WO2011108274A1 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの運転方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011108274A1 WO2011108274A1 PCT/JP2011/001255 JP2011001255W WO2011108274A1 WO 2011108274 A1 WO2011108274 A1 WO 2011108274A1 JP 2011001255 W JP2011001255 W JP 2011001255W WO 2011108274 A1 WO2011108274 A1 WO 2011108274A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04044—Purification of heat exchange media
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system having a fuel cell and a method for operating the fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system is a system that generates electric power and heat through an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas (hydrogen-containing gas) and an oxidant gas (for example, air) supplied to the fuel cell.
- a fuel gas hydrogen-containing gas
- an oxidant gas for example, air
- the generated electric power is supplied to some electric power loads (for example, electrical appliances such as lighting and air conditioners) used at home.
- heat generated by power generation is recovered by cooling water supplied to the inside of the fuel cell.
- the recovered heat is recovered as hot water through a heat exchanger, for example, and supplied to a heat load in the home (for example, a heat utilization device such as a hot water supply device or floor heating).
- the fuel cell system is usually provided with a reformer for generating a hydrogen-containing gas.
- a hydrogen-containing gas is generated by subjecting a raw material gas (for example, city gas (natural gas) or the like) and water to a steam reforming reaction in a reforming catalyst.
- Such a fuel cell system often employs a method of using water collected inside the system as a water supply source of water or cooling water supplied to the reformer, that is, supplying water independently.
- Examples of a method for recovering water inside the fuel cell system include a method for condensing and recovering water by cooling water vapor contained in the fuel gas and oxidant gas discharged from the fuel cell.
- recovered water water recovered in the fuel cell system (hereinafter referred to as recovered water) does not contain sterilizing components such as chlorine components.
- recovered water since the recovered water passes through various components and pipes in the fuel cell system when recovered, it contains a small amount of impurities such as organic components (TOC; Total Organic Carbon), and microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. It is in a state suitable for the growth of.
- TOC Total Organic Carbon
- a fuel cell cogeneration system (for example, refer to Patent Document 1) that makes the water temperature temporarily higher than a predetermined temperature (for example, 70 ° C.) necessary for heat sterilization is known.
- a recovered water tank for storing recovered water recovered from the exhaust gas of the fuel cell, a first purification unit for purifying the recovered water, and a second heat resistance temperature higher than the heat resistance temperature of the first purification unit.
- a fuel cell power generation system that prevents water from passing through the first purification unit when the temperature of the recovered water in the recovered water tank is higher than the heat-resistant temperature of the first purification unit. Is known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above still have room for improvement from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient durability (for example, 10-year durability) required in the installation area. was there.
- the fuel cell cogeneration system disclosed in Patent Document 1 does not take into account the thermal degradation of the ion exchange resin, the ion exchange resin is thermally degraded when the water temperature is set to a predetermined temperature or higher. There was a fear. Further, in the fuel cell power generation system disclosed in Patent Document 2, an anion exchange resin with low heat resistance is used for the first purification unit, and a cation exchange resin with high heat resistance is used for the second purification unit. However, the use of two types of ion exchange resins has led to an increase in system cost. Further, when the temperature of the water in the recovered water tank is high, water is not supplied to the first purification unit, so that anion exchange is not performed, and there is a possibility that the water is not sufficiently purified.
- the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and by using a simple configuration, the cost can be reduced, water can be purified more reliably, and the life of the water purification device can be extended. It aims at providing the operating method of a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system which can suppress the maintenance frequency of a water purification apparatus rather than the conventional fuel cell system by aiming.
- a fuel cell system is a fuel cell system having a fuel cell, and a heat medium circulation path through which a heat medium for recovering exhaust heat of the fuel cell circulates;
- a heat medium tank that is provided in the heat medium circulation path and stores the heat medium, a first circulator that is provided in the heat medium circulation path and circulates the heat medium, and is recovered from exhaust gas generated in the fuel cell system.
- the second circulator is operated so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector is equal to or higher than the first temperature.
- the temperature detector detects a temperature higher than the first temperature and higher than the second temperature which is lower than the temperature at which the water purifier is thermally deteriorated
- the temperature detector detects the second circulation Is configured to inhibit the operation of the vessel.
- the maintenance frequency of the water purification device can be suppressed as compared with the conventional fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system operation method is a fuel cell system operation method including a fuel cell, and the fuel cell system circulates a heat medium for recovering exhaust heat of the fuel cell.
- a heat medium circulation path, a heat medium tank provided in the heat medium circulation path and storing the heat medium, a first circulator provided in the heat medium circulation path and circulating the heat medium, and the fuel cell system A recovered water tank for storing water recovered from the exhaust gas generated in the step, a water circulation path connected to the recovered water tank for circulating the water, a second circulator provided in the water circulation path for circulating the water,
- a water purification device that is provided in the water circulation path and purifies the water, the recovered water tank, the water purification device, and any of the water circulation paths between the recovered water tank and the water purification device
- a temperature detector that detects the temperature of the water, and the heat medium circulation path and the water circulation path are configured such that the heat medium and the water can exchange heat.
- the second circulator When the temperature detector detects a temperature lower than the first temperature at which bacteria can be sterilized, the second circulator is operated so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector is equal to or higher than the first temperature. And when the temperature detector detects a temperature higher than the first temperature and a temperature equal to or higher than a second temperature that is lower than a temperature at which the water purification device is thermally deteriorated, the operation of the second circulator Is prohibited.
- the maintenance frequency of the water purification device can be suppressed as compared with the conventional fuel cell system.
- the maintenance frequency of the water purification device can be suppressed as compared with the conventional fuel cell system by extending the life of the water purification device.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system of the second modification.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically showing an example of a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 is a fuel cell system having a fuel cell, and is provided in a heat medium circulation path through which a heat medium for recovering exhaust heat of the fuel cell circulates, and a heat medium circulation path.
- a heat medium tank for storing the heat medium, a first circulator provided in the heat medium circulation path for circulating the heat medium, a recovered water tank for storing water recovered from the exhaust gas generated in the fuel cell system, and a water collection tank A water circulation path through which water circulates, a second circulator provided in the water circulation path for circulating water, a water purification device provided in the water circulation path for purifying water, a recovered water tank, and a water purification device
- a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the water provided in any one of the water circulation paths between the recovered water tank and the water purification device, and a controller, and the heat medium circulation path and the water circulation path are: Heat exchange between heat medium and water It is comprised so that it may be possible, and if a temperature detector detects the temperature lower than 1st temperature which can disinfect bacteria, the temperature which a temperature detector detects will become more than 1st temperature.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment configured to prohibit the operation of the second circulator.
- the exhaust gas generated in the fuel cell system includes a fuel gas unused in the fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as off-fuel gas) and an oxidant gas (hereinafter referred to as off-fuel gas), and a hydrogen generator in the fuel cell system.
- off-fuel gas a fuel gas unused in the fuel cell
- off-fuel gas an oxidant gas
- hydrogen generator in the fuel cell system. Is provided, for example, combustion exhaust gas discharged from a combustor for heating the inside of the hydrogen generator.
- prohibiting the operation of the second circulator means that when the second circulator is in operation, the second circulator is stopped and the subsequent activation is prohibited, and the second circulator is stopped. In the case of the inside, even if the activation command for the second circulator is input to the controller, the activation of the second circulator is prohibited.
- the bacterium is a concept including at least one of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, and fungi such as mold.
- the first temperature is appropriately set depending on the type of bacteria that are targets of growth inhibition.
- the second temperature is appropriately set depending on the type of ion exchange resin used in the water purification device.
- the ion exchange capacity in consideration of the maintenance frequency of the water purification device required in the area where the fuel cell system is installed. Is arbitrarily set in advance by experiments or simulations based on the ratio or the like that decreases from the initial value.
- the first temperature may be set to 40 ° C. or higher and lower than 45 ° C.
- the second temperature may be set to 45 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower.
- the maintenance frequency of the water purification device can be suppressed as compared with the conventional fuel cell system.
- the heat medium tank may be connected to a path downstream of the water purification apparatus in the water circulation path.
- the water in the water circulation path is supplied to the heat medium tank, and the water supplied to the heat medium tank and the heat medium can exchange heat in the heat medium tank.
- the controller may be configured to perform a circulating operation while the fuel cell system is stopped.
- the controller starts the stop process of the fuel cell system, and the stop This refers to the period until the process is completed.
- the term “while the fuel cell system is stopped” refers to the period from when the controller outputs a stop command to each device of the fuel cell system until each process is completed until the next fuel cell system is started.
- the stop process is, for example, stopping power generation of a fuel cell, cooling a hydrogen generator when a fuel gas supply unit to be described later is a hydrogen generator, and negative pressure ( In order to prevent the water vapor from condensing), it means that the raw material gas is intermittently supplied to the hydrogen generator.
- the condensed water having a relatively low temperature and the heat medium having a relatively high temperature are mixed, so that the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium tank is lowered.
- the amount of heat absorbed by the heat medium from the fuel cell increases, and the temperature of the fuel cell decreases, so that the power generation performance of the fuel cell may become unstable.
- the temperature reduction of the fuel cell can be suppressed by performing the circulating operation while the fuel cell system is stopped, and the fuel cell system can stably generate power. It can be carried out.
- the heat of the high-temperature heat medium immediately after stopping the power generation of the fuel cell can be used, and energy saving can be achieved.
- the controller is performing the circulating operation while the fuel cell system is stopped, as compared with the case where the fuel cell is generating power and not performing the circulating operation.
- the operation amount of the second circulator may be controlled to be increased.
- the water circulation path includes a first water path for sending the heat medium from the heat medium tank to the recovered water tank, and for sending water from the recovered water tank to the heat medium tank.
- the temperature detector is closer to the second connection port to which the second water path is connected than to the first connection port to which the first water path in the recovered water tank is connected. It may be arranged at a position.
- the controller may be configured to execute the circulation operation every second predetermined time.
- the first predetermined time is appropriately set based on the configuration of the heat medium circulation path, the heat medium tank, the water circulation path, the recovered water tank, and the like. For example, based on the environment in which germs such as a recovered water tank can be generated, specifically based on three factors: temperature (air temperature and water temperature), time during which the temperature is maintained, and amount of impurities such as organic components. Can be determined. These factors are based on experiments, simulations, etc., taking into account the temperature of the region where the fuel cell system is set, the power generation output / power generation / power generation time of the fuel cell system, the specific configuration of the fuel cell system described above, etc. Are arbitrarily set in advance.
- the second predetermined time can be calculated based on the first temperature and the D value and Z value (heating temperature difference required to change the D value to 1/10 or 10 times) of the target bacteria. it can.
- the target bacteria is not limited to one type, and may be a plurality of types of bacteria.
- the second predetermined time may be calculated based on the D value and the Z value of the bacterium having the strictest sterilization conditions, or may be calculated by an average value of the D value and the Z value in these bacteria.
- the first predetermined time may be set to 1 day or more and 7 days or less, and the second predetermined time may be set to 30 minutes or more and 180 minutes or less.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell 101, a cooling water circulation path (heat medium circulation path) 71, a cooling water tank (heat medium tank) 102, a first circulator 105, A water circulation path 72, a recovered water tank 104, a second circulator 108, a water purification device 109, a temperature detector 111, and a controller 110 are provided.
- the controller 110 causes the second circulator 108 so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector 111 is equal to or higher than the first temperature.
- the temperature detector 111 detects a temperature higher than the first temperature and higher than the second temperature, which is lower than the temperature at which the water purification device 109 is thermally degraded
- the second operation is performed. The operation of the circulator 108 is prohibited.
- water is used as a heat medium for recovering the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 101.
- water existing in the cooling water tank 102 and the cooling water circulation path 71 is referred to as cooling water
- water existing in the recovered water tank 104 and the water circulation path 72 is referred to as recovery water.
- the fuel cell 101 has an anode 11A and a cathode 11B.
- the anode 11 ⁇ / b> A is configured to be supplied with fuel gas from the fuel gas supply device 106 via the fuel gas supply path 73.
- the cathode 11B is configured to be supplied with an oxidant gas from an oxidant gas supply unit 107 via an oxidant gas supply path 74.
- each fuel cell such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a phosphoric acid fuel cell can be used. Further, since the configuration of the fuel cell 101 is the same as that of a general fuel cell, its detailed description is omitted.
- the fuel gas supply device 106 may be in any form as long as it is configured to supply fuel gas to the anode 11A of the fuel cell 101.
- the fuel gas supply device 106 may be constituted by, for example, a tank for storing fuel gas and a pump for sending fuel gas from the tank, and generates fuel gas by a reforming reaction using raw materials and water. You may be comprised with the hydrogen generator.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 107 may have any form as long as it is configured to supply the oxidant gas to the cathode 11B of the fuel cell 101.
- a fan such as a blower or a sirocco fan is used. Can be used.
- the fuel gas supply device 106 or the oxidant gas supply device 107 may include a humidifier that humidifies the supplied gas.
- the fuel gas supplied to the anode 11A and the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode 11B react electrochemically to generate water and generate electricity and heat.
- the generated heat is recovered by the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path 71 and the fuel cell 101 is cooled, as will be described later.
- a part of the produced water is vaporized to humidify the reaction gas.
- the steam obtained by humidifying the reaction gas and the generated water are discharged out of the fuel cell 101 together with the unused reaction gas.
- fuel gas off fuel gas
- water vapor and water generated that are not used in the fuel cell 101 are discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 via the off fuel gas path 75.
- oxidant gas off-oxidant gas
- water vapor a part of the oxidant gas (off-oxidant gas), water vapor, and generated water that is not used in the fuel cell 101 is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 via the off-oxidant gas path 76.
- the water vapor that humidifies the fuel gas condenses into water while flowing through the off-fuel gas path 75.
- the water condensed in the off fuel gas path 75 and the water discharged to the off fuel gas path 75 are stored in the recovered water tank 104 as recovered water.
- the water vapor humidified with the oxidant gas condenses into water while flowing through the off-oxidant gas path 76.
- the water condensed in the off-oxidant gas path 76 and the water discharged to the off-oxidant gas path 76 are stored in the recovered water tank 104 as recovered water.
- water is recovered from both the off-fuel gas path 75 and the off-oxidant gas path 76.
- the fuel cell system 100 may adopt any form as long as water is recovered from at least one of the off-fuel gas path 75 and the off-oxidant gas path 76.
- a configuration may be adopted in which a condenser that promotes condensation of water vapor is provided in at least one of the off-fuel gas path 75 and the off-oxidant gas path 76.
- a condenser for example, a heat exchanger can be used.
- the fuel cell 101 is provided with a cooling water circulation path 71 through which cooling water for cooling the fuel cell 101 flows.
- a cooling water tank 102 and a first circulator 105 are provided in the cooling water circulation path 71.
- the first circulator 105 may be in any form as long as the water in the cooling water circulation path 71 can be sent out. For example, a pump can be used.
- a recovered water tank 104 is connected to the cooling water tank 102 via a water circulation path 72.
- the water circulation path 72 includes a first water path 72A for sending cooling water from the cooling water tank 102 to the recovered water tank 104, and a second water path for sending recovered water from the recovered water tank 104 to the cooling water tank 102. 72B.
- a second circulator 108 is provided in the water circulation path 72.
- the second circulator 108 is configured to circulate water between the recovered water tank 104 and the cooling water tank 102.
- a pump may be used, and an on-off valve that allows / blocks the flow of water in the pump and the water circulation path 72 may be used.
- a water purification device 109 is provided in a path (second water path 72B) from the recovered water tank 104 to the cooling water tank 102 in the water circulation path 72.
- the water purification device 109 may have any form as long as it can purify water. In the first embodiment, it is constituted by a casing filled with an ion exchange resin, and impurities (mainly ions) contained in water are adsorbed on the ion exchange resin to be purified.
- the water purification apparatus 109 you may be comprised with the housing
- the recovered water tank 104 is provided with a temperature detector 111. Specifically, the temperature detector 111 is closer to the second connection port 104C to which the second water path 72B is connected than the first connection port 104B to which the first water path 72A is connected in the recovered water tank 104. It is arranged.
- the temperature detector 111 is configured to detect the temperature of the recovered water in the recovered water tank 104 and output the detected temperature to the controller 110.
- a thermistor or the like can be used as the temperature detector 111.
- the first connection port 104B and the second connection port 104C are provided so as to be separated from each other.
- the first connection port 104B is provided in the lower part of the recovered water tank 104
- the second connection port 104C is recovered. It is provided in the upper part of the water tank 104.
- the high-temperature cooling water supplied from the first water path 72A to the recovered water tank 104 is suppressed from being immediately sent from the recovered water tank 104 to the second water path 72B. For this reason, the temperature in the recovered water tank 104 tends to be uniform.
- the temperature detector 111 can detect a temperature close to the average temperature of the recovered water tank 104.
- the temperature detector 111 was set as the structure provided in the collection
- the temperature detector 111 may be provided in the water purification apparatus 109, and is provided in a path between the recovered water tank 104 and the water purification apparatus 109 in the water circulation path 72 (more precisely, the second water path 72B). May be.
- the controller 110 may be in any form as long as it is a device that controls each device constituting the fuel cell system 100.
- the controller 110 includes an arithmetic processing unit exemplified by a microprocessor, a CPU, and the like, a storage unit configured by a memory or the like that stores a program for executing each control operation, and a clock unit. . Then, in the controller 110, the arithmetic processing unit reads out a predetermined control program stored in the storage unit and executes it, thereby processing the information, and the fuel cell system 100 including these controls. Various controls are performed.
- the controller 110 is not only configured as a single controller, but also configured as a controller group in which a plurality of controllers cooperate to execute control of the fuel cell system 100. I do not care.
- the controller 110 may be configured by a micro control, or may be configured by an MPU, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a logic circuit, or the like.
- the fuel gas supply unit 106 operates to supply fuel gas to the anode 11A of the fuel cell 101. Further, the oxidant gas supply unit 107 is operated to supply the oxidant gas to the cathode 11B of the fuel cell 101. In the fuel cell 101, the fuel gas supplied to the anode 11A and the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode 11B react electrochemically to generate water and generate electricity and heat.
- the generated electricity is supplied to an external power load by a power regulator (not shown).
- the generated heat is recovered by the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path 71 and the fuel cell 101 is cooled. Further, the water vapor in the unused reaction gas and the generated water are recovered in the recovered water tank 104.
- the fuel cell 101 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- the fuel cell 101 is generally used while maintaining a temperature of about 70 ° C. For this reason, the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water tank 102 is also about 70 ° C.
- bacteria may enter from the atmosphere open port of the off-fuel gas path 75 or the off-oxidant gas path 76, the outlet of the drainage path (not shown) of the recovered water tank 104, and the like. Then, if the invading bacteria grow in the recovered water tank 104, the water circulation path 72, etc., the water circulation path 72 may cause a blockage of the flow path or a narrowing of the flow path, which may impair the water supply function and the purification function. There is.
- the controller 110 suppresses the growth of bacteria by executing the circulation operation. Specifically, the controller 110 operates the second circulator 108 when the temperature detector 111 detects a temperature lower than the first temperature, which is a temperature at which bacteria can be sterilized.
- the recovered water in the recovered water tank 104 flows through the second water path 72B and is supplied to the cooling water tank 102.
- the recovered water supplied to the cooling water tank 102 is mixed with high-temperature (for example, about 70 ° C.) cooling water in the cooling water tank 102 and heated (heat exchanged with the cooling water).
- high-temperature for example, about 70 ° C.
- the cooling water supplied to the recovered water tank 104 is mixed with the recovered water in the recovered water tank 104 to heat the recovered water (heat exchange with the recovered water).
- the controller 110 operates the second circulator 108 so that the temperature of the recovered water detected by the temperature detector 111 is equal to or higher than the first temperature.
- the bacteria in the recovered water tank 104, the water circulation path 72, and the like can be sterilized by heating to suppress the growth of the bacteria.
- the controller 110 When the temperature of the recovered water detected by the temperature detector 111 becomes equal to or higher than a second temperature that is lower than the temperature at which the ion exchange resin constituting the water purification device 109 is thermally deteriorated, the controller 110 The operation of the circulator 108 is prohibited (the operation of the second circulator 108 is stopped). Thereby, while being able to suppress the proliferation of the microbe in the collection
- the first temperature can be appropriately set depending on the type of bacteria to be inhibited from growth, and may be set to a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and lower than 45 ° C., for example.
- 2nd temperature can be suitably set with the kind of ion exchange resin used for a water purification apparatus, for example, you may set to 45 degreeC or more and 50 degrees C or less.
- the period (first predetermined time) for operating the second circulator 108 and the length of time (second predetermined time) for operating the second circulator 108 are determined by sterilizing the recovered water by heating.
- the time can be appropriately set so that the amount of bacteria can be reduced to such an extent that the water supply function or the purification function of the water purification device 109 does not hinder due to the blockage of the channel or the narrowing of the channel.
- the first predetermined time may be set to 1 day or more and 7 days or less
- the second predetermined time may be set to 30 minutes or more and 180 minutes or less.
- the first temperature and the second predetermined time can be calculated based on the D value and Z value (heating temperature difference required to change the D value to 1/10 or 10 times) of the target bacteria.
- the target bacteria is not limited to one type, and may be a plurality of types of bacteria.
- the second predetermined time may be calculated based on the D value and the Z value of the bacterium having the strictest sterilization conditions, or may be calculated by an average value of the D value and the Z value in these bacteria.
- the first temperature and the second predetermined time can be set.
- the first temperature, the second predetermined time, and the operation amount of the second circulator 108 because the heat resistant temperature is low. .
- the controller 110 prohibits the operation of the second circulator 108 when the temperature detected by the temperature detector 111 is equal to or higher than the second temperature even when the circulating operation is not being executed. It is configured as follows. Thereby, the thermal deterioration of the water purification apparatus 109 can be suppressed.
- the controller 110 may perform the circulation operation during the power generation operation of the fuel cell 101 or may be performed while the operation of the fuel cell system 100 is stopped.
- the controller 110 is configured to execute the circulation operation while the fuel cell system 100 is stopped from the viewpoint of suppressing the temperature drop of the fuel cell 101 and stably generating the fuel cell 101. Is preferred.
- the controller 110 performs the second circulation when the fuel cell system 100 is stopped and the circulation operation is performed, compared with the case where the fuel cell 101 is generating power and is not performing the circulation operation. Control may be performed to increase the amount of operation of the device 108.
- the high-temperature cooling water is supplied to the recovered water tank 13 by operating the second circulator 108. For this reason, the temperature of the recovered water is raised and the recovered water is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature, which is the sterilization temperature of the bacteria, and the growth of the bacteria contained in the recovered water can be suppressed.
- the operation of the second circulator 108 is performed. Is prohibited. Thereby, it can suppress that recovered water is overheated, and can suppress the thermal deterioration of the 2nd circulator 108.
- the maintenance frequency of the water purification apparatus 109 can be suppressed more than the conventional fuel cell system by extending the life of the water purification apparatus 109.
- the fungus grows in a predetermined temperature range and is killed when exposed to a temperature higher than the predetermined temperature range.
- the growth is suppressed. Therefore, when the temperature in the water circulation path 72 and the recovered water tank 104 is lower than the first temperature and is equal to or lower than the third temperature that can suppress the growth of bacteria, In the path 72 and the like, the bacteria do not grow sufficiently.
- the controller 110 has the temperature detection means 111 lower than the first temperature and equal to or lower than the third temperature, which is a temperature at which fungus growth can be suppressed.
- the third temperature can be set as appropriate depending on the type of bacteria to be inhibited from growth, and may be set to 30 ° C., for example. In the first modification, 30 ° C. is set as the third temperature, but this temperature is merely an example.
- the third temperature may be set to 25 ° C., for example, when the main purpose is to suppress the growth of fungi with a large size of one solid (for example, Neosartorya pudofischeri) as a fungus. It may be set to 20 ° C.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the first modification configured as described above has the same operational effects as the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the first modification is configured not to increase the water temperature in the water circulation path 72 and the recovered water tank 104 except when necessary, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in energy efficiency. This can save energy.
- the fuel cell system of Modification 2 in Embodiment 1 is a mode in which the fuel cell system further includes a first heat exchanger provided so as to straddle the downstream path and the heat medium circulation path from the water purification apparatus of the water circulation path. This is just an example.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system of the second modification.
- the basic configuration of the fuel cell system 100 of the second modification is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment, except that a first heat exchanger 112 is further provided.
- the first heat exchanger 112 is provided so as to straddle the path downstream of the water purification device 109 in the water circulation path 72 and the cooling water circulation path 71.
- the first heat exchanger 112 may have any configuration as long as the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 71 and the recovered water in the water circulation path 72 are configured to exchange heat. .
- various heat exchangers such as a total heat exchanger can be used.
- the cooling water tank 102 is not connected to the water circulation path 72 in the middle thereof (path downstream from the water purification device 109). 1 different from the fuel cell system 100 according to FIG.
- the recovered water flowing through the water circulation path 72 is cooled and heated by the first heat exchanger 112 during the circulation operation. Exchange and heat. For this reason, the temperature of the recovered water is raised and the recovered water is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature, which is the sterilization temperature of the bacteria, and the growth of the bacteria contained in the recovered water can be suppressed.
- controller 110 operates the first circulator 105 when the temperature detector 111 detects a temperature lower than the first temperature and executes the circulation operation (when the second circulator 108 is operated). May be. Thereby, the heat exchange between the recovered water and the cooling water in the first heat exchanger 112 can be further promoted.
- water cooling water
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- an antifreezing liquid such as an ethylene glycol-containing liquid may be used.
- Embodiment 2 The fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention further includes a heater that heats the heat medium, and exemplifies a mode in which the controller is operated when the controller performs a circulation operation. .
- the heater may be an electric heater provided in the heat medium tank.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically showing an example of a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment, but a heater 103 is provided in the cooling water tank 102. Is different.
- the heater 103 may have any configuration as long as the cooling water in the cooling water tank 102 can be heated.
- an electric heater may be used.
- the controller 110 is comprised so that the heater 103 may be act
- the fuel cell system 100 is in a standby state (the state in which the start of the fuel cell system 100 can be started when the start command is input next) after the operation stop process is completed.
- the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling water tank 102 may be low.
- the controller 110 operates the heater 103 when executing the circulation operation. For this reason, even when the cooling water in the cooling water tank 102 is at a low temperature, the cooling water is heated by the heater 103, so that the high-temperature cooling water can be supplied to the recovered water tank 13. Thereby, the temperature of the recovered water is raised and the recovered water is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature, which is the sterilization temperature of the bacteria, and the growth of the bacteria contained in the recovered water can be suppressed.
- the controller 110 operates the heater 103 when performing the circulating operation, so that the recovered water is more reliably heated to the first temperature or higher. And the growth of bacteria can be suppressed.
- Embodiment 2 although the form which arrange
- the heater 103 may be disposed in the cooling water circulation path 71 (including the cooling water tank 102) as long as the cooling water can be heated, and may be disposed outside the cooling water circulation path 71 (including the cooling water tank 102). You may arrange.
- the controller 110 supplies the surplus power to the heater 103 when the surplus power is generated in the fuel cell system 100 and the temperature detector 111 detects a temperature lower than the first temperature, so that the circulation operation is performed. May be executed.
- controller 110 is configured to stop the heater 103 and stop the second circulator 108 when the controller 110 executes the circulation operation and detects a temperature equal to or higher than the second temperature. Needless to say.
- the controller operates the heater when the temperature detector does not detect a temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature when the controller is performing the circulating operation.
- the embodiment to be made is illustrated.
- the controller 110 operates the heater 103 when the temperature detector 111 does not detect a temperature equal to or higher than the first temperature during the circulation operation. It is configured as follows. That is, the controller 110 is configured to operate the heater 103 only when the temperature of the cooling water is low and the recovered water cannot be heated to the first temperature or higher.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the first modification configured as described above has the same operational effects as the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment. Further, in the fuel cell system 100 according to the first modification, the recovered water can be heated at a more appropriate timing, a decrease in energy efficiency can be suppressed, and energy saving performance can be improved.
- a fuel cell system includes a hot water storage tank that stores hot water to be exchanged with a heat medium, a hot water storage path that is connected to the hot water storage tank and circulates the hot water, a heat medium circulation path, and a hot water storage A second heat exchanger provided to straddle the circulation path, and a third circulator provided in the hot water circulation path to circulate the hot water, and the controller performs the circulation operation when This is an example of controlling the first to third circulators so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector is equal to or higher than the first temperature and lower than the second temperature.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment, but has a hot water storage circulation path 77 and a second heat exchange.
- a vessel 113, a hot water storage tank 114, and a third circulator 115 are further provided.
- the second heat exchanger 113 is provided so as to straddle the water circulation path 72 and the hot water storage circulation path 77.
- the second heat exchanger 113 may have any configuration as long as the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 71 and the hot water in the hot water circulation path 77 are configured to be able to exchange heat. Good.
- various heat exchangers such as a total heat exchanger can be used.
- a hot water circulation path 77 is connected to the hot water storage tank 114. More specifically, the upstream end of the hot water storage circulation path 77 is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 114, and the downstream end of the hot water storage circulation path 77 is connected to the upper part thereof. Further, a third circulator 115 is provided in the hot water storage circulation path 77. The third circulator 115 may have any form as long as the hot water (water) in the hot water circulation path 77 can be sent out. For example, a pump can be used.
- the hot water existing in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 114 is supplied to the hot water storage circulation path 77 by the operation of the third circulator 115.
- the hot water supplied to the hot water storage circulation path 77 exchanges heat with the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path 71 in the second heat exchanger 113 while flowing through the hot water storage circulation path 77, thereby storing hot water. It is supplied to the upper part of the tank 114.
- the controller 110 performs the circulating operation, the first circulator 105 and the second circulator so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector 111 is equal to or higher than the first temperature and lower than the second temperature.
- the device 108 and the third circulator 115 are controlled. Specifically, for example, when the water temperature of the cooling water tank 102 and the recovered water tank 104 is low and the water temperature of the hot water storage tank 114 is high, the controller 110 increases the operation amount of the third circulator 115 to increase the second Heat exchange between the cooling water and the hot water in the heat exchanger 113 is promoted to heat the cooling water.
- the controller 110 increases the operation amount of the third circulator 115 to increase the second heat exchanger.
- the heat exchange between the cooling water and the hot water at 113 is promoted to heat the hot water.
- the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention further includes a water level detector that detects the water level in the heat medium tank, and the water level detector is formed in the heat medium tank and discharges the heat medium to the recovered water circulation path.
- the water level detector is configured to detect the first water level that is lower than the outlet for discharging and the second water level that is lower than the first water level. Detects the water level below the second water level, operates the second circulator until the water level detector detects the first water level, and stops the second circulator when the water level detector detects the water level above the first water level.
- the circulating operation is executed, even if the water level detector detects the water level below the first water level, the temperature detected by the temperature detector is not lower than the first temperature and lower than the second temperature. Example of operating the second circulator It is intended.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment, but includes a water level detector 116 in the cooling water tank 102.
- the water level detector 116 may be in any form as long as it can detect the water level in the cooling water tank 102 and output the detected water level in the cooling water tank 102 to the controller 110.
- a float type water level sensor, an optical interface type water level sensor, an ultrasonic type water level sensor, an electrode type water level sensor, a pressure type water level sensor, or the like can be used.
- the water level detector 116 includes a first water level that is lower than the discharge port 102A of the cooling water tank 102 for discharging the cooling water to the water circulation path 72 (more precisely, the first water path 72A) and the first water level. It is configured to detect a low second water level.
- the controller 110 When the controller 110 does not execute the circulation operation, when the water level detector 116 detects the water level below the second water level, the controller 110 operates the second circulator 108 until the water level detector 116 detects the first water level.
- the reason for this control is as follows. That is, a part of the water in the cooling water tank 102 is supplied to, for example, a hydrogen generator which is one of the devices constituting the fuel gas supply device 106, and the hydrocarbon gas reforming performed in the hydrogen generator is performed. It is used by being supplied to equipment constituting the fuel cell system 100, such as used for reaction.
- a hydrogen generator which is one of the devices constituting the fuel gas supply device 106
- the hydrocarbon gas reforming performed in the hydrogen generator is performed. It is used by being supplied to equipment constituting the fuel cell system 100, such as used for reaction.
- the water in the cooling water tank 102 is supplied to a device such as a hydrogen generator, the water decreases as the fuel cell 101 generates power.
- the controller 110 controls the second circulator 108 to operate so that the water in the recovered water tank 104 is sent to the cooling water tank 102.
- the second water level is a water level that can secure a sufficient amount of
- the controller 110 stops the second circulator 108 when the water level detector 116 detects the first water level which is lower than the discharge port 102A. This is because by continuing to operate the second circulator 108, the water level in the cooling water tank 102 exceeds the first water level and reaches the discharge port 102A, and the water in the cooling water tank 102 is sent to the recovered water tank 104. This is to prevent this.
- the reason for such control will be described in more detail below.
- the water in the cooling water tank 102 absorbs the heat of the fuel cell 101 and becomes high in temperature, so that a small amount of water from the cooling water tank 102 enters the recovered water tank 104. If sent, the temperature of the water in the recovered water tank 104 may become a temperature at which bacteria are likely to be generated.
- relatively cool water is sent from the recovered water tank 104 to the cooling water tank 102, so that the water in the cooling water tank 102 decreases. .
- the temperature of the cooling water tank 102 decreases, the temperature of the fuel cell 101 also decreases, and there is a possibility that power generation becomes unstable.
- the water level detector 116 detects the first water level, the controller 110 stops the second circulator 108 so that bacteria are not generated in the recovered water tank 104.
- the first water level can be arbitrarily set as long as it is higher than the second water level and lower than the discharge port 102A of the cooling water tank 102.
- the controller 110 when the controller 110 is performing the circulation operation, even if the water level detector 116 detects the first water level, the temperature detected by the temperature detector 111 is equal to or higher than the first temperature, and The second circulator 108 is operated so as to be lower than the second temperature.
- the controller 110 controls the second circulator 108 based on the detection signal from the water level detector 116 when the circulation operation is not performed, and the temperature detector 111 when the circulation operation is performed. Based on the detection signal from the water level detector 116 when the circulation operation is not performed, and the temperature detector 111 when the circulation operation is performed. Based on the detection signal from the water level detector 116 when the circulation operation is not performed, and the temperature detector 111 when the circulation operation is performed. Based on the detection signal from the water level detector 116 when the circulation operation is not performed, and the temperature detector 111 when the circulation operation is performed. Based on the detection signal from the water level detector 116 when the circulation operation is not performed, and the temperature detector 111 when the circulation operation is performed. Based on the detection signal from the water level detector 116 when the circulation operation is not performed, and the temperature detector 111 when the circulation operation is performed. Based on the detection signal from the water level detector 116 when the circulation operation is not performed, and the temperature detector 111 when the circulation operation is performed. Based on the detection signal from the water level detector 116
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment. Further, in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4, when the circulation operation is not performed, when the water level detector 116 detects the water level equal to or higher than the first water level, the second circulator 108 is stopped, For example, since the high-temperature water in the cooling water tank 102 is not sent to the recovered water tank 104 during power generation without performing the circulation operation, the water temperature in the recovered water tank 104 is prevented from becoming a temperature at which bacteria are likely to be generated. can do.
- the controller 110 is the discharge port 102A.
- the second circulator 108 may be controlled so that an amount of water that does not discharge water from the recovered water tank 104 is sent to the cooling water tank 102.
- the water level detector 116 can detect only one water level, such as a float type water level sensor, the first water level and the second water level are determined using the width capable of detecting the water level. May be.
- the maintenance frequency of the water purification device can be suppressed as compared with the conventional fuel cell system by extending the life of the water purification device. It is useful in the field of
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Abstract
Description
実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムは、燃料電池を有する燃料電池システムであって、燃料電池の排熱を回収するための熱媒体が循環する熱媒体循環経路と、熱媒体循環経路に設けられ、熱媒体を貯える熱媒体タンクと、熱媒体循環経路に設けられ、熱媒体を循環させる第1循環器と、燃料電池システムで生じる排ガスから回収される水を貯える回収水タンクと、収水タンクに接続され、水が循環する水循環経路と、水循環経路に設けられ、水を循環させる第2循環器と、水循環経路に設けられ、水を浄化する水浄化装置と、回収水タンク、水浄化装置、及び回収水タンクと水浄化装置の間の水循環経路のいずれか1つに設けられ、水の温度を検知する温度検知器と、制御器と、を備え、熱媒体循環経路と水循環経路は、熱媒体と水が熱交換可能なように構成されていて、制御器は、菌を殺菌することができる第1温度より低い温度を温度検知器が検知すると、温度検知器が検知する温度が第1温度以上となるように、第2循環器を動作させる循環運転を実行し、第1温度よりも高く、かつ、水浄化装置が熱劣化する温度よりも低い温度である第2温度以上の温度を温度検知器が検知すると、第2循環器の動作を禁止するように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。
次に、実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システム100の発電運転時の動作について、図1を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下の諸動作は、制御器110が燃料電池システム100の各機器を制御することにより行われる。
次に、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの変形例1について説明する。
次に、本実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システムの変形例2について説明する。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムは、熱媒体を加熱する加熱器をさらに備え、制御器が、循環運転を実行する場合には、加熱器を作動させる態様を例示するものである。
図3は、実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成の一例を模式的に示すブロック図である。
次に、本実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムの変形例1について、説明する。
本発明の実施の形態3に係る燃料電池システムは、熱媒体と熱交換する貯湯水を貯える貯湯タンクと、貯湯タンクに接続され、貯湯水が循環する貯湯循環経路と、熱媒体循環経路と貯湯循環経路とを跨ぐように設けられた第2熱交換器と、貯湯循環経路に設けられ、貯湯水を循環させる第3循環器と、を備え、制御器は、循環運転を実行するときに、温度検知器が検知する温度が、第1温度以上、かつ、第2温度より低くなるように、第1~第3循環器を制御する態様を例示するものである。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。
本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムは、熱媒体タンク内の水位を検知する水位検知器をさらに備え、水位検知器は、熱媒体タンクに形成され、熱媒体を回収水循環経路に排出するための排出口より低い水位である第1水位及び該第1水位より低い水位である第2水位を検知するように構成され、制御器は、循環運転を実行しない場合には、水位検知器が第2水位以下の水位を検知すると、水位検知器が第1水位を検知するまで第2循環器を動作させ、水位検知器が第1水位以上の水位を検知すると第2循環器を停止させ、循環運転を実行している場合には、水位検知器が第1水位以下の水位を検知しても、温度検知器が検知する温度が第1温度以上、かつ、前記第2温度より低くなるように、第2循環器を動作させる態様を例示するものである。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を模式的に示すブロック図である。
11B カソード
71 冷却水循環経路(熱媒体循環経路)
72 水循環経路
72A 第1水経路
72B 第2水経路
73 燃料ガス供給路
74 酸化剤ガス供給路
75 オフ燃料ガス経路
76 オフ酸化剤ガス経路
77 貯湯循環経路
100 燃料電池システム
101 燃料電池
102 冷却水タンク(熱媒体タンク)
102A 排出口
103 加熱器
104 回収水タンク
104B 第1接続口
104C 第2接続口
105 第1循環器
106 燃料ガス供給器
107 酸化剤ガス供給器
108 第2循環器
109 水浄化装置
110 制御器
111 温度検知器
112 第1熱交換器
113 第2熱交換器
114 貯湯タンク
115 第3循環器
116 水位検知器
Claims (16)
- 燃料電池を有する燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の排熱を回収するための熱媒体が循環する熱媒体循環経路と、
前記熱媒体循環経路に設けられ、前記熱媒体を貯える熱媒体タンクと、
前記熱媒体循環経路に設けられ、前記熱媒体を循環させる第1循環器と、
前記燃料電池システムで生じる排ガスから回収される水を貯える回収水タンクと、
前記回収水タンクに接続され、前記水が循環する水循環経路と、
前記水循環経路に設けられ、前記水を循環させる第2循環器と、
前記水循環経路に設けられ、前記水を浄化する水浄化装置と、
前記回収水タンク、前記水浄化装置、及び前記回収水タンクと前記水浄化装置の間の前記水循環経路のいずれか1つに設けられ、前記水の温度を検知する温度検知器と、
制御器と、を備え、
前記熱媒体循環経路と前記水循環経路は、前記熱媒体と前記水が熱交換可能なように構成されていて、
前記制御器は、菌を殺菌することができる第1温度より低い温度を前記温度検知器が検知すると、前記温度検知器が検知する温度が前記第1温度以上となるように、前記第2循環器を動作させる循環運転を実行し、
前記第1温度よりも高く、かつ、前記水浄化装置が熱劣化する温度よりも低い温度である第2温度以上の温度を前記温度検知器が検知すると、前記第2循環器の動作を禁止するように構成されている、燃料電池システム。 - 前記水循環経路の前記水浄化装置よりも下流側の経路に前記熱媒体タンクが接続されている、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記水循環経路の前記水浄化装置よりも下流側の経路と前記熱媒体循環経路とを跨ぐように設けられた第1熱交換器をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記熱媒体を加熱する加熱器をさらに備え、
前記制御器は、前記循環運転を実行する場合には、前記加熱器を作動させる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記熱媒体を加熱する加熱器をさらに備え、
前記制御器は、前記循環運転を実行しているときに、前記温度検知器が前記第1温度以上の温度を検知しない場合には、前記加熱器を作動させる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記加熱器は、前記熱媒体タンクに設けられた電気ヒータである、請求項4又は5に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記熱媒体と熱交換する貯湯水を貯える貯湯タンクと、
前記貯湯タンクに接続され、前記貯湯水が循環する貯湯循環経路と、
前記熱媒体循環経路と前記貯湯循環経路とを跨ぐように設けられた第2熱交換器と、
前記貯湯循環経路に設けられ、前記貯湯水を循環させる第3循環器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記循環運転を実行するときに、前記温度検知器が検知する温度が、前記第1温度以上、かつ、前記第2温度より低くなるように、前記第1~第3循環器を制御する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記熱媒体タンク内の水位を検知する水位検知器をさらに備え、
前記水位検知器は、前記熱媒体タンクに形成され、前記熱媒体を前記回収水循環経路に排出するための排出口より低い水位である第1水位及び前記第1水位より低い水位である第2水位を検知するように構成され、
前記制御器は、前記循環運転を実行しない場合には、前記水位検知器が前記第2水位以下の水位を検知すると、前記水位検知器が前記第1水位を検知するまで前記第2循環器を動作させ、前記水位検知器が前記第1水位以上の水位を検知すると前記第2循環器を停止させ、
前記循環運転を実行している場合には、前記水位検知器が前記第1水位以下の水位を検知しても、前記温度検知器が検知する温度が前記第1温度以上、かつ、前記第2温度より低くなるように、前記第2循環器を動作させる、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池システムの停止中に、前記循環運転を行うように構成されている、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池の発電中、かつ、前記循環運転をしていない場合より、前記燃料電池システムの停止中、かつ、前記循環運転をしている場合の方が、前記第2循環器の操作量を大きくさせるように制御する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記水循環経路は、前記熱媒体タンクから前記回収水タンクに前記熱媒体を送るための第1水経路と、前記回収水タンクから前記熱媒体タンクに前記水を送るための第2水経路と、を有しており、
前記温度検知器は、前記回収水タンクにおける前記第1水経路が接続される第1接続口より、前記第2水経路が接続される第2接続口に近い位置に配設されている、請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記循環運転を第1所定時間毎に第2所定時間実行するように構成されている、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第1所定時間は、1日以上、かつ、7日以下に設定され、
前記第2所定時間は、30分以上、かつ、180分以下に設定されている、請求項12に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記温度検出手段が、前記第1温度より低く、かつ、菌の増殖を抑制することができる温度である第3温度以下の温度を検知すると、前記循環運転を実行しないように構成されている、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記第1温度は、40℃以上、かつ、45℃より低く設定され、
前記第2温度は、45℃以上、かつ、50℃以下に設定されている、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池を有する燃料電池システムの運転方法であって、
前記燃料電池システムは、
前記燃料電池の排熱を回収するための熱媒体が循環する熱媒体循環経路と、
前記熱媒体循環経路に設けられ、前記熱媒体を貯える熱媒体タンクと、
前記熱媒体循環経路に設けられ、前記熱媒体を循環させる第1循環器と、
前記燃料電池システムで生じる排ガスから回収される水を貯える回収水タンクと、
前記回収水タンクに接続され、前記水が循環する水循環経路と、
前記水循環経路に設けられ、前記水を循環させる第2循環器と、
前記水循環経路に設けられ、前記水を浄化する水浄化装置と、
前記回収水タンク、前記水浄化装置、及び前記回収水タンクと前記水浄化装置の間の前記水循環経路のいずれか1つに設けられ、前記水の温度を検知する温度検知器と、を備え、
前記熱媒体循環経路と前記水循環経路は、前記熱媒体と前記水が熱交換可能なように構成されていて、
前記温度検知器が、菌を殺菌することができる温度である第1温度より低い温度を検知すると、前記温度検知器が検知する温度が前記第1温度以上となるように、前記第2循環器を動作させ、
前記温度検知器が、前記第1温度よりも高く、かつ、前記水浄化装置が熱劣化する温度よりも低い温度である第2温度以上の温度を検知すると、前記第2循環器の動作を禁止する、燃料電池システムの運転方法。
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CN2011800031521A CN102484273A (zh) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-03-03 | 燃料电池系统及燃料电池系统的运转方法 |
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