WO2011099489A1 - 溶融塩電池 - Google Patents
溶融塩電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011099489A1 WO2011099489A1 PCT/JP2011/052681 JP2011052681W WO2011099489A1 WO 2011099489 A1 WO2011099489 A1 WO 2011099489A1 JP 2011052681 W JP2011052681 W JP 2011052681W WO 2011099489 A1 WO2011099489 A1 WO 2011099489A1
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- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- molten salt
- container
- power generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/10—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0468—Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0481—Compression means other than compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/399—Cells with molten salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
- H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/103—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
- H01M50/138—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery adapted for specific cells, e.g. electrochemical cells operating at high temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a molten salt battery including a power generation element including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator including a molten salt, and a battery container that accommodates the power generation element.
- Patent Document 1 the flow of sulfur flowing into the molten sodium electrode through a crack in the safety tube by filling a flow resistance member inside and outside the safety tube provided in a sodium ion permeable cylindrical bag-shaped solid electrolyte.
- a technique is disclosed in which the speed is reduced, and when the safety pipe is broken due to high temperature corrosion, the speed at which sulfur and sodium sulfide are mixed into the safety pipe is reduced.
- Patent Document 2 a large number of sodium-sulfur batteries are divided into a plurality of battery blocks, and each battery block is detachably housed in a heat insulating container, so that the unit cells can be assembled and assembled at the time of maintenance inspection.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for safely storing an active material leaked from a single cell by providing a passage groove for the active material at the bottom of a container for housing a single cell of a sodium sulfur battery. .
- Patent Document 4 discloses a molten salt battery in which an electrolyte containing molten salt is impregnated in a separator and fixed, and the separator is sandwiched between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, thereby eliminating the need for an active material container. ing.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a molten salt battery that can perform stable charge and discharge, has good space efficiency, and has high energy density. It is in.
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention is a molten salt battery comprising: a power generation element in which a separator containing a molten salt is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and a battery container that houses the power generation element.
- a pressing member is provided on at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode side, and the power generation element is pressed by the pressing member.
- the power generation element is pressed from the positive electrode and the negative electrode side by the pressing member provided in the battery container, even when the positive electrode and the negative electrode expand and contract in the thickness direction due to charge and discharge, The pressing force from the negative electrode is kept substantially constant.
- a separator containing a molten salt is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power generation element and accommodated in the battery container, and the shape of the separator can be matched to the shape of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Increased freedom of shape.
- a molten salt battery according to the present invention is a molten salt battery comprising: a power generation element in which a separator containing a molten salt is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and a battery container that houses the power generation element.
- the bent portion along the circumferential direction of the peripheral surface of the battery container having the axial direction as the direction in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode face each other is bent, and expands and contracts according to the expansion and contraction of the power generation element with respect to the axial direction. Therefore, even when the positive electrode and the negative electrode expand and contract due to charge / discharge, the pressing force from the positive electrode and the negative electrode on the separator is held substantially constant.
- a separator containing a molten salt is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power generation element and accommodated in the battery container. Since the separator can be formed into an arbitrary shape, the flexibility of the shape of the power generation element and the battery container is increased. .
- a molten salt battery according to the present invention is a molten salt battery comprising: a power generation element in which a separator containing a molten salt is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and a battery container that houses the power generation element.
- the power generation element is pressed from at least one of the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode expand and contract due to charge and discharge. Also, the pressing force from the positive electrode and the negative electrode on the separator is kept substantially constant.
- a separator containing a molten salt is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power generation element and accommodated in the battery container. Since the separator can be formed into an arbitrary shape, the flexibility of the shape of the power generation element and the battery container is increased. .
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention is characterized in that the battery container has a convex curved surface on the inner side of at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the pushing margin for the power generation element is secured by the convex curved surface formed on at least one of the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of the battery container, the power generation element is firmly pressed from the battery container.
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention is characterized in that the battery container has a plurality of pressing elements protruding from at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the push margin for the power generation element is secured by the plurality of pressing elements formed so as to protrude to at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode side of the battery container, the power generation element is firmly secured from the battery container. Pressed.
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention includes a transmission member that disperses and transmits a pressing force to at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the transmission force is transmitted to the power generation element by the transmission member on at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode side, the dispersion degree of the pressure with respect to the power generation element is appropriately adjusted.
- the transmission member is inflexible, and is pressurized by the pressing member, the convex curved surface or the pressing element to press at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. It is characterized by that.
- the non-flexible transmission member is pressurized from the battery container side and presses at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the pressing force on the positive electrode and the negative electrode is distributed substantially evenly. For this reason, distortion (wrinkle) hardly occurs in the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the reaction at the positive electrode and the negative electrode accompanying charge / discharge proceeds substantially uniformly.
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention is characterized in that the battery container is electrically connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode.
- the battery container since the battery container is electrically connected to the positive electrode (or negative electrode), the battery container can be used as the positive electrode terminal (or negative electrode terminal) of the battery.
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention is characterized in that the battery container is formed by joining a second container half to a first container half having a rib formed on the positive electrode or negative electrode side.
- the rib is formed in at least one container half of the battery container, the mechanical strength is ensured even when the thickness of the container half is reduced.
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of compartments are formed in the battery container by the ribs, and the power generation element is arranged in each of the plurality of compartments.
- the inside of the battery container is divided into a plurality of sections by ribs, and the power generation element is arranged in each section.
- each power generation element is connected in series, in parallel or in series and in parallel in the battery container, and the battery voltage, capacity or voltage and Capacity can be increased.
- the expansion of each power generation element in the direction toward the rib is constrained by the rib, the plurality of power generation elements are safely accommodated in the respective compartments in the battery container.
- the first container half and the second container half are electrically insulated, and the first container half and the second container half are either the positive electrode or the negative electrode. Each is electrically connected to each other.
- one of the container halves that are electrically insulated from each other is connected to the positive electrode and the other is connected to the negative electrode, so that each of the two container halves is used as the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the battery. be able to.
- the battery container includes a container body having one of peripheral surfaces having an axial direction in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode face each other, and a lid for sealing the opening of the container body. It is characterized by that.
- one of the peripheral surfaces with the positive electrode and the negative electrode facing each other in the axial direction is opened as a container body, and the opening is sealed with a lid, so that the power generation element is placed in the battery container.
- the size of the opening for incorporation can be reduced. Thereby, for example, the O-ring for sealing the opening can be reduced, and the efficiency of housing the power generation element in the battery container is increased.
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention is characterized by containing a power generation element group in which a plurality of power generation elements are stacked.
- the power generation element group in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated via the separator is replaced with one power generation element, a high-voltage battery can be obtained.
- the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector normally provided in each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are made of the same metal, thereby eliminating the possibility of electric contact.
- the molten salt battery according to the present invention is characterized in that the power generation element is formed by winding the positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode.
- the power generation element group in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound via the separator is used as one power generation element, a large-capacity battery can be obtained.
- the pressing force from the positive electrode and the negative electrode on the separator is kept substantially constant even when the positive electrode and the negative electrode expand and contract in the thickness direction due to charge and discharge.
- fluctuations in the amount of cations intercalated or deposited on the positive electrode and the negative electrode are prevented.
- the separator containing the molten salt can be formed in an arbitrary shape, the degree of freedom of the shape of the power generation element in which the separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the shape of the battery container are increased.
- the space efficiency is improved, and the energy is increased accordingly.
- the density can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a battery container of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic plan view of a container half of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic front sectional view of a container half of the molten salt battery according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic plan view of another container half.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic front cross-sectional view of another container half.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- (Embodiment 1) 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 5 is a battery container made of aluminum (hereinafter simply referred to as aluminum), and the battery container 5 has a hollow, substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. Each inner surface of the battery container 5 is subjected to insulation treatment by fluorine coating.
- a power generation element X in which a separator 3 made of glass cloth is interposed between a rectangular flat plate-like positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 is accommodated with the positive electrode 1 facing downward.
- a spring (pressing member) 4a made of corrugated metal is disposed between the top wall 53 of the battery container 5 and the negative electrode 2, and the spring 4a is made of an aluminum alloy and has inflexibility.
- the spring 4a is not limited to a metal spring or the like, and may be an elastic body such as rubber, for example.
- the positive electrode 1 is formed by applying a positive electrode material 12 containing NaCrO 2 as a positive electrode active material and a binder (binder) on a rectangular plate-shaped positive electrode current collector 11 made of aluminum.
- the positive electrode active material is not limited to NaCrO2.
- a negative electrode material 22 containing tin as a negative electrode active material is formed by plating on a rectangular plate-shaped negative electrode current collector 21 made of aluminum.
- the negative electrode active material is not limited to tin, and for example, tin may be replaced with silicon or indium.
- the negative electrode 2 may be applied onto the negative electrode current collector 21 by including a binder in tin powder, for example.
- the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 are not limited to aluminum, and may be, for example, stainless steel.
- the separator 3 is impregnated with an electrolyte.
- an FSI bisfluorosulfonylimide
- TFSI bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide
- each of the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 is connected to a positive electrode terminal 15 and a negative electrode terminal 25 that are provided on the outside of one side surface of the battery container 5 by lead wires 13 and 23.
- the lead wires 13 and 23 are insulated from the battery container 5 by being inserted through hollow insulating members 14 and 24 fitted in fitting holes formed in the one side surface of the battery container 5.
- the battery container 5, the power generation element X, the presser plate 4 b and the spring 4 a are shown as if they are housed in the battery container 5 with a gap therebetween. These are accommodated so as to be in contact with each other without any gap in the vertical direction (hereinafter the same).
- the positive electrode 1 and the separator 3 are in contact with the separator 3 and the negative electrode 2 without any gap (the same applies hereinafter).
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are charged and discharged. Even when the film expands and contracts in the thickness direction, the pressing force from the positive electrode and the negative electrode to the separator is kept substantially constant.
- a rectangular plate-shaped positive electrode and negative electrode are made of a rectangular plate-shaped glass cloth and a separator containing molten salt is interposed to form a power generation element, and the shape of the battery container is matched to the shape of the power generation element Since it has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, the space efficiency is good. Therefore, stable charging / discharging can be performed and the energy density can be increased.
- the pressing force is distributed from the spring to the power generation element by the presser plate provided on the negative electrode side, it is possible to appropriately adjust the degree of dispersion of the pressing force on the power generation element.
- the inflexible presser plate is pressurized from the top wall side of the battery container and presses the negative electrode, the pressing force on the positive electrode and the negative electrode is distributed substantially evenly. Therefore, distortion (wrinkles) hardly occurs in the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the reaction at the positive electrode and the negative electrode accompanying charging / discharging can proceed substantially uniformly.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- 5a is a battery container made of aluminum, and the battery container 5a has a short, hollow, substantially quadrangular prism shape.
- the battery case 5a is formed with a bent portion 510 that is bent outward along the circumferential direction on the peripheral surface 51 having a rounded ridge, and each inner surface is subjected to insulation treatment by fluorine coating.
- a power generation element X in which a separator 3 made of a glass cloth is interposed between a rectangular flat plate-like positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 is accommodated in the battery container 5a with the positive electrode 1 facing downward.
- Each of the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 of the power generation element X is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom wall 52 and the lower surface of the top wall 53a of the battery container 5a. Since the bottom wall 52 and the top wall 53a of the battery container 5a are urged upward and downward by the elastic force of the bent portion 510, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are respectively connected to the bottom wall 52 and the battery container 5a. The top wall 53a is pressed upward and downward.
- the bent portion that is bent outward along the circumferential direction of the peripheral surface of the battery container expands and contracts according to the expansion and contraction of the power generation element in the vertical direction. Even when the negative electrode expands and contracts in the thickness direction due to charge and discharge, the pressing force from the positive electrode and the negative electrode to the separator is kept substantially constant.
- a separator made of glass cloth of the same shape is interposed between the rectangular plate-like positive electrode and negative electrode to form a power generation element, and the shape of the battery container is made into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape according to the shape of the power generation element , Space efficiency will be good. Therefore, stable charge / discharge can be performed and the energy density can be increased.
- the circumferential surface 51 includes 2 bent portions 510 along the circumferential direction. Two or more bent portions 510 may be provided. Moreover, you may make it provide the bellows which a mountain fold part and a valley fold part appear alternately along the circumferential direction of the surrounding surface 51 instead of a simple bending part.
- the bent portion 510 is preferably bent outward in order to avoid contact with the power generation element.
- FIG. 3 and 4 are schematic longitudinal sectional views of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- 5b and 5c are battery containers made of aluminum, and the battery containers 5b and 5c have a hollow, substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the battery container 5b has a convex curved surface 530 formed on the lower surface of the top wall 53b.
- the battery container 5c has a plurality of pressing elements 531 protruding from the lower surface of the top wall 53c.
- the inner surfaces of the battery containers 5b and 5c are subjected to insulation treatment by fluorine coating.
- a power generation element X in which a separator 3 made of glass cloth is interposed between a rectangular flat plate-like positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 is accommodated with the positive electrode 1 facing downward.
- the positive electrode current collector 11 of the power generation element X is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom wall 52 of the battery containers 5b and 5c, and between the negative electrode current collector 21 and the top walls 53b and 53c of the battery containers 5b and 5c.
- a presser plate 4b is interposed.
- the vertical displacement exerted by the negative electrode 2 on the holding plate 4b causes the top walls 53b and 53c to bend in the vertical direction. Therefore, the pressing force with which the top walls 53b and 53c press the negative electrode 2 via the pressing plate 4b is held substantially constant. Further, coupled with the upward bending of the top walls 53b and 53c, the convex curved surface 530 and the pressing element 531 formed on the lower surfaces of the top walls 53b and 53c serve as a pressing allowance for the presser plate 4b. By appropriately setting the curvature and the height of the pressing element 531, the negative electrode 2 is firmly pressed downward through the pressing plate 4b.
- the positive and negative electrodes are charged and discharged because the power generation element is pressed from the positive and negative electrodes by the elastic force of the top wall of the battery case and the reaction from the bottom wall of the battery case. Even when the film expands and contracts in the thickness direction, the pressing force from the positive electrode and the negative electrode to the separator is kept substantially constant. Also, a separator made of glass cloth of the same shape is interposed between the rectangular plate-like positive electrode and negative electrode to form a power generation element, and the shape of the battery container is made into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape according to the shape of the power generation element , Space efficiency will be good. Therefore, stable charge / discharge can be performed and the energy density can be increased.
- a power generation element can be firmly pressed from the battery container.
- At least one of the top wall 53 and the bottom wall 52 of the battery container 5 in the second embodiment is formed like the top walls 53b and 53c in the third embodiment, and at least one of the top wall 53 and the bottom wall 52 is You may make it further press at least one of the negative electrode 2 and the positive electrode 1 through the press board 4b.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a battery container 7 of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the battery container 7 is made of aluminum having a hollow, substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and includes a container body 7 a having an opening 70 on one side surface (one of the peripheral surfaces), and a lid body 7 b made of aluminum and sealing the opening 70. .
- the container body 7a and the inside of the lid body 7b are insulated by fluorine coating. Ring grooves 71a and 71b for sandwiching an O-ring (not shown) are provided on the fitting surfaces of the container body 7a and the lid body 7b.
- the power generation element X shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment, and the spring 4a and the pressing plate 4b to press the power generation element X from above are accommodated with the positive electrode 1 facing downward.
- the power generation element X is accommodated in the battery container 7
- one end of each of the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 is protruded from the front side of the lid 7b by lead wires 13 and 23. And it is connected with the negative electrode terminal 25.
- the insulating members 14 and 24 are omitted.
- At least one of the top wall and the bottom wall of the container body 7a is formed like the top walls 53b and 53c of the third embodiment, and one of the top wall and the bottom wall is connected to the negative electrode 2 and the positive electrode via the push plate 4b. You may make it press at least one of 1.
- FIG. Further, a part of the peripheral surface of the battery container 7 may be bent like the bent portion 510 shown in the second embodiment.
- one of the peripheral surfaces of the battery container is opened to form a container body, and the opening is sealed with a lid, so that the power generation element can be incorporated into the battery container.
- the size of the opening can be reduced. Therefore, for example, the O-ring for sealing the opening can be reduced, and the efficiency of housing the power generation element in the battery container can be increased.
- the fourth embodiment is a form in which the power generation element X is accommodated from an opening 70 provided on one side of the peripheral surface of the battery container 7
- the fifth embodiment is a battery container comprising two container halves. In this form, a plurality of power generation elements X are accommodated.
- 6A is a schematic plan view of a container half of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention
- FIG. 6B is a schematic front sectional view of the container half.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic plan view of another container half
- FIG. 7B is a schematic front sectional view of another container half.
- reference numeral 8 denotes a battery container.
- the battery container 8 has a rectangular shape in a plan view and a container half body 8a in which a side plate portion 83 is provided around a bottom plate portion 82; It comprises a body 8a and another container half 8b fitted through an O-ring 91.
- the container halves 8a and 8b are both made of aluminum. Ring grooves 81a and 81b for sandwiching the O-ring 91 are provided on the fitting surfaces of the container halves 8a and 8b.
- Ribs 84, 84, and 84 are erected on the bottom plate portion 82 of the container half body 8 a so as to divide the bottom plate portion 82 at equal intervals in the lateral direction from the side plate portion 83 on the front side to the side plate portion 83 on the back side. Yes.
- the bottom plate portion 82 is further provided with ribs 85 so as to divide the bottom plate portion 82 at equal intervals in the front-rear direction from the side plate portion 83 on one side to the side plate portion 83 on the other side.
- An insulating member 92 having the same width as that of the ribs 84, 84, 84, 85 is disposed on the upper surface of the ribs 84, 84, 84, 85. The height including the thickness is made substantially equal to the height of the side plate portion 83.
- the battery container 8 is divided into eight sections having the same size.
- the container half 8 a and the container half 8 b are insulated by an O-ring 91 and an insulating member 92.
- the power generation element X shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment, and the spring 4a and the pressing plate 4b that should press the power generation element X from above are accommodated with the positive electrode 1 facing downward.
- the spring 4a and the holding plate 4b with a conductive material, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 of the power generation element X housed in each of the compartments are respectively connected to the container half 8a and the container half 8b. Connected to each other.
- the rib is formed on one container half of the battery container, the mechanical strength is ensured even when the thickness of the container half is reduced. It becomes possible to do.
- the inside of the battery container is divided into eight sections by ribs, and the positive and negative electrodes of the respective power generation elements arranged in each section are connected to each other, a thin and large-capacity battery is obtained. Is possible. Furthermore, since the expansion of each power generation element in the direction toward the rib is restricted by the rib, eight power generation elements can be safely accommodated in each compartment in the battery container.
- the two container halves are insulated from each other by an O-ring and an insulating member, one container half is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the other container half is electrically connected to the negative electrode.
- Each of the two container halves can be used as a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal of the battery.
- the ribs 84, 84, 84, 85 are provided only on the container half 8a, but the ribs may also be provided on the container half 8b.
- the positive electrodes 1 and the negative electrodes 2 of the power generation elements X respectively arranged in the eight sections are connected to each other by the container half body 8a and the container half body 8b.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, the power generation elements X may be connected in series in the battery container 8. In this case, the battery voltage can be increased.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a molten salt battery according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- a power generation element Xa wound with a separator 3a made of glass cloth interposed between a sheet-like positive electrode 1a and a negative electrode 2a is accommodated with the positive electrode 1a facing downward.
- a spring 4a is disposed above the negative electrode 2a in the battery container 5. The spring 4a urges the holding plate 4b to press the negative electrode 2a downward.
- the upper surface of the bottom wall 52 of the battery container 5 is pressed upward.
- the power generation element group in which the sheet-like positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound via the separator is used as one power generation element, a large-capacity battery can be obtained.
- the number of windings of the power generation element is less than one, but the number of windings may be larger than one.
- the spring 4a and the presser plate 4b are provided on the negative electrode 2 and 2a side, but these may be provided on the positive electrode 1 and 1a side, or on both electrode sides. You may do it.
- the power generating element X having the rectangular flat plate-like positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 is accommodated in the battery container, but the power generating element Xa shown in the sixth embodiment is used in the battery container. You may make it accommodate in.
- the power generation element X composed of a pair of the positive electrode 1, the separator 3 and the negative electrode 2 is accommodated in the battery container, but the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are stacked via the separator 3.
- each power generation element X is connected in series, a high-voltage battery can be obtained.
- both the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 that are in contact with each other are made of aluminum, the possibility of electrical contact can be eliminated.
- the inner surface of the battery container is insulated, but this is not a limitation.
- the battery container is electrically connected to the positive electrode 1 (or the negative electrode 2). May be. Thereby, the battery container can be used as a positive electrode terminal (or negative electrode terminal) of the battery.
- the power generation element X or Xa is accommodated in the battery container with the positive electrode 1 or the positive electrode current collector 11a facing downward, but the power generation element X or Xa is turned upside down.
- the battery container may be accommodated.
- a power generation element is configured by interposing a separator made of a rectangular plate-shaped glass cloth and containing molten salt between a rectangular plate-shaped positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the shape of the battery container is substantially It is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the non-flexible presser plate, which is pressurized by the spring arranged on the negative electrode side in the battery container, disperses the pressing force from the spring substantially evenly and presses the negative electrode downward.
- the bottom wall of the battery container presses the positive electrode upward, it can be suitably used for a molten salt battery in which dead space does not occur even when a plurality of batteries are combined and stable charging and discharging can be performed.
Abstract
Description
また、発電要素の正極及び負極間に溶融塩を含むセパレータを介装させて電池容器に収容してあり、セパレータの形状を正極及び負極の形状に合わせることができるため、発電要素及び電池容器の形状の自由度が高まる。
また、発電要素の正極及び負極間に溶融塩を含むセパレータを介装させて電池容器に収容してあり、セパレータを任意の形状に形成できるため、発電要素及び電池容器の形状の自由度が高まる。
また、発電要素の正極及び負極間に溶融塩を含むセパレータを介装させて電池容器に収容してあり、セパレータを任意の形状に形成できるため、発電要素及び電池容器の形状の自由度が高まる。
これにより、1つの電池容器の内部に複数の発電要素が分離して配置されるため、電池容器内で各発電要素を直列、並列または直列及び並列に接続して電池の電圧、容量又は電圧及び容量を高めることができる。また、各発電要素のリブに向かう方向への膨脹が、リブによって拘束されるため、複数の発電要素が電池容器内の各区画に安全に収容される。
これにより、例えば開口部を密閉するためのOリングを小さくすることができ、電池容器への発電要素の収容効率が上がる。
従って、安定した充放電を行うことが可能となる上、セパレータ、正極及び負極の形状を平板状にして電池容器の形状を直方体状にした場合は、スペース効率が良好となって、その分エネルギー密度を高めることが可能となる。
また。以下に示す実施の形態は、本発明を具体化するための溶融塩電池を例示するものであって、本発明は、溶融塩電池を以下の電池には特定しない。更に、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施の形態に記載される部材に特定するものではない。
(実施の形態1)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る溶融塩電池の略示縦断面図である。図中5は、アルミニウム(以下、単にアルミという)からなる電池容器であり、電池容器5は、中空の略直方体状をなしている。電池容器5の各内面は、フッ素コートによって絶縁処理が施されている。電池容器5内には、矩形平板状の正極1及び負極2間にガラスクロスからなるセパレータ3を介装させた発電要素Xが、正極1を下方に向けて収容されている。電池容器5の天壁53と負極2との間には、波板状の金属からなるバネ(押圧部材)4aが配されており、該バネ4aが、アルミ合金からなり非可撓性を有する平板状の押え板(伝達部材)4bを付勢して負極2を下方に押圧させることにより、その反作用で、正極1が電池容器5の底壁52の上面から上方に押圧されるようになっている。バネ4aは、金属製のスプリング等に限定されず、例えばゴム等の弾性体であってもよい。
尚、図1では、電池容器5と、発電要素Xと、押え板4b及びバネ4aとが、互いに隙間を隔てて電池容器5内に収容されているかの如く示されているが、実際には、これらが上下方向に隙間なく接するように収容されている(以下同様)。電池要素X内においても同様に、正極1及びセパレータ3と、セパレータ3及び負極2とが隙間なく接している(以下同様)。
このように、充放電に伴って発電要素Xが上下方向に伸縮する場合であっても、負極2が押え板4bに及ぼす上下方向の変位が、バネ4aが上下方向に伸縮することによって吸収されるため、バネ4aが押え板4bを介して負極2を押圧する押圧力が略一定に保持される。
実施の形態1が、バネ4aの弾性力によって発電要素Xを押圧する形態であるのに対し、実施の形態2は、電池容器の周面に形成された屈曲部が屈伸することによって発電要素Xを押圧する形態である。
図2は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る溶融塩電池の略示縦断面図である。図中5aは、アルミからなる電池容器であり、電池容器5aは、短尺で中空の略四角柱状をなしている。
電池容器5aは、稜に丸みを持たせた周面51に、周方向に沿って外側に屈曲する屈曲部510を形成してあり、各内面には、フッ素コートによって絶縁処理が施されている。電池容器5a内には、矩形平板状の正極1及び負極2間にガラスクロスからなるセパレータ3を介装させた発電要素Xが、正極1を下方に向けて収容されている。発電要素Xの正極集電体11及び負極集電体21の夫々は、電池容器5aの底壁52の上面及び天壁53aの下面と接している。電池容器5aの底壁52及び天壁53aの夫々は、屈曲部510の弾性力によって上方及び下方に付勢されているため、正極1及び負極2の夫々は、電池容器5aの底壁52及び天壁53aから、上方及び下方に押圧されるようになっている。
その他、実施の形態1に対応する箇所には、同様の符号を付して、その詳細な説明を省略する。
従って、安定した充放電を行うことが可能となり、且つエネルギー密度を高めることが可能となる。
実施の形態1が、バネ4aの弾性力によって発電要素Xを押圧する形態であるのに対し、実施の形態3は、電池容器の天壁が有する弾性力によって発電要素Xを押圧する形態である。
図3および図4は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る溶融塩電池の略示縦断面図である。図中5b,5cはアルミからなる電池容器であり、電池容器5b,5cは、中空の略直方体状をなしている。電池容器5bは、天壁53bの下面に凸曲面530を形成してある。また、電池容器5cは、天壁53cの下面に複数の押圧子531を突設してある。電池容器5b,5cの各内面は、フッ素コートによって絶縁処理が施されている。電池容器5b,5c内には、矩形平板状の正極1及び負極2間にガラスクロスからなるセパレータ3を介装させた発電要素Xが、正極1を下方に向けて収容されている。発電要素Xの正極集電体11は、電池容器5b,5cの底壁52の上面と接しており、負極集電体21と、電池容器5b,5cの天壁53b,53cとの間には、押え板4bが介装されている。電池容器5b,5cの天壁53b,53cが有する弾性力によって付勢された押え板4bが負極2を下方に押圧することにより、その反作用で、正極1が電池容器5b,5cの底壁52の上面から上方に押圧されるようになっている。
従って、安定した充放電を行うことが可能となり、且つエネルギー密度を高めることが可能となる。
実施の形態1が、電池容器5内へ発電要素Xを収容する際の開口部の位置を明示しない形態であるのに対し、実施の形態4は、電池容器の周面の一側方に開口を設けてあり、該開口から、負極2及び正極1を上下方向に向けた発電要素Xを収容する形態である。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る溶融塩電池の電池容器7の略示分解斜視図である。電池容器7は、中空の略直方体状をなすアルミからなり、一側面(周面の一方)に開口70を有する容器本体7aと、アルミからなり、前記開口70を封口する蓋体7bとを備える。容器本体7a及び蓋体7bの内側は、フッ素コートによって絶縁処理が施されている。容器本体7a及び蓋体7b夫々の嵌合面には、図示しないOリングを挟装するためのリング溝71a及び71bが周設されている。
従って、例えば開口部を密閉するためのOリングを小さくすることができ、電池容器への発電要素の収容効率を上げることが可能となる。
実施の形態4が、電池容器7の周面の一側方に設けた開口70から発電要素Xを収容する形態であるのに対し、実施の形態5は、2つの容器半体からなる電池容器に複数の発電要素Xを収容する形態である。
図6Aは、本発明の実施の形態5に係る溶融塩電池の容器半体の略示平面図、図6Bは、容器半体の略示正面断面図である。また、図7Aは、他の容器半体の略示平面図、図7Bは、他の容器半体の略示正面断面図である。図中8は、電池容器であり、電池容器8は、平面視が矩形状で底板部82に側板部83を周設してなる容器半体8aと、平面視が矩形板状で前記容器半体8aとOリング91を介して嵌合せしめられる他の容器半体8bとを備える。容器半体8a,8bは、何れもアルミからなる。容器半体8a及び8b夫々の嵌合面には、Oリング91を挟装するためのリング溝81a及び81bが周設されている。
実施の形態1が、矩形平板状の正極1及び負極2を有する発電要素Xを電池容器5内に収容する形態であるのに対し、実施の形態6は、正極、セパレータ及び負極を巻回してなる発電要素を電池容器5内に収容する形態である。
図8は、本発明の実施の形態6に係る溶融塩電池の略示縦断面図である。電池容器5内には、シート状の正極1a及び負極2a間にガラスクロスからなるセパレータ3aを介装させて巻回した発電要素Xaが、正極1aを下方に向けて収容されている。電池容器5内の負極2aの上方には、バネ4aが配されており、該バネ4aが、押え板4bを付勢して負極2aを下方に押圧させることにより、その反作用で、正極1aが電池容器5の底壁52の上面から上方に押圧されるようになっている。
その場合、各発電要素Xが直列に接続されることから、高電圧の電池を得ることが可能となる。また、この場合は、互いに接触する正極集電体11及び負極集電体21の何れもがアルミからなるため、電触の虞をなくすことができる。
これにより、電池容器を電池の正極端子(又は負極端子)とすることが可能となる。
11、11a 正極集電体
2、2a 負極
21、21a 負極集電体
3 セパレータ
4a バネ(押圧部材)
4b 押え板(伝達部材)
5、5a、5b、5c 電池容器
51 周面
510 屈曲部
530 凸曲面
531 押圧子
7 電池容器
7a 容器本体
7b 蓋体
70 開口
8 電池容器
8a、8b 容器半体
84、85 リブ
91 Oリング
X、Xa 発電要素
Claims (14)
- 溶融塩を含んでなるセパレータを正極及び負極間に介装させた発電要素と、該発電要素を収容する電池容器とを備える溶融塩電池において、
前記電池容器内の前記正極及び負極側の少なくとも一方に押圧部材を備え、
該押圧部材で前記発電要素を押圧するようにしてあること
を特徴とする溶融塩電池。 - 溶融塩を含んでなるセパレータを正極及び負極間に介装させた発電要素と、該発電要素を収容する電池容器とを備える溶融塩電池において、
前記電池容器は、前記正極及び負極が対向する方向を軸方向とする筒体であり、
該筒体の周面に、周方向に沿って屈曲しており、前記発電要素の前記軸方向への伸縮に伴って伸縮する屈曲部を形成してあること
を特徴とする溶融塩電池。 - 溶融塩を含んでなるセパレータを正極及び負極間に介装させた発電要素と、該発電要素を収容する電池容器とを備える溶融塩電池において、
前記電池容器は、前記発電要素を前記正極及び負極側の少なくとも一方から押圧するようにしてあることを特徴とする溶融塩電池。 - 前記電池容器は、前記正極及び負極側の少なくとも一方の内側を凸曲面にしてあることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の溶融塩電池。
- 前記電池容器は、前記正極及び負極側の少なくとも一方の内側に複数の押圧子を突設してあることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の溶融塩電池。
- 前記正極及び負極側の少なくとも一方に押圧力を分散伝達する伝達部材を備えることを特徴とする請求項1、4又は5の何れか1項に記載の溶融塩電池。
- 前記伝達部材は、非可撓性を有し、前記押圧部材、凸曲面又は、押圧子から与圧されて前記正極及び負極側の少なくとも一方を押圧するようにしてあることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の溶融塩電池。
- 前記電池容器を前記正極又は負極と電気的に接続してあることを特徴とする請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の溶融塩電池。
- 前記電池容器は、前記正極又は負極側にリブが形成された第1容器半体に、第2容器半体を結合してなることを特徴とする請求項1から8の何れか1項に記載の溶融塩電池。
- 前記リブで前記電池容器内に複数の区画を形成してあり、
該複数の区画の夫々に、前記発電要素を配してあること
を特徴とする請求項9に記載の溶融塩電池。 - 前記第1容器半体及び第2容器半体を電気的に絶縁してあり、
前記第1容器半体及び第2容器半体を前記正極及び負極の何れかに各別に、電気的に接続してあること
を特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の溶融塩電池。 - 前記電池容器は、前記正極及び負極が対向する方向を軸方向とする周面の一方が開口する容器本体、及び該容器本体の開口を封口する蓋体を有することを特徴とする請求項1から8の何れか1項に記載の溶融塩電池。
- 複数の発電要素を積層した発電要素群を収容してあることを特徴とする請求項1から12の何れか1項に記載の溶融塩電池。
- 前記発電要素は、前記正極、セパレータ及び負極を巻回してなることを特徴とする請求項1から12の何れか1項に記載の溶融塩電池。
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CN201180003780XA CN102484288A (zh) | 2010-02-12 | 2011-02-09 | 熔盐电池 |
EP11742232.9A EP2466679A4 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2011-02-09 | FILLED SALT BATTERY |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2011165565A (ja) | 2011-08-25 |
US20120171537A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
TW201140905A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
CA2773266A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
CN102484288A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2466679A4 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
KR20120125221A (ko) | 2012-11-14 |
EP2466679A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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