WO2011122854A2 - 발열체 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
발열체 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011122854A2 WO2011122854A2 PCT/KR2011/002190 KR2011002190W WO2011122854A2 WO 2011122854 A2 WO2011122854 A2 WO 2011122854A2 KR 2011002190 W KR2011002190 W KR 2011002190W WO 2011122854 A2 WO2011122854 A2 WO 2011122854A2
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- Prior art keywords
- pattern
- heating element
- conductive heating
- conductive
- heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49083—Heater type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49099—Coating resistive material on a base
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heating element and a method of manufacturing the same.
- frost occurs on the glass of the car due to temperature differences between the outside and inside of the car.
- dew condensation occurs due to temperature differences between the slope and the outside of the slope.
- a heating glass has been developed.
- the heating glass uses the concept of attaching a hot wire sheet to the glass surface or forming a hot wire directly on the glass surface and then applying electricity to both terminals of the hot wire to generate heat from the hot wire, thereby raising the temperature of the glass surface.
- Low heat resistance is important for automotive or building heating glass to generate heat smoothly, but it should not be distracting to human eyes.
- the conventional heating glass was manufactured by forming a heating layer through a sputtering process using a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or Ag thin film, and then connecting the electrode to the front end.
- the micro pattern may be manufactured by photo lithography.
- the conductive fine pattern may be manufactured and applied to various fields, such as a heating element and a conductor. In this case, the visibility or optical characteristics may be poor depending on the line width, pitch, or pattern of the pattern.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a heating element and a method of manufacturing the same, which includes a conductive heating pattern that is not visible and can minimize side effects caused by diffraction and interference of light.
- the present invention is a) a transparent substrate, b) a conductive heating pattern provided on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is wider than the average line spacing in the transverse direction
- a heating element including a conductive heating pattern.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a heating element comprising the step of forming a conductive heating pattern having a form having a wider average line spacing in the longitudinal direction than an average line spacing in the transverse direction as a conductive heating pattern on one surface of the transparent substrate.
- the heating element including the pattern according to the present invention can not only minimize side effects caused by diffraction and interference of light, but also can be manufactured as an inconspicuous heating element with excellent heat generation performance at low voltage.
- Figure 1 illustrates a conductive heating pattern of the heating element according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 relates to the measurement result of Example 1 which is an embodiment of the present invention, and shows a photograph of the interference fringe of the light passing through the heating element manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a conductive heating pattern of the heating element according to Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 relates to the measurement result of Comparative Example 1, and shows a photograph of an interference fringe of light passing through a heating element manufactured in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 relates to the measurement result of Comparative Example 1, and shows a photograph of an interference fringe of light passing through a heating element manufactured in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for measuring the intensity of light passing through a heating element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 illustrates a conductive heating pattern of the heating element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the placement of a Delaunay pattern generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the heating element according to the present invention includes a) a transparent substrate, b) a conductive heating pattern provided on at least one surface of the transparent substrate, the conductive heating pattern having a form in which the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is wider than the average line spacing in the transverse direction. Characterized in that.
- the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction are based on the direction in which the user of the end-use product looks at the heating element when the heating element is applied to the end use, the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the vertical direction It is done.
- the heating element is applied to the vehicle glass
- the user faces the heating element while sitting in the vehicle, so that the direction horizontal to the ground where the vehicle is stopped is the horizontal direction, and the direction perpendicular to the ground is the longitudinal direction.
- the mean line spacing in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction means an average value of values obtained by measuring all the line spacing in a specific direction.
- the heating element according to the present invention may further include c) a bus bar electrically connected to both ends of the conductive heating pattern and d) a power supply part connected to the bus bar in addition to the a) the transparent substrate and the b) the conductive heating pattern.
- the substrate to which the pattern is to be applied corresponds to a case in which the direction of diffraction and interference of the light can be directional, in particular, the product to be applied, such as a windshield of an automobile, is inclined at an angle or the light is directional.
- the substrate it is necessary to increase the effect in one direction in the direction of diffraction and interference of light.
- the diffraction and interference effects of light can be greatly reduced by using a form in which the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is wider than the line spacing in the transverse direction.
- the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is preferably 1 to 10 times, more preferably 2 to 5 times the average line spacing in the transverse direction. That is, the diffraction of the light and the direction of the interference shape may be adjusted according to the purpose of applying the conductive heating pattern.
- the windshield when applied to a windshield of an automobile, the windshield is inclined about 30 degrees with respect to the ground, so when the average line spacing in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction is similar, the transverse mean line between the light sources Compared to the interval, the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is felt small. Therefore, in this case, the diffraction and interference effects of light appear to be large in the longitudinal direction.
- intentionally making the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction wider than the transverse direction for example, about 2 times in the design stage of the pattern, can eliminate the diffraction and interference effects of the directional light.
- An example of the conductive heating pattern is illustrated in FIG. 1, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a conductive heating pattern according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the heating pattern of FIG. 1 has a form in which the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is twice the average line spacing in the lateral direction, and the result of taking the photo with the pattern at an angle of about 30 degrees of the camera is shown in FIG. 2.
- Figure 2 it can be seen that the light does not spread in any direction but spread in all directions, it can be seen that according to the present invention can minimize the side effects due to the diffraction and interference of the light.
- the conductive heating pattern included in the heating element according to the present invention may have various forms without being particularly limited, as long as the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is wider than the average line spacing in the transverse direction as described above.
- the heating line of the heating pattern may be a straight line, various modifications such as curved lines, wavy lines, zigzag lines are possible.
- a regular pattern may be used as the conductive heating pattern, or an irregular pattern may be used.
- a very regular pattern such as a grid or linear method may be used as the conductive heating pattern.
- the irregular pattern is preferably provided in 30% or more, preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 90% or more of the total area of the transparent substrate.
- a conductive heating pattern when a straight line intersecting the conductive heating pattern is drawn, a ratio of the standard deviation to the average value of the distances between the straight line and the adjacent intersection points of the conductive heating pattern (distance)
- the pattern whose distribution ratio) is 2% or more can be used.
- Such a pattern can prevent side effects due to diffraction and interference of a light source that can be visually detected in the dark.
- the intersecting straight line means a line having a smallest deviation of the closest distance of the intersection point of the pattern generated by the line. Or it may be a line perpendicular to an arbitrary tangent line.
- the straight line intersecting with the conductive heating pattern is preferably a line having the smallest standard deviation of the distance between the intersection points with the conductive heating pattern.
- the straight line crossing the conductive heating pattern may be a straight line extending in a direction perpendicular to the tangent of any one of the conductive heating patterns.
- the intersection with the conductive heating line is preferably 80 or more.
- the ratio (distance distribution ratio) of the standard deviation with respect to the average value of the distance between the straight line crossing the conductive heating pattern and the adjacent intersection points of the conductive heating pattern is 2% or more, more preferably 10% or more, 20 Even more preferred is more than%.
- the heat generation pattern as described above may be provided on at least a part of the surface of the transparent substrate in a conductive heat generation pattern of another form.
- the distribution is composed of continuous closed figures, and the ratio of the standard deviation (area distribution ratio) to the average value of the areas of the closed figures is 2% or more. Can be used.
- At least 100 such closed figures are present.
- the ratio of the standard deviation (area distribution ratio) to the average value of the areas of the closed figures is preferably 2% or more, more preferably 10% or more, and even more preferably 20% or more.
- At least a part of the surface of the transparent substrate provided with the above-described heating pattern having a ratio of the standard deviation (area distribution ratio) to the average value of the area may be provided in another type of conductive heating pattern.
- the distribution of the irregular shape pattern is uniform. It is desirable to make it.
- the opening ratio of a conductive heating pattern is provided uniformly in a unit area.
- the conductive heating pattern preferably has a transmittance deviation of 5% or less for any circle having a diameter of 20 cm. In this case, not only the visibility of the conductive heating pattern can be lowered, but also local heating of the heating element can be prevented.
- the heating element preferably has a standard deviation of less than 20% of the surface temperature of the transparent substrate after the heating.
- the conductive heating pattern may be in the form of a boundary line of figures constituting a Voronoi diagram. At least one of the figures constituting the pattern within the unit area may have a shape different from the remaining figures.
- each point fills the area closest to the point compared to the other points. Pattern in a way.
- the conductive heating pattern is formed using the Voronoi diagram generator, there is an advantage in that a complex pattern shape that can minimize side effects due to diffraction and interference of light can be easily determined.
- Voronoi diagram generator When creating a Voronoi diagram generator, you can properly balance regularity and irregularity. For example, after designating an area of a certain size as a basic unit for the area to be patterned, a point is generated so that the distribution of points in the basic unit is irregular, and then a Voronoi pattern may be manufactured. Using this method, the visual distribution can be compensated by preventing the distribution of lines from being concentrated at any one point.
- the opening ratio of the pattern is constant in the unit area for uniform heating and visibility of the heating element.
- the unit area when borough uniformly control the number per unit area of the noise diagram generator is preferably 5cm 2 or less and, more preferably not more than 1cm 2.
- Number per unit area of the Voronoi diagram generator is 25-2500 pieces / cm 2 is not preferred, and is more preferably from 100-2000 pieces / cm 2.
- the problem of the conventional conductive heating pattern can be solved by forming a pattern having irregularities after generating a certain distribution of the points where the lines of the pattern gather. That is, in the case of using a pattern having irregularities, when the light passes through the pattern, it can be made to go in all directions instead of in one direction, and it can reduce the diffraction and interference effects of the light much compared to the regular pattern. .
- the conductive heating pattern may have a boundary line shape of figures formed of at least one triangle constituting a Delaunay pattern.
- the shape of the conductive heating pattern may be in the form of a boundary line of triangles constituting the Delaunay pattern, or in the form of a boundary line of figures consisting of at least two triangles constituting the Delaunay pattern, or a combination thereof.
- Delaunay pattern is a pattern that is called the Delaunay pattern generator in the area to fill the pattern and connects three surrounding points to form a triangle, but includes all the vertices of the triangle.
- a pattern is formed by drawing a triangle so that no other point exists in the circle. In order to form such a pattern, Delaunay triangulation and circulation may be repeated based on the Delaunay pattern generator.
- the Delaunay triangulation can be performed in such a way as to avoid the skinny triangle by maximizing the minimum angle of all angles of the triangle.
- the concept of the Delaunay pattern was proposed in 1934 by Boris Delaunay. 6 illustrates an example of the Delroni pattern, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the pattern in the form of a boundary line of figures consisting of at least one triangle constituting the Delaunay pattern may use a pattern derived from the generator by regularly or irregularly positioning the location of the Delaunay pattern generator.
- the conductive heating pattern is formed using the Delaunay pattern generator, there is an advantage in that a complex pattern shape that can minimize side effects due to diffraction and interference of light can be easily determined.
- the conductive heating pattern is formed in the form of a boundary line of figures consisting of at least one triangle constituting the Delaunay pattern
- regularity and irregularity when generating the Delaunay pattern generator Can be appropriately harmonized. For example, first, create an irregular and homogeneous reference point in the area where the pattern will be placed.
- irregularity means that the distance between each point is not constant
- homogeneity means that the number of points included per unit area is the same.
- the method of generating irregular and homogeneous reference points as described above is as follows. As shown in Fig. 7, a random point is generated in the entire area. Then, the spacing of the generated points is measured, and the points are removed when the spacing of the points is smaller than the preset value. In addition, a Delaunay triangle pattern is formed based on the points, and when the area of the triangle is larger than the preset value, a point is added inside the triangle. Repeating the above process generates irregular and homogeneous reference points as shown in FIG. 6. Next, we create a Delaunay triangle that contains the generated reference points one by one. This step can be accomplished using a Delaunay pattern. Using this method, the visual distribution can be compensated by preventing the distribution of lines from being concentrated at any one point.
- the unit area is preferably 10 cm 2 or less.
- the number per unit area of the Delaunay pattern generator is preferably 10 to 2500 pieces / cm 2 , more preferably 10 to 2,000 pieces / cm 2 .
- At least one of the figures constituting the pattern within the unit area may have a shape different from the remaining figures.
- the transparent base material is not particularly limited, but the light transmittance is preferably 50% or more, preferably 75% or more.
- glass may be used as the transparent substrate, or a plastic substrate or a plastic film may be used.
- a plastic film as a transparent base material, after forming a conductive heating pattern, it is preferable to bond glass to at least one surface of the transparent base material. At this time, it is more preferable to bond the glass or plastic substrate to the surface on which the conductive heating pattern of the transparent substrate is formed.
- plastic substrate or film materials known in the art may be used, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylbutyral (PVB), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfon (PES), polycarbonate (PC), acetyl celluloid, and the like.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PVB polyvinylbutyral
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PS polyethersulfon
- PC polycarbonate
- acetyl celluloid acetyl celluloid, and the like.
- the film of 80% or more of the same visible light transmittance is preferable. It is preferable that the thickness of the said plastic film is 12.5-500 micrometers, and it is preferable that it is 30-150 micrometers.
- At least 30%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% of the total area of the transparent substrate as described above is a straight line intersecting the irregularly generated conductive heating pattern, for example, the conductive heating pattern.
- the ratio of the standard deviation (distance distribution ratio) to the average value of the distance between the straight lines and the adjacent intersection points of the conductive heating pattern has a pattern of 2% or more, whereby the light source can be visually detected in the dark. Side effects due to diffraction and interference can be prevented.
- the heating line of the conductive heating pattern may be blackened.
- the conductive heating pattern may be formed such that the pattern area consisting of figures of asymmetric structure is 10% or more with respect to the total pattern area.
- the conductive heating pattern is formed in the form of a boundary line of the Voronoi diagram, at least one of the lines connecting the center point of one figure constituting the Voronoi diagram with the center point of the adjacent figure forming the boundary with the figure is connected to the other lines.
- the areas of figures having different lengths may be formed to be 10% or more with respect to the total conductive heating pattern area.
- the conductive heating pattern is formed as a Delaunay pattern
- at least one side constituting the figure consisting of at least one triangle constituting the Delaunay pattern is a pattern area consisting of figures different in length from the other side of the conductive heating pattern It can be formed so that it may become 10% or more with respect to this formed area.
- a large area pattern may be manufactured by using a method of designing a pattern in a limited area and then repeatedly connecting the limited area.
- the repetitive patterns may be connected to each other by fixing the positions of the points of each quadrangle.
- the limited area preferably has an area of 10 cm 2 or more, and more preferably 100 cm 2 or more.
- the line width of the heating line of the above-described conductive heating pattern may be formed to be 100 micrometers or less, preferably 30 micrometers or less, more preferably 25 micrometers or less.
- the interval between the lines of the conductive heating wire is preferably 30 mm or less, preferably 50 micrometers to 10 mm, and preferably 200 micrometers to 0.65 mm.
- the height of the heating wire is 1 to 100 micrometers, more preferably 3 micrometers.
- the average line spacing in the lateral direction of the heat generation pattern is preferably 30 mm or less, and more preferably 10 mm or less.
- the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is preferably 1 to 10 times, more preferably 2 to 5 times the average line spacing in the transverse direction.
- the present invention by irregularizing the heating pattern as described above, it is possible to provide a heating element from which interference fringes generated when the light from the light source passes through the heating element is removed, which can be visually detected in a dark place. Side effects due to diffraction and interference of the light source can be prevented.
- the present invention uses a 100 W incandescent lamp as a reference light source.
- the light intensity is measured through a digital camera.
- the shooting conditions of the camera are, for example, F (aperture value) 3.5, shutter speed 1/100, ISO 400 and monochrome image.
- the light intensity may be quantified through image analysis.
- the light source when measuring the intensity of the light, the light source is located in the center of a black box 30 cm wide, 15 cm long and 30 cm high, and a circle 12.7 mm in diameter is opened 7.5 cm before the center of the light source.
- Device was used. It adopts the light source part of the dual phase measuring device defined in KS L 2007 standard.
- the digital image obtained using the above conditions is stored at 1600 ⁇ 1200 pixels, the light intensity per pixel is represented by 0 to 255, and the area in the light source region per pixel is 0.1-0.16 mm 2.
- the position of the center pixel of the light source is obtained based on the sum of the left, right, and top and bottom intensities based on the light intensity per pixel of the digital image.
- the sum of the light intensity values of pixels corresponding to an angle of 5 degrees with respect to the center pixel of the light source is divided by the number of pixels to obtain an average value of the light intensity for each 5 degrees.
- the pixel used in the calculation is not used 1200 ⁇ 1600 pixels, only the pixel that is less than the distance 500 from the light source center pixel when one pixel is viewed as distance 1 by converting the pixel into a coordinate value. Since the average value is calculated one value per 5 degrees, the average value is 72 values when converted to 360 degrees. Therefore, the standard deviation calculated in the present invention is a value corresponding to the 72 standard deviations.
- the measurement of the light intensity is preferably performed in the dark room.
- the apparatus configuration is shown in FIG.
- the pixel of light intensity of 10 or less is black, the pixel of light intensity of 25 or more is white, the pixel of light intensity between 10 and 25 is gray (Gray scale) can be displayed.
- the shape of the light source in the image obtained by the above method is formed in a longitudinally long oval shape.
- the shape of the light source is observed without being deformed and intact. Therefore, when the shape of the light source is not deformed in the image of the light passing through the heating element, it is defined as substantially no interference fringe.
- the interference fringe when the light from the light source 7 m away from the heating element passes through the heating element, the interference fringe does not substantially occur in the circumferential direction of the light source.
- the heating element according to the present invention is inclined 30 degrees with respect to the vertical line of the ground, the interference fringe does not substantially occur in the circumferential direction of the light source when the light from the light source 7 m away from the heating element passes through the heating element. desirable.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a heating element including a step of forming a conductive heating pattern having a shape having a wider average line spacing in the longitudinal direction than a line spacing in the transverse direction as a conductive heating pattern on one surface of the transparent substrate.
- the method of manufacturing a heating element according to the present invention may further include forming a bus bar electrically connected to both ends of the conductive heating pattern, and providing a power unit connected to the bus bar.
- the bus bar may be formed simultaneously with the formation of the conductive heating pattern or may be formed using the same or different printing method after forming the pattern.
- the conductive heating pattern may be formed by offset printing, and then bus bars may be formed through screen printing.
- the thickness of the bus bar is preferably 1 to 100 micrometers, preferably 10 to 50 micrometers. If it is less than 1 micrometer, the contact resistance between the conductive heating pattern and the bus bar increases, which may result in local heat generation of the contacted portion. If it exceeds 100 micrometers, the electrode material cost increases.
- the connection between the bus bar and the power supply can be made through physical contact with the structure, which has good soldering and conductive heat generation.
- a black pattern may be formed.
- the black pattern may be printed using a paste containing cobalt oxide.
- screen printing is suitable for screen printing, and a thickness of 10-100 micrometers is appropriate.
- the conductive heating pattern and the bus bar may be formed before or after forming the black pattern, respectively.
- the heating element according to the present invention may include an additional transparent substrate provided on the surface provided with the conductive heating pattern of the transparent substrate.
- a bonding film may be sandwiched between the conductive heating pattern and the additional transparent substrate. Temperature and pressure can be controlled during the bonding process.
- the adhesive film is inserted between the transparent substrate on which the conductive heating pattern is formed and the additional transparent substrate, and put it in a vacuum bag to increase the temperature under reduced pressure, or raise the temperature using a hot roll,
- the primary junction is achieved by removing the air.
- the pressure, temperature and time is different depending on the type of adhesive film, but usually 300 ⁇ 700torr pressure, can gradually raise the temperature from room temperature to 100 °C.
- the time is usually preferably within 1 hour.
- the pre-bonded laminate is subjected to the secondary bonding process by the autoclaving process of applying pressure in the autoclave and raising the temperature. Secondary bonding is different depending on the type of adhesive film, it is preferable to perform a slow cooling after 1 hour to 3 hours, preferably about 2 hours at a pressure of 140bar or more and a temperature of about 130 ⁇ 150 °C.
- a method of bonding in one step using a vacuum laminator device may be used.
- the temperature can be gradually reduced to 80 to 150 ° C. while being cooled slowly, and the pressure can be reduced to 100 ° C. ( ⁇ 5 mbar), and then pressurized ( ⁇ 1000 mbar) to join.
- any material having adhesion and becoming transparent after bonding can be used.
- PVB film, EVA film, PU film and the like can be used, but is not limited to these examples.
- the said bonding film is not specifically limited, It is preferable that the thickness is 100-800 micrometers.
- the additional transparent substrate to be bonded may be made of only a transparent substrate, or may be a transparent substrate having a conductive heating pattern manufactured as described above.
- the heating element according to the present invention may be connected to a power source for heat generation, and the heating value is preferably 100 to 700 W, preferably 200 to 300 W per m 2 .
- the heating element according to the present invention has excellent heat generating performance even at low voltage, for example, 30 V or less, preferably 20 V or less, and thus may be usefully used in automobiles and the like.
- the resistance in the heating element is 1 ohm / square or less, preferably 0.5 ohm / square or less.
- the heating element according to the present invention may have a shape forming a curved surface.
- the opening ratio of the conductive heating pattern that is, the ratio of the area of the glass not covered by the pattern is preferably 70% or more.
- the heating element according to the present invention has an excellent heat generation property that can increase the temperature while maintaining a temperature deviation of 10% or less within 5 minutes after the heating operation while the aperture ratio is 70% or more.
- the heating element according to the present invention may be applied to glass used in various transportation means such as automobiles, ships, railways, high speed trains, airplanes, or houses or other buildings.
- the heating element according to the present invention not only has excellent heating characteristics even at low voltage, but also minimizes side effects due to diffraction and interference of light, and can be formed inconspicuously with the above-described line width.
- it can be applied to the windshield of vehicles such as automobiles.
- the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is 1 to 10 times the average line spacing in the transverse direction. More preferably, it is 2 to 5 times.
- the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction is preferably 1 to 3 times the average line spacing in the transverse direction, and more preferably 1 to 2 times.
- the pattern was produced twice as large as the average line spacing in the longitudinal direction compared to the average line spacing in the transverse direction, and the heating pattern is shown in FIG. 1.
- the pattern was photographed at an angle of about 30 degrees to the camera using the KS L 2007 automotive safety glass double phase test method. It was confirmed that light did not spread in any direction but spread in all directions. The measurement results are shown in FIG. 2.
- the pattern was made to have the same average line spacing in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and the heating pattern is shown in FIG. 3.
- the pattern was photographed at an angle of about 30 degrees to the camera using the KS L 2007 automotive safety glass double phase test method. It was confirmed that the light is distorted and spread in some longitudinal directions.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG. 4.
- the heating element including the pattern according to the present invention is not only conspicuous as compared with the conventional heating element, and has excellent heat generation performance at low voltage, and is effective in diffraction and interference of light. It can be seen that the effect that can minimize the side effects caused by.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- a) 투명기재, b) 상기 투명기재의 적어도 일면에 구비된 전도성 발열 패턴으로서, 횡 방향의 평균 선간 간격보다 종 방향의 평균 선간 간격이 넓은 형태를 갖는 전도성 발열 패턴을 포함하는 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴의 횡 방향의 평균 선간 간격보다 종 방향의 평균 선간 간격이 1배 내지 10배 더 넓은 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 발열체는 c) 상기 전도성 발열 패턴 양 끝단에 전기적으로 연결된 버스 바 및 d) 상기 버스 바와 연결된 전원부를 더 포함하는 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 발열체는 지면의 수직선에 대하여 30도 기울였을 때, 상기 발열체와 7 m 떨어진 광원으로부터 나온 빛이 상기 발열체를 통과했을 때 광원의 원주 방향으로 간섭 무늬가 실질적으로 발생하지 않는 것이 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴은 규칙적인 패턴인 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴은 불규칙적인 패턴인 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴은 상기 전도성 발열 패턴과 교차하는 직선을 그렸을 때, 상기 직선과 상기 전도성 발열 패턴의 인접하는 교점들간의 거리의 평균값에 대한 표준 편차의 비율(거리 분포 비율)이 2% 이상인 패턴을 포함하는 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴은 분포가 연속적인 폐쇄 도형들로 이루어지고, 상기 폐쇄 도형들의 면적의 평균값에 대한 표준 편차의 비율(면적 분포 비율)이 2% 이상인 패턴을 포함하는 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴은 직경 20 ㎝의 임의의 원에 대한 투과율 편차가 5% 이하인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴은 보로노이 다이어그램(Voronoi diagram)을 이루는 도형들의 경계선 형태 또는 델로니 패턴(Delaunay pattern)을 이루는 적어도 하나의 삼각형으로 이루어진 도형들의 경계선 형태의 패턴을 포함하는 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴은 선폭이 100 마이크로미터 이하인 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴의 횡 방향의 평균 선간 간격은 30 mm 이하인 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 투명기재의 전도성 발열 패턴이 구비된 면에 추가의 투명기재가 구비된 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 투명기재는 유리, 플라스틱 기판 또는 필름인 것인 발열체.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 운송수단 또는 건축물 유리용 발열체.
- 청구항 1 내지 15 중 어느 하나의 항에 따른 발열체를 포함하는 운송수단 또는 건축물용 유리.
- 청구항 16에 있어서, 상기 유리는 자동차용 앞유리인 것인 운송수단 또는 건축물용 유리.
- 투명기재의 일면에 전도성 발열 패턴으로서, 횡 방향의 평균 선간 간격보다 종 방향의 평균 선간 간격이 넓은 형태를 갖는 전도성 발열 패턴을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 발열체의 제조방법.
- 청구항 18에 있어서, 상기 전도성 발열 패턴의 양단에 전기적으로 연결된 버스 바(bus bar)를 형성하는 단계, 및 상기 버스 바와 연결된 전원부를 마련하는 단계를 더 포함하는 발열체의 제조방법.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2011800178988A CN102835186A (zh) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-30 | 加热元件及其制造方法 |
US13/638,485 US20130020303A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-30 | Heating element and method for manufacturing same |
EP11763026.9A EP2555584A4 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-30 | HEATING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
JP2013502477A JP2013527561A (ja) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-30 | 発熱体およびその製造方法 |
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KR20100030030 | 2010-04-01 | ||
KR10-2010-0030030 | 2010-04-01 |
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WO2011122854A2 true WO2011122854A2 (ko) | 2011-10-06 |
WO2011122854A3 WO2011122854A3 (ko) | 2012-01-05 |
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PCT/KR2011/002190 WO2011122854A2 (ko) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-03-30 | 발열체 및 이의 제조방법 |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20130020303A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2555584A4 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2013527561A (ko) |
KR (2) | KR20110110721A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN102835186A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2011122854A2 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2013238029A (ja) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-28 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | ガラス板、及びガラス戸 |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10412788B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2019-09-10 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Heating element and manufacturing method thereof |
CN103098541B (zh) * | 2010-09-14 | 2015-06-17 | Lg化学株式会社 | 加热元件及其制造方法 |
GB201404084D0 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2014-04-23 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Glazing |
EP3175485A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2017-06-07 | ABB Schweiz AG | Phase control thyristor |
JP6395044B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-24 | 2018-09-26 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 合わせガラスの製造方法 |
USD804830S1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-12-12 | Nta Enterprises | Textile sheet with a camouflage pattern |
KR102058865B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-12-24 | (주)아이엠 | 초가속 열소재를 이용한 발열 디바이스 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP2020167047A (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 日東電工株式会社 | ヒータ |
JP2019192645A (ja) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-10-31 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 発熱板に用いられる導電体付シート |
Citations (1)
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KR20100030030A (ko) | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-18 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 터치 버튼 진동 제어 장치 및 방법 |
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US2641675A (en) * | 1950-01-17 | 1953-06-09 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Printed electrical conductor |
US3947618A (en) * | 1972-10-31 | 1976-03-30 | General Electric Company | Electrically heated transparent panel |
GB2091528B (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1984-11-07 | Boussois Sa | Heatable panels |
DE3506891A1 (de) * | 1985-02-27 | 1986-08-28 | VEGLA Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH, 5100 Aachen | Verfahren zur herstellung einer beheizbaren glasscheibe und siebdruckschablone fuer die durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
EP0464402A3 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1992-09-09 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | A method of producing a screen for printing a heating line pattern and a method of forming a heating line pattern on a glass plate |
KR940011126B1 (ko) * | 1992-06-29 | 1994-11-23 | 치흐시융 린 | 고열차단, 고휘도 및 단방향 반사성을 가지는 열선 반사유리 구조 |
JPH11214128A (ja) * | 1998-01-29 | 1999-08-06 | Hiroshi Tamura | 発熱布 |
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GB0520306D0 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2005-11-16 | Pilkington Plc | Laminated glazing |
JP2011515809A (ja) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-05-19 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 発熱体およびその製造方法 |
JP5021842B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-13 | 2012-09-12 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 発熱体およびその製造方法 |
KR20090129927A (ko) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 발열체 및 이의 제조방법 |
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2011
- 2011-03-30 JP JP2013502477A patent/JP2013527561A/ja active Pending
- 2011-03-30 EP EP11763026.9A patent/EP2555584A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-30 CN CN2011800178988A patent/CN102835186A/zh active Pending
- 2011-03-30 WO PCT/KR2011/002190 patent/WO2011122854A2/ko active Application Filing
- 2011-03-30 US US13/638,485 patent/US20130020303A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-03-30 KR KR1020110029064A patent/KR20110110721A/ko active Application Filing
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- 2013-04-12 KR KR1020130040222A patent/KR20130042535A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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KR20100030030A (ko) | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-18 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 터치 버튼 진동 제어 장치 및 방법 |
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JP2013238029A (ja) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-28 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | ガラス板、及びガラス戸 |
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EP2555584A2 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
KR20130042535A (ko) | 2013-04-26 |
KR20110110721A (ko) | 2011-10-07 |
JP2013527561A (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
US20130020303A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
CN102835186A (zh) | 2012-12-19 |
WO2011122854A3 (ko) | 2012-01-05 |
EP2555584A4 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
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