas).
- the coke oven gas hot treatment facility is provided between the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c and the inlets of the check valves 27, and the first pressure in each coke oven kiln 21a to 21c is provided.
- An in-furnace pressure gauge 34 for measuring the pressure; a collecting pipe pressure gauge 35 provided between the outlet of each check valve 27 and the collecting pipe 28 for measuring a second pressure in the collecting pipe 28; And the second pressure are input, and the differential pressure between them is calculated to detect the occurrence of backflow in each extraction pipe 26, and the backflow of coke oven gas is generated in each extraction pipe 26c.
- a check valve control device 36 for closing a check valve (gate valve) 27 provided in the extraction pipe 26 when the extraction pipe 26 is provided.
- each check valve (gate valve) 27 is provided at the bottom of the valve box 1; A sealing material 5 having heat resistance in a temperature range; penetrating the valve box 1 and the sealing material 5 so as to open in the inner space A1 inside the valve box 1 and above the surface 5a of the sealing material 5
- a gas inflow pipe 3 into which coke oven gas from each of the coke oven kilns 21a to 21c flows; an opening in the internal space A1, and a COG treatment device (coke oven gas treatment device, coal dry distillation gas from the internal space A1)
- a gas outlet pipe 4 for discharging the coke oven gas toward the processing device 29; a closed position where at least the opening 2 a is buried in the sealing material 5 in a state of covering the opening 3 a of the gas inlet pipe 3;
- the opening 2a is removed from the stopper 5
- a valve body 2 arranged so as to be movable between the released open position; and a valve body lifting / lowering device (val
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年03月31日に、日本国に出願された特願2010-082294号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
従来のコークス炉の一例を、図1を用いて説明する。同図に示すように、本例のコークス炉に備えられている複数のコークス炉窯21には、上昇管25と、この上昇管25に接続された水封弁22及びスプレー装置23とが、それぞれ設けられている。そして、全ての上昇管25を通して抽気されたCOGは、集合管であるドライメーン24に集められた後、図示しないCOG処理装置へと送られる。水封弁22とスプレー装置23は、通常、一体構造のものが使用される。各水封弁22は、各コークス炉窯21とドライメーン24との間におけるCOGの流通を必要に応じて阻止する。各スプレー装置23は、COGの冷却と、各コークス炉窯21内の圧力調整とを行う。
尚、「石炭乾留ガス」とは、石炭または石炭由来の原料を乾留して発生するタール蒸気およびその他の可燃性ガスを含む混合ガスのことであり、COG、キルン等の連続または半連続式加熱炉で石炭を乾留したガスや、ピッチ等のコーキングガスを含む。
第1の問題は、各コークス炉窯21から抽気した高温COG(以下、「ウェットCOG」と称する)に接する、遮断弁37を含む管路内に、大量の付着物が生じるという問題である。具体的には、ウェットCOG中には高沸点ガスであるタールが含有されているため、700℃未満にウェットCOGの温度が低下すると、タールが凝縮する。一旦凝縮した後のタールは性質が変化しており、再度加熱しても容易には蒸発しない場合が多い。また、ウェットCOG中にメタン等の炭化水素の形で含有されていた炭素が、700℃以上の高温で分解して固体の炭素(煤)として析出する(この現象を「コーキング」と称する)。一旦析出した固体炭素は、互いに強固に結合しているため、その温度を再度低下させても容易には炭化水素化しない。
(1)すなわち、本発明の一態様に係る石炭乾留ガス熱間処理設備は、複数の石炭乾留装置から抽気した石炭乾留ガスを700℃以上かつ1200℃以下の流入温度で熱間処理することで、炭素含有固形物を乾留する設備であって、前記石炭乾留装置毎に設けられた抽気管と;これら抽気管のそれぞれに設けられた逆止弁と;前記各抽気管が接続された集合管と;この集合管に接続された石炭乾留ガス処理装置と;を備え、前記各抽気管、前記各逆止弁、前記集合管、及び前記石炭乾留ガス処理装置が、700℃以上かつ1200℃以下の加熱雰囲気内に設けられ;前記各石炭乾留装置、前記各抽気管、前記各逆止弁、前記集合管、そして前記石炭乾留ガス処理装置の順で、前記石炭乾留ガスが流される。
仕切弁は、要求される機能に応じてその各部品間で互いに異なる材料を組み合わせて用いることが一般的である。このような仕切弁が広い温度範囲で使用される場合、前記各部品間で熱膨張差が生じるので、これら部品間の接触、例えば、弁座と弁体との間の接触において、機械加工で言うところの嵌め合いを広い温度範囲で同一状態に維持することは困難である。また、900℃といった高温で弁が使用される場合、長期的には、クリープによって材料が変形することが避けられないので、作動温度が一定であっても、長期間に渡って同一の嵌め合いを維持することは困難である。従来の仕切弁は、弁体を弁座に締め付けることによって作動流体の封止を行う構造であるので、弁座に対する弁体の嵌め合いが変化すると、弁体と弁座との間に隙間を生じて封止が不完全となることや、逆に、弁体と弁座との間の接触力が過大となって、弁体が動かなくなるといった問題が起きる。一方、本態様では、可動性の高い、比較的厚い封止材の層内に弁体を埋没させることによって封止を行うので、嵌め合いを考慮する必要はなく、上記の問題を回避することができる。
すなわち、本態様では、比較的多量の粒状体からなる封止材を用いるので、ウェットCOGに接触する材料で避けることのできない、材料へのコーキングやタール凝縮固化による封止性への悪影響を受け難い。即ち、本態様では、表層の封止材の一部にコーキングを生じた場合でも、弁体の開閉動作等による封止材の撹拌によって速やかに層内に析出カーボンを分散化するので、封止材の封止性・流動性悪化の影響を低減することができる。また、本態様では、弁体を頻繁に封止材に埋没させることにより、封止材による弁体の研磨効果を得ることが出来るので、弁体表面の付着物を除去することができる。
すなわち、金属ガリウムなどを封止材に用いることにより、本態様では、ほぼ常温から900℃といった広い温度範囲で動作可能で、かつ、完全な封止ができる仕切弁を実現することができる。従来のメタルタッチによる封止構造を持つ弁の場合、このような広い温度範囲で動作可能なものは、弁座と弁体が接触可能な特定の温度以外の温度域では、各部品間の熱膨張率差によって弁座及び弁体間で隙間を生じる虞があるため、確実な封止性を確保することはできない。
すなわち、本態様では弁の構成要素の大半を加熱雰囲気内(例えば加熱炉内)に配置するので、弁の各部品間の温度差を低減することができる。従来の高温ガスを流通させる弁では、高温ガスとの接触部位である内側を高温に保ち、かつ、弁の外側を低温に保つことにより、弁の強度と作業性とを確保することが指向されてきた。このような設計前提で、弁に加熱装置を設けない場合、弁を通過する高温ガスは弁によって冷却されるので、例えばウェットCOGを流通させる際にタールが弁内面に析出するのを避けられない。また、弁の内部に加熱装置を設けることによって弁を通過する高温ガスからの抜熱を避ける方法も考えられるが、この場合、弁の内部と外部との間で温度差が大きくなるため、弁の内部を一様に一定温度に制御することが困難である。また、これら従来の方法では、弁の各部品間に大きな温度差が生じるので、900℃といった高温で弁を使用する場合、大きな熱応力を生じて弁の寿命を著しく短くしてしまう問題も生じる。本態様では、弁を通過する高温ガスとほぼ同一の温度に保持された加熱雰囲気内(例えば加熱炉内)に弁を配置することによって弁全体の温度を一様、かつ、一定に保持できるので、上記の従来技術での問題を回避することができる。
<装置構成>
図3を用いて、本実施形態に係る高温コークス炉ガス熱間処理設備を説明する。図3に示す高温コークス炉ガス熱間処理設備では、図1に示した従来の各コークス炉窯21に対応する各コークス炉窯21a~21cのそれぞれに対して抽気管26と逆止弁27を設けるとともに、これらを介してウェットCOG(以下、単にCOGと称する場合がある)を集合管28に集めている。そして、この集合管28に接続されたCOG処理装置29にCOGを供給している。これら一連の機械要素、すなわち、抽気管26、逆止弁27、集合管28、COG処理装置29は、加熱炉33内に収納されており、COGの改質時には、加熱炉33の炉内温度(加熱雰囲気温度)を700℃以上、より好ましくは、800℃以上に保持して、配管系内でのタールの凝縮を防止する。
各コークス炉窯21a~21c内において発生するCOGの温度(発生COG温度)は概ね1200℃以下であるので、加熱炉33内の温度は、この発生COG温度を維持できるように1200℃以下とすることが好ましい。また、大半の操業時間において、発生するCOGの温度は900℃以下であるので、COGの通気に用いる装置の耐熱性を考慮すると、本実施形態での加熱炉33の炉内温度を900℃以下に維持することが好ましい。この場合、発生したCOG温度を常に測定して、この温度が900℃を超えた場合に逆止弁27を閉止することによって、その下流側の装置への高温COGの供給を遮断することができる。
COG処理装置29には、例えば、特許文献4に示されるCOG改質装置や、特許文献5に示されるCOG排熱回収装置を適用することができる。これらの装置では、供給されるCOG温度が700℃から900℃~1200℃程度であることが好ましいので、本実施形態の装置を好適に適用することができる。
抽気管26及び集合管28は、耐熱ステンレス製、耐熱ニッケル合金製、又は、耐熱セラミックス製の管を使用することができる。各コークス炉窯21a~21c内の炉内温度が900℃を超える場合には、耐熱セラミックス等の材料を用いることが好ましい。本実施形態では、抽気COGを700℃以上に保持するのでタールの凝縮が生じないものの、高温でのCOG熱分解による管路内面への炭素の析出が多少は避けられないので、閉塞防止の観点から、抽気管及び集合管の内径は、100mm以上であることが好ましい。また、配管径が大き過ぎると各コークス炉窯21a~21c間に配管が設置できなくなるので、抽気管の外径は、各コークス炉窯21a~21c間の平均間隔、例えば、1m未満であることが好ましい。集合管の管径の最大値に特段の制約はないが、極端に大きい管径の場合、加熱炉が巨大となって非効率なので、例えば、直径3m以下とすることが好ましい。
加熱炉33としては、市販の電気炉や燃焼炉を用いることができる。上記の加熱されるべき機械要素の全てを1台の加熱炉33に収めてもよいし、抽気管26及び逆止弁27、集合管28、COG処理装置29のそれぞれについて個別に加熱炉33を設けてもよい。さらに、各コークス炉窯21a~21cの抽気管26及び逆止弁27毎に個別に加熱炉33を設けてもよい。
図3において、各コークス炉窯21a~21cから抽出されたCOGが好適な条件にある場合、各抽気管26の逆止弁27がそれぞれ開放されて、コークス炉窯21a~21cからCOG処理装置29までウェットCOGが供給される。ここで言う、好適な条件とは、少なくとも、集合管28側の圧力がコークス炉窯21a~21c側の圧力よりも小さい状態であり、この他、後述のように、逆止弁27として仕切弁を用いて任意のタイミングで開閉できる機能とする場合には、COGが所定温度以上にあることも好適なCOGの条件に加えてよい。
各コークス炉窯21a~21c内でのCOG温度は、従来のコークス炉窯21に標準的に備えられている炉温計と同等ものを用いて測定すればよい。逆止弁27が開放されている状態では、そのコークス炉窯21a~21cの水封弁22は開放されていてもよいし、閉止されていてもよい。ここで、水封弁22が開放されている場合には、コークス炉窯21a~21cから集合管28とドライメーン24の双方にCOGが流出するように、図示されない、スプレー装置の圧力調整機構等を操作することが好ましい。
<逆止弁の構成>
逆止弁(以下、仕切弁と呼ぶ場合もある)27は、加熱炉33内の高温環境(700℃以上、より好ましくは800℃以上)に耐え、コーキングによるカーボンの析出によっても動作が阻害されず、かつ、逆止弁27の入側-出側間の圧力差に応じて、コークス炉窯21a~21cへの抽気ガスの逆流を防止できるものであれば、どのような形式のものでも採用することができる。
ここで、逆止弁27として用いる弁が、ダンパ等の流量調整弁ではなく、仕切弁に限定されるのは、以下の理由による。前述のように、ウェットCOGを操作する際には、タールやカーボンの析出・付着が多かれ少なかれ避けられないので、弁体と弁座との間に常に隙間を設けることが前提とされるが、ダンパ等の流量調整弁では、このようなタールやカーボンの析出・付着によって弁体の動作を阻害しないように、隙間幅を大きく設定せざるを得ない。一方、前述のように、ウェットCOGが通過する抽気管26及び逆止弁27の内径は、十分に大きく設定しなければならない。このため、ダンパの隙間の面積(≒隙間幅×管の円周)は、ウェットCOGの流量に対して、十分に小さく設定することが困難であり、ダンパの隙間を通過するウェットCOGの流速を十分に高めることができない。ダンパでは、ダンパ隙間での作動ガスの増速による圧力損失によって流量を制御する原理であるので、このようなウェットCOGの流れ条件では、ダンパは流量調整装置として機能し得ないので、逆止弁27には適用できないからである。これに対して、仕切弁であれば、ウェットCOGの動圧が低くても、その流れを阻止することができるので、逆止弁27への適用に好適である。
このような構造の逆止弁27の場合、弁の構造体が900℃以上である場合には、適用可能な材料の制約が大きくなる。一方、ウェットCOGが逆止弁27を通過する時間は比較的短く、かつ、逆止弁27の温度が700℃程度以上と比較的高温であれば、一般に逆止弁27中でCOGの平均温度は大きくは変動しない。そこで、900℃以上の加熱炉33内に逆止弁27を設ける場合には、逆止弁27を冷却して、少なくとも、弁構造体の一部を900℃未満に維持してもよい。加熱炉33内で弁を冷却する手段として、弁箱の外側にガス冷却ジャケットを設け、これに加熱炉33外から導入したガスを流通させて弁の冷却を行うことができる。また、前記の駆動装置を用いる逆止弁27の場合、ガスシリンダ等の駆動装置自身は、ウェットCOGと接触するわけではないので、この部分のみ、700℃未満に冷却してもよい。さらに、駆動装置のみ加熱炉33の外に設けて、加熱炉33の壁を貫通する伝導機構(コネクティングロッド等)を用いて、加熱炉33内の弁体を駆動してもよい。即ち、逆止弁27を加熱炉33内に設けて700℃以上の温度に維持するとは、少なくとも、弁箱を加熱炉33内に設けて700℃以上の温度に維持すればよい。
これに対して、もし、逆止弁27を加熱炉33(加熱装置)内に設けず、保温材等のみを逆止弁27の周囲に設ける場合には、仮に、逆止弁27を通気するCOGが700℃以上であっても、逆止弁27のCOGとの接触部において、固体(または液体)タール等の析出物が顕著となる、700℃未満の領域が発生することを防止することは困難である。なぜならば、このような構造の場合、逆止弁27の加熱源は、COGから伝熱される熱量のみであるからである。通常、バッチ式生産を行う、コークス炉の操業において発生する(即ち、抽気可能な)COGは、しばしば、少量化または停止する。このため、いかに保温を厳重に行ったとしても、逆止弁27にCOGから供給される時間当たり熱量がほとんど0になることが生じる。このとき、逆止弁27の弁箱は外部に放熱する一方であるので、弁箱全体の温度が低下し、通気部位にも700℃未満の領域を生じうる。弁内のCOG接触部に700℃未満の低温部位を生じた場合、仮にCOGの平均温度を大きく低下させないとしても、少なくともこの低温部位近傍のCOGは700℃未満に低下し、固体または液体タールを生じて低温部位に付着しうる。この結果、この低温部位で選択的に固体または液体タール付着物が成長して弁内流路を閉塞させる問題を生じる。一方、本実施形態でのように、弁箱を700℃以上に保持された加熱炉33内に設ける場合には、通気COG流量にかかわらず、常に弁内のCOG接触部全域を700℃以上に保つことができる。
集合管圧力計35及び炉内圧力計34としては、例えば、市販のマノメータやダイヤフラム型圧力計を用いることができる。マノメータを用いる場合には、炉内や管内のガスを直接作動流体に接触させるのではなく、間に不活性ガス等の断熱流体を介することによって、高温のウェットCOGであっても圧力を計測することができる。
逆止弁27として採用した仕切弁を、図4及び図5を用いて説明する。なお、図4が弁の開放状態を示し、図5が弁の閉止状態を示す。
まず、図4に示すように、弁体2の開口2aが封止材5の表面5aよりも上方にある弁開放状態のとき、高温の作動ガスは、ガス流入管3から弁箱1内に流入し、流出口4から流出する。このときの弁体2の位置を、以下、弁体上昇位置と呼ぶ。なお、ガス流入管3が、前記抽気管26のコークス炉窯21a~21c側に接続された部分であり、流出口4が、前記抽気管26の集合管28側に接続された部分である。
一方、図5に示すように、弁が閉止状態のとき、弁体2の開口2aを含む下端が上方より下方に向かって封止材5内に埋没した弁体2によって、弁箱1内は、ガス流入管3が有る側の空間19と、それ以外のガス流出管側の空間20とに隔てられる。その結果、ガス流入管3からガス流出管4への高温の作動ガスの流通が遮断される。このときの弁体2の位置を、以下、弁体下降位置と呼ぶ。微量の作動ガスは、封止材5の隙間を通じて流通し得るが、弁体2の封止材5への埋没深さが十分である場合には、通気抵抗の十分に大きい封止材5を用いれば、実質的なガス封止を実現できる。弁体2の封止材5への埋没深さは、例えば、10mm以上1m以下とすることができる。これよりも浅い埋没量である場合には、封止材5による封止性能が不足し、一方、これ以上の深さの埋没量である場合には、実現できる封止能力に比べて装置が高価になり過ぎる。ガス流入管3の上端の開口3aに接触して弁体2が降下するときの下端位置を固定するストッパ18の位置を調整することによって、この弁体2の封止材5への埋没深さを所望の深さに設定することができる。
弁箱1は、高温の加熱炉33内に設置される。弁箱1の高さは、例えば、100mm以上4m以下とすることができる。封止材5の層厚は、例えば、10mm以上1m以下とすることができる。ガス流入管3及びガス流出管4の弁箱1内での開口径は、例えば、10mm以上300mm以下とすることができる。
弁体昇降装置8を加熱炉33外に設置する場合には、昇降運動可能な市販のアクチュエータを使用することができる。例えば、エアシリンダ、油圧シリンダ、ラックアンドピニオン推進装置、ボールねじ推進装置、又は、リニアモータを用いることができる。耐熱性のアクチュエータを弁体昇降装置8に用いて、これを加熱炉33内に設置し、設備の小型化を図ってもよい。弁体2の昇降位置を調整する方法は、手動で行ってもよいし、別途、距離計又は荷重計、並びに、制御装置を設けて自動制御してもよい。弁体昇降装置8のストロークは、例えば、20mm以上2m以下とすることができる。
加熱炉33内に配置される装置は、炉温を900℃以下に限定する場合には、常温から900℃程度までの高温環境において、所要の強度、剛性、耐久性を有したものであればどのようなものでも使用することができる。例えば、変形する部品であるベローズ14には、耐熱ステンレス鋼、又は、インコネルやハステロイ等の耐熱ニッケル合金等の金属を、これ以外の部品に関しては、前記の材料に加えて、黒鉛、カーボンコンポジット、アルミナ、カルシア、マグネシア、炭化ケイ素、又は、窒化ケイ素等を用いることができる。尚、黒鉛等、耐酸化性の低い材料を用いる場合には、加熱炉33内を非酸化性雰囲気、例えば、窒素雰囲気に維持することで、これらの材質を適用することができる。また、加熱炉33内の炉温を、900℃を超える値に設定し得る場合には、構造材の材料として、耐熱セラミックス等の材料を用いることが好ましい。
封止材5には、常温から900℃~1200℃程度の高温において、流動化に耐え得る強度を有し、かつ、作動ガスとの化学反応、自身の熱分解、焼結、相変態を生じない粒状の材料であれば、どのような材質のものでも用いることができる。
(1)すなわち、本実施形態のコークス炉ガス熱間処理設備(石炭乾留ガス熱間処理設備)は、複数のコークス炉窯(石炭乾留装置)21a~21cから抽気したウェットCOG(コークス炉ガス、石炭乾留ガス)を700℃以上かつ1200℃以下の流入温度で熱間処理することによって所望の物質またはエネルギを得る。そして、このコークス炉ガス熱間処理設備は、コークス炉窯(石炭乾留装置)21a~21c毎に設けられた抽気管26と;これら抽気管26のそれぞれに設けられた逆止弁27と;各抽気管26が接続された集合管28と;この集合管28に接続されたCOG処理装置(石炭乾留ガス処理装置)29と;を備える。さらに、各抽気管26、各逆止弁27、集合管28、及びCOG処理装置(石炭乾留ガス処理装置)29が、加熱炉33内に形成される700℃以上かつ1200℃以下の加熱雰囲気内に設けられている。そして、各コークス炉窯(石炭乾留装置)21a~21c、各抽気管26、各逆止弁27、集合管28、そしてCOG処理装置(石炭乾留ガス処理装置)29の順で、ウェットCOG(石炭乾留ガス)が流される。
2 弁体
3 ガス流入管
4 ガス流出管
5 封止材
7 弁箱
8 弁体昇降装置
9 下流側主管路
14 ベローズ
16 炉壁
18 蓋
19 流入管側の空間
20 流出管側の空間
21 コークス炉窯
22 水封弁
23 スプレー装置
24 ドライメーン
25 上昇管
26 抽気管
27 逆止弁
28 集合管
29 COG処理装置
30 冷却装置
31 ブロワ
32 COG精製装置
33 加熱炉
34 コークス炉内圧力計
35 集合管圧力計
36 制御装置
37 遮断弁
38 熱風発生装置
39 熱風導管
Claims (4)
- 複数の石炭乾留装置から抽気した石炭乾留ガスを700℃以上かつ1200℃以下の流入温度で熱間処理することで、炭素含有固形物を乾留する設備であって、
前記石炭乾留装置毎に設けられた抽気管と;
これら抽気管のそれぞれに設けられた逆止弁と;
前記各抽気管が接続された集合管と;
この集合管に接続された石炭乾留ガス処理装置と;
を備え、
前記各抽気管、前記各逆止弁、前記集合管、及び前記石炭乾留ガス処理装置が、700℃以上かつ1200℃以下の加熱雰囲気内に設けられ;
前記各石炭乾留装置、前記各抽気管、前記各逆止弁、前記集合管、そして前記石炭乾留ガス処理装置の順で、前記石炭乾留ガスが流される;
ことを特徴とする石炭乾留ガス熱間処理設備。 - 複数のコークス炉窯から抽気したコークス炉ガスを700℃以上かつ1200℃以下の流入温度で熱間処理する設備であって、
前記コークス炉窯毎に設けられた抽気管と;
これら抽気管のそれぞれに設けられた逆止弁と;
前記各抽気管が接続された集合管と;
この集合管に接続されたコークス炉ガス処理装置と;
を備え、
前記各抽気管、前記各逆止弁、前記集合管、及び前記コークス炉ガス処理装置が、700℃以上かつ1200℃以下の加熱雰囲気内に設けられ;
前記各コークス炉窯、前記各抽気管、前記各逆止弁、前記集合管、そして前記コークス炉ガス処理装置の順で、前記コークス炉ガスが流される;
ことを特徴とするコークス炉ガス熱間処理設備。 - 前記各コークス炉窯から前記各逆止弁の入口までの間にそれぞれ設けられ、前記各コークス炉窯内における第1の圧力を測定する炉内圧力計と;
前記各逆止弁の出口から前記集合管までの間に設けられ、前記集合管内における第2の圧力を測定する集合管圧力計と;
前記第1の圧力及び前記第2の圧力の差圧を算出して前記各抽気管における逆流の発生を検知すると共に、前記各抽気管のうち、前記コークス炉ガスの逆流が発生している抽気管が有る場合に、この抽気管に設けられている前記逆止弁を閉じる逆止弁制御装置と;
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のコークス炉ガス熱間処理設備。 - 前記各逆止弁のそれぞれが、
弁箱と;
この弁箱内の底部に設けられ、常温から900℃までの温度範囲で耐熱性を有する封止材と;
前記弁箱の内部でかつ前記封止材の表面よりも上方の内部空間で開口するように、前記弁箱及び前記封止材を貫通するとともに、前記各コークス炉窯からの前記コークス炉ガスが流れ込むガス流入管と;
前記内部空間で開口するとともに、前記内部空間から前記集合管を介して前記コークス炉ガス処理装置に向かって前記コークス炉ガスを排出するガス流出管と;
前記ガス流入管の開口を覆った状態で少なくともその開口部が前記封止材内に埋没する閉止位置と、前記封止材より前記開口部が取り出された開放位置との間で移動自在に配置された弁体と;
この弁体を、前記閉止位置と前記開放位置との間で移動させる弁体移動装置と;
を備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のコークス炉ガス熱間処理設備。
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JP2015131902A (ja) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-23 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | コークス炉 |
CN105969415A (zh) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-28 | 张家港市天源机械制造有限公司 | 连续式生物质炭气联产装置 |
CN116023954A (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-04-28 | 唐山市宝凯科技有限公司 | 一种焦炉可控低温无排放晾炉方法及装置 |
CN116023954B (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-06-27 | 唐山市宝凯科技有限公司 | 一种焦炉可控低温无排放晾炉方法及装置 |
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BR112012024715A2 (pt) | 2016-06-07 |
KR101420954B1 (ko) | 2014-07-17 |
CN102791831B (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
BR112012024715B1 (pt) | 2022-09-20 |
KR20120132535A (ko) | 2012-12-05 |
JPWO2011125696A1 (ja) | 2013-07-08 |
JP5114759B2 (ja) | 2013-01-09 |
CN102791831A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
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