WO2011104278A1 - Kommunikationsnetzwerk für ein spurgebundenes fahrzeug - Google Patents
Kommunikationsnetzwerk für ein spurgebundenes fahrzeug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011104278A1 WO2011104278A1 PCT/EP2011/052686 EP2011052686W WO2011104278A1 WO 2011104278 A1 WO2011104278 A1 WO 2011104278A1 EP 2011052686 W EP2011052686 W EP 2011052686W WO 2011104278 A1 WO2011104278 A1 WO 2011104278A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- area
- region
- track
- communication network
- vehicle
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001618883 Euphorbia uralensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0018—Communication with or on the vehicle or train
- B61L15/0036—Conductor-based, e.g. using CAN-Bus, train-line or optical fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40169—Flexible bus arrangements
- H04L12/40176—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy
- H04L12/40182—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy by using a plurality of communication lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L2012/40267—Bus for use in transportation systems
- H04L2012/40293—Bus for use in transportation systems the transportation system being a train
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a track-bound driving ⁇ imaging, in particular rail vehicle, with several wagons and a communication network for the transmission of data signals, which comprises two extending through the carriage of the vehicle Lei ⁇ obligations.
- Such a track-guided vehicle on the rails ⁇ vehicle with several cars and an Ethernet-based communication network for example, from the article "Information and control technology in rail vehicles; Barbara Schmitz; electronics industry 8/9 - 2008, pages 20 to 22 "known.
- the present invention is based on the object a track-bound vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, with several wagons and a communication network for the transmission of data signals, which comprises two extending through the carriage of the vehicle lines indicate the point of ⁇ Lich of the structure of the communication network particularly pre- Partly.
- a track-guided vehicle, insbeson ⁇ particular rail vehicle, with several car and a communi ⁇ cation network for transmission of data signals which comprises two extending through the carriage of the vehicle lines, according to the invention in that in the carriage each egg ⁇ ne of Lines in a first region and the other of the lines in a spatially separated second region extends in at least one of the carriages the course of the respective one line from the first region to the second region and the course of the respective other line from the second region changes into the first area and in the first area network components are provided for refreshing the data signals transmitted in the lines.
- the track-bound vehicle is thus designed such that in each of the carriages one of the lines runs in a first area and the other of the lines runs in a second area which is spatially separate therefrom.
- the network components for refreshing the data signals transmitted in the lines can be implemented in different ways. Ultimately, this is only important that the corresponding network component one
- Refresh or regeneration of the transmitted data signals performs such that in particular a Reali ⁇ tion of required in the track-bound vehicle length of the lines is made possible.
- Crossing of the two lines from the first to the second area and vice versa can in the context of the present invention in one of the carriages, i. once, or in several of the carriages, i. repeated, done.
- the decisive factor here is merely that at least one corresponding intersection is present and in the first region at least two network components are arranged such that a total of both a refresh of the data transmitted in one line and the other line data signals is effected.
- the track-bound vehicle according to the invention may be, for example, a rail vehicle of any kind, i.
- a railcar for example, a railcar, a locomotive, a street or light rail, a subway, a freight train, a group of unpowered cars for passenger transport or a
- the track-bound vehicle according to the invention can be embodied, for example, as a magnetic levitation train or track-guided vehicle with rubber wheels.
- the communication network of the rail vehicle according to the invention can serve, for example, the door control, the air conditioning control, the transmission of announcements, the fire alarm and / or the drive and brake control, wherein the corresponding systems are usually connected only to one of the two lines of the communication network ⁇ sen are.
- the change of the lines between the first area and the second area can take place at any desired point or anywhere in the vehicle.
- an ent ⁇ speaking crossing point seen in the vehicle longitudinal direction is provided in the region of the respective car center.
- the vehicle according to the invention is further formed ⁇ such that the transition from at least one of the car to at least one adjacent the car, the course of the respective one lines from the first area of a car in the second area of the adjacent car and the course of the other Line changes from the second area of a car in the first area of the adjacent car.
- the track-bound vehicle according to the invention is manufactured ⁇ tet, that at each transition from one of the car to an adjacent car of the vehicle, the course of the respective one line from the first area to the second area and the course of the respective another line changes from the second area to the first area, and in each case at least one network component is provided in the first area of each of the carriages of the vehicle for refreshing the data signals transmitted in the respective line.
- the two lines in adjacent cars each run in different areas, ie that there is a corresponding crossing point at each transition from a car to an adjacent car.
- each of the two lines in each second carriage has at least one corresponding network component, thereby ensuring that it is inadmissible long lengths of INTR ⁇ gen or Doomed? ⁇ gently through appropriate cable lengths interference or distortion of the transmitted data signals are reliably avoided.
- the inventive track-bound vehicle such from ⁇ designed that the first region and the second region are each formed as separate fire zones in the car. This is advantageous since it thus nication network a particularly reliable fire protection is possible. If, for example, due to a fire a public address system, which is connected to one of the two lines Lei ⁇ lines, fails, so by the formation of the first area and the second area as a separate
- Fire sections with high reliability ensure that systems connected to the lines running in the other area continue to be functional at least for a minimum duration to be guaranteed.
- the first region and the second region in the carriage of the vehicle can respectively corresponding to each ⁇ assimila requirements and boundary conditions are selected.
- the areas are arranged on different sides of the carriages or at different heights within the carriages.
- the first area is an inner area of the roof of the respective car and the second area is an underfloor area of the respective car.
- the first area is an inner area of the roof of the respective car and the second area is an underfloor area of the respective car.
- This is advantageous because the interior of the roof and the underfloor area of the car are separated from the passenger compartment, so that on the one hand avoided damage to the lines and on the other hand there is a necessary separation for fire protection reasons.
- Due to the fact that an arrangement of network components is advantageously not required in the second area, ie in the underfloor area of the respective wagon, there is also the advantage that no power supply facilities are required which would normally be arranged in the vehicle interior. resulting in corresponding disadvantages in terms of fire safety would erge ⁇ ben.
- the communication network can basically be a communication network of arbitrary technology known per se. This includes communication networks under ⁇ remedyaji topologies and different technologies, both in terms of hardware and in terms of the protocols used, one.
- the communication network is a communications network in accordance with the Ethernet
- this has the advantage that it concerns with Ethernet to a funda ⁇ constricting, widely used technique for transmitting sig ⁇ tional.
- the communication network of the track-bound vehicle according to the invention can be a component of a vehicle-wide train bus
- a train can be used to transmit information between the vehicles of a train, for example, a train may consist of a train of several locomotives.
- the inventive track-bound vehicle such from ⁇ designed such that the two lines of the communication network are connected to the ends of the vehicle respectively to a serving for Anbin- dung of the communication network to another vehicle network element.
- track-bound vehicle of the invention is such forms ⁇ out that the communications network is a vehicle bus.
- a vehicle bus is understood to mean such a bus system which serves for communication or data transmission within a vehicle which is not separated in the usual operating procedure.
- the track-bound vehicle according to the invention can also be developed in such a way that the two lines of the communication network are interconnected to form a ring structure.
- This offers the advantage that the effect a Redun ⁇ impedance is ensured within the communication network, that a single fault nikationsnetztechnik an exchange of data or the transmission of data signals via the communication does not completely bring to a standstill.
- the track-bound vehicle according to the invention can also be developed in such a way that the vehicle has at least one further communication network, which is connected to the communication network.
- the communication network is, for example, a vehicle bus
- the further communication network can be designed, for example, as part of a train bus.
- both the communication network and the other communication network can in this case each have two Lei ⁇ obligations, which in the manner described above are crossed in such a way in each case run in the first region or the second region and that network ⁇ plant components for refreshing which in the respective tions transmitted data signals are required only in the first area.
- the network components for refreshing the transmitted data signals can be any network components known per se as such.
- the network components for refreshing the transmitted data signals are repeaters
- ⁇ geous since it is the network components mentioned in particular in the field of Ethernet-based communication networks to widespread, proven and comparatively cost-effective network components, the usual ⁇ include a functionality to the effect that they in the respective line refresh or regenerate transmitted data signals.
- a corresponding refreshing of the data signals may, for example, include the reception of a data signal, its preparation and re-transmission, possibly in an amplified form.
- noise and distortions of the transit time and the pulse shape are thereby removed.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a first exemplary embodiment of the track-bound vehicle according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic sketch of a second embodiment of the inventive spurge ⁇ bound vehicle
- Figure 3 is a schematic sketch of a third embodiment of the invention spurge ⁇ bound vehicle.
- the same reference numerals are used in the figures for the same or essentially the same components.
- FIG. 1 shows in a schematic sketch a first exemplary embodiment of the track-bound vehicle according to the invention.
- a track-bound vehicle 10 which may be, for example, a rail-bound drive ⁇ vehicle, the carriage 11, 12, 13 and 14 has.
- a communication network 20 is provided which comprises two lines 21, 22 extending through the carriages 11, 12, 13, 14 of the vehicle 10 and which serves to transmit data signals.
- the corresponding data signals may, for example, be control information for controlling the doors of the carriages 11, 12, 13, 14, for controlling the brakes, for controlling the drive, for controlling the air conditioning system or also for controlling loudspeaker systems and display units.
- appropriate devices are each connected to one of the two INTR ⁇ gen 21, 22 connected in the communication network 20th
- the lines 21, 22 extend into the carriages 11, 12, 13, 14 in a first region 31, 32, 33, 34 or in a second region 41, 42, 43, 44, respectively.
- FIGS Areas 31, 32, 33, 34, 41, 42, 43, 44 thereby formed in the carriage 11, 12, 13, 14 each as separate fire sections.
- the lines 21, 22 are spatially separated from one another in those areas which in case of fire of the track-bound vehicle 10 and a his car 11, 12, 13, 14 meet certain requirements with regard to preventing the spread of fire.
- the network components 25, 26, 27, 28 for refreshing in the respective Line 21 or 22 transmitted data signals provided.
- a County ⁇ ge of the conduit is advantageously 21 and 22, made possible by corresponding network components 25, 26, 27, 28, which ER- laubt that the lines 21, 22 along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 10 over all the carriages 11, 12, 13, 14 of the vehicle 10 extend.
- the network components 25, 26, 27, 28 may be designed, for example, as repeaters or switches.
- the communication network 20 is a communication network according to the Ethernet technology. Depending on the cables used for transmitting the data or data signals, in this case usually only cable lengths up to a maximum of 100 meters are supported.
- the communication network 20 or ⁇ its lines 21, 22 may also extend over such vehicles 10 that exceed the maximum permissible length.
- the first region 31, 32, 33, 34 are in each case the inner region of the roof of the respective carriage 11, 12, 13, 14.
- This is advantageous because installation space for cable laying is usually available here is, which is usually already designed as a separate fire section.
- the second Be ⁇ rich 41, 42, 43, 44 may advantageously Unterflurbe- area of the respective carriage 11, 12, 13, 14 arranged Bezie ⁇ hung, be formed.
- the corresponding area is usually already out as a separate fire section ⁇ forms or due to the existing separation to the passenger compartment with relatively little effort as a corresponding fire section executable.
- FIG 1 can vorteilhafter-, an arbitrary number of cars in the manner shown with the lines 21, 22 of the communication ⁇ network 20 are supplied.
- each further fire sections 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 are provided, in which the intersection of the lines 21, 22 are. So it is conceivable, for example, that the lines 21, 22 each extend laterally in the region of the actual wagon transitions and, after the transition to the adjacent wagon has been completed, continue in each case in the other area.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic sketch of a second embodiment of the track-bound vehicle according to the invention, wherein the schematic representation of Figure 2 corresponds We ⁇ sentlichen that of FIG. 1
- the communication network 20 is a communications network in the form of a vehicle bus, which is example ⁇ as a so-called "Consist network” according to the standard IEC can act 61375-1.
- the lines 21, 22 of the communications network 20 are in this case connected to form a ring structure, whereby advantageous ⁇ way legally redundancy and thus to a Reduzie ⁇ tion of the error rate of the communication network is achieved 20th
- the structure of the communication network 20 of Figure 2 substantially corresponds to that of the embodiment shown in Figure 1, so that reference is made in this regard to the corresponding above statements.
- FIG. 3 shows, in a schematic sketch, a third embodiment of the track-bound vehicle according to the invention, the representation of FIG. 3 in its schematic form again corresponding to that of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- a communication ⁇ network that is part of a vehicle cross tensile bus is.
- train bus may be ⁇ example, be a "Train Backbone Network" in accordance with standard IEC 61375-1 act.
- the two lines 21, 22 of the communications network 20 are at the ends of the vehicle 10 respectively to a dung to the Anbin- Communication network 20 connected to another vehicle network element 60, 61.
- the Netzwerkele ⁇ elements 60, 61 may be executed here as a router, for example, and optionally in one of the areas formed by the areas 31 and 41 or 34 and 44 Feuerschbe ⁇ rich arranged
- the network elements 60, 61 make it possible to connect the communication network 20 of the vehicle 10 to the communication network of another vehicle and thus to create a vehicle-comprehensive train bus.
- both a vehicle bus according to the network structure of FIG. 2 and a train bus according to the network structure of FIG. 3 can be present.
- both communication networks, which can be interconnected are each designed in accordance with the embodiments of FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 such that intersections of the respective lines 21, 22 are provided between the carriages 11, 12, 13, 14 ,
- the vehicle 10 has the advantage that the communication network 20 is relatively insensitive to the failure of the power supply in one of the carriages 11, 12, 13, 14 of the vehicle 10, since in each carriage 11, 12, 13, 14 one of the Lei ⁇ obligations 21, 22 does not require active components.
- the comparatively small number of active components required results in an increase in the availability of the communications network 20.
- track-bound vehicle 10 can advantageously be realized with mechanically and electrically identically constructed carriages 11, 12, 13, 14, which results in advantages in terms of costs and outlay in the production and operation of the vehicle 10.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201180010763.9A CN102770325B (zh) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | 用于轨道车辆的通信网络 |
EP11706521.9A EP2539200B1 (de) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Kommunikationsnetzwerk für ein spurgebundenes fahrzeug |
RU2012140747/11A RU2523869C2 (ru) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Коммуникационная сеть для связанного с колеей транспортного средства |
ES11706521.9T ES2621856T3 (es) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Red de comunicaciones para un vehículo guiado mediante railes |
BR112012021560A BR112012021560A2 (pt) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | rede de comunicação para um veículo sobre trilhos |
US13/581,149 US8807486B2 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Communication network for a railborne vehicle |
DK11706521.9T DK2539200T3 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Communication network for a tracked vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010010074.9 | 2010-02-25 | ||
DE102010010074A DE102010010074A1 (de) | 2010-02-25 | 2010-02-25 | Spurgebundenes Fahrzeug |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011104278A1 true WO2011104278A1 (de) | 2011-09-01 |
Family
ID=44276298
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2011/052686 WO2011104278A1 (de) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Kommunikationsnetzwerk für ein spurgebundenes fahrzeug |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8807486B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2539200B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102770325B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112012021560A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010010074A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK2539200T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2621856T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL2539200T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT2539200T (de) |
RU (1) | RU2523869C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011104278A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104782183A (zh) * | 2012-07-17 | 2015-07-15 | 泰雷兹加拿大公司 | 列车内部网络管理系统 |
WO2016026683A1 (de) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brandschutzeinrichtung für ein fahrzeug |
WO2016026651A1 (de) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrzeug |
RU2680206C2 (ru) * | 2014-05-16 | 2019-02-18 | Телевик Рэйл Нв | Система связи для использования в железнодорожном подвижном составе |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011117589A1 (de) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-08 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH | Einheit mit Schaltfunktion für Ethernet |
DE102011089214B4 (de) * | 2011-12-20 | 2024-04-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Kommunikationsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeugkommunikationsnetzwerk und Fahrzeugkommunikationsnetzwerk |
CN103699091B (zh) * | 2013-12-23 | 2016-03-23 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | 一种铁路车辆通信网络 |
JP6391817B2 (ja) * | 2015-05-13 | 2018-09-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 列車内伝送制御システム及び中継装置 |
CN112298222B (zh) * | 2019-07-30 | 2022-12-09 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | 一种轨道车辆及其通信网络 |
CN112737859B (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2023-05-05 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | 车载流量审计和告警联动系统及流量异常判断方法 |
CN113347599B (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2023-02-24 | 交控科技股份有限公司 | 车载网络配置方法及装置 |
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-
2010
- 2010-02-25 DE DE102010010074A patent/DE102010010074A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-02-23 PT PT117065219T patent/PT2539200T/pt unknown
- 2011-02-23 PL PL11706521T patent/PL2539200T3/pl unknown
- 2011-02-23 BR BR112012021560A patent/BR112012021560A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-02-23 RU RU2012140747/11A patent/RU2523869C2/ru active
- 2011-02-23 WO PCT/EP2011/052686 patent/WO2011104278A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-02-23 DK DK11706521.9T patent/DK2539200T3/en active
- 2011-02-23 ES ES11706521.9T patent/ES2621856T3/es active Active
- 2011-02-23 EP EP11706521.9A patent/EP2539200B1/de active Active
- 2011-02-23 US US13/581,149 patent/US8807486B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-23 CN CN201180010763.9A patent/CN102770325B/zh active Active
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Cited By (6)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN104782183A (zh) * | 2012-07-17 | 2015-07-15 | 泰雷兹加拿大公司 | 列车内部网络管理系统 |
RU2680206C2 (ru) * | 2014-05-16 | 2019-02-18 | Телевик Рэйл Нв | Система связи для использования в железнодорожном подвижном составе |
WO2016026683A1 (de) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brandschutzeinrichtung für ein fahrzeug |
WO2016026651A1 (de) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrzeug |
RU178576U1 (ru) * | 2014-08-19 | 2018-04-11 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Транспортное средство |
US10574036B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2020-02-25 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Vehicle with a fireproof electrical network |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2539200A1 (de) | 2013-01-02 |
PT2539200T (pt) | 2017-03-30 |
CN102770325B (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
ES2621856T3 (es) | 2017-07-05 |
PL2539200T3 (pl) | 2017-07-31 |
RU2012140747A (ru) | 2014-03-27 |
DE102010010074A1 (de) | 2011-08-25 |
DK2539200T3 (en) | 2017-04-03 |
EP2539200B1 (de) | 2017-01-11 |
BR112012021560A2 (pt) | 2016-10-25 |
CN102770325A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
RU2523869C2 (ru) | 2014-07-27 |
US20120318930A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
US8807486B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
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