WO2011114980A1 - 組電池 - Google Patents
組電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011114980A1 WO2011114980A1 PCT/JP2011/055612 JP2011055612W WO2011114980A1 WO 2011114980 A1 WO2011114980 A1 WO 2011114980A1 JP 2011055612 W JP2011055612 W JP 2011055612W WO 2011114980 A1 WO2011114980 A1 WO 2011114980A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- arm
- unit
- battery
- air supply
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
- H01M10/652—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations characterised by gradients
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assembled battery including a cooling mechanism and configured by electrically connecting a plurality of arms each composed of a plurality of unit cells connected in series.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problem, and has a simple cooling structure and can perform accurate temperature management for each single cell to suppress a decrease in the life of the single arm.
- An assembled battery including the above is provided. Furthermore, the present invention provides an assembled battery that can be cooled so that the deterioration rate between the arms becomes more uniform in an assembled battery composed of a plurality of arms, and not only between each arm but also to one arm. It is an object of the present invention to provide an assembled battery that can be cooled so that the deterioration rate among the contained single cells is more uniform.
- the assembled battery of the present invention is a battery assembly configured by including an arm to which a plurality of unit cells are electrically connected, and cools the arm and a temperature detection unit provided in each of the unit cells.
- a cooling unit, and a control unit that extracts the maximum temperature from the temperature of the unit cell measured by the temperature detection unit and controls the cooling unit so that the maximum temperature falls within a predetermined allowable temperature range; Is provided.
- the temperature of each single cell is directly measured by the temperature detection unit, and the cooling unit is controlled by the control unit so that the maximum temperature is within a predetermined allowable temperature range (described later) among the measured temperatures. Cool the arm.
- the upper limit value of the temperature of the unit cell constituting the arm with a simple cooling structure is within the allowable temperature range without separately providing a fan as a cooling unit for each unit cell. The deterioration rate of the battery is suppressed, so that the life of the arm alone can be suppressed.
- the assembled battery of the present invention it is possible to extend the life of the assembled battery by reducing the variation in the deterioration speed of the single cells in the arm and making the deterioration speed uniform with a simple cooling structure. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 1 is a connection example of a battery pack according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the assembled battery 1 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the correlation between the deterioration rate of general batteries and the temperature.
- an example of an assembled battery having a plurality of battery units 2 will be described, but the assembled battery referred to in the present invention includes those having one or more battery units 2.
- the assembled battery 1 of the present embodiment is configured by two battery units 2.
- Each battery unit 2 includes a plurality of arms 4 configured by electrically connecting the cells 5 in series with a bus bar 6, and a plurality of battery containers 3 provided corresponding to each arm 4 and housing the arms 4.
- a plurality of cooling units 10 provided in each battery container 3.
- the assembled battery 1 is electrically connected to a load 30 such as an electric motor mounted on an electric vehicle, for example.
- the cooling unit 10 includes a fan 11 that exhausts air from the inside of the battery container 3 to the outside, and an air supply / exhaust port 12 that supplies and exhausts air between the inside and the outside of the battery container 3. Of these, the fan 11 is electrically connected to the control unit 16.
- the arms 4 of each battery unit 2 are electrically connected in parallel as shown in FIG. 1 by connecting the bus bar 6a and the bus bar 6b having the same polarity, and the bus bar 6c and the bus bar 6d, respectively.
- each cell 5 constituting the arm 4 is provided with a temperature sensor 7 as a temperature detection unit for measuring the temperature.
- Each temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control unit 16, and the control unit 16 receives temperature information of the unit cell 5 from each temperature sensor 7.
- the control unit 16 receives the temperature information of each unit cell 5 from the temperature sensor 7 in the battery unit 2, and the battery unit 2.
- the maximum temperature is extracted from the measured temperatures of all the single cells 5 constituting the arm 4 arranged inside.
- the control part 16 controls the fan 11 installed in the battery container 3 so that the temperature of the cell 5 which shows the highest temperature in the extracted arm 4 may enter into the predetermined allowable temperature range (described later).
- Send a signal The fan 11 that has received this control signal rotates at a rotational speed corresponding to the information on the rotational speed included in the control signal to cool the arm 4 in the battery case 3.
- the deterioration rate of the unit cell 5 can be suppressed and the battery unit that houses the arm 4 can be suppressed. It is possible to suppress deterioration as a simple substance.
- an example in which one air supply / exhaust port 12 is formed has been described.
- a plurality of air supply / exhaust ports may be provided, and an opening / closing mechanism 15 and a drive mechanism 14 to be described later with respect to the air supply / exhaust port. May be connected to control the air volume of the cooling air.
- the fan 11 is provided in the center of the side surface of the battery container 3 in each battery unit 2, the shape of the battery container 3, the arrangement of the arms 4 and the single cells 5 in the battery container 3, and supply / exhaust
- the arrangement of the mouths 12 is such that the battery units 2 are symmetrical with each other in a plane (described later) with respect to the arm 4.
- the arrangement of the battery units 2 is not limited to a plane-symmetric arrangement unless the suppression of variation in deterioration rate between the battery units 2 is taken into consideration.
- the number of the fans 11 and the air supply / exhaust ports 12 is not limited to one and may be plural.
- the fan 11 and the air supply / exhaust port 12 are arranged at the center of the side surface of the battery container 3 in the height direction (Z direction).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the installation positions of the fan 11 and the air supply / exhaust port 12 in the height direction may be appropriately changed according to the heat generation part in the arm 4.
- the installation positions of the fan 11 and the air supply / exhaust port 12 are set to the same height as the electrode terminals in the unit cell 5 in the height direction. According to this, the cooling air can be efficiently sent to the vicinity of the electrode terminal having the largest amount of heat generation in the unit cell 5, and the cooling effect on the arm 4 can be further enhanced.
- “Symmetrically in plane” means that the above-described members between the battery units 2 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the arm 4 in this embodiment.
- the battery unit 2 having the same structure is used, and one battery unit 2 is rotated by a predetermined angle (any angle from 0 degrees to 359 degrees) with respect to the arm 4, and the X axis, Y axis, or Z axis The other battery unit 2 is arranged at a position where it is moved in the axial direction.
- the two battery units 2 are further arranged so that the fans 11 face each other, and the battery units 2 are symmetrical with respect to the installation position of the fans 11. Thereby, the cooling air discharged from one battery unit 2 is suppressed from flowing into the other battery unit 2, and the cooling effect in each battery unit 2 can be prevented from being obstructed by the other battery unit 2.
- the unit cells 5 constituting the arm 4 are arranged in the battery container 3 side by side so as to be parallel to each other with a gap at equal intervals, and a gap is also provided to the inner wall of the battery container 3. ing. For this reason, these gaps serve as cooling air flow paths 18 for uniformly cooling the individual cells 5.
- a flow path 18a formed in the air supply direction in the vicinity of the air supply / exhaust port 12 and a flow path 18b along the inner wall of the battery container 3 on the air supply / exhaust port 12 side are formed.
- the flow path 18a becomes the flow path 18c formed in the clearance gap between the single cells 5 as it is, and the flow path 18b also branches to each flow path 18c formed between the single cells 5.
- each flow path 18c merges with the flow path 18d formed along the inner wall of the battery container 3 on the fan 11 side, and the flow path 18d is connected to the fan 11 that performs exhaust.
- a cooling air flow path 18 for cooling each unit cell 5 substantially uniformly is formed around each unit cell 5.
- the fan 11 exhausts the inside of the battery container 3, but supplies air to the inside of the battery container 3 to form a flow path opposite to the flow path 18 toward the air supply / exhaust port 12. Then, the air may be exhausted from the air supply / exhaust port 12.
- each unit cell 5 is provided with a temperature sensor 7 as a temperature detection unit for measuring the temperature of each unit cell, and the control unit 16 has the highest temperature for each arm 4 among the measured temperatures of all unit cells 5.
- the temperature is extracted, and a control signal is transmitted to the fan 11 of each battery unit 2 so that the maximum temperatures of the extracted arms 4 are substantially the same.
- the fan 11 which received this control signal rotates with the rotation speed according to the information regarding the rotation speed contained in the control signal.
- the control unit 16 changes the fan 11 corresponding to one arm 4 to the other arm 4. Control to rotate at a higher rotational speed than the fan 11 corresponding to the arm 4 is performed. In this way, cooling is performed by relatively increasing the flow rate of the cooling air flowing through the flow path 18 corresponding to the one arm 4 so that the maximum temperature is substantially the same as that of the other arm 4.
- the substantially same temperature is not limited to one specific temperature such as the same temperature, but is within a predetermined allowable temperature range (for example, 40 ° C.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the battery temperature and the deterioration rate.
- the vertical axis representing the deterioration rate is a logarithmic scale.
- FIG. 3 shows that the deterioration rate of the battery increases exponentially as the temperature increases.
- the control unit 16 controls cooling of the cooling unit 10 so that the highest temperature of the arm 4 with the lowest extracted highest temperature and the highest temperature of the other arms 4 are the same among the many arms 4. That's fine.
- the cooling control is not limited to the control of matching the lowest temperature among the highest temperatures for each arm 4 as in the above control, but the rotation of the fan 11 of each battery unit 2 to a predetermined temperature set separately. The number may be controlled. For example, within a predetermined temperature equal to or lower than the temperature corresponding to the allowable deterioration rate (for example, in FIG. 3, when the allowable deterioration rate is set to 0.1, approximately 40 ° C.
- the maximum temperature of each arm can be controlled to be the same within the allowable deterioration rate. For example, when used in a cold district, the lowest temperature among the extracted maximum temperatures of each arm may be less than the recommended use temperature of the battery pack 1. Therefore, for example, the predetermined temperature may be determined in consideration of the outside air temperature in the area to be used and the recommended use temperature of the assembled battery 1.
- the shape of the battery container 3, the arrangement of the arms 4 and the single cells 5 in the battery container 3, and the arrangement of the air supply / exhaust ports 11 are all symmetrical in plane with respect to the arm 4.
- a plurality of battery units 2 are prepared as the same, and each member (single cell, bus bar, etc.) constituting the battery unit 2 is arranged symmetrically on a plane with respect to the arm 4 as a reference.
- the flow and amount of cooling air flowing through the battery unit 2 can be matched between the battery units 2.
- the cooling environment of the arm 4 can be matched between the battery units 2, the variation of the deterioration rate among the arms 4 in the assembled battery 1 can be reliably reduced, and the deterioration rate can be made uniform. .
- an example of the assembled battery 1 is shown in which the arms 4 configured by electrically connecting a plurality of single cells 5 in series are electrically connected in parallel, but the number of single cells and arms is shown in the figure.
- the connecting method between the arms is not limited to 1, and may be a series or a combination of parallel and series.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of cells may be different for each arm 4.
- the number of the single cells 5 constituting the left battery unit 2 in FIG. 2 is four
- the number of the single cells 5 constituting the right battery unit 2 may be three or five.
- the battery units 2 are not arranged symmetrically in a plane, but at least an effect of reducing variation in deterioration speed between the arms 4 arranged in each battery unit is exhibited.
- FIG. 4 is a connection example of an assembled battery according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the assembled battery 1 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the assembled battery 1 of the present embodiment is configured by a single battery unit 2.
- the battery unit 2 includes two arms 4 configured by electrically connecting a plurality of unit cells 5 in series by bus bars 6, a battery container 3 that houses these arms 4, and a cooling provided in the battery container 3. Part 10.
- the arms 4 are electrically connected in series by connecting the bus bar 6b and the bus bar 6c having different polarities to each other.
- the cooling unit 10 includes a fan 11 that exhausts air from the inside of the battery container 3 to the outside, an air supply / exhaust port 12 for supplying and exhausting air between the inside and the outside of the battery container 3, An auxiliary air supply / exhaust port 13 is provided at a position close to each arm 4.
- the auxiliary air supply / exhaust port 13 has an opening / closing mechanism 15 that can adjust the supply / exhaust amount (flow rate of cooling air), and the opening degree adjustment of the opening / closing mechanism 15 is controlled. Performed by the unit 16 and the drive unit 14.
- only one fan 11 is provided at the center of the side surface of the battery container 3, and one air supply / exhaust port 12 is provided on the side surface opposite to the side surface of the battery container 3 on which the fan 11 is provided. Only provided.
- the shape of the battery container 3, the arrangement of the two arms 4 and the unit cells 5 in the battery container 3, and the arrangement of the two auxiliary air supply / exhaust ports 13 are both lines connecting the fan 11 and the air supply / exhaust port 12 (hereinafter, It is symmetrical in plan with respect to the first reference center line).
- the two arms 4 and the two auxiliary air supply / exhaust ports 13 respectively corresponding to the arms 4 are arranged at positions folded around the first reference center line.
- the air supply / exhaust port 12 is a battery container provided with the fan 11.
- One side (a total of two) may be provided corresponding to each arm 4 on the side surface opposite to the three side surfaces.
- the shape of the battery container 3, the arrangement of the two arms 4 and the unit cells 5 in the battery container 3, and the arrangement of the two auxiliary air supply / exhaust ports 13 and the two air supply / exhaust ports 12 are two
- the plane is symmetrical about a line connecting the exhaust port 12 and a line connecting the fan 11 and the fan 11 (hereinafter referred to as a second reference center line).
- the two arms 4 and the two auxiliary air supply / exhaust ports 13 and the two air supply / exhaust ports 12 respectively corresponding to the arms 4 are arranged at positions folded around the second reference center line.
- planar symmetry as used in the present invention is a concept including an arrangement example in the battery unit 2 as described above in addition to the arrangement example between the battery units 2 described in the first embodiment. It is.
- the cells 5 constituting each arm 4 are arranged in a straight line in the battery container 3 with gaps at equal intervals, and the gaps are also provided on the inner wall of the battery container 3. It becomes the flow path 19, 20, 21 of the cooling air which cools the cell 5 equally.
- the flow path 21a formed in the air supply direction near the air supply / exhaust port 12, the flow path 21b along the inner wall of the battery container 3 on the air supply / exhaust port 12 side, and the vicinity of the two auxiliary air supply / exhaust ports 13 The flow paths 19a and 20a formed in the air supply direction and the flow paths 19b and 20b along the inner wall of the battery container 3 on the auxiliary supply / exhaust port 13 side are formed. And the flow paths 19a, 20a, 21a become the flow paths 19c, 20c, 21c formed in the gaps between the single cells 5 as they are, and the flow paths 19b, 20b, 21b are also formed between the single cells 5, respectively. It branches into the flow paths 19c, 20c, and 21c.
- the flow paths 19c, 20c, and 21c merge with the flow paths 19d, 20d, and 21d formed along the inner wall of the battery case 3 on the fan 11 side, and the flow paths 19d, 20d, and 21d are exhausted from the fan 11. It leads to.
- cooling air flow paths 19, 20, 21 for cooling each unit cell 5 uniformly are formed around each unit cell 5.
- the fan 11 exhausts the inside of the battery container 3, but as described in the first embodiment, the air may be supplied to the inside of the battery container 3.
- each cell 5 is provided with a temperature sensor 7 for measuring the temperature
- the control unit 16 has the highest temperature for every arm 4 among the measured temperatures of all the cells 5.
- the temperature is extracted, and a control signal is transmitted to the fan 11 of each battery unit 2 and the drive unit 14 of each auxiliary air supply / exhaust port 13 so that the maximum temperatures of the extracted arms 4 are substantially the same.
- the fan 11 which received this control signal rotates with the rotation speed according to the information regarding the rotation speed contained in the control signal.
- the drive unit 14 that has received this control signal adjusts the opening degree of the opening / closing mechanism 15 of the auxiliary air supply / exhaust port 13 according to the information about the opening degree included in the control signal.
- the opening degree of the opening / closing mechanism 15 of the auxiliary air supply / exhaust port 13 provided at a position close to the arm 4a is relative to the opening degree of the opening / closing mechanism 15 of the auxiliary air supply / exhaust port 13 provided at a position close to the arm 4b.
- Each drive unit 14 is controlled to be larger.
- the flow rate of the cooling air flowing through the flow path 19 corresponding to the arm 4a is made larger than the flow rate of the cooling air flowing through the flow path 20 corresponding to the arm 4b, thereby enabling effective cooling.
- the flow rate of the cooling air flowing through the flow path 19 corresponding to the arm 4a is further increased to cool the arm 4a more effectively. It becomes possible.
- the temperature of the unit cell 5 showing the highest temperature among the plurality of unit cells 5 constituting the arm 4a and the temperature of the unit cell 5 showing the highest temperature among the plurality of unit cells 5 constituting the arm 4b are set to a predetermined tolerance. It can cool so that it may become substantially the same temperature within a temperature range. For this reason, the dispersion
- the opening / closing mechanism 15 is provided corresponding to the auxiliary air supply / exhaust port 13.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the opening / closing mechanism 15 may be provided at the air supply / exhaust port 12.
- the cooling air is preferentially supplied from the auxiliary air supply / exhaust port 13 by closing the air supply / exhaust port 12. It can be caused to flow into the battery container 3. Accordingly, the maximum temperature of the arm 4a and the maximum temperature of the arm 4b can be quickly made to be substantially the same temperature, and as a result, variation in the deterioration speed between the arms 4a and 4b is quickly reduced. be able to.
- one arm 4 is arranged in a battery container 3 having an air supply / exhaust port so that the single cell 5 having the highest temperature among the single cells 5 constituting the arm 4 falls within a predetermined allowable temperature range.
- the arm 4 may be cooled by controlling the fan 11, the opening / closing mechanism 15 and the like by the control unit 16.
- the arm 4 and the unit cell 5 in the battery container 3 are arranged so as to be symmetrical in a plane. For this reason, it is possible to create cooling air flow paths 19, 20, 21 that flow symmetrically with respect to the installation position of the fan 11 in the battery container 3, and to adjust the cooling environment of the two arms 4. Cool evenly. As a result, with a simple cooling structure, it is possible to more reliably reduce the variation in the deterioration rate between the arms 4 in the battery container 3 and to make the deterioration rate uniform.
- the cell The number of arms and battery units 2 is not limited to that shown in FIGS.
- the connection method between the arms 4 may be in series or a combination of parallel and series, or a plurality of arms 4 constituted by electrically connecting a plurality of single cells 5 in parallel may be electrically connected in series or in parallel with each other. Also good. Further, the number of single cells 5 constituting one battery unit 2 may be different from the number of single cells 5 constituting the other battery unit 2.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification according to the first embodiment described above.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
- the difference between this modification and the first embodiment is the position and number of the air supply / exhaust ports.
- one air supply / exhaust port 12 is provided for each battery unit 2 in the first embodiment, but this modification is characterized in that the air supply / exhaust ports 17 are provided as many as the number of flow paths 18c. . More specifically, five flow paths 18c are formed as shown in FIG. 6, and five air supply / exhaust ports 17 are provided in the battery container 3 so as to correspond to the flow paths 18c.
- the number of the air supply / exhaust ports 17 and the flow paths 18c is not limited to five, and is changed according to the number of unit cells 5 and the like.
- “the air supply / exhaust port is provided corresponding to the flow path” means that one air supply / exhaust port is formed for a plurality of flow paths, or as described above. This includes the case where the number of the air supply / exhaust ports is formed on a one-to-one basis, or the case where two or more air supply / exhaust ports are formed for a plurality of flow paths.
- the cooling air can be supplied from the outside of the battery unit 2 to the flow path 18 c via the air supply / exhaust port 17 for each flow path 18 c, and each of the arms 4 is configured. It becomes possible to supply cooling air to the single cells 5 more uniformly.
- the opening / closing mechanism 15 and the drive mechanism 14 shown in the second embodiment are disposed in the air supply / exhaust port 17 (auxiliary air supply / exhaust port) as necessary, and these are controlled by the control unit 16 to supply / exhaust port 17.
- the flow rate of the cooling air may be adjustable every time.
- the opening degree of the opening / closing mechanism 15 can be increased in descending order of the temperature detected by the temperature sensors 7 provided in the plurality of single cells 5 constituting the arm 4. That is, the opening degree of the opening / closing mechanism 15 provided in the air supply / exhaust port 17 corresponding to the flow path 18c of the unit cell 5 having a relatively high temperature detected by the temperature sensor 7 is relatively large and relatively low.
- the opening degree of the opening / closing mechanism corresponding to the channel 18c of the unit cell in which the temperature is detected is relatively small.
- a fan 11 that detects the highest temperature cell in each arm 4 and sets the highest temperature detected in each arm to substantially the same temperature. While controlling, you may adjust the opening degree by the opening-and-closing mechanism 15 according to the temperature of each cell 5 detected by the temperature sensor 7.
- the control unit 16 performs control to vary the opening degrees related to opening / closing of the plurality of air supply / exhaust ports 17 in accordance with the temperature of the unit cell 5 detected by the temperature sensor 7. According to this, cooling can be performed so that the deterioration rate not only between the arms 4 but also between the single cells 5 can be made more uniform, and variation in deterioration rates between the arms 4 and between the single cells 5 can be suppressed. It becomes possible.
- the assembled battery of the present invention it is possible to extend the life of the assembled battery by reducing the variation in the deterioration speed of the single cells in the arm and making the deterioration speed uniform with a simple cooling structure. It becomes possible.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年3月15日に日本出願された特願2010-057921に基づいて優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
従って、あるアームを構成する一部の単電池が他の単電池よりも温度が高くても、電池容器内に設置される温度計測ポイントまでの熱の伝播が遅い場合や、正常な単電池の割合が十分大きい場合には、高温となった単電池の温度がこのアームの温度として十分に反映されない可能性がある。
このため、アームを構成する単電池間で温度のばらつきが生じていても、アーム全体として検出される温度が所定の閾値以下となっておれば正常と判断されてしまい、アームの冷却制御に反映されることはない。そして、高温となった単電池の劣化が進めば、その分他の単電池の負担が増えるため、この高温となった単電池を有するアーム自体の寿命低下に繋がることになる。
さらに特許文献1のように複数のアームから構成される組電池を考えた場合、アーム毎に検出される温度の差が所定の閾値以下となっていれば正常と判断されてしまい、アームの冷却制御に反映されることはない。この場合にはアーム単体での寿命低下に加えて、組電池を構成する各アーム間で寿命がばらつく、すなわち、各アーム毎の劣化速度にばらつきが生じ、結果的にこれら各アームからなる組電池の寿命を縮める恐れもある。
一方、高温となった単電池を個別に冷却してこの単電池を内蔵するアームの寿命低下を防止することも考えられるが、単純にアームを構成する単電池毎に冷却ファンを備えた場合などは組電池が大型化してしまう問題がある。
さらに本発明は、複数のアームから構成される組電池において、各アーム間での劣化速度がより均一となるように冷却することが可能な組電池と、各アーム間だけでなく一つのアームに含まれる各単電池間での劣化速度もより均一となるように冷却することが可能な組電池を提供するものである。
つまり、本発明の組電池は、複数の単電池が電気的に接続されたアームを備えて構成された組電池において、前記単電池の各々に設けられた温度検出部と、前記アームを冷却する冷却部と、前記温度検出部により測定された前記単電池の温度の中から最高温度を抽出して、前記最高温度が所定の許容温度範囲となるように前記冷却部を制御する制御部と、を備える。
(第一の実施形態)
図1は、本発明の第一の実施形態に係る組電池の接続例である。また、図2は、図1で示した組電池1の構成図である。さらに図3は一般的な電池の劣化率と温度との相関を示す図である。なお本実施形態では、複数の電池ユニット2を有する組電池の例について説明するが、本発明でいう組電池とは1つ以上の電池ユニット2を有するものが含まれる。
冷却部10は、本実施形態では、電池容器3の内部から外部へ排気するファン11と、電池容器3の内部と外部との間で空気を給排気するための給排気口12とを有し、このうちファン11は制御部16と電気的に接続されている。また、各電池ユニット2のアーム4同士は、同極となるバスバー6aとバスバー6b、バスバー6cとバスバー6dがそれぞれ接続されることで、図1に示すように並列に電気接続されている。
これによれば、アーム4内で最も高温となった単電池5の温度が的確に検出されてファン11により冷却されるので、単電池5の劣化速度を抑制できるとともにアーム4を収納する電池ユニット2単体としての劣化も抑制することができる。
なお本実施形態では1つの給排気口12が形成された例について説明したが、複数の給排気口を設けてもよく、さらにはこの給排気口に対して後述する開閉機構15および駆動機構14を接続して冷却風の風量を制御してもよい。
図4は、本発明の第二の実施形態に係る組電池の接続例である。また、図5は、図4で示した組電池1の構成図である。図4及び図5に示すように、本実施形態の組電池1は、一つの電池ユニット2によって構成されている。電池ユニット2は、複数の単電池5を各々バスバー6により電気的に直列接続して構成された二つのアーム4と、これらアーム4を収納する電池容器3と、電池容器3に設けられた冷却部10とを有する。
本実施形態では、ファン11と給排気口12は各々1つだけ設けられているが、ファン11は上記位置に1つだけ設けられ、一方、給排気口12はファン11の設けられた電池容器3の側面とは反対側の側面に各アーム4に対応してそれぞれ1つ(合計2つ)設けられる場合もありうる。この場合には、電池容器3の形状、2つのアーム4及び単電池5の電池容器3内での配置、さらに2つの補助給排気口13および2つの給排気口12の配置は、2つの給排気口12を結ぶ線の中点とファン11とを結ぶ線(以下、第2の基準中心線という)を中心に平面的に対称となっている。すなわち、第2の基準中心線を中心にして折り返した位置に2つのアーム4及び各アーム4にそれぞれ対応する2つの補助給排気口13および2つの給排気口12が配置される。
そして、各アーム4を構成する単電池5は各々が等間隔に隙間を空けて直線状に電池容器3内に配列され、電池容器3の内壁とも隙間が設けられているため、これら隙間が各単電池5を均等に冷却する冷却風の流路19、20、21となる。
なお、本実施形態においては、開閉機構15は補助給排気口13に対応して設けられているが、これに限られず例えば給排気口12にも開閉機構15を設けてもよい。例えばアーム4aとアーム4bの中で最も温度の高い単電池5がそれぞれ補助給排気口13に近い位置にある場合、給排気口12を閉じることにより優先的に補助給排気口13から冷却風を電池容器3内に流入させることができる。従って、アーム4aの最高温度とアーム4bの最高温度とをより迅速に略同一の温度となるようにすることができ、その結果として各アーム4a、4b間での劣化速度のばらつきをいち早く低減することができる。
なお、本発明の技術範囲は上述の各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、各実施形態を適宜組み合わせてもよい。すなわち本発明の主旨を逸脱しない範囲内で多様な変形が可能である。以下に、本実施形態の変形例を示す。図6は、上述した第一の実施形態に係る変形例を示す図である。なお図6のうち、第一の実施形態と同じ構成は同じ番号を付すとともに、その説明を適宜省略する。本変形例と第一の実施形態との違いは、給排気口の位置と数にある。
このように、本発明でいう「流路に対応して給排気口が設けられる」とは、複数の流路に対して1つの給排気口が形成される場合や、上述したように流路の数だけ給排気口が一対一に形成される場合、あるいは複数の流路に対して2つ以上の給排気口が形成される場合を含むものである。
これによれば、アーム4間だけでなく、単電池5間での劣化速度もより均一となるように冷却することができ、アーム4間および単電池5間での劣化速度のばらつきを抑制することが可能となる。
2 電池ユニット
3 電池容器
4 アーム
5 単電池
6(6a、6b、6c、6d) バスバー
7 温度センサー
10 冷却部
11 ファン
12 給排気口
13 補助給排気口
14 駆動部
15 開閉機構
16 制御部
17 給排気口
18(18a、18b、18c、18d)、19(19a、19b、19c、19d)、20(20a、20b、20c、20d)、21(21a、21b、21c、21d) 流路
30 負荷
Claims (4)
- 複数の単電池が電気的に接続されたアームを備えて構成された組電池において、
前記単電池の各々に設けられた温度検出部と、
前記アームを冷却する冷却部と、
前記温度検出部により測定された前記単電池の温度の中から最高温度を抽出して、前記最高温度が所定の許容温度範囲となるように前記冷却部を制御する制御部と、を備える組電池。 - 複数の前記アームが、互いに直列または並列となるよう電気的に接続して構成され、
前記制御部は、前記温度検出部により測定された前記単電池の温度の中から前記アーム毎に最高温度を抽出して、前記最高温度の各々が略同一の温度となるように前記冷却部を制御する請求項1に記載の組電池。 - 前記冷却部は、前記複数のアームが収容される電池容器に設けられたファン及び複数の給排気口により構成され、
前記給排気口の少なくとも二つは開閉機構を有する補助給排気口であり、
前記制御部は、前記アーム毎の前記最高温度に応じて、前記二つの開閉機構による開度をそれぞれ異ならせる制御を行う請求項2に記載の組電池。 - 前記電池容器と前記アームとの間、および前記複数の単電池の間にそれぞれ流路が形成されるとともに、前記複数の給排気口はそれぞれの前記流路に対応して前記電池容器に設けられ、
前記電池容器の形状、前記アームの配置、前記単電池の配置、及び前記給排気口の配置は、平面的に対称となっている請求項3に記載の組電池。
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US20130228387A1 (en) * | 2012-01-24 | 2013-09-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Drive Battery Arrangement and Motor Vehicle Having a Drive Battery Arrangement |
FR3020417A1 (fr) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-30 | Inergy Automotive Systems Res | Accumulateur de pression |
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JP7137767B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-09-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 組電池送風システムおよび車両 |
US20230006282A1 (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2023-01-05 | Tdk Corporation | Power management device and power storage system |
KR20220160422A (ko) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-12-06 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 팩, 및 그것을 포함하는 자동차 |
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