WO2011104893A1 - 有機elディスプレイ及び有機elディスプレイの製造方法 - Google Patents
有機elディスプレイ及び有機elディスプレイの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011104893A1 WO2011104893A1 PCT/JP2010/053510 JP2010053510W WO2011104893A1 WO 2011104893 A1 WO2011104893 A1 WO 2011104893A1 JP 2010053510 W JP2010053510 W JP 2010053510W WO 2011104893 A1 WO2011104893 A1 WO 2011104893A1
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- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
- H01L27/1218—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition or structure of the substrate
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- H01L27/1222—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer
- H01L27/1225—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer with semiconductor materials not belonging to the group IV of the periodic table, e.g. InGaZnO
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- H10K59/10—OLED displays
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- H10K59/121—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays characterised by the geometry or disposition of pixel elements
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- H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
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- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
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Definitions
- the present invention particularly relates to an organic EL display that uses a plastic substrate and is driven by a thin film transistor having an active layer containing a nonmetallic element, and a method for manufacturing the organic EL display.
- An organic EL device constituting an organic EL display has an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, etc. laminated between an anode and a cathode, and a voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode. Light is emitted by applying a current to the organic EL element.
- a large number of display pixels made of organic EL elements are two-dimensionally arranged and used as a display.
- the display pixel is divided into a plurality of pixels called sub-pixels, and red (R), green (G), and blue (B) elements are emitted.
- red (R), green (G), and blue (B) elements are emitted.
- RGB red
- G green
- B blue
- RGB red
- W white
- the color filter method uses white light emission and combines the RGB color filters with the sub-pixels for colorization. Similar to the separate coloring method, the color filter of the sub-pixel may be four colors obtained by adding white (W) to RGB.
- the organic EL element is an all-solid planar self-luminous element, and the organic EL display using the organic EL element is excellent in thinning, high-speed response, viewing angle characteristics, etc., compared to a liquid crystal display or a plasma display.
- flexible displays have been developed using plastic substrates. There are a passive matrix method and an active matrix method for driving the organic EL display.
- the anode and the cathode of the organic EL element are arranged in the X direction and the Y direction as interdigital electrodes, one electrode is used as a scanning electrode, and the other electrode is used as a data electrode.
- This is a method of emitting light by applying a voltage from an external constant current circuit to the pixel at the intersection, and there is no need for a thin film transistor for driving an organic EL element, which is advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost compared to the active matrix method described later. It is a method.
- the number of pixels on the display screen increases, the number of scanning electrodes also increases, and as a result, the duty ratio for driving the pixels decreases, so that there is a limitation that high luminance cannot be obtained.
- the active matrix method is turned on and off with a thin film transistor (TFT) for each pixel, and the lighting state is maintained with a storage capacitor (capacitor), so that high luminance can be maintained even if the number of pixels increases. is there. Therefore, the active matrix method is used for applications such as a television with a large number of pixels.
- TFT thin film transistor
- capacitor storage capacitor
- the active matrix system of a liquid crystal display it is sufficient if there is one transistor for selecting a pixel.
- a current is supplied to the organic EL element of the selected pixel.
- At least two TFTs of a transistor that emits light are required. Accordingly, when considering the aperture ratio of the display, the size of the TFT in the case of an organic EL display is a more important problem than in the case of a liquid crystal display. The smaller the TFT, the larger the aperture ratio of the display.
- a TFT using an oxide thin film as an active layer is transparent to visible light, and can be expected to increase the aperture ratio of the display.
- TFTs used in the active matrix system are practically used as a-Si TFTs using amorphous silicon (a-Si) as the active layer and low-temperature p-Si TFTs using low-temperature polysilicon (low-temperature p-Si) as the active layer.
- a-Si amorphous silicon
- low-temperature p-Si low-temperature polysilicon
- the active matrix method should be selected as the driving method as described above.
- the field effect mobility is about 0.5 cm 2 / V ⁇ s. Therefore, when the pixel area is large or the number of scanning electrodes is large, for example, 2 When the number is 000 or more, problems occur in terms of high-speed response and high brightness. That is, when the pixel of the organic EL element is large, it is necessary to increase the size of the TFT in order to allow a sufficient current to flow. However, the aperture ratio of the pixel is lowered, and high luminance cannot be realized.
- the writing time becomes shorter as the number of scan electrodes increases. Therefore, it is not possible to secure a sufficient time for charging the storage capacitor, and as a result, the TFT can be satisfactorily turned on. Can not.
- the a-Si TFT has a large amount of fluctuation of the threshold voltage (Vt) due to current stress, and it is inevitable that the drive current varies during long-time driving.
- the variation in drive current is an organic EL element, that is, a variation in luminance.
- excimer laser light is necessary for the production of low-temperature p-Si for melt crystallization of a silicon film, and an excimer laser beam having a length corresponding to the screen width is necessary for a large screen display.
- the longest laser beam length is 465 mm, and a display with a width larger than this cannot be made with low-temperature p-Si.
- the manufacturing process temperature of the low-temperature p-Si TFT is as high as 500 ° C. to 600 ° C., and a plastic substrate cannot be used at all. Therefore, a flexible display is impossible.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a large-screen, high-definition organic EL display using a plastic substrate and a method for manufacturing an organic EL display using the roll-shaped long plastic substrate.
- the purpose is to do.
- the present invention is configured as follows.
- the invention according to claim 1 is an organic EL display having an organic EL element in which at least a lower electrode, an organic layer including at least a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode are formed on a transparent plastic substrate, and a thin film transistor, The lower electrode and the source electrode or drain electrode of the thin film transistor are connected,
- the plastic substrate has a gas barrier layer;
- the thin film transistor is formed on the gas barrier layer,
- the thin film transistor has an active layer containing a nonmetallic element in which a ratio of N to O (N number density / O number density) is 0 to 2 in a mixture of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N),
- the organic EL element is an organic EL display formed on at least the gas barrier layer or the thin film transistor.
- the invention according to claim 2 is the organic EL display according to claim 1, wherein the organic EL display has a short side length of 465 mm or more.
- the invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that the organic EL element has a layer emitting at least three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). It is an organic EL display.
- the invention described in claim 4 is the organic EL display according to claim 1, wherein the organic EL element has at least a white light emitting layer and a color filter layer.
- the thin film transistor is transparent, A part of the organic EL element is continuously formed two-dimensionally on the thin film transistor through a transparent insulating layer,
- the invention according to claim 6 is the organic EL display according to claim 1, wherein the upper electrode of the organic EL element is a light reflective electrode.
- the invention according to claim 7 is the organic EL display according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor has an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer on the gas barrier layer side.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the organic EL display according to claim 7, wherein the thin film transistor has a glass substrate.
- the invention according to claim 9 is the organic EL display according to claim 1, wherein the thin film transistor is directly formed on the plastic substrate.
- Invention of Claim 10 is a manufacturing method of the organic electroluminescent display of any one of Claims 1-9, Comprising: At least, A step of forming an organic EL element portion on which a lower electrode, an organic layer including at least a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode are formed on a transparent plastic substrate;
- the transparent plastic substrate is in the form of a long roll, and a step of forming a gas barrier layer on the transparent plastic substrate;
- An active layer containing a nonmetallic element having a ratio of N to O (N number density / O number density) of 0 to 2 in a mixture of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) is formed on the gas barrier layer by sputtering.
- a method for producing an organic EL display comprising: forming the organic EL element on at least the gas barrier layer or the thin film transistor.
- the invention according to claim 11 is the method for producing an organic EL display according to claim 10, wherein the organic EL display has a short side length of 465 mm or more.
- the invention according to claim 12 is characterized in that the organic EL element has a step of forming a layer emitting light of at least three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). 10.
- the invention according to claim 13 is the method for manufacturing an organic EL display according to claim 10, wherein the organic EL element includes a step of forming at least a white light emitting layer and a color filter layer.
- the thin film transistor is transparent, and a part of the organic EL element is two-dimensionally continuously formed on the thin film transistor via a transparent insulating layer, and the organic EL element
- a part or all of the glass substrate is removed and transferred onto the plastic substrate through the adhesive layer or the adhesive layer.
- the invention according to claim 16 is the method of manufacturing an organic EL display according to claim 10, wherein the thin film transistor is formed directly on the plastic substrate.
- the present invention has the following effects.
- the active layer includes a nonmetallic element having a ratio of N to O (N number density / O number density) of 0 to 2 in a mixture of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N).
- N number density / O number density
- the organic EL element is an all-solid self-luminous element, has no viewing angle dependency, and is suitable as an element of a flexible display formed on a plastic substrate.
- a thin film transistor having high field effect mobility can be easily obtained, and this thin film transistor is suitable for a large screen and high definition display using an organic EL element as a current driving element.
- the organic EL display has a short side of the display screen of 465 mm or more, and a low temperature P-Si TFT can be applied to a large screen, high definition organic EL display.
- the size of the display screen using P-Si TFT requires a laser annealing device, which is an expensive manufacturing device, but due to the size limitation of the laser annealing device, mass production is not possible unless the short side is 465 mm or less. Accordingly, a display screen manufacturing apparatus having a short side of 465 mm or more is possible at a relatively low cost.
- the organic EL element has at least a white light emitting layer and a color filter layer, and does not emit light of three primary colors to four to six colors.
- Full color display is also possible.
- the light emitting layer since the light emitting layer only needs to form a single white light emitting layer, it is not necessary to form the light emitting layer separately for each light emitting color, the number of processes is small, and the manufacturing apparatus is simpler and less expensive. There is an effect that it can be manufactured, and full-color display is performed by transmitting light from the white light emitting layer through the color filter layer as in a color liquid crystal panel.
- the upper electrode of the organic EL element as a light-reflective electrode, the light generated in the organic EL element and traveling to the upper side opposite to the display side is also displayed by the upper electrode. Since it is effectively used for display by being reflected in the side direction, there is an advantage that it is possible to increase the use efficiency of light emission of the organic EL element.
- a separately manufactured thin film transistor is attached to the plastic substrate using the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer. Can be attached and fixed.
- the roll-to-roll method of winding from a roll state to a roll-out state at the time of manufacture can be used, and even when there is no facility for forming a thin film transistor on a long substrate, a thin film transistor substrate manufactured separately can be used. There is.
- a thin film transistor that requires a high-temperature process that cannot be directly formed on a plastic substrate is manufactured separately on the glass substrate, and then the thin film transistor is formed on the plastic substrate using an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer.
- the substrate when the thin film transistor is directly formed on the plastic substrate, the substrate is flexible, which is suitable for a flexible display.
- the display is an organic EL display, the organic display is an all-solid-state element, has no visual field dependency of characteristics, and is suitable as a flexible display.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the organic EL display of the first embodiment.
- the organic EL display C according to the first embodiment includes, on a transparent plastic substrate 100, an organic EL element A in which at least a lower electrode, an organic layer including at least a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode are formed, and a thin film transistor B. .
- the transparent plastic substrate 100 has a gas barrier layer 101a formed on the upper surface and a gas barrier layer 101b formed on the lower surface.
- the thin film transistor B is formed on the gas barrier layer 101 a and includes a gate electrode 200, a gate insulating layer 201, a source electrode 202, an active layer 203, and a drain electrode 204.
- the active layer 203 is a mixture of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) and contains a nonmetallic element having a ratio of N to O (N number density / O number density) of 0 to 2.
- the active layer 203 is made from a combination of a metal source (In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 ) and an insulator source (Si 3 N 4 ). Even if nitride is used as the metal raw material, it is an insulator itself from the beginning. Therefore, no matter how much it is mixed with other insulator raw materials, a semiconductor cannot be formed. For this reason, the metal raw material uses the oxide which is a metal itself. On the other hand, when nitride is used as the insulator raw material, a semiconductor produced by mixing both becomes an oxynitride mixture containing both oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N). The state of mixing is expressed by the following formula. The mixing ratios x and y can be determined under conditions where the positive and negative valences are balanced.
- the mixing ratio x of the main metal raw material In 2 O 3 and the mixing ratio y of the insulator material Si 3 N 4 are set, the mixing ratio of the subordinate metal raw material SnO 2 is 6 ⁇ x from the valence balance.
- N 12-18 (typical value 17)
- N 0 to 24 (typical value 12).
- N 1: 0 to 2
- Number ratio of nitrogen to oxygen 1 that is, ratio of nitrogen (N) to oxygen (O) (N number density / O number density) is 0 to 2.
- the organic EL element A is formed on at least the gas barrier layer 101a or the thin film transistor B, and includes a conductive connecting portion 205, an insulating planarizing layer 300, a lower electrode 301 that is an anode of the organic EL element A, and a positive electrode. It has a hole transport layer 302, a light emitting layer 303, an electron transport layer 304, and an upper electrode 305 that is a cathode of the organic EL element A.
- the lower electrode 301 and the drain electrode 204 of the thin film transistor B are electrically connected by the connection portion 205, but may be connected to the source electrode 202 of the thin film transistor B.
- a thin film such as SiOx or SiNx is formed by a vacuum film forming method such as a sputtering method, a CVD method, or a vacuum evaporation method.
- the thickness of the gas barrier layer is, for example, about 10 nm to 100 nm.
- a transparent thin film such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc oxide (ZnO) is sputtered, vacuum deposited, ion plating, or the like. Form with.
- the thickness of these electrodes is, for example, about 50 nm to 200 nm.
- a transparent insulating thin film such as SiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 is formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, a vacuum evaporation method, an ion plating method, or the like.
- the thickness of the gate oxide film is, for example, about 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- N number density / O number density a ratio of N to O
- O oxygen
- N nitrogen
- the organic EL element A is an all-solid self-luminous element, has no viewing angle dependency, and is suitable as an element of a flexible display formed on a plastic substrate.
- a thin film transistor having high field effect mobility can be easily obtained, and this thin film transistor is suitable for a large screen and high definition display using an organic EL element as a current driving element.
- the ratio of nitrogen (N) to oxygen (O) is in the range of 0 to 2 because the above-mentioned ratio of nitrogen (N) to oxygen (O) (N number density). / O number density) is determined by the balance between the band gap and the valence as described in “0 to 2”. If this value is 0 (no nitrogen is present), depending on the amount of oxygen, the band gap of the active layer 7 is too small and metallic, and the thin film transistor B is always on. On the other hand, when this value exceeds 2 (oxygen deficiency, nitrogen excess), the band gap of the active layer 7 is too large and becomes insulating, so that the thin film transistor B is always turned off. In either case, problems occur as TFT characteristics.
- the length of the short side of the display screen is 465 mm or more.
- Low-temperature P-Si TFTs can be applied to large-screen, high-definition organic EL displays, but the size of the display screen using low-temperature P-Si TFTs requires a laser annealing device, which is an expensive manufacturing device. Due to the limitation of the size of the device, mass production is impossible unless the short side is 465 mm or less. However, a manufacturing apparatus for a display screen having a short side of 465 mm or more can be realized at a relatively low cost by using a thin film transistor.
- the thin film transistor B is transparent, and a part of the organic EL element A is continuously formed two-dimensionally on the thin film transistor B via the insulating planarization layer 300 which is a transparent insulating layer.
- the lower electrode 301 of the organic EL element A is transparent.
- the upper electrode 305 of the organic EL element A is a light reflective electrode.
- the upper electrode 305 of the organic EL element A By making the upper electrode 305 of the organic EL element A a light-reflective electrode, the light generated in the organic EL element A and traveling to the upper side opposite to the display side is also reflected by the upper electrode 305 in the display side direction. Therefore, there is an advantage that the use efficiency of light emission of the organic EL element A can be increased.
- the thin film transistor B has an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer on the gas barrier layer 101a side.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or an adhesive layer on the gas barrier layer 101a side of the plastic substrate 100 By providing a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or an adhesive layer on the gas barrier layer 101a side of the plastic substrate 100, a separately manufactured thin film transistor B is attached and fixed on the plastic substrate 100 using the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer. Can do.
- a roll-to-roll method of winding from a roll state to a delivery roll state at the time of manufacture can be used, and even when there is no equipment for forming the thin film transistor B on a long substrate, a thin film transistor substrate manufactured separately can be used.
- the thin film transistor B is directly formed on the plastic substrate 101.
- the thin film transistor B is directly formed on the plastic substrate 101 on the gas barrier layer 101a side of the plastic substrate 100, and the substrate is flexible, it is suitable for a flexible display.
- the display is an organic EL display
- the organic display is an all-solid-state element, has no visual field dependency of characteristics, and is suitable as a flexible display.
- the thin film transistor B has a glass substrate 600 as shown in FIG.
- a thin film transistor that requires a high-temperature process that cannot be directly formed on the plastic substrate 101 is separately manufactured on the glass substrate 600, and then is formed on the plastic substrate 101 using an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer.
- an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer There is an advantage that it can be used by pasting. In this case, if the glass substrate 600 is etched with hydrogen fluoride water or the like or polished with an abrasive to reduce the thickness, the thickness of the device can be reduced.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an organic EL display according to the second embodiment.
- the organic EL display according to the second embodiment the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the organic EL element A includes a light emitting layer 303r that emits red light, a light emitting layer 303g that emits green light, and a light emitting layer 303b that emits blue light.
- the lower electrode 301 that is the anode of the organic EL element A is divided and the thin film transistor B is arranged corresponding to the light emitting layer 303r that emits red light, the light emitting layer 303g that emits green light, and the light emitting layer 303b that emits blue light.
- the lower electrode 301 and the drain electrode 204 of the thin film transistor B are electrically connected by a connection portion 205.
- the organic EL element A has a layer that emits at least three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
- R red
- G green
- B blue
- the light emission of the organic EL element A is directly displayed as it is.
- the full-color display methods it is preferable because it has the highest light emission utilization efficiency.
- four to six colors including white (W), yellow (Y), cyan (C) and the like are added. May be configured to emit light.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an organic EL display according to the third embodiment.
- the organic EL display according to the third embodiment the same components as those in the first embodiment and the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the organic EL element A has a light emitting layer 303w that emits white light, further transmits a color filter layer 400r that transmits red light, and a color filter layer 400g that transmits green light. , A color filter layer 400b that transmits blue light, and a black matrix layer 400bk that separates each pixel.
- the organic EL element A has at least a white light emitting layer and a color filter layer.
- a full color display is possible with the white light emitting layer and the color filter layer without emitting light of three primary colors or four to six colors.
- the light emitting layer since the light emitting layer only needs to form a single white light emitting layer, it is not necessary to form the light emitting layer separately for each light emitting color, the number of processes is small, and the manufacturing apparatus is simpler and less expensive. There is an effect that it can be manufactured, and full-color display is performed by transmitting light from the white light emitting layer through the color filter layer as in a color liquid crystal panel.
- FIG. 4 is a pixel circuit diagram of the organic EL display of the present invention by an active matrix driving method using thin film transistors.
- the pixel circuit of the organic EL display includes a scanning line 400, a signal line 401, a power supply line 402, a switching transistor 403, a storage capacitor 404, a driving transistor 405, and an organic EL element 406. .
- the gate electrode of the switching transistor 403 is connected to the scanning line 400, and the drain electrode is connected to the signal line 401.
- the gate electrode of the drive transistor 405 is connected to the drain electrode of the switching transistor 403, the source electrode is connected to the power supply line 402, and the drain electrode is connected to the lower electrode that is the anode of the organic EL element 406.
- the upper electrode that is the cathode of the organic EL element 406 is grounded.
- a storage capacitor 404 is connected between the gate electrode and the drain electrode of the driving transistor 405.
- the switching transistor 403 when the voltage of the scanning signal is applied to the scanning line 400, the switching transistor 403 is turned on, the holding capacitor 404 is charged by the signal voltage applied from the signal line 401, and the driving transistor 405 is turned on. It becomes. Then, a current corresponding to the conductivity of the drive transistor 405 determined by the voltage of the storage capacitor 404 flows from the power supply line 402 to the organic EL element 406 and emits light.
- the pixel circuit of the organic EL display shown in FIG. 4 shows a basic example, and the pixel circuit in the present invention is not particularly limited to that shown in FIG. Can be used.
- FIG. 5 is a process diagram for explaining the manufacturing process of the organic EL display.
- This embodiment includes a step S1 for forming a gas barrier layer, a step S2 for forming a thin film transistor, and a step S3 for forming an organic EL element portion.
- step S ⁇ b> 1 of forming the gas barrier layer the transparent plastic substrate 100 has a long roll shape, and the gas barrier layers 101 a and 101 b are formed on the transparent plastic substrate 100.
- step S2 of forming a thin film transistor a nonmetallic element having a ratio of N to O (N number density / O number density) of 0 to 2 in a mixture of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) is formed on the gas barrier layer 101a.
- the active layer 203 including it is formed by a sputtering method.
- step S3 for forming the organic EL element portion the lower electrode 301 that is the anode of the organic EL element A, the hole transport layer 302, the light emitting layer 303, the electron transport layer 304, and the cathode of the organic EL element A.
- the upper electrode 305 is formed, and at least the lower electrode 301, the organic layer including at least the light emitting layer 303, and the upper electrode 305 are formed on a transparent plastic substrate.
- a transparent resin film can be used, and the type thereof is not particularly limited.
- suitable plastic films include polycarbonate, polysulfone resin, olefin resin, and cyclic polyolefin resin.
- the thickness of the plastic film substrate 3a is, for example, about 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
- planarization layer 300 a photosensitive transparent resin is formed by a spin coat method, a slit coat method, an ink jet method or the like.
- the thickness of the planarizing layer is, for example, about 100 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- connection portion 205 is provided with an opening by a photolithography method or the like when forming the planarization layer 300, and is formed at the same time when the lower electrode 301 of the organic EL element is formed.
- the lower electrode 301 is an anode of an organic EL element, and a transparent thin film such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) is formed by sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, or the like. Form.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- ZnO zinc oxide
- ITO is preferable from the viewpoint of high transparency, high conductivity, and the like.
- the thickness of these electrodes is, for example, about 50 nm to 200 nm.
- the hole transport layer 302 As the hole transport layer 302, the light emitting layer 303, and the electron transport layer 304, conventionally known organic EL element materials can be used as they are.
- the upper electrode 305 is formed by depositing lithium fluoride (LiF) and aluminum (Al) to a thickness of 5 nm to 20 nm and 50 nm to 200 nm, respectively, by vacuum deposition.
- LiF lithium fluoride
- Al aluminum
- the organic layer of the organic EL element is configured to have a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer.
- a hole transport layer a hole transport layer
- a light emitting layer a hole transport layer
- an electron transport layer a hole transport layer
- other hole injection layers, electron transport layers, hole block layers, electron block layers, and the like are used.
- a conventionally known organic layer may be selected.
- a method for forming the organic layer a method suitable for the material to be used and the laminated structure, such as a vacuum deposition method or a coating method, can be used.
- the active layer 203 is formed by the sputtering apparatus shown in FIGS.
- the sputtering apparatus 21 includes roll winding mechanisms 22a and 22b, a feeding mechanism 23, a winding mechanism 24, an alignment mechanism 25, and metal targets 26a and 26b.
- a holding vacuum chamber 27 is provided.
- This vacuum chamber 27 has opening / closing doors 27a, 27b on the roll winding mechanisms 22a, 22b side, opens / closes the opening / closing door 27a, sets a roll-shaped film substrate P, opens / closes the opening / closing door 27b, and the active layer 203 is formed.
- the provided roll-shaped film substrate P is taken out.
- the roll-shaped film substrate P has barrier layers 101a and 101b formed on both surfaces of the plastic substrate 101, and has an alignment pattern A as shown in FIG.
- the roll winding mechanism 22a mounts the roll-shaped film substrate P on the rotation shaft 22a1, the rotation shaft 22a1 rotates by feeding the roll-shaped film substrate P, and the roll winding mechanism 22b causes the roll-shaped film substrate P to rotate on the rotation shaft 22b1.
- the rotating shaft 22b1 is rotated by winding the roll-shaped film substrate P.
- the delivery mechanism 23 has a pair of delivery rollers 23a, and feeds the roll-shaped film substrate P from one end along the longitudinal direction by the rotation of the pair of delivery rollers 23a.
- the winding mechanism 24 has a pair of winding rollers 24b and winds the roll-shaped film substrate P from one end along the longitudinal direction by the rotation of the pair of winding rollers 24b.
- the alignment mechanism 25 includes a detection sensor 25a, a control device 25b, and a roller drive device 25c.
- the detection sensor 25a detects the alignment pattern A of the roll film substrate P, and sends this detection information to the control device 25b.
- the control device 25b controls the feeding mechanism 23 and the winding mechanism 24 through the roller driving device 25c, and performs planar alignment of the roll-shaped film substrate P.
- the inside of the vacuum chamber 27 is in a vacuum state by being driven by a vacuum pump 28, and a gas introduction mechanism 29 is provided in the vacuum chamber 27. To introduce.
- the metal targets 26 a and 26 b face the semiconductor forming surface of the roll film substrate P and are arranged at linear positions along the length of the roll film substrate P.
- the metal target 26a is a metal element target, and the metal target 26ba is a semi-metal element target.
- the sputtering apparatus 21 uses metal mixtures 26a and 26b as a single target, which is a mixture of a plurality of elements including at least one of a nonmetallic element, a metallic element, and a semimetallic element, but the metallic target 26a. , 26b is a very good target.
- the sputtering apparatus 21 introduces the atmospheric gas containing the nonmetallic element into the vacuum chamber 27 by the gas introduction mechanism 29, and the metal element or metalloid element of the metal targets 26 a and 26 b or these elements into the vacuum chamber 27.
- a high voltage is applied to the metal targets 26 a and 26 b through the electrodes by arranging a plurality of metal targets containing a mixture of the above, atoms on the surface of the metal target are repelled and an atmospheric gas containing a nonmetallic element introduced into the vacuum chamber 27 Then, the active layer 203 can be formed on the roll-shaped film substrate P by reacting with the repelled metal.
- the roll-shaped film substrate P is not particularly heated or cooled and is placed at room temperature (however, a high voltage is applied to the metal targets 26a and 26b and reaction with flying atoms is performed. Therefore, it is considered that there is a natural temperature rise of several tens of degrees Celsius).
- the pressure in the vacuum chamber 27 during film formation is about 0.5 Pa, and the partial pressure of the atmospheric gas supplied from the gas introduction mechanism 29 is about 0.005 Pa.
- the film forming power when a high voltage is applied to the metal target is about 2 W / cm 2 .
- the active layer 203 can be formed by a low temperature process, and a low process cost can be realized.
- the active layer 203 can realize a relatively high field effect mobility, and can manufacture a thin film transistor B having stable characteristics against light and heat.
- the active layer 203 can freely control the band gap, and the thin film transistor B capable of increasing the field effect mobility can be manufactured.
- the sputtering apparatus 21 includes a vacuum chamber 27 that holds all the mechanisms inside, and can roll up from a roll state to a feed roll state at the time of manufacture, thereby realizing a low process cost.
- the sputtering apparatus 21 introduces an atmospheric gas containing a non-metallic element into the vacuum chamber 27, has a plurality of metal targets 26a and 26b containing a metal element, a semi-metal element, or a mixture thereof, and the metal targets 26a and 26b. Are arranged at linear positions along the length of the roll-shaped film substrate P, and the active layer 203 having a uniform property can be formed in the roll-shaped film substrate P.
- the sputtering apparatus 21 uses a mixture obtained by mixing a plurality of elements including at least one of a non-metallic element, a metallic element, and a semi-metallic element as a single target, and makes the properties of the active layer 203 more uniform. Sputtering process costs can be reduced.
- the substrate is flexible, which is suitable for a flexible display.
- the display is an organic EL display
- the organic display is an all-solid-state element, has no visual field dependency of characteristics, and is suitable as a flexible display.
- the organic EL display C has a short side length of 465 mm or more on the display screen.
- Low-temperature P-Si TFTs can be applied to large-screen, high-definition organic EL displays, but the size of the display screen using low-temperature P-Si TFTs requires a laser annealing device, which is an expensive manufacturing device. Due to the limitation of the size of the device, mass production is impossible unless the short side is 465 mm or less.
- the thin film transistor B enables a display screen manufacturing device having a short side of 465 mm or more at a relatively low cost.
- the thin film transistor B is transparent, and a part of the organic EL element A is continuously two-dimensionally on the thin film transistor B through the planarization layer 300 which is a transparent insulating layer.
- the electrode of the organic EL element A is transparent.
- the thin film transistor B is directly formed on the plastic substrate P.
- the substrate is flexible, it is suitable for a flexible display.
- the organic display is an all-solid-state element, has no visual field dependency of characteristics, and is suitable as a flexible display.
- the thin film transistor B has a glass substrate 600, and a thin film transistor that requires a high-temperature process that cannot be directly formed on the plastic substrate P is separately manufactured on the glass substrate 600.
- the adhesive layer or the adhesive layer can be used by being attached to the plastic substrate P. In this case, if the glass substrate 600 is etched with hydrogen fluoride water or the like or polished with an abrasive to reduce the thickness, the thickness of the device can be reduced.
- the second embodiment is configured in the same manner as the first embodiment, but in step S3 of forming the organic EL element portion, the organic EL element A is at least red (R), green (G), A step of forming a layer emitting light of the three primary colors of blue (B).
- the organic EL element A is at least red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
- R red
- G green
- B blue
- the light emission of the organic EL element A is directly applied as it is. Since it is used for display, it is preferable to use light emission in the full color display system because it has the highest use efficiency.
- RGB white (W), yellow (Y), cyan (C), etc. are added to four to six colors. A configuration in which a color emits light may be used.
- the organic EL element A is a step of forming at least a white light emitting layer and a color filter layer.
- the white light emitting layer and the color filter layer without emitting light of three primary colors or four to six colors.
- the light emitting layer since the light emitting layer only needs to form a single white light emitting layer, it is not necessary to form the light emitting layer separately for each light emitting color, the number of processes is small, and the manufacturing apparatus is simpler and less expensive. There is an effect that it can be manufactured, and full-color display is performed by transmitting light from the white light emitting layer through the color filter layer as in a color liquid crystal panel.
- the present invention is particularly applicable to an organic EL display driven by a thin film transistor having an active layer containing a nonmetallic element using a plastic substrate and a method for manufacturing the organic EL display, and has a large screen and high definition using the plastic substrate. It is possible to manufacture an organic EL display using an organic EL display and a roll-like long plastic substrate.
- a Organic EL element B Thin film transistor C Organic EL display P Roll film substrate DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Plastic substrate 101a, 101b Gas barrier layer 200 Gate electrode 201 Gate insulating layer 202 Source electrode 203 Active layer 204 Drain electrode 205 Connection part 300 Planarization layer 301 Lower electrode 302 Hole transport layer 303 Light emitting layer 304 Electron transport layer 305 Upper electrode 303r Light emitting layer emitting red light 303g Light emitting layer emitting green light 303b Light emitting layer emitting blue light 400r Color filter layer transmitting red light 400g Color filter layer transmitting green light 400b Color filter layer transmitting blue light 400 bk Black matrix layer for separating each pixel 600 Glass substrate 400 Scan line 401 Signal line 402 Power line 403 Switching transistor 404 Retention capacitance 405 Drive transistor 406 Existence EL element 21 sputtering device 22a, 22b roll winding mechanism 23 feeding mechanism 24 winding mechanism 25 positioning mechanism 26a, 26b metal target 27 vacuum chamber 29 the gas introduction mechanism
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Abstract
Description
前記下部電極と、前記薄膜トランジスタのソース電極またはドレイン電極とが接続され、
前記プラスチック基板は、ガスバリア層を有し、
前記薄膜トランジスタは、前記ガスバリア層上に形成され、
前記薄膜トランジスタは、酸素(O)と窒素(N)の混合物でOに対するNの比(N数密度/O数密度)が0乃至2である非金属元素を含む活性層を有し、
前記有機EL素子は、少なくとも前記ガスバリア層上または前記薄膜トランジスタ上に形成されていることを特徴とする有機ELディスプレイである。
前記有機EL素子の一部は、透明な絶縁層を介して前記薄膜トランジスタの上に二次元的に連続して形成され、
前記有機EL素子の前記下部電極は、透明であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELディスプレイである。
透明なプラスチック基板上に、少なくとも下部電極、少なくとも発光層を含む有機層、及び上部電極を形成する有機EL素子部の形成工程、
前記透明なプラスチック基板が長尺なロール状であって、前記透明なプラスチック基板上にガスバリア層を形成する工程、
前記ガスバリア層上に、酸素(O)と窒素(N)の混合物でOに対するNの比(N数密度/O数密度)が0乃至2である非金属元素を含む活性層をスパッタ方式で形成する薄膜トランジスタの形成工程、
前記有機EL素子を、少なくとも前記ガスバリア層上または前記薄膜トランジスタ上に形成する工程
を有することを特徴とする有機ELディスプレイの製造方法である。
(第1の実施の形態)
図1は第1の実施の形態の有機ELディスプレイを示す概略断面図である。第1の実施の形態の有機ELディスプレイCは、透明なプラスチック基板100上に、少なくとも下部電極、少なくとも発光層を含む有機層、及び上部電極が形成された有機EL素子A、及び薄膜トランジスタBを有する。透明なプラスチック基板100は、上面にガスバリア層101aが形成され、下面にガスバリア層101bが形成されている。
活性層203は、金属原料(In2O3, SnO2)と絶縁体原料(Si3N4)の組み合わせから作製する。金属原料は窒化物を用いようとしてもそれ自体が初めから絶縁体なので、他の絶縁体原料といくら混ぜても半導体は形成できない。このため、金属原料はそれ自体が金属である酸化物を用いる。これに対し、絶縁体原料に窒化物を用いると、両者を混ぜて作製される半導体は酸素(O)と窒素(N)の両方を含む酸窒化物の混合物となる。混合の様子を次の式で表す。正負の価数が釣り合う条件で混合比x、yを決めることができる。
O=12~18 (典型値17)
N=0~24(典型値12)となる。
図2は第2の実施の形態の有機ELディスプレイを示す概略断面図である。この第2の実施の形態の有機ELディスプレイは、第1の実施の形態と同じ構成は同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。この第2の実施の形態では、有機EL素子Aが、赤色を発光する発光層303r、緑色を発光する発光層303g、青色を発光する発光層303bを有する。この赤色を発光する発光層303r、緑色を発光する発光層303g、青色を発光する発光層303bに対応して有機EL素子Aの陽極である下部電極301を分割すると共に、薄膜トランジスタBを配置して設け、下部電極301と薄膜トランジスタBのドレイン電極204は接続部205により電気的に接続されている。
図3は第3の実施の形態の有機ELディスプレイを示す概略断面図である。この第3の実施の形態の有機ELディスプレイは、第1の実施の形態及び第2の実施の形態と同じ構成は同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。この第3の実施の形態では、有機EL素子Aが、白色を発光する発光層303wを有し、さらに赤色の光を透過するカラーフィルター層400rと、緑色の光を透過するカラーフィルター層400gと、青色の光を透過するカラーフィルター層400bと、各画素を分離するブラックマトリクス層400bkとを有する。
(有機ELディスプレイの駆動)
次に、図1、図2及び図3のそれぞれの実施の形態の駆動について説明する。図4は薄膜トランジスタを用いたアクティブマトリクス駆動方式による、本発明の有機ELディスプレイの画素回路図である。
(第1の実施の形態)
図5は有機ELディスプレイの製造工程を説明する工程図である。この実施の形態では、ガスバリア層を形成する工程S1、薄膜トランジスタを形成する工程S2、有機EL素子部を形成する工程S3を有する。ガスバリア層を形成する工程S1では、透明なプラスチック基板100が長尺なロール状であって、透明なプラスチック基板100上にガスバリア層101a,101bを形成する。
第2の実施の形態は、第1の実施の形態と同様に構成されるが、有機EL素子部を形成する工程S3では、有機EL素子Aは、少なくとも赤色(R)、緑色(G)、青色(B)の3原色を発光する層を形成する工程を有する。有機ELディスプレイCでフルカラー表示する場合、少なくとも赤色(R)、緑色(G)、青色(B)の3原色が発光できる構成である必要があり、この場合、有機EL素子Aの発光をそのまま直接表示に使用するので、フルカラー表示の方式の中では、発光の利用効率は最も高いので好ましく、RGBの他、白色(W)や黄色(Y)、シアン(C)などを加えた4色ないし6色が発光する構成でも良い。
第3の実施の形態も第1の実施の形態と同様に構成されるが、有機EL素子部を形成する工程S3では、有機EL素子Aは、少なくとも白色発光層とカラーフィルター層を形成する工程を有する。3原色ないし4色~6色の発光をさせないで、白色発光層とカラーフィルター層とでフルカラー表示することも可能である。この場合、発光層は単一の白色発光層のみを形成すれば良いので、発光層を発光色別に分離して形成する必要がなく、工程数が少なく、製造装置もよりシンプルで安価な装置で製造可能という効果があり、フルカラー表示は、カラー液晶パネルのように、白色発光層からの光を、カラーフィルター層を透過させることにより行う。
B 薄膜トランジスタ
C 有機ELディスプレイ
P ロール状フィルム基板
100 プラスチック基板
101a、101bガスバリア層
200ゲート電極
201ゲート絶縁層
202ソース電極
203 活性層
204 ドレイン電極
205 接続部
300 平坦化層
301 下部電極
302 正孔輸送層
303 発光層
304 電子輸送層
305 上部電極
303r 赤色を発光する発光層
303g 緑色を発光する発光層
303b 青色を発光する発光層
400r 赤色の光を透過するカラーフィルター層
400g 緑色の光を透過するカラーフィルター層
400b 青色の光を透過するカラーフィルター層
400bk 各画素を分離するブラックマトリクス層
600 ガラス基板
400 走査ライン
401 信号ライン
402 電源ライン
403 スイッチングトランジスタ
404 保持容量
405 駆動トランジスタ
406 有機EL素子
21 スパッタ装置
22a,22b ロール巻機構
23 送出機構
24 巻取機構
25 位置合わせ機構
26a,26b 金属ターゲット
27 真空チャンバ
29 ガス導入機構
Claims (16)
- 透明なプラスチック基板上に、少なくとも下部電極、少なくとも発光層を含む有機層、及び上部電極が形成された有機EL素子、及び薄膜トランジスタを有する有機ELディスプレイであって、
前記下部電極と、前記薄膜トランジスタのソース電極またはドレイン電極とが接続され、
前記プラスチック基板は、ガスバリア層を有し、
前記薄膜トランジスタは、前記ガスバリア層上に形成され、
前記薄膜トランジスタは、酸素(O)と窒素(N)の混合物でOに対するNの比(N数密度/O数密度)が0乃至2である非金属元素を含む活性層を有し、
前記有機EL素子は、少なくとも前記ガスバリア層上または前記薄膜トランジスタ上に形成されていることを特徴とする有機ELディスプレイ。 - 前記有機ELディスプレイは、表示画面の短辺の長さが465mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELディスプレイ。
- 前記有機EL素子は、少なくとも赤色(R)、緑色(G)、青色(B)の3原色を発光する層を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELディスプレイ。
- 前記有機EL素子は、少なくとも白色発光層とカラーフィルター層とを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELディスプレイ。
- 前記薄膜トランジスタは、透明であり、
前記有機EL素子の一部は、透明な絶縁層を介して前記薄膜トランジスタの上に二次元的に連続して形成され、
前記有機EL素子の前記下部電極は、透明であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELディスプレイ。 - 前記有機EL素子の前記上部電極は、光反射性の電極であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELディスプレイ。
- 前記薄膜トランジスタは、前記ガスバリア層の側に、粘着剤層あるいは接着剤層を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELディスプレイ。
- 前記薄膜トランジスタは、ガラス基板を有することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の有機ELディスプレイ。
- 前記薄膜トランジスタは、前記プラスチック基板上に直接形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機ELディスプレイ。
- 請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の有機ELディスプレイの製造方法であって、少なくとも、
透明なプラスチック基板上に、少なくとも下部電極、少なくとも発光層を含む有機層、及び上部電極を形成する有機EL素子部の形成工程、
前記透明なプラスチック基板が長尺なロール状であって、前記透明なプラスチック基板上にガスバリア層を形成する工程、
前記ガスバリア層上に、酸素(O)と窒素(N)の混合物でOに対するNの比(N数密度/O数密度)が0乃至2である非金属元素を含む活性層をスパッタ方式で形成する薄膜トランジスタの形成工程、前記有機EL素子を、少なくとも前記ガスバリア層上または前
記薄膜トランジスタ上に形成する工程
を有することを特徴とする有機ELディスプレイの製造方法。 - 前記有機ELディスプレイは、表示画面の短辺の長さが465mm以上であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機ELディスプレイの製造方法。
- 前記有機EL素子は、少なくとも赤色(R)、緑色(G)、青色(B)の3原色を発光する層を形成する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機ELディスプレイの製造方法。
- 前記有機EL素子は、少なくとも白色発光層とカラーフィルター層を形成する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機ELディスプレイの製造方法。
- 前記薄膜トランジスタは透明であり、前記有機EL素子の一部は透明な絶縁層を介して前記薄膜トランジスタの上に二次元的に連続して形成し、前記有機EL素子の電極は透明であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機ELディスプレイの製造方法。
- 前記薄膜トランジスタは、予めガラス基板上に形成した後、前記ガラス基板の一部あるいは全部を除去し、粘着剤層あるいは接着剤層を介して前記プラスチック基板上に転写して形成することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機ELディスプレイの製造方法。
- 前記薄膜トランジスタは、前記プラスチック基板上に直接形成することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機ELディスプレイの製造方法。
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