WO2011124122A1 - 起重机的伸缩臂机构和起重机 - Google Patents

起重机的伸缩臂机构和起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011124122A1
WO2011124122A1 PCT/CN2011/072440 CN2011072440W WO2011124122A1 WO 2011124122 A1 WO2011124122 A1 WO 2011124122A1 CN 2011072440 W CN2011072440 W CN 2011072440W WO 2011124122 A1 WO2011124122 A1 WO 2011124122A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boom
pulley
section
telescopic arm
wire rope
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/072440
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周振坤
徐驰
Original Assignee
长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
Priority to CN201180004236.7A priority Critical patent/CN102639426B/zh
Publication of WO2011124122A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011124122A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64Jibs
    • B66C23/70Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
    • B66C23/701Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
    • B66C23/703Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic telescoped by flexible elements, e.g. cables, chains or bands

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of cranes, and in particular to a telescopic arm mechanism for a crane, and a crane having the telescopic arm mechanism.
  • the telescopic arm mechanism of the crane generally includes a telescopic arm and a hoisting mechanism mounted on the telescopic arm, the extension arm includes a multi-section boom, and the hoisting mechanism includes a hoisting device, a lifting pulley and a wire rope.
  • the hoisting pulley is connected to a spreader such as a hook or a grab to lift the load.
  • the hoisting device for retracting the wire rope generally comprises a reel and a driving device for driving the reel, such as a motor or a hydraulic motor, and the wire rope from the hoisting device is usually fastened around the lifting pulley and fixed to the boom (for example The head of the first section of the boom).
  • Figure 1 shows a telescopic arm mechanism of a conventional crane.
  • the telescopic arm mechanism of the crane includes a telescopic arm and a hoisting mechanism mounted on the telescopic arm.
  • the telescopic arm comprises a first boom (basic arm) 1. a second boom 2 nested in the first boom, a third boom 3 nested in the second boom and a nest The fourth boom 4 in the third boom.
  • the hoisting mechanism includes a hoisting device 7, a hoisting pulley 5, and a wire rope 6. The wire rope 6 comes from the hoisting device 7, and is passed around the lifting pulley 5 and then returned to the head 9 of the first boom 1.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a telescopic arm mechanism for a crane which can improve the efficiency of telescopic work of the telescopic arm and is easy to operate.
  • a telescopic arm mechanism for a crane comprising a telescopic arm and a hoisting mechanism mounted on the telescopic arm, the telescopic arm comprising an n-section boom, the hoisting mechanism comprising a hoisting device, Lifting pulleys and wire ropes.
  • a front pulley is disposed at a front end of the a-section boom
  • a rear pulley is disposed at a middle rear portion of the b-section boom
  • the front and rear rear portions are respectively provided with a front pulley and a rear pulley
  • the wire rope from the hoisting device sequentially bypasses the front portion of the a-section boom in the order from the a-section boom to the b-section boom a pulley, a rear pulley and a front pulley on the intermediate boom, and a rear pulley on the b-th boom to form a movable pulley block, and then extend outward and around the lifting pulley to be fixed to the head of the a-section boom Ministry, where: la ⁇ bn.
  • the present invention provides a crane having the above-described telescopic arm mechanism of the crane.
  • Figure 1 is a telescopic arm mechanism of a conventional crane.
  • FIG. 2 is a telescopic arm mechanism of a crane according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a telescopic arm mechanism of a crane according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a telescopic arm mechanism of a crane according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a telescopic arm mechanism of a crane, the telescopic arm mechanism including the telescopic arm mechanism including a telescopic arm and a lifting mechanism mounted on the telescopic arm, the telescopic arm including an n-section boom 1, 2, 3, 4, the hoisting mechanism comprises a hoisting device 7, a lifting pulley 5 and a wire rope 6.
  • a front pulley 81 is disposed at a front end of the a-section boom
  • a rear pulley 82 is disposed at a middle rear portion of the b-section boom
  • the front end and the rear rear portion are respectively provided with a front pulley 81 and a rear pulley 82
  • the wire rope 6 from the hoisting device 7 sequentially bypasses the first step in the order from the a-section boom to the b-section boom a front pulley 81 on the boom, a rear pulley and a front pulley on the intermediate boom, and a rear pulley 82 on the b-th boom to form a movable pulley block, and then extend outward and bypass the lifting pulley 5 Fixed to the head 9 of the a-section boom, where: la ⁇ bn.
  • the present invention also provides a crane having the crane of the present invention
  • the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the specific embodiments.
  • 2 is a telescopic arm mechanism of a crane according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a front pulley 81 is attached to a front end of the first boom 1 (for example, a head portion 9), and a rear pulley 82 is attached to a middle rear portion of the second boom 2, and the wire rope 6 sequentially bypasses the a front pulley 81 at the front end of the boom 1 and a rear pulley 82 at the rear portion of the second boom 2 to form a movable pulley block, and then extended outwardly around the lifting pulley 5 and then returned to the first boom 1 Head 9.
  • the guide wheels 21 may be provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the hoisting pulley 5, respectively, and the guide wheels 21 may be provided, for example, at the head of the distal boom (e.g., the fourth boom 4).
  • the hoisting pulley 5 can be connected to a sling such as a hook or a grab to lift the load, which will not be described in detail in the present invention.
  • the wire rope between the head 9 and the lift pulley 5 needs to be elongated by one length.
  • the rear pulley 82 on the second boom 2 is moved outward by one length with the second boom 2, so the rope 6 between the front pulley 81 and the rear pulley 82 will be shortened by one length, and then The wire rope 6 between the pulley 82 and the hoisting pulley 5 is elongated by one length, and the length of the elongation is just enough to compensate for the length of the wire rope to be elongated between the head 9 and the hoisting pulley 5.
  • the front pulley 81 is disposed at the front end of the first boom 1, so that the rope 6 can be easily passed around the front pulley 81 and then enters the upper cover and the second of the first boom 1
  • the space between the upper covers of the boom 2 is passed around the rear pulley 82 of the rear of the second boom 2 and then extended outward.
  • the position of the rear pulley 82 on the second boom 2 is located at the middle rear portion of the second boom 2, that is, the front pulley 81 and the second boom 2 on the first boom 1 are secured.
  • the pulley 82 constitutes a movable pulley block, so that the length of the wire rope 6 above the lifting pulley 5 (i.e., the length of the wire rope 6 between the front end of the telescopic arm and the lifting pulley 5) can be maintained during the expansion and contraction of the second boom 2 constant.
  • the core of the technical solution is that the front pulley 81 on the first boom 1 and the rear pulley 82 on the second boom 2 can constitute a movable pulley block, so that during the expansion and contraction of the second boom 2 The length of the wire rope 6 above the hoisting pulley 5 remains unchanged.
  • the present invention is not particularly limited to the position at which the rear pulley 82 is disposed on the second boom 2, and is generally disposed at a mid-rear position on the second boom 2, for example, it may be disposed in the second Any suitable position between the tail, the middle, the middle of the boom 2, or the tail and the middle. If the rear pulley 82 is disposed at the front of the second boom 2, the rear pulley 8 will move to the front pulley 81 on the first boom 1 during the extension of the second boom 2 The front end is such that the movable pulley block cannot be constructed, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Figure 2; As shown in FIG. 3, as a preferred embodiment, the front pulley 81 is inclined with respect to the upper cover of the first boom 1, so that the wire rope 6 above the upper cover of the first boom 1 is wound. After the front pulley 81, it can naturally extend back between the upper cover of the first boom 1 and the upper cover of the second boom 2 to bypass the rear of the second boom 2 Rear pulley 82.
  • the front pulley 81 on the first boom 1 is inclined such that one side thereof is located above the upper cover of the first boom 1, so that the wire 6 from the hoisting device 7 can be from the side Bypass the front pulley 81 while the other side (opposite side) is at the first Below the upper cover of the boom 1, the space between the upper cover of the first boom 1 and the upper cover of the second boom 2 is aligned, so that the wire rope 6 of the front pulley 81 can be bypassed.
  • the other side of the front pulley 81 extends into the space between the upper cover of the first boom 1 and the upper cover of the second boom 2 to bypass the rear of the second boom 2 Rear pulley 82.
  • the front pulley 81 can be mounted on the head 9 of the first boom 1.
  • the head portion 9 generally includes an upper plate 91, two side plates 92, and a lower plate 93.
  • the front pulley bracket 11 of the front pulley 81 can be fastened to the upper plate 91 by fasteners 10 such as bolts or the like, but The invention is not limited thereto, and for example, the front pulley bracket 11 can also be mounted to the head 9 by other various means, such as welding.
  • the front pulley 81 is mounted on the upper plate 91 of the head 9, and basically does not affect the structure of the first boom 1 itself, so that the structure is simple and the manufacturing is convenient.
  • front pulley bracket 11 and the front pulley 81 mounted on the front pulley bracket 11 it may be of any suitable structure in the prior art, for example, the front pulley bracket 11 may have an axle, a lubrication system, etc., the present invention no longer Narration.
  • a rear pulley bracket 12 can be installed at the middle rear portion of the second boom 2, and then the rear pulley 82 is mounted to the rear pulley bracket 12 (e.g. Figure 2).
  • the rear pulley 82 is disposed substantially parallel to the upper cover of the second boom 2 because of the wire ropes on both sides thereof (one side wire rope comes from the front pulley 81 at the front end of the first boom 1 and the other side wire rope is outward Extending to bypass the lifting pulley 5) is located in the space between the upper cover of the second boom 2 and the upper cover of the first boom 1.
  • the rear pulley 82 is slightly inclined.
  • the manner in which the wire rope 6 bypasses the front pulley 81 and the rear pulley 82 can be a wire rope winding method of a general movable pulley block.
  • the wire rope 6 from the hoisting device 7 first bypasses the front pulley 81 at the front end of the first boom 1, and then extends toward the rear rear pulley 82 of the second boom 2, that is, the wire rope 6 bypassing the front pulley 81 from one side of the front pulley 81, and then from the opposite other side of the front pulley 81 to the upper cover of the first boom 1 and the upper cover of the second boom 2 Extending in the space to bypass the rear pulley 82 of the rear of the second boom 2, Then it sticks out.
  • the wire ropes 6 on both sides of the rear pulley 82 on the second boom 2 are avoided as much as possible to avoid interference during the extension of the second boom 2.
  • the hoisting mechanism may include a hoisting device 7, a hoisting pulley 5, and a wire rope 6, which is derived from the hoisting device 7, and is passed around the hoisting pulley 5 and returned to the head of the jib.
  • the hoisting device 7 generally includes a reel and a driving device for driving the reel of the reel, such as a motor, a hydraulic motor, etc., which will not be described again.
  • FIG. 4 is a telescopic arm mechanism of a crane according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the telescopic arm mechanism has four booms, which are a first boom (base arm), a second boom 2, and a third boom 3.
  • the fourth section of the boom 4, that is, n 4.
  • the rear rear portion and the front end portion of the boom 2 are provided with a rear pulley 82 and a front pulley 81, respectively.
  • a front pulley 81 is attached to the front end of the first boom 1 and the front end of the second boom 2, respectively, in the middle rear portion of the second boom 2 and the third boom 3.
  • the rear rear portion is respectively mounted with a rear pulley 82, and the wire rope 6 sequentially bypasses the front pulley 81 on the first boom 1, the rear pulley 82 on the second boom 2, and the front pulley 81 on the second boom 2.
  • the rear pulley 82 on the third boom 4 to constitute the movable pulley block, and then extended outward, bypassing the lifting pulley 5 and returning to the head 9 of the first boom 1.
  • the wire rope between the head 9 and the lift pulley 5 needs to be elongated by one length.
  • the rear pulley 82 and the front pulley 81 on the second boom 2 move outward by one length with the second boom 2, so the front pulley 81 and the second section on the first boom 1
  • the wire rope 6 between the rear pulleys 82 on the boom 2 will be shortened by one length, and the wire rope 6 between the rear pulley 82 and the lifting pulley 5 on the second boom 2 is extended by one length.
  • a length of one length just compensates for one length of the wire rope to be stretched between the head 9 and the hoisting pulley 5.
  • the wire rope between the head 9 and the lift pulley 5 also needs to be elongated by one length.
  • the rear pulley 82 on the third boom 3 moves outward with the third boom 3, so the front pulley 81 and the third boom 3 on the second boom 2
  • the wire rope 6 between the rear pulleys 82 will be shortened by one length, and the wire rope 6 between the rear pulley 82 and the lifting pulley 5 on the third pitch boom 3 is extended by one length, and one of the elongations
  • the length just compensates for one length of the wire rope to be stretched between the head 9 and the lifting pulley 5.
  • the front pulley 81 at the front end of the second boom 2 can be mounted in the same manner as the front pulley 81 at the front end of the first boom 1 in the above embodiment, and is preferably mounted on the second boom by fasteners such as bolts or the like. Head of 2 (not shown).
  • the middle rear portion of the second boom 2 and the rear pulley 82 of the middle rear portion of the third boom 4 can be mounted in the same manner as the rear pulley 82 on the second boom 2 in the above embodiment.
  • the rear pulley brackets are mounted on the respective positions on the respective booms. The present invention will not be described again.
  • Figure 5 is a telescopic arm mechanism of a crane according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the telescopic arm mechanism has a total of four booms, which are a first boom (base arm), a second boom 2, and a third boom 3.
  • the fourth section of the boom 4, that is, n 4.
  • the first front boom is not provided on the first boom 1, that is, the first boom 1 does not participate in forming the movable pulley.
  • the front pulley and the rear pulley may be provided on any continuous boom of the telescopic arm or on all the booms to form a movable pulley block, so that the lifting pulley can be secured during the expansion and contraction of the corresponding boom.
  • the length of the wire rope is inconvenient, so that the hoisting device does not need to be operated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Description

起重机的伸縮臂机构和起重机
技术领域
本发明涉及起重机领域, 具体地, 涉及一种起重机的伸缩臂机构, 以 及具有该伸缩臂机构的起重机。 背景技术
起重机的伸缩臂机构通常包括伸缩臂和装在伸缩臂上的起升机构, 伸 缩臂包括多节吊臂, 起升机构包括卷扬装置、 起升滑轮和钢丝绳。 起升滑 轮与吊钩、 抓斗等吊具相连, 用于提升负载。 用于收放钢丝绳的卷扬装置 一般包括卷筒和用于驱动卷筒的驱动装置如电机或液压马达, 来自于卷扬 装置的钢丝绳通常会绕过起升滑轮后固定到吊臂上 (例如第一节吊臂的头 部)。
图 1显示了一种传统的起重机的伸缩臂机构。 如图 1所示, 该起重机 的伸缩臂机构包括伸缩臂和装在伸缩臂上的起升机构。 伸缩臂包括第一节 吊臂 (基本臂) 1、 嵌套在第一节吊臂中的第二节吊臂 2、 嵌套在第二节吊 臂中的第三节吊臂 3和嵌套在第三节吊臂中的第四节吊臂 4。起升机构包括 卷扬装置 7、 起升滑轮 5和钢丝绳 6。 钢丝绳 6来自于卷扬装置 7, 绕过起 升滑轮 5后返回固定到第一节吊臂 1的头部 9。
当伸缩臂伸长时, 卷扬装置 7需要向外放长钢丝绳 6, 否则起升滑轮 5 将被向上提升而与第四节吊臂 4发生干涉; 反之, 当伸缩臂收缩时, 卷扬 装置 7需要向回收短钢丝绳 6, 否则起升滑轮 5将会向下掉落而发生危险。 在现有技术中, 在伸缩臂伸缩时, 为了避免起升滑轮 5被向上提升而与第 四节吊臂 4发生干涉, 或者向下掉落而发生危险, 通常需要手动或者自动 控制卷扬装置 7驱动钢丝绳 6收放, 或者控制伸缩臂的伸缩作业和钢丝绳 的收放作业交替进行。 因此, 在现有技术中, 伸缩臂的伸缩作业效率低, 操作繁琐。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种起重机的伸缩臂机构, 其能够提高伸缩臂的 伸缩作业效率, 且操作方便。
根据本发明, 提供一种起重机的伸缩臂机构, 该伸缩臂机构包括伸缩 臂和装在伸缩臂上的起升机构, 所述伸缩臂包括 n节吊臂, 所述起升机构 包括卷扬装置、 起升滑轮和钢丝绳。 其中, 在第 a节吊臂的前端设置有前 滑轮, 在第 b节吊臂的中后部设置有后滑轮, 在第 a节吊臂和第 b节吊臂 之间的中间吊臂的前端和中后部分别设置有前滑轮和后滑轮, 来自于所述 卷扬装置的所述钢丝绳按照从第 a节吊臂至第 b节吊臂的顺序依次绕过第 a 节吊臂上的前滑轮、 中间吊臂上的后滑轮和前滑轮以及第 b节吊臂上的后 滑轮以构成动滑轮组, 然后向外伸出并绕过所述起升滑轮后固定到第 a节 吊臂的头部, 其中: l a<b n。
另外, 本发明还提供一种起重机, 该起重机具有上述的起重机的伸缩 臂机构。
在本发明中, 当第 a、 b节吊臂和中间吊臂伸缩时, 其上的前滑轮和后 滑轮将随着该节吊臂一起运动, 因此可以保证起升滑轮上方的钢丝绳的长 度保持不变, 因此卷扬装置无需动作, 大大提高了伸缩臂的伸缩作业效率, 操作方便。 附图说明
图 1是一种传统的起重机的伸缩臂机构。
图 2是根据本发明一种实施方式的起重机的伸缩臂机构。
图 3是图 2中的 A-A截面图。
图 4是根据本发明另一种实施方式的起重机的伸缩臂机构。 图 5是根据本发明再一种实施方式的起重机的伸缩臂机构, 附图标记说明
1 第一节吊臂 10 紧固件
2第二节吊臂 11 前滑轮支架
3 第三节吊臂 12 后滑轮支架
4第四节吊臂 21 导向轮
5 起升滑轮 81 前滑轮
6钢丝绳 82 后滑轮
7 卷扬装置 91 上板
9头部
93 下板 具体实施方式
作为本发明的 的技术方案, 本发明提供一种起重机的伸缩臂机 构, 该伸缩臂机构包括该伸缩臂机构包括伸缩臂和装在伸缩臂上的起升机 构, 所述伸缩臂包括 n节吊臂 1、 2、 3、 4, 所述起升机构包括卷扬装置 7、 起升滑轮 5和钢丝绳 6。 其中, 在第 a节吊臂的前端设置有前滑轮 81, 在 第 b节吊臂的中后部设置有后滑轮 82, 在第 a节吊臂和第 b节吊臂之间的 中间吊臂的前端和中后部分别设置有前滑轮 81和后滑轮 82,来自于所述卷 扬装置 7的所述钢丝绳 6按照从第 a节吊臂至第 b节吊臂的顺序依次绕过 第 a节吊臂上的前滑轮 81、 中间吊臂上的后滑轮和前滑轮以及第 b节吊臂 上的后滑轮 82以构成动滑轮组, 然后向外伸出并绕过所述起升滑轮 5后固 定到第 a节吊臂的头部 9, 其中: l a<b n。
另外, 本发明还提供了一种起重机, 该起重机具有本发明的起重机的 下面将参照附图结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。 图 2是根据本发明一种实施方式的起重机的伸缩臂机构。
如图 2所示, 伸缩臂机构共有四节吊臂, 依次为第一节吊臂 (基本臂) 1、 第二节吊臂 2、 第三节吊臂 3、 第四节吊臂 4, 即 n=4。 并且, a=l, b=2, 即在第一节吊臂 1的前端设置有前滑轮 81, 在第二节吊臂 2的中后部设置 有后滑轮 82, 且在该实施方式中上述中间吊臂的数量为零。 这仅仅是本发 明的一种实施方式, 本发明不限于此。
如图 2所示, 在第一节吊臂 1的前端 (例如头部 9) 安装有前滑轮 81, 在第二节吊臂 2的中后部安装有后滑轮 82, 钢丝绳 6依次绕过第一节吊臂 1前端的前滑轮 81和第二节吊臂 2中后部的后滑轮 82以构成动滑轮组,然 后向外伸出绕过起升滑轮 5后返回固定到第一节吊臂 1的头部 9。
另外, 根据需要, 还可以在起升滑轮 5 的上游侧和下游侧分别设置导 向轮 21, 该导向轮 21例如可以设置在末节吊臂(如第四节吊臂 4)的头部。 起升滑轮 5可以与吊钩、 抓斗等吊具相连, 用于提升负载, 本发明对此不 再赘述。
通过上述结构, 当第二节吊臂 2从第一节吊臂 1中向外伸出 1个长度 时, 位于头部 9和起升滑轮 5之间的钢丝绳需要伸长 1个长度。 同时, 第 二节吊臂 2上的后滑轮 82随着第二节吊臂 2—起向外运动 1个长度, 因此 前滑轮 81和后滑轮 82之间的钢丝绳 6将缩短 1个长度, 而后滑轮 82和起 升滑轮 5之间的钢丝绳 6则伸长 1个长度, 该伸长的 1个长度恰好可以补 偿头部 9和起升滑轮 5之间的钢丝绳所要伸长的 1个长度。 因此, 在第二 节吊臂 2从第一节吊臂 1中向外伸出时, 起升滑轮 5与伸缩臂前端之间的 距离将保持不变, 卷扬装置 7无需动作, 大大提高了伸缩臂的伸缩作业效 率, 操作非常简便。 反之, 当第二节吊臂 2向第一节吊臂 1 内缩回时, 起 升滑轮 5与伸缩臂前端之间的距离也将保持不变, 因此卷扬装置 7也无需 动作。 也就是说, 在此实施方式中, 在第二节吊臂 2从第一节吊臂 1 中向外 伸出或者缩回到第一节吊臂 1中时, 无需操作卷扬装置 7, 因此大大提高了 伸缩作业效率, 简化了操作过程。
在此实施方式中, 前滑轮 81设置在第一节吊臂 1的前端, 因此钢丝绳 6可以非常方便地绕过该前滑轮 81, 然后进入到第一节吊臂 1 的上盖板和 第二节吊臂 2的上盖板之间的空间内以绕过第二节吊臂 2中后部的后滑轮 82, 然后再向外伸出。 第二节吊臂 2上的后滑轮 82的位置位于该第二节吊 臂 2上的中后部, 即保证第一节吊臂 1上的前滑轮 81和第二节吊臂 2上的 后滑轮 82构成一个动滑轮组, 从而在第二节吊臂 2的伸缩过程中可以保证 起升滑轮 5上方的钢丝绳 6的长度 (即伸缩臂前端与起升滑轮 5之间的钢 丝绳 6的长度) 保持不变。 换言之, 该技术方案的核心是第一节吊臂 1上 的前滑轮 81和第二节吊臂 2上的后滑轮 82能够构成一个动滑轮组, 使得 在第二节吊臂 2的伸缩过程中, 起升滑轮 5上方的钢丝绳 6的长度保持不 变。 因此, 本发明对于后滑轮 82在第二节吊臂 2上的设置位置并无具体限 制, 大致设置在第二节吊臂 2上的中后部位置即可, 例如, 其可以设置在 第二节吊臂 2 的尾部、 中部、 中部附近、 或者尾部和中部之间的任何适当 的位置。 如果将后滑轮 82设置在第二节吊臂 2的前部, 则在第二节吊臂 2 伸出过程中, 该后滑轮 8将会运动到第一节吊臂 1上的前滑轮 81的前端, 从而无法构成动滑轮组, 从而无法实现本发明的目的。
图 3是图 2中的 A-A截面图。如图 3所示, 作为一种优选的实施方式, 所述前滑轮 81相对于第一节吊臂 1的上盖板倾斜设置, 从而第一节吊臂 1 的上盖板上方的钢丝绳 6绕过该前滑轮 81之后, 可以自然向回延伸到第一 节吊臂 1的上盖板和第二节吊臂 2的上盖板之间,以便再绕过第二节吊臂 2 中后部的后滑轮 82。 也就是说, 第一节吊臂 1上的前滑轮 81倾斜设置, 使 得其一侧位于第一节吊臂 1 的上盖板的上方, 以便来自卷扬装置 7的钢丝 绳 6能够从该一侧绕过前滑轮 81, 同时其另一侧 (相对的一侧) 位于第一 节吊臂 1的上盖板的下方, 对准第一节吊臂 1的上盖板和第二节吊臂 2的 上盖板之间的空间,从而绕过该前滑轮 81的钢丝绳 6可以通过该前滑轮 81 的另一侧延伸到第一节吊臂 1的上盖板和第二节吊臂 2的上盖板之间的空 间内, 以绕过第二节吊臂 2中后部的后滑轮 82。
如图 3所示, 作为一种优选实施方式, 前滑轮 81可以安装在第一节吊 臂 1的头部 9上。具体而言, 头部 9一般包括上板 91、 两个侧板 92和下板 93 ο前滑轮 81的前滑轮支架 11可以通过紧固件 10如螺栓等紧固到上板 91 上, 但本发明不限于此, 例如, 前滑轮支架 11也可以通过其他多种方式安 装到头部 9上, 例如焊接。 将前滑轮 81安装在头部 9的上板 91上, 基本 上不会对第一节吊臂 1 本身的结构产生影响, 因此结构简单, 加工制造方 便。 对于前滑轮支架 11和安装在前滑轮支架 11上的前滑轮 81, 其可以采 用现有技术中任何合适的结构, 例如前滑轮支架 11可以具有轮轴、 润滑系 统等等, 本发明对此不再赘述。
针对第二节吊臂 2中后部设置的后滑轮 82, 可以在第二节吊臂 2的中 后部位置安装一个后滑轮支架 12, 然后将后滑轮 82安装到后滑轮支架 12 上 (如图 2所示)。 该后滑轮 82基本上平行于第二节吊臂 2的上盖板设置, 因为其两侧的钢丝绳 (一侧钢丝绳来自于第一节吊臂 1前端的前滑轮 81, 另一侧钢丝绳向外伸出以绕过起升滑轮 5 )都是位于第二节吊臂 2的上盖板 和第一节吊臂 1 的上盖板之间的空间内。 当然, 为了适应钢丝绳的长度方 向, 该后滑轮 82稍微倾斜设置也是可以的。
在上述实施方式中, 钢丝绳 6绕过前滑轮 81和后滑轮 82的方式可以 采用一般的动滑轮组的钢丝绳缠绕方式。 例如, 如图 2所示, 来自卷扬装 置 7的钢丝绳 6首先绕过第一节吊臂 1前端的前滑轮 81, 然后向第二节吊 臂 2中后部的后滑轮 82延伸, 即钢丝绳 6从前滑轮 81的一侧绕过前滑轮 81, 然后从该前滑轮 81的相对的另一侧向第一节吊臂 1的上盖板和第二节 吊臂 2的上盖板之间的空间内延伸以绕过第二节吊臂 2中后部的后滑轮 82, 然后向外伸出。位于第二节吊臂 2上的后滑轮 82的两侧的钢丝绳 6尽量避 免交叉, 以免在第二节吊臂 2伸出过程中发生干扰。
在本发明中, 起升机构可以包括卷扬装置 7、 起升滑轮 5和钢丝绳 6, 该钢丝绳来自于卷扬装置 7,绕过起升滑轮 5后返回固定到吊臂的头部。卷 扬装置 7通常包括卷筒和用于驱动卷筒转动的驱动装置, 如电机、 液压马 达等, 本发明不再赘述。
图 4是根据本发明另一种实施方式的起重机的伸缩臂机构。
如图 4所示, 在此实施方式中, 其中该伸缩臂机构共有四节吊臂, 依 次为第一节吊臂(基本臂) 1、第二节吊臂 2、第三节吊臂 3、第四节吊臂 4, 即 n=4。 并且, a=l, b=3, 即在第一节吊臂 1的前端设置有前滑轮 81, 在 第三节吊臂 3的中后部设置有后滑轮 82, 同时在中间的第二节吊臂 2的中 后部和前端分别设置有后滑轮 82和前滑轮 81。这仅仅是本发明的一种实施 方式, 本发明不限于此。
如图 4所示, 在第一节吊臂 1的前端和第二节吊臂 2的前端分别安装 有前滑轮 81, 在第二节吊臂 2的中后部和第三节吊臂 3的中后部分别安装 有后滑轮 82, 钢丝绳 6依次绕过第一节吊臂 1上的前滑轮 81、 第二节吊臂 2上的后滑轮 82、 第二节吊臂 2上的前滑轮 81和第三节吊臂 3上的后滑轮 82以构成动滑轮组, 然后向外伸出, 绕过起升滑轮 5后返回固定到第一节 吊臂 1的头部 9。
当第二节吊臂 2从第一节吊臂 1中向外伸出 1个长度时, 位于头部 9 和起升滑轮 5之间的钢丝绳需要伸长 1个长度。 同时, 第二节吊臂 2上的 后滑轮 82和前滑轮 81随着第二节吊臂 2—起向外运动 1个长度, 因此第 一节吊臂 1上的前滑轮 81和第二节吊臂 2上的后滑轮 82之间的钢丝绳 6 将缩短 1个长度, 而第二节吊臂 2上的后滑轮 82和起升滑轮 5之间的钢丝 绳 6则伸长 1个长度,该伸长的 1个长度恰好可以补偿头部 9和起升滑轮 5 之间的钢丝绳所要伸长的 1个长度。 因此, 在第二节吊臂 2从第一节吊臂 1 中向外伸出时, 起升滑轮 5 与伸缩臂前端之间的距离将保持不变, 卷扬装 置 7无需动作。 反之, 当第二节吊臂 2向第一节吊臂 1 内缩回时, 起升滑 轮 5与伸缩臂前端之间的距离也将保持不变, 因此卷扬装置 7也无需动作。
当第三节吊臂 3从第二节吊臂 2中向外伸出 1个长度时, 位于头部 9 和起升滑轮 5之间的钢丝绳同样需要伸长 1个长度。 同时, 第三节吊臂 3 上的后滑轮 82随着第三节吊臂 3—起向外运动 1个长度, 因此第二节吊臂 2上的前滑轮 81和第三节吊臂 3上的后滑轮 82之间的钢丝绳 6将缩短 1个 长度, 而第三节吊臂 3上的后滑轮 82和起升滑轮 5之间的钢丝绳 6则伸长 1个长度,该伸长的 1个长度恰好可以补偿头部 9和起升滑轮 5之间的钢丝 绳所要伸长的 1个长度。 因此, 在第三节吊臂 3从第二节吊臂 2中向外伸 出时, 起升滑轮 5与伸缩臂前端之间的距离将保持不变, 卷扬装置 7无需 动作。 反之, 当第三节吊臂 3向第二节吊臂 2内缩回时, 起升滑轮 5与伸 缩臂前端之间的距离同样保持不变。
也就是说, 在第二节吊臂 2从第一节吊臂 1中向外伸出时, 以及 /或者 在第三节吊臂 3从第二节吊臂 2中向外伸出时,起升滑轮 5上方的钢丝绳 6 的长度都将保持不变, 因此卷扬装置 7无需动作, 大大提高了伸缩臂的伸 缩作业效率, 操作非常简便。 反之, 当第二节吊臂 2向第一节吊臂 1 内缩 回时, 以及 /或者第三节吊臂 3向第二节吊臂 2内缩回时, 起升滑轮 5与伸 缩臂前端之间的距离也将保持不变, 因此卷扬装置 7也无需动作。
在此实施方式中, 在第二节吊臂 2和 /或第三节吊臂 3的伸缩过程中, 都无需操作卷扬装置 7, 因此大大提高了伸缩作业效率, 简化了操作过程。
第二节吊臂 2前端的前滑轮 81可以采用与上述实施方式中第一节吊臂 1前端的前滑轮 81相同的安装方式, 其优选通过紧固件如螺栓等安装在第 二节吊臂 2的头部 (未显示)。 第二节吊臂 2的中后部和第三节吊臂 3的中 后部的后滑轮 82可以采用与上述实施方式中第二节吊臂 2上的后滑轮 82 相同的安装方式, 通过各自的后滑轮支架安装在各自的吊臂上的相应位置, 本发明不再赘述。
图 5是根据本发明的再一种实施方式的起重机的伸缩臂机构。
如图 5所示, 在此实施方式中, 其中该伸缩臂机构共有四节吊臂, 依 次为第一节吊臂(基本臂) 1、第二节吊臂 2、第三节吊臂 3、第四节吊臂 4, 即 n=4。 并且, a=2, b=3, 即在第二节吊臂 2的前端设置有前滑轮 81, 在 第三节吊臂 3的中后部设置有后滑轮 82, 中间吊臂的数量为零, 且在第一 节吊臂 1上并不具有上述的前滑轮, 即第一节吊臂 1并不参与构成动滑轮 组。 该实施方式的工作过程和原理与上述两种实施方式相同, 即在第三节 吊臂 3相对于第二节吊臂 2伸缩时, 起升滑轮 5与伸缩臂前端之间的距离 也将保持不变, 因此卷扬装置 7也无需动作。 本发明对此不再赘述。
上面通过不同的实施方式对本发明的原理进行了阐述。 本领域技术人 员很容易理解, 通过上述本发明的原理, 可以对本发明的上述实施方式作 出各种变型和改进。 例如, 根据需要, 可以在伸缩臂的任意连续节吊臂上 或者在所有节吊臂上设置前滑轮和后滑轮以构成动滑轮组, 从而在相应吊 臂的伸缩过程中, 可以保证起升滑轮上方的钢丝绳的长度不便, 从而卷扬 装置无需动作。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种起重机的伸缩臂机构, 该伸缩臂机构包括伸缩臂和装在伸缩臂 上的起升机构, 所述伸缩臂包括 n节吊臂 (1、 2、 3、 4), 所述起升机构包 括卷扬装置 (7 )、 起升滑轮 (5 ) 和钢丝绳 (6), 其特征在于:
在第 a节吊臂的前端设置有前滑轮 (81 ), 在第 b节吊臂的中后部设置 有后滑轮 (82), 在第 a节吊臂和第 b节吊臂之间的中间吊臂的前端和中后 部分别设置有前滑轮 (81 ) 和后滑轮 (82), 来自于所述卷扬装置 (7 ) 的所 述钢丝绳 (6 ) 按照从第 a节吊臂至第 b节吊臂的顺序依次绕过第 a节吊臂 上的前滑轮 (81 )、 中间吊臂上的后滑轮和前滑轮以及第 b节吊臂上的后滑 轮 (82 ) 以构成动滑轮组, 然后向外伸出并绕过所述起升滑轮 (5 ) 后固定 到第 a节吊臂的头部 (9), 其中: l a<b n。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构,其特征在于: a=l, b=2, n=4。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构,其特征在于: a=l, b=3, n=4。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构,其特征在于: a=2, b=3, n=4。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构,其特征在于: a=l, b=4, n=4。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构, 其特征在于: 所述前 滑轮 (81 ) 分别安装在对应节的吊臂的头部 (9)。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构, 其特征在于: 所述头 部 (9) 包括上板 (91 ), 所述前滑轮 (81 ) 的前滑轮支架 (11 ) 通过紧固件
( 10) 安装在所述上板 (91 ) 上。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构, 其特征在于: 所述前 滑轮 (81 ) 相对于对应节的吊臂的上盖板倾斜设置, 使得所述前滑轮 (81 ) 一侧的钢丝绳 (6) 位于该上盖板的上部, 所述前滑轮 (81 ) 另一侧的钢丝 绳 (6) 位于该上盖板的下部。
9、 根据权利要求 1-8 中任意一项所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构, 其特征 在于: 所述后滑轮 (82)通过后滑轮支架 (12) 安装在对应节的吊臂的中后 部的上盖板上。
10、 一种起重机, 其特征在于, 该起重机具有根据上述权利要求中任意 一项所述的起重机的伸缩臂机构。
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