WO2011118039A1 - 充電状態推定装置 - Google Patents
充電状態推定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011118039A1 WO2011118039A1 PCT/JP2010/055457 JP2010055457W WO2011118039A1 WO 2011118039 A1 WO2011118039 A1 WO 2011118039A1 JP 2010055457 W JP2010055457 W JP 2010055457W WO 2011118039 A1 WO2011118039 A1 WO 2011118039A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3828—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for estimating a state of charge (SOC: State Of Charge) of a secondary battery.
- SOC State Of Charge
- Patent Document 1 estimates the SOC from current integration during charging and discharging, and estimates the SOC by estimating open circuit voltage during standby.
- Patent Document 1 uses an equivalent circuit of a battery to estimate an open circuit voltage, which requires an internal resistance value depending on temperature and SOC, and further considers deterioration of the battery. There was a problem that had to be done.
- the above-mentioned patent document 2 estimates the open circuit voltage by measuring a total voltage of a battery and adding a predetermined value when the rate of change becomes a predetermined value or less after charging and discharging. Therefore, it can be estimated only by measuring the total voltage value without using the equivalent circuit constant. However, a significant difference occurs in the SOC only when the open circuit voltage of the cell differs by 1 mV, so that there is a problem that the voltage measurement accuracy must be high in order to obtain a stable value.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a state-of-charge estimation device that can suppress fluctuations in the estimated SOC value.
- the present invention is a charge state estimation device that is connected to a power storage device in which a plurality of cell batteries are connected and estimates the charge state of the power storage device, Using the previous value of the state estimated value as the initial value, the current integrated value is calculated based on the current from the detector that detects the current flowing into and out of the power storage device from the power conversion unit, and is used as the first charge state estimated value.
- a first calculation unit that outputs, a voltage detected at a connection point between the power conversion unit and the power storage device after charging and discharging of the power storage device, a previous value of the voltage, and the power storage device
- a second arithmetic unit that estimates an open circuit voltage based on the gain that decreases with the lapse of time after the charging and discharging stop and outputs the second circuit state estimated value, and the first state of charge estimated value, Second charge state estimation Characterized by comprising a selection unit for selecting one of the.
- the first SOC calculation unit for estimating the first charge state estimation value the second SOC calculation unit for estimating the second charge state estimation value, the variable gain, and the previous SOC value
- the SOC sudden change prevention unit that suppresses the sudden change of the second state of charge estimation value based on the above, the SOC estimation even when the measurement accuracy of the battery voltage is low or when the ripple is seen in the measurement voltage There is an effect that fluctuation of the value can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electric vehicle to which a charging state estimation device of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the power storage device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the charging state estimation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of the first SOC calculation unit of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the first flag generation unit in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the second flag generation unit in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of the second SOC calculation unit of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the cell open circuit voltage and the SOC.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electric vehicle to which a charging state estimation device of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the power storage device of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the gain K3 illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of the SOC sudden change prevention unit of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of the SOC selection unit of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit for setting an initial value of the unit delay unit illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a figure which shows the structure of the charge condition estimation apparatus concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a second SOC calculation unit according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electric vehicle to which a charging state estimation device 10 of the present invention is applied
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power storage device 11 of FIG. 1
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the charge condition estimation apparatus 10 concerning Embodiment 1 of invention.
- a power converter (power converter) 12 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a current collector 14 and a wheel 15 serving as a return circuit for a return current, and is connected to a substation (not shown) serving as a DC power source. It receives power from the overhead line 13.
- the voltage detector 18 shown in FIG. 1 detects the voltage at the connection point between the power conversion device 12 and the power storage device 11.
- the current detector 17 detects a current flowing into and out of the power storage device 11. Based on the current command Iall * from the power converter 12, the total voltage Vall detected by the voltage detector 18, and the total current Iall detected by the current detector 17, the charge state estimation device 10 estimates the SOC. Calculate and output the value.
- the power storage device 11 includes battery modules 21-1 to 2nm.
- the battery module 21-1 is obtained by connecting cell batteries 6-1 to 6-k in series.
- the battery module 2n-1 is obtained by connecting cell batteries 7-1 to 7-k in series
- the battery module 21-m is obtained by connecting cell batteries 4-1 to 4-k in series.
- the battery module 2n-m is obtained by connecting cell batteries 5-1 to 5-k in series.
- Each cell battery is a secondary battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, such as a lithium ion secondary battery, and the SOC of each cell battery can be observed by measuring an open circuit voltage value.
- the power storage device 11 may be provided with a breaker, a battery monitoring device, or the like, but is omitted here.
- the voltage between the terminals of the power storage device 11 is the total voltage Vall.
- the charge / discharge current is the total current Iall, and the value of the total current Iall is positive for charging.
- the parallel number of cells (modules) in the power storage device 11 is m, and the serial number is n.
- n number of modules * number of cells in series in the module.
- the voltage resulting from the resistance component of the conductor used for the connection between terminals and a cable during charging / discharging is added to the total voltage Vall.
- the total voltage Vall and the total current Iall are measured using the voltage detector 18 and the current detector 17 installed between the power converter 12 and the power storage device 11.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, the total voltage Vall and the total current Iall measured on the charge / discharge circuit side (not shown) may be used. In these cases, since the resistance component of the cable up to the charging state estimation device 10 becomes larger, it is desirable to consider the attenuation due to this resistance component.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the charging state estimation device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the charge state estimation device 10 mainly includes a first flag generation unit 21, a second flag generation unit 22, a second SOC calculation unit 24, a first SOC calculation unit 20, and an SOC selection unit. 23, an SOC sudden change prevention unit (change amount limiting unit) 25, and a unit delay unit 26.
- the first SOC calculation unit 20 includes the total current Iall, the first flag (FLG1) generated by the first flag generation unit 21, and the SOCz that is the SOC previous value from the unit delay unit 26 (hereinafter referred to as “previous time”).
- First charge state estimated value (hereinafter, simply referred to as “first estimated value”) SOC1 is calculated and output.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 calculates the second charge state estimated value.
- the SOC 20 is calculated and output.
- the SOC sudden change prevention unit (hereinafter simply referred to as “sudden change prevention unit”) 25 includes a second charge state estimation value (hereinafter simply referred to as “second estimation value”) SOC 20 from the second SOC calculation unit 24, and a unit. Based on the previous value SOCz from the delay unit 26, a third charge state estimated value (hereinafter simply referred to as “third estimated value”) SOC2 is output.
- the SOC selector 23 determines the first estimated value SOC1 from the first SOC calculator 20 and the third estimated value SOC2 from the sudden change prevention unit 25 according to the value of FLG2 from the second flag generator 22. Is output as the SOC.
- the entire calculation cycle t1 sec of the charging state estimation device 10 is, for example, 0.1 sec.
- the power storage device 11 is composed of a large number of cells as described above. In general, a battery connected in series is provided with a battery voltage equalizing means (not shown), and the series cells connected in parallel have substantially the same voltage. Therefore, it is considered that the SOC variation of the cell battery is not large. For this reason, SOC is handled as a single value.
- (First SOC calculation unit 20) 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of the first SOC calculation unit of FIG. 3
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of the first flag generation unit of FIG. 3
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of 2 flag production
- the first SOC calculation unit 20 includes a gain unit 41, a multiplier 42, an integrator 43, a gain unit 44, and a gain unit 45.
- the gain unit 41 obtains the cell current average value Icell by multiplying the total current Iall by the gain 1 / m. That is, the average value of the cell current is obtained by dividing the total current Iall by the parallel number m of the cell batteries.
- Multiplier 42 multiplies cell current average value Icell from gain unit 41 and FLG1 and outputs the result.
- the multiplier 42 stops the integration when FLG1 is 0, and executes the integration when FLG1 is 1.
- the integrator 43 integrates the output from the multiplier 42, and when FLG2 is 1, it is reset every time.
- the gain unit 45 multiplies the previous value SOCz by the gain K2 and converts it into a current integrated initial value (initial value).
- the current integration initial value when reset by FLG2 is obtained from the previous value SOCz.
- the FLG 2 is generated by a second flag generation unit 22 described later.
- the gain unit 44 multiplies the current integrated value from the integrator 43 by the gain K1 and converts it into the first estimated value SOC1.
- K1 1 / battery capacity (Ah) / 3600 sec * 100 (%).
- the first SOC calculation unit 20 is configured to stop the integration in order to prevent the error increase of the SOC value due to the influence of the current detection error.
- the current is small, the current detection error is affected during current integration. Therefore, when the FLG1 is 0, the first SOC calculation unit 20 stops the integration by the multiplier 42 so that the output value of the integrator 43 does not change, and the first estimated value SOC1 becomes a constant value. It is configured.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the first flag generation unit 21 illustrated in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5B illustrates the first flag generation unit 21 illustrated in FIG. It is a figure which shows the other structural example.
- the first flag generator 21a shown in FIG. 5A compares the absolute value calculator 101a that calculates the absolute value of the total current Iall with the absolute value from the absolute value calculator 101a and the current threshold Iallmin. And a comparator 102a that outputs the comparison result as FLG1.
- (A) of Iall is equal to or greater than the current threshold value Iallmin (B)
- FLG1 1.
- (A) of Iall is less than the current threshold value Iallmin (B)
- FLG1 0.
- the first calculated value 21b shown in FIG. 5B compares the absolute value calculator 101b that calculates the absolute value of the total current Iall with the absolute value from the absolute value calculator 101b and the current threshold value Iallmin.
- a comparator 102b for outputting a comparison result; and a NOR gate 103 for inputting an output from the comparator 102b and a gate block GB from a charge / discharge circuit (not shown) and outputting the logical result as FLG1.
- Configured. If it is configured to output FLG1 0 when the gate block GB from the charge / discharge circuit is detected, the value of FLG1 is changed more accurately than the first flag generator 21a shown in FIG. be able to.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of the second flag generation unit 22 of FIG.
- t2 is, for example, 20 sec.
- the second flag generator 22b shown in FIG. 6B includes a comparator 104b that outputs 1 when the current command Iall * is 0, an output from the comparator 104b, and a charge / discharge circuit (not shown).
- the second flag generator shown in FIG. The value of FLG2 can be changed with higher accuracy than 22b.
- the ON delay unit 105a of FIG. 6A and the ON delay unit 105b of FIG. 6B delay and change the value of FLG2 only when the value of FLG3 changes from 0 to 1, but the value of FLG3 is changed.
- the value of FLG2 is changed without delay.
- the SOC estimation is suspended during the period t2 (s) in which the Val after charge / discharge changes suddenly.
- the transition to the second estimated value SOC20 of the second SOC calculation unit 24 is prevented during a period in which charging / discharging is continued due to constant voltage charging / discharging (for example, during the period t2).
- (Second SOC calculation unit 24) 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of the second SOC calculation unit 24 in FIG. 3
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between the cell open circuit voltage and the SOC
- FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the gain K3.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 shown in FIG. 7 mainly includes a gain unit 51a, a gain unit 52, a limiter 53, a table 54a, a unit delay unit 55, a subtractor 58, and an adder 59. And is configured.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 operates when FLG3 in FIG. 6 is 1, and the calculation cycle is t3 sec.
- t3 is, for example, 5 sec, and is, for example, 50 times the entire calculation cycle of the charging state estimation device 10.
- the gain unit 51a obtains the cell voltage average value Vcell by multiplying the total voltage Vall by the gain 1 / n. That is, the average voltage value of the cell is obtained by dividing the total voltage Vall by the series number n of cell batteries.
- the unit delay unit 55 delays the cell voltage average value Vcell from the gain unit 51a by one sample (t3) and outputs it. That is, the previous value of the cell voltage average value Vcell is output.
- the subtractor 58 outputs the difference between the output from the unit delay unit 55 (previous value) and the output from the gain unit 51a (current value).
- the gain unit 52 multiplies the difference from the subtractor 58 by a gain K3 and outputs the result.
- the adder 59 adds the output (previous value) from the unit delay unit 55 to the output from the gain unit 52 to obtain an open circuit voltage estimated value (open circuit voltage) Vocell.
- Vocell Vcell, but immediately after charging, Vocell ⁇ Vcell, and then the difference gradually decreases. Further, immediately after the discharge, Vocell> Vcell, and thereafter, the difference gradually decreases. Therefore, the second SOC calculation unit 24 obtains the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell at the present (k) using the following equation.
- Vocell (k) Vcell (k ⁇ 1) + K3 * (Vcell (k) ⁇ Vcell (k ⁇ 1)) (1)
- the gain K3 is a variable gain.
- the limiter 53 limits the value of the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell from the adder 59 to a realistic value when referring to the table 54.
- the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell and the SOC are associated with the table 54a.
- the correspondence between the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell and the SOC can be obtained by a charge / discharge test of the battery cell.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 refers to the table 54 a and outputs the SOC value corresponding to the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell limited by the limiter 53 as the second estimated value SOC20.
- An approximate expression may be used instead of the table 54a.
- the value of the gain K3 set in the gain unit 52 is set so as to become smaller as time passes and the final value becomes less than 1 as shown in FIG.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 performs calculation in increments of t3, for example, the gain for the t2 period (from 0 to 20 sec)
- the value of K3 is about 6.
- the reason why the value of the gain K3 is set in this way is as follows.
- a scene when the power storage device 11 stops discharging during discharging will be described as an example.
- the difference between Vcell (k ⁇ 1) and Vcell (k) ⁇ Vcell (k ⁇ 1) increases because it is immediately after the end of the discharge. If the value of the gain K3 in the vicinity of the t2 period is small, the change in the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell is large, and accordingly, the second estimated value SOC20 varies greatly.
- the SOC is estimated by current integration until immediately before the end of discharge, but the total voltage Vall is rapidly recovered (increased) in the vicinity of the period t2 immediately after the end of discharge.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 In order to estimate the stable SOC while suppressing the fluctuation of the second estimated value SOC20, the second SOC calculation unit 24 according to the present embodiment increases the value of the gain K3 in the vicinity of the t2 period immediately after the end of the discharge. It prevents the SOC from going too far. Note that excessive SOC means that the estimated SOC value based on the open circuit voltage estimation immediately after the end of discharging is lower than the estimated SOC value based on current integration immediately after the end of discharging.
- the reason why the value of the gain K3 is set in this way is as follows.
- the change of the cell voltage average value Vcell should be small because it has passed for a while since the end of the discharge. However, even if the discharge is stopped, the switching in the power converter 12 continues, so that the current detector 17 causes a ripple.
- the cell voltage average value Vcell varies.
- the second estimated value SOC20 also fluctuates accordingly.
- the gain K3 at the time of charging is also a value that decreases with time in the same manner as at the time of discharging.
- the value of the gain K3 is set to be large in the vicinity of the t2 period, and is set to gradually decrease after the t2 period has elapsed.
- the magnitude relationship between the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell and the voltage average value Vcell is opposite after discharging and after charging, but the absolute value of the rate of change of the voltage average value Vcell is both large and small after discharging and after charging. It is to become.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the sudden change prevention unit 25 of FIG.
- the sudden change prevention unit 25 includes a subtracter 63, a gain unit 61, a limiter 62, and a subtractor 64 as main components.
- the subtracter 63 outputs the difference between the previous value SOCz and the second estimated value SOC20.
- the gain unit 61 multiplies the difference from the subtractor 63 by K4, and the limiter 62 outputs the output from the gain unit 61 by limiting it to ⁇ 0.02 (%) per 0.1 sec.
- the subtractor 64 adds the output from the limiter 62 to the previous value SOCz, and outputs the result as the third estimated value SOC2.
- the third estimated value SOC2 (%) is calculated by the following equation.
- Third estimated value SOC2 (%) SOCz ⁇ Limit (K4 (SOCz ⁇ SOC20)) (2)
- K4 is, for example, 0.8
- the setting of the limiter 62 is, for example, ⁇ 0.02 ( %).
- the third estimated value SOC2 changes by 0.02 (%) at maximum in 0.1 sec.
- the second estimated value SOC20 is 49.98 (%) after 0.1 sec.
- the second estimated value SOC20 after 5 seconds from the input to the sudden change prevention unit 25 is 49.0 (%), which is decreased by 1 (%).
- the value of the second estimated value SOC20 increases from 50%, the second estimated value SOC20 after 5 seconds is 51.0 (%).
- the sudden change prevention unit 25 prevents the sudden change of the third estimated value SOC2 by limiting the change of the second estimated value SOC20 from the second SOC calculating unit 24 to 1% in 5 seconds.
- the value of K4 mentioned above and the set value of the limiter 62 are examples, and are not limited to these.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of the SOC selection unit of FIG.
- the switch 71 selects and outputs the first estimated value SOC1 from the first SOC calculation unit 20. That is, when
- the third estimated value SOC2 is selected after the elapse of the period t2 until charging / discharging is resumed.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit for setting an initial value of the unit delay unit shown in FIG.
- the initial value setting circuit 24a of FIG. 12 includes a gain unit 51b and a table 54b.
- the gain unit 51b obtains the cell voltage average value Vcell by multiplying the total voltage Vall by the gain 1 / n.
- the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell and the SOC are associated with the table 54b.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 refers to the table 54b and outputs the SOC value corresponding to the cell voltage average value Vcell as an initial value.
- An approximate expression may be used instead of the table 54b.
- the initial value setting circuit 24a determines the SOC value (initial Value).
- the first SOC calculation unit 20 and the sudden change prevention unit 25 shown in FIG. are used to calculate the first estimated value SOC1 and the second estimated value SOC20. If sufficient time has not elapsed since the previous charge / discharge, the second SOC calculation unit 24 in FIG. 7 updates the value to an appropriate SOC.
- the measured value of the total voltage Vall includes ripples and noise, for example, the total voltage Vall is input to a 100 Hz low-pass filter, and then the SOC is estimated using the filter output as the total voltage Vall. Also good.
- the total voltage Vall is about 600 V, and the number of cell batteries in series at this time exceeds 160.
- the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the SOC is that the value of the SOC / open circuit voltage increases as the open circuit voltage and the SOC increase, so that the voltage fluctuations as the SOC increases.
- the effect of For example, when the open circuit voltage changes by 10 mV (the total voltage is 1.6 V in the case of 160 series), the SOC may change by 2 to 3%. Therefore, in consideration of the resolution and measurement accuracy of the voltage detector 18, it is difficult to suppress the change in the SOC to the 1% level.
- the state of charge estimation device 10 of the present embodiment uses an SOC calculation based on current integration (first SOC calculation unit 20) and an SOC calculation based on open circuit voltage estimation (second SOC calculation unit 24) in combination. Thus, it is possible to achieve both the estimation accuracy during charging and discharging and during rest.
- the open circuit voltage estimation does not require a battery equivalent circuit model, and uses only the measured value of the total voltage Vall to obtain a stable estimated value that avoids a large deviation from the actual SOC and excessive fluctuation of the estimated value. be able to. It is also less susceptible to noise.
- the charge state estimation apparatus 10 concerning this Embodiment can respond
- the charging state estimation device 10 calculates the current integrated value of the total current Iall detected by the current detector 17 using the previous value SOCz as an initial value, and calculates the current integrated value.
- a first SOC calculation unit 20 that calculates the first estimated value SOC1 based on the cell voltage, the cell voltage average value Vcell of the total voltage Vall detected by the voltage detector 18 after charging and discharging of the power storage device 11, and the cell Second SOC calculation that outputs, as the second estimated value SOC20, the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell calculated based on the previous value of the voltage average value Vcell and the gain K3 that changes with the lapse of time after stopping charging and discharging.
- a change amount of the second estimated value SOC20 in the calculation cycle t3 of the second SOC calculating unit 24 is predetermined.
- the abrupt change prevention unit 25 to limit (1%) or less. Thus comprises, it is possible to improve the accuracy of estimating the SOC during charge and discharge and during charging and discharging rest.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 can calculate the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell using only the total voltage Vall, the open circuit voltage can be calculated without using an equivalent circuit model as in the prior art.
- the SOC can be estimated from the estimated value Vocell.
- the 2nd SOC calculating part 24 concerning this Embodiment calculates the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell using the gain part 52, the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell after completion
- the SOC can be estimated even during a period (t2 period) in which the value Vocell cannot be estimated.
- the cell batteries of the power storage device 11 are n series ⁇ m parallel, but it goes without saying that the values of n and m can be configured by any number of 1 or more.
- the above-described calculation cycles t1 to t3 are examples, and are not limited to these values.
- the value of the gain K3 shown in FIG. 9 is set to be constant during the t2 period (from 0 to 20 sec) and then gradually decreases. For example, the value of the gain K3 is charged / discharged. The same effect can be obtained even if it is configured to gradually change from the end point (0 sec).
- FIG. FIG. 13 is a figure which shows the structure of the charge condition estimation apparatus 10 concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- the difference from the charging state estimation device 10 of FIG. 3 is that it has a table 9.
- the secondary battery applied to the power storage device 11 deteriorates with use and decreases in capacity. It is important to accurately grasp the SOC of the secondary battery. For example, if the secondary battery is overcharged without accurately knowing the SOC of the secondary battery, long-term reliability such as the life of the secondary battery may be impaired. For this reason, it is necessary to accurately determine the SOC of the secondary battery being used and perform charge control.
- the gain (K1 and K2) for converting the current integrated value from the integrator 43 into the first estimated value SOC1 is set in the first SOC calculation unit 20.
- the charging state estimation device 10 does not use the gains K1 and K2 derived from a fixed value (battery capacity) such as a nominal value of the battery, but according to the degree of deterioration of the power storage device 11.
- the estimated battery capacity (Ah) is used to reduce the estimation error of the first estimated value SOC1.
- the battery capacity obtained from the charge / discharge time integrated value, the charge / discharge capacity integrated value, etc. that is, the battery capacity corrected according to the capacity decrease of the power storage device 11, and the gain K1 corresponding to the battery capacity K2 is associated.
- the first SOC calculator 20 refers to the table 9 and calculates the first estimated value SOC1 using the gains K1 and K2 corresponding to the corrected battery capacity.
- the charging state estimation device 10 calculates the first estimated value SOC1 using the gains K1 and K2 corresponding to the corrected battery capacity. In addition to the effect of the charging state estimation device 10 according to the first embodiment, it is possible to improve the calculation accuracy of the SOC by current integration.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the second SOC calculation unit 24 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted, and only different parts will be described here.
- the same blocks as those in FIG. 7 The difference from the second SOC calculation unit 24 in FIG. 7 is that a gain calculation unit 56 and a multiplier 57 are included.
- the gain calculation unit 56 calculates the gain K3 that changes depending on the module temperature (battery temperature) T1 with the passage of time after the charging and discharging of the power storage device 11 is stopped.
- the module temperature T1 is the temperature of the battery module obtained from the power storage device 11 of FIG.
- the multiplier 57 multiplies the difference from the subtractor 58 and the gain K3 from the gain calculation unit 56, and the adder 59 adds the output from the unit delay unit 55 to the output from the multiplier 57 to estimate the open circuit voltage.
- the value Vocell is determined.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 multiplies the output from the subtractor 58 (difference in voltage average value Vcell) by the gain K3 from the gain calculation unit 56, thereby satisfying. Even when the voltage change characteristic of the power storage device 11 after discharge changes depending on the module temperature T1, the estimation accuracy of the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell can be improved.
- the module temperature T1 is not limited to the module temperature itself, and may be a temperature at another location that reflects the battery temperature. Further, the second SOC calculation unit 24 according to the present embodiment may be combined with the first SOC calculation unit 20 according to the second embodiment. Furthermore, the information input to the gain calculation unit 56 for calculating the gain K3 is not limited to the module temperature T1, and uses information that changes according to the battery temperature, for example, values such as current, voltage, and SOC. May be.
- the second SOC calculating unit 24 calculates the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell based on the module temperature T1 and the total voltage Vall. In addition to the effect of the second SOC calculating unit 24, the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell corresponding to the change of the module temperature T1 can be calculated, so that the estimation accuracy of the second estimated value SOC20 can be increased. is there.
- the charge state estimation device 10 shown in the first and second embodiments is configured so that the first estimated value SOC1 from the first SOC calculating unit 20 and The third estimated value SOC2 from the SOC sudden change prevention unit 25 is selected.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the sudden change prevention unit 25 is eliminated and the second SOC is selected.
- the aspect which inputs the 2nd estimated value SOC20 from the calculating part 24 directly to the SOC selection part 23 may be sufficient.
- the SOC selection unit 23 selects either the first estimated value SOC1 or the second estimated value SOC20 according to the value of FLG2 from the second flag generation unit 22.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 suppresses the fluctuation of the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell after the lapse of the period t2, so that the second estimated value SOC20 like the first and second embodiments changes suddenly. Although the effect of prevention cannot be expected, since the change in the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell is suppressed as compared with the prior art, the estimation accuracy of the second estimated value SOC20 can be improved.
- the 1st SOC calculating part 20 shown in Embodiment 1, 2 is comprised so that the cell part average value Icell may be calculated
- a gain part instead of 41 the total current Iall may be integrated to obtain the first estimated value SOC1.
- the second SOC calculation unit 24 shown in the first and second embodiments is configured to calculate the cell voltage average value Vcell by the gain unit 51a and calculate the open circuit voltage estimated value Vocell. It is not limited to. For example, without using the gain unit 51a, the difference between the total voltage Vall and the previous value of the total voltage Vall is multiplied by the gain unit 52, and the output from the gain unit 52 and the previous value of the total voltage Vall are added. The circuit voltage may be estimated.
- Embodiments 1 to 3 show an example of the contents of the present invention, and can be combined with other known techniques. Of course, it is possible to change and configure such as omitting a part without departing from the scope.
- the present invention can be applied to a device that performs SOC estimation of a secondary battery, and in particular, when the measurement accuracy of the battery voltage is low or when ripples are seen in the measurement voltage, fluctuations in the estimated SOC value It is useful as an invention capable of suppressing the above.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の充電状態推定装置10が適用される電気車の構成を示す図であり、図2は、図1の電力貯蔵装置11の構成を示す図であり、図3は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる充電状態推定装置10の構成を示す図である。
図3は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる充電状態推定装置10の構成を示す図である。充電状態推定装置10は、主たる構成として、第1のフラグ生成部21と、第2のフラグ生成部22と、第2のSOC演算部24と、第1のSOC演算部20と、SOC選択部23と、SOC急変防止部(変化量制限部)25と、単位遅延部26とを有して構成されている。
図4は、図3の第1のSOC演算部の構成を示す図であり、図5は、図3の第1のフラグ生成部の構成を示す図であり、図6は、図3の第2のフラグ生成部の構成を示す図である。
図7は、図3の第2のSOC演算部24の構成を示す図であり、図8は、セル開回路電圧とSOCとの関係を示す図であり、図9は、図7に示されるゲインK3の一例を示す図である。
Vocell(k)=Vcell(k-1)+K3*(Vcell(k)-Vcell(k-1))・・・(1)
図10は、図3の急変防止部25の構成を示す図である。急変防止部25は、主たる構成として、減算器63と、ゲイン部61と、リミッタ62と、減算器64とを有して構成されている。
第3推定値SOC2(%)=SOCz-Limit(K4(SOCz-SOC20))・・・(2)ただし、K4の値は例えば0.8であり、リミッタ62の設定は例えば±0.02(%)である。
図13は、本発明の実施の形態2にかかる充電状態推定装置10の構成を示す図である。以下、第1の実施の形態と同一部分には同一符号を付してその説明を省略し、ここでは異なる部分についてのみ述べる。図3の充電状態推定装置10と異なる部分は、テーブル9を有している点である。電力貯蔵装置11に適用される二次電池は、使用するにつれて劣化し容量が減少する。その二次電池のSOCを正確に把握することが重要である。例えば、二次電池のSOCを正確に把握できずに、二次電池が過充電されると、二次電池の寿命などの長期信頼性が損なわれることがある。そのため、使用している二次電池のSOCを精度よく判定し、充電制御を行うことが必要となる。
図14は、本発明の実施の形態3にかかる第2のSOC演算部24の構成を示す図である。以下、第1の実施の形態と同一部分には同一符号を付してその説明を省略し、ここでは異なる部分についてのみ述べる。図7と同じブロックには同じ番号を付している。図7の第2のSOC演算部24と異なる部分は、ゲイン算出部56と乗算器57とを有している点である。
4-1,4-k,5-1,5-k,6-1,6-k,7-1,7-k セル電池
9,54a,54b テーブル
10 充電状態推定装置
11 電力貯蔵装置
12 電力変換装置
13 架線
14 集電装置
15 車輪
17 電流検出器
18 電圧検出器
20 第1のSOC演算部
21,21a,21b 第1のフラグ生成部
22,22a,22b 第2のフラグ生成部
23 SOC選択部
24 第2のSOC演算部
24a 初期値設定回路
25 SOC急変防止部(変化量制限部)
26,55 単位遅延部
41,44,45,51,51a,51b,52,61 ゲイン部
42,57 乗算器
43 積分器
53,62 リミッタ
56 ゲイン算出部
58,63,64 減算器
59 加算器
71 スイッチ
101a,101b 絶対値演算器
102a,102b,104a,104b 比較器
103 NORゲート
105a,105b ON遅延部
106 ORゲート
FLG1 第1のフラグ
FLG2 第2のフラグ
FLG3 第3のフラグ
GB ゲートブロック
Iall 総電流
Iall* 電流指令
Icell セル電流平均値
Iallmin 電流閾値
K1,K2,K3 ゲイン
SOC1 第1の充電状態推定値
SOC20 第2の充電状態推定値
SOC2 第3の充電状態推定値
SOCz SOC前回値
T1 モジュール温度
t1 電力貯蔵装置全体の演算周期
t2 充放電後のVallが急変する期間
t3 第2のSOC演算部の演算周期
Vall 総電圧
Vcell セル電圧平均値(電圧平均値)
Vocell 開回路電圧推定値(開回路電圧)
Claims (6)
- セル電池を複数接続した電力貯蔵装置に接続され、前記電力貯蔵装置の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定装置であって、
充電状態推定値の前回値を初期値として、電力変換部からの前記電力貯蔵装置に流出入する電流を検出する検出器からの電流に基づいて電流積算値を演算し第1の充電状態推定値として出力する第1の演算部と、
前記電力貯蔵装置の充放電停止後に、前記電力変換部と前記電力貯蔵装置との接続箇所で検出された電圧と、前記電圧の前回値と、前記電力貯蔵装置の充放電停止後の時間の経過とともに低下するゲインと、に基づいて開回路電圧を推定し第2の充電状態推定値として出力する第2の演算部と、
前記第1の充電状態推定値と前記第2の充電状態推定値との何れかを選択する選択部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする充電状態推定装置。 - セル電池を複数接続した電力貯蔵装置に接続され、前記電力貯蔵装置の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定装置であって、
充電状態推定値の前回値を初期値として、電力変換部からの前記電力貯蔵装置に流出入する電流を検出する検出器からの電流に基づいて電流積算値を演算し第1の充電状態推定値として出力する第1の演算部と、
前記電力貯蔵装置の充放電停止後に、前記電力変換部と前記電力貯蔵装置との接続箇所で検出された電圧と、前記電圧の前回値と、前記電力貯蔵装置の充放電停止後の時間の経過とともに低下するゲインと、に基づいて開回路電圧を推定し第2の充電状態推定値として出力する第2の演算部と、
充電状態推定値の前回値と前記第2の演算部からの第2の充電状態推定値とに基づいて、前記第2の演算部の演算周期における第2の充電状態推定値の変化量を所定値以下に制限する変化量制限部と、
前記第1の充電状態推定値と前記変化量制限部からの出力との何れかを選択する選択部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする充電状態推定装置。 - 前記第2の演算部は、
前記電圧平均値と前記電圧平均値の前回値との差分に前記ゲインを乗じた値に、前記電圧平均値の前回値を加算して、開回路電圧を推定することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の充電状態推定装置。 - 前記第2の演算部は、
前記電力変換部と前記電力貯蔵装置との接続箇所で検出された電圧のセル電池電圧平均値を求め、前記セル電池電圧平均値と前記セル電池電圧平均値の前回値との差分に前記ゲインを乗じた値に、前記セル電池電圧平均値の前回値を加算して、セル電池の開回路電圧を推定することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の充電状態推定装置。 - 前記電力貯蔵装置の容量低下に応じて補正された電池容量と、前記電流積算値を第1の充電状態推定値に変換するゲインと、を対応付けて格納するテーブルを備え、
前記第1の演算部は、
前記テーブルを参照し、前記電池容量に対応する第1の充電状態推定値を演算することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の充電状態推定装置。 - 前記電力貯蔵装置の充放電停止後の時間の経過とともに低下し、かつ、電池温度に依存して変化するゲインを算出するゲイン算出部を備え、
第2の演算部は、
前記電圧平均値と、前記電圧平均値の前回値と、前記ゲイン算出部からのゲインと、に基づいて開回路電圧を演算することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の充電状態推定装置。
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- 2010-03-26 JP JP2010549366A patent/JP4818468B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2010-03-26 KR KR1020127024518A patent/KR101315654B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-03-26 US US13/580,625 patent/US9013151B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-26 WO PCT/JP2010/055457 patent/WO2011118039A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-03-26 AU AU2010349140A patent/AU2010349140B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-03-26 BR BR112012023275A patent/BR112012023275A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-03-26 CN CN201080065769.1A patent/CN102822690B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (10)
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JP2013083496A (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-05-09 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | 充電率推定装置およびその方法 |
CN104620462A (zh) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-05-13 | 波音公司 | 用于电池管理的虚拟单元方法 |
US9991723B2 (en) | 2012-09-17 | 2018-06-05 | The Boeing Company | Virtual cell method for battery management |
CN104620462B (zh) * | 2012-09-17 | 2019-10-08 | 波音公司 | 用于电池管理的虚拟单元方法 |
WO2017221899A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-28 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 蓄電装置及び蓄電装置の制御方法 |
JPWO2017221899A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-11-29 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 蓄電装置及び蓄電装置の制御方法 |
US10436850B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2019-10-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Power storage apparatus and controlling method for the same |
JP2022534831A (ja) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-08-04 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー充電状態推定方法およびこれを適用したバッテリー管理システム |
JP7244189B2 (ja) | 2019-10-31 | 2023-03-22 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー充電状態推定方法およびこれを適用したバッテリー管理システム |
US12085619B2 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2024-09-10 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Method for estimating battery state of charge and battery management system applying the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20120135259A (ko) | 2012-12-12 |
EP2551686A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
JP4818468B1 (ja) | 2011-11-16 |
JPWO2011118039A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
BR112012023275A2 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
AU2010349140B2 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
KR101315654B1 (ko) | 2013-10-08 |
EP2551686A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
EP2551686B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
US20120326726A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
CN102822690A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
CN102822690B (zh) | 2015-07-22 |
AU2010349140A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
US9013151B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
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