WO2011089676A1 - アンテナ装置及び無線通信装置 - Google Patents
アンテナ装置及び無線通信装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011089676A1 WO2011089676A1 PCT/JP2010/007373 JP2010007373W WO2011089676A1 WO 2011089676 A1 WO2011089676 A1 WO 2011089676A1 JP 2010007373 W JP2010007373 W JP 2010007373W WO 2011089676 A1 WO2011089676 A1 WO 2011089676A1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
- H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
Definitions
- the present invention mainly relates to an antenna device for a mobile radio communication device such as a mobile phone and a radio communication device including the antenna device.
- the mobile wireless communication devices such as mobile phones are rapidly becoming smaller and thinner.
- portable wireless communication devices have been transformed into data terminals that are used not only as conventional telephones but also for sending and receiving e-mails and browsing web pages on the WWW (World Wide Web).
- the amount of information handled has increased from conventional voice and text information to photographs and moving images, and further improvements in communication quality are required. Under such circumstances, an antenna device capable of switching the directivity has been proposed.
- an antenna device including a rectangular conductive substrate and a flat antenna provided on the substrate via a dielectric is disclosed, and the antenna device is arranged in a predetermined direction. Current is caused to flow in one diagonal direction on the substrate, and current is caused to flow in the other diagonal direction on the substrate by exciting the antenna in a different direction.
- the directivity and polarization direction of the antenna device can be changed by changing the direction of the current flowing on the substrate.
- a foldable portable wireless device having a mechanism that is openable and closable by connecting a first housing and a second housing with a hinge portion, and is provided on a first surface side in the first housing.
- a first plate-like conductor disposed along the length direction of the first housing, and a second surface facing the first surface in the first housing in the length direction of the first housing.
- the second and third plate-like conductors arranged along the second and third plate-like conductors and the phase of feeding the first plate-like conductors with different phases with respect to the phase of feeding the first plate-like conductors
- a portable wireless device including a power feeding unit that selectively feeds a conductor is disclosed.
- the communication performance can be improved by switching the second and third plate conductors in response to a decrease in the reception level.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a portable radio device including a dipole antenna and two power feeding units respectively connected to one of two antenna elements constituting the dipole antenna.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 in the antenna device including the first and second feeding points provided at predetermined positions on the antenna element, the antenna element is located at the first and second feeding points, respectively.
- the antenna elements are excited at the same time through the first and second feeding points so as to operate simultaneously as corresponding first and second antenna parts, respectively, and the antenna element is a predetermined one between the first and second antenna parts.
- an antenna device further comprising electromagnetic coupling adjusting means for generating isolation between first and second feeding points.
- the antenna devices of Patent Literatures 4 and 5 can simultaneously transmit and receive a plurality of radio signals having a low correlation with each other with a simple configuration.
- 3G-LTE 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution
- MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
- MIMO communication a plurality of antennas are provided on each of the transmitter side and the receiver side, and the data rate can be spatially multiplexed to increase the transmission speed.
- MIMO communication since a plurality of antennas are simultaneously operated at the same frequency, electromagnetic coupling between the antennas becomes very strong in a situation where a plurality of antennas are mounted close to each other in a small mobile phone.
- the electromagnetic coupling between the antennas becomes strong, the radiation efficiency of the antennas deteriorates, and accordingly, the received radio waves become weak and the transmission speed decreases. Therefore, an array antenna having a low coupling is required even when a plurality of antennas are arranged close to each other.
- MIMO communication in order to realize space division multiplexing, it is necessary to make a plurality of radio signals transmitted and received have low correlation with each other by making the directivity or polarization characteristic different for each antenna.
- the portable wireless device of Patent Literature 2 requires a plurality of antenna elements (plate-like conductors), so that the structure is complicated. Further, like the antenna device of Patent Literature 1, switching to different directivities is not possible. Even if it is possible, different directivity states cannot be realized simultaneously.
- the portable wireless device of Patent Document 3 cannot switch the directivity, and cannot simultaneously realize different directivity states.
- the antenna devices of Patent Documents 4 and 5 simultaneously transmit and receive a plurality of radio signals having low correlation with each other, they cannot simultaneously realize different directivity states.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to have an antenna device capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving a plurality of radio signals having low correlation with different radiation characteristics while having a simple configuration, and such an antenna device.
- a wireless communication apparatus provided with
- An antenna device includes: In the antenna device provided with the first and second feeding points respectively provided at predetermined positions on the antenna element, The antenna elements are excited simultaneously through the first and second feeding points, respectively, so as to operate simultaneously as first and second antenna portions corresponding to the first and second feeding points, respectively.
- the antenna element has a first portion extending in a predetermined first direction so as to separate the first and second feeding points from each other, and a second direction different from the first direction.
- the slit is Resonating at a predetermined isolation frequency to generate isolation between the first and second feeding points,
- a predetermined current path is formed around the slit,
- the current distribution generated on the current path by exciting the antenna element through the first feeding point is the current distribution on the current path by exciting the antenna element through the second feeding point.
- the different current distributions provide different radiation characteristics.
- the first portion of the slit has an opening at one end and is connected to the second portion of the slit at the other end,
- the second portion of the slit has at least two closed ends;
- the current path around the slit is The electrical length of the current path from the first feeding point side of the opening of the slit to the first closed end of the at least two closed ends is (1/4 + (n1) / 2) ⁇ ,
- a current distribution generated on the current path by exciting the antenna element through a first feeding point has a current antinode in the first closed end;
- the electrical length of the current path from the second feeding point side of the opening of the slit to the second closed end of the at least two closed ends is (1/4 + (n2) / 2) ⁇ ,
- a current distribution generated on the current path by exciting the antenna element through a second feeding point is formed so as to have a current antinode at the second closed end.
- the current distribution generated on the current path by exciting the antenna element through the first feeding point excites the antenna element through the second feeding point.
- the current distribution is substantially inverted with respect to the current distribution generated on the current path.
- the slit is symmetric with respect to an axis passing through the first portion of the slit.
- the slit has a T shape.
- the slit has a Y shape.
- the slit is asymmetric with respect to an axis passing through the first portion of the slit.
- the slit has an L shape.
- the slit is provided with means for adjusting the isolation frequency.
- the means for adjusting the isolation frequency is a reactance element.
- the means for adjusting the isolation frequency is a variable capacitance element.
- the means for adjusting the isolation frequency includes a plurality of reactance elements each having a different reactance value, and a switch that selectively connects any of the plurality of reactance elements. To do.
- the slit is filter means provided at a predetermined distance from the opening of the slit along the slit, and is open at the first frequency, and at a second frequency different from the first frequency. Equipped with filter means to short circuit, The filter means includes At the first frequency, the entire slit is resonated to generate isolation between the first and second feed points, and a current path that is not short-circuited by the filter means is formed around the slit. , At the second frequency, only the part from the opening of the slit to the filter means is resonated to generate isolation between the first and second feeding points, and the filter means is provided around the slit. A short-circuited current path is formed.
- the filter means is configured by connecting a series resonance circuit of a first inductor and a first capacitor and a parallel resonance circuit of a second inductor and a second capacitor in series.
- the filter means is constituted by connecting a series resonance circuit of an inductor and a first capacitor and a second capacitor in parallel.
- the filter means is a band pass filter.
- the filter means is a high-pass filter.
- the filter means is a low-pass filter.
- the filter means is a filter formed by a manufacturing method of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems).
- the antenna device is characterized by comprising impedance matching means for shifting the resonance frequency of the antenna element to the isolation frequency.
- a wireless communication device is a wireless communication device that transmits and receives a plurality of wireless signals, and includes the antenna device according to the aspect of the present invention.
- the antenna device and the wireless communication device of the present invention that can simultaneously transmit and receive a plurality of wireless signals having low correlation with different radiation characteristics with a simple configuration.
- An apparatus can be provided.
- the antenna elements can be operated as a plurality of antenna units, and at the same time, isolation between the plurality of antenna units can be ensured. .
- isolation between the antenna units is ensured, and each antenna unit Thus, the correlation between radio signals transmitted and received can be lowered.
- the antenna device by providing the antenna device with a slit, isolation is provided between the feeding points at a predetermined frequency, and a predetermined current path is formed around the slit.
- the current distribution on the current path generated by exciting through one feeding point is different from the current distribution on the current path generated by exciting through the other feeding point. According to the present invention, it is possible to realize different radiation characteristics for each feeding point by generating different current distributions for each feeding point.
- an antenna device including a single antenna element, transmitting and receiving radio signals of a plurality of channels according to a MIMO communication scheme, simultaneously executing radio communication according to a plurality of applications, or a plurality of It is possible to simultaneously execute wireless communication in a frequency band.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing current amplitude along the current path of FIG. 3. It is a figure which shows the phase characteristic with respect to the azimuth
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structure of the antenna element 102 which concerns on the 1st modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the antenna element 102 which concerns on the 2nd modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the antenna apparatus 101 which concerns on the 3rd modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the antenna element 102 which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic for demonstrating the effect of providing the reactance element 121 in the slit of the antenna element 102. FIG. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of the slit of FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram illustrating a first implementation example of the isolation frequency adjustment circuit 131 in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram illustrating a second implementation example of the isolation frequency adjustment circuit 131 of FIG. 14.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating a first implementation example of the filter circuit 141 of FIG. 17.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating a second implementation example of the filter circuit 141 of FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating a third implementation example of the filter circuit 141 in FIG. 17.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating a fourth implementation example of the filter circuit 141 in FIG. 17.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating a fifth implementation example of the filter circuit 141 in FIG. 17.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating a sixth implementation example of the filter circuit 141 in FIG. 17.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating a seventh implementation example of the filter circuit 141 in FIG. 17.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating an eighth implementation example of the filter circuit 141 in FIG. 17. It is a figure which shows the structure of the antenna element 102 which concerns on the 1st modification of the 4th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing configurations of an antenna device 101 and a radio signal processing circuit 111 of the radio communication device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna device 101 of the present embodiment includes a rectangular antenna element 102 having two different feeding points 104a and 104b, and simultaneously excites the antenna element 102 as a first antenna unit via the feeding point 104a.
- the single antenna element 102 is operated as two antenna parts by exciting the antenna element 102 as the second antenna part via the feeding point 104b.
- the antenna device 101 of the present embodiment further includes the slit S1, thereby providing isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b at a predetermined frequency, and further forming a predetermined current path around the slit S1. And This current path is spread in a predetermined direction (in the case of FIG. 1 in the ⁇ Y direction) so that the radiation characteristic in a certain plane (in the XY plane in the case of FIG. 1) changes according to the current distribution on the current path. Parts separated from each other). The current distribution on the current path generated by exciting through the one feeding point 104a is different from the current distribution on the current path generated by exciting through the other feeding point 104b. According to the antenna device 101 of the present embodiment, it is possible to realize different radiation characteristics for each feeding point by generating different current distributions for each feeding point.
- an antenna device 101 includes an antenna element 102 made of a rectangular conductor plate and a ground conductor 103 made of a rectangular conductor plate, and the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103 overlap each other. Are provided in parallel with a predetermined distance. One side of the antenna element 102 and one side of the ground conductor 103 are provided close to each other, and are mechanically and electrically connected to each other by linear connection conductors 106 and 107. Further, feed points 104a and 104b are provided at predetermined positions on the antenna element 102, and a slit S1 is provided so as to separate the feed points 104a and 104b from each other.
- the slit S1 extends between the side to which the connection conductors 106 and 107 are connected and the opposite side, and a first portion that separates the feeding points 104a and 104b from each other (a portion extending in the Z-axis direction in FIG. 1).
- a portion indicated by reference numeral S1a in FIG. 2 and a second portion extending in a direction different from the first portion (a portion extending in the Y-axis direction in FIG. 1; a portion indicated by reference numeral S1b in FIG. 2) Including.
- the lower end of the first portion of the slit S1 is configured as an open end by having an opening at the substantially central portion of the opposite side of the side to which the connection conductors 106 and 107 are connected, and both ends of the second portion of the slit S2 are Configured as closed end.
- Feed lines F1, F2 are connected to the feed points 104a, 104b through the ground conductor 103 from the back side of the ground conductor 103, respectively.
- the feeder lines F1 and F2 are, for example, coaxial cables having a characteristic impedance of 50 ⁇ , and the signal lines F1a and F2a that are internal conductors thereof are connected to the feed points 104a and 104b, respectively, and the signal lines F1b and F2b that are external conductors thereof.
- F2b is connected to the ground conductor 103 at connection points 105a and 105b, respectively.
- the feed point 104 a and the connection point 105 a serve as one feed port of the antenna device 101, and the feed point 104 b and the connection point 105 b serve as another feed port of the antenna device 101.
- the antenna device 101 is configured as a plate-like inverted F-type antenna device.
- the antenna element 102 is excited as the first antenna portion via the feeding point 104a, and at the same time, the antenna element 102 is excited as the second antenna portion via the feeding point 104b.
- the antenna element 102 can be operated as two antenna portions.
- the feeder line F1 is connected to the switch 113a via an impedance matching circuit (hereinafter referred to as a matching circuit) 112a, and the feeder line F2 is connected to the switch 113b via a matching circuit 112b.
- the switches 112 a and 112 b are either in a state in which the antenna element 102 is directly connected to the modulation / demodulation circuit 118 or in a state in which the antenna element 102 is connected to the modulation / demodulation circuit 118 via the amplitude and phase control circuit 114 according to the control of the controller 119.
- the modulation / demodulation circuit 118 operates as a MIMO modulation / demodulation circuit, and wireless signals of a plurality of channels (two channels in the present embodiment) related to the MIMO communication method are transmitted to the antenna device 101.
- the modulation / demodulation circuit 118 may execute modulation / demodulation of two independent radio signals instead of MIMO modulation / demodulation.
- the radio communication device of the present embodiment simultaneously executes radio communication according to a plurality of applications, It is possible to simultaneously perform wireless communication in a plurality of frequency bands.
- the amplitude and phase control circuit 114 performs adaptive control on the transmitted and received radio signals according to the control of the adaptive control circuit 117.
- the amplitude and phase control circuit 114 includes amplitude adjusters 115a and 115b and phase shifters 116a and 116b.
- the signals received and transmitted through the switches 113a and 113b are input to the amplitude and phase control circuit 114 and to the adaptive control circuit 117, respectively.
- the adaptive control circuit 117 preferably determines the amplitude change amount and the phase shift amount based on the input received signal in order to perform maximum ratio combining, and the amplitude and phase of the signal transmitted via the switch 113a. Are changed by the amplitude adjuster 115a and the phase shifter 116a, and the amplitude and phase of the signal transmitted through the switch 113b are changed by the amplitude adjuster 115b and the phase shifter 116b.
- the received signals after changing the amplitude and phase are combined with each other and input to the modem circuit 118.
- the adaptive control circuit 117 determines the amplitude change amount and the phase shift amount of the transmission signal according to the control of the controller 119 in order to direct the beam in a desired direction, and transmits to the amplitude and phase control circuit 114 according to the determination result. Change the amplitude and phase of the signal.
- the modem circuit 118 is connected to another circuit (not shown) outside the radio signal processing circuit 111 for further processing of signals to be transmitted and received.
- the controller 119 controls the operations of the switches 112a and 112b, the adaptive control circuit 117, and the modulation / demodulation circuit 118 depending on whether the MIMO communication method is used or adaptive control is used.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the slit S1 on the antenna element 102 of FIG.
- the electrical lengths D1, D2 and D3 of the current path (that is, the dimension of the slit S1) are excited through one feeding point 104a, so that an electric current is generated in the vicinity of one of the closed ends B1 and B2 of the slit S1.
- the electrical length D1 is (1/4 + (n1) / 2) ⁇ and the electrical length D2 is (1/4 + (n2) /) with respect to the wavelength ⁇ of the radio wave to be transmitted and received and the predetermined integers n1 and n2.
- a current node is formed in the vicinity of the opening A of the slit S1 (on the feeding point 104a side), and an antinode of current is formed in the vicinity of the closed end B1.
- a current node is formed near the opening A of the slit S1 (on the feeding point 104b side), and a current antinode is formed near the closed end B2.
- the electrical length D3 is preferably ⁇ / 2, or an odd multiple thereof.
- the electrical length D1 + D3 may be (1/4 + (n1) / 2) ⁇ and the electrical length D2 + D3 may be (1/4 + (n2) / 2) ⁇ .
- the shape of the slit S1 and the positions of the feeding points 104a and 104b are preferably configured symmetrically with respect to the center line between the feeding points 104a and 104b.
- the slit S1 is formed in a T shape.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a current path around the slit S1 in FIG.
- the current I1 solid line
- the current I2 broken line
- the antinode of the current I1 is formed in the vicinity of one of the closed ends B1 and B2 of the slit S1
- the antinode of the current I2 is formed in the vicinity of the other of the closed ends B1 and B2.
- the currents I1 and I2 are reversed in the region 201 near the closed end B1
- the currents I1 and I2 are reversed in the region 202 near the closed end B2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the current amplitude along the current path of FIG. 3 in this case.
- the current distribution of the current I1 has a current distribution substantially inverted with respect to the current distribution of the current I2.
- the current distribution of the current I1 is different from the current distribution of the current I2, and different radiation characteristics can be realized by generating different current distributions.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the phase characteristics with respect to the azimuth angle of the antenna device 101 of FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows the phase characteristics of the vertical polarization component with respect to the azimuth angle ⁇ of the horizontal plane (XY plane) for the radiation (solid line) generated from the current I1 in FIG. 3 and the radiation (broken line) generated from the current I2 in FIG. .
- the azimuth angle ⁇ is defined as the direction of rotation from the + X direction to the + Y direction in FIG.
- the phase characteristics of the radiation generated from the current I1 and the radiation generated from the current I2 have a deviation of 180 degrees in the azimuth angle ⁇ .
- the radio corresponding to each of the feeding points 104a and 104b Correlation between signals can be reduced. The greater the distance between the closed ends B1 and B2 of the slit S1 where the antinodes of the currents I1 and I2 are formed, the greater the effect of lowering the correlation.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the effect of providing a slit in the antenna element 102
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the slit in FIG.
- the antenna element 102 is provided with a slit having a length d from the opening A to the closed end B in order to increase the isolation between feeding points (not shown).
- a straight slit is used instead of a T-shape.
- the input impedance Zin can be obtained by the following equation.
- Zin j ⁇ Z0 ⁇ tan ( ⁇ ⁇ d)
- Z0 is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line
- ⁇ is the wavelength.
- the length of the slit S1 is determined so as to adjust these frequencies. Specifically, by providing the slit S1, the resonance frequency of the antenna element 102 itself is lowered. Further, the slit S1 operates as a resonator according to the length of the slit S1. Since the slit S1 is electromagnetically coupled to the antenna element 102 itself, the resonance frequency of the antenna element 102 changes according to the frequency of the resonance condition of the slit S1 as compared to the case where the slit S1 is not provided. By providing the slit S1, the resonance frequency of the antenna element 102 can be changed, and the isolation between the feeding ports can be increased at a predetermined frequency.
- matching circuits 112a and 112b are provided to shift the operating frequency of the antenna element 102 (that is, the frequency for transmitting and receiving a desired signal) from the resonance frequency changed by the slit S1 to the isolation frequency. .
- Providing the matching circuits 112a and 112b affects both the resonance frequency and the isolation frequency, but mainly contributes to change the resonance frequency.
- the antenna element 102 provides isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b and forms a predetermined current path around it.
- the antenna device 101 and the wireless signal processing circuit 111 can simultaneously transmit and receive two wireless signals having a low correlation with different radiation characteristics while having a simple configuration.
- the shapes of the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103 are not limited to rectangles, and may be other polygons, circles, ellipses, or the like. Further, the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103 do not have to be completely overlapped with each other, and may have at least a partially overlapped structure or a dipole antenna structure as described later.
- the resonance frequency of the antenna device 101 can be adjusted by changing the positions of the feeding points 104 a and 104 b and changing the positions of the connection conductors 106 and 107. Further, instead of connecting the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103 by the plurality of connection conductors 106 and 107, they may be connected by a single conductor plate.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of the antenna element 102 according to the first modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the shape of the slit is not limited to the T-shape, and may be, for example, a Y-shaped slit S2.
- the current path is in a predetermined direction (similar to the case of FIG. 1) so that the radiation characteristics in a certain plane (XY plane as in FIG. 1) change according to the current distribution on the current path around the slit S1. In the Y-axis direction).
- the electrical lengths D11, D12, and D13 of the current path (that is, the dimension of the slit S2) are excited through one of the feeding points 104a, so that an electric current is generated in the vicinity of one of the closed ends B11 and B12 of the slit S2. And excited through the other feeding point 104b, it is determined to form a current antinode near the other of the closed ends B11 and B12.
- the electrical length D11 is (1/4 + (n1) / 2) ⁇
- the electrical length D12 is (1/4 + (n2) /) with respect to the wavelength ⁇ of the radio wave to be transmitted and received and the predetermined integers n1 and n2. 2) Set to ⁇ .
- the electrical length D13 is preferably ⁇ / 2, or an odd multiple thereof.
- the electrical length D11 + D13 may be (1/4 + (n1) / 2) ⁇ and the electrical length D12 + D13 may be (1/4 + (n2) / 2) ⁇ . Since the slit S2 is configured as described above, the current distribution on the current path generated by exciting through the one feeding point 104a is generated by exciting through the other feeding point 104b. Different from the current distribution on the current path.
- the antenna device 101 including the antenna element 102 of the present modification different radiation characteristics can be realized for each feeding point by generating different current distributions for each feeding point. Therefore, the antenna device 101 and the radio signal processing circuit 111 including the antenna element 102 according to the present modification can simultaneously transmit and receive two radio signals having low correlation with different radiation characteristics while having a simple configuration.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of the antenna element 102 according to the second modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the shape of the slit is not limited to a symmetric configuration as shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, and may have an asymmetric configuration.
- the electrical lengths D21 and D22 of the current path (that is, the dimension of the slit S3) are excited through one of the feeding points 104a and 104b so as to form a current antinode near the closed end B21 of the slit S3.
- the slit S3 is configured as described above, the current distribution on the current path generated by exciting through one feeding point 104a is generated by exciting through the other feeding point 104b. Different from the current distribution on the current path.
- the antenna device 101 including the antenna element 102 of the present modification different radiation characteristics can be realized for each feeding point by generating different current distributions for each feeding point.
- the current distribution when excited through each feeding point can be made much different than when a symmetrical slit is used.
- the antenna device 101 and the radio signal processing circuit 111 including the antenna element 102 according to the present modified example simultaneously transmit and receive two radio signals having low correlation to each other with different radiation characteristics while having a simple configuration. can do
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of an antenna device 101 according to a third modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna device 101 of this modification is configured as a dipole antenna device instead of the configuration of the inverted F-type antenna device as shown in FIG.
- the antenna device 101 of FIG. 10 includes an antenna element 102 made of a rectangular conductor plate and a ground conductor 103 made of a rectangular conductor plate, and the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103 have one side on each side. Opposing each other, they are juxtaposed at a predetermined distance.
- Two power supply ports are provided on a pair of opposite sides of the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103.
- One feeding port includes a feeding point 104 a provided on the antenna element 102 on the side facing the ground conductor 103 and a connection point 105 a provided on the side facing the antenna element 102 on the ground conductor 103. Including.
- the other feeding port also has a feeding point 104b provided on the antenna element 102 on the side facing the ground conductor 103 and a connection point 105b on the ground conductor 103 provided on the side facing the antenna element 102.
- the antenna element 102 further includes a slit S1 similar to that in the case of FIG. 1 between two feeding ports, that is, between feeding points 104a and 104b.
- One end of the slit S1 is configured as an open end by having an opening in the side between the feeding points 104a and 104b.
- the feed point 104a and the connection point 105a are connected to the matching circuit 112a via the feed line F1.
- the feed point 104b and the connection point 105b are connected to the matching circuit 112b via the feed line F2.
- the feed lines F1 and F2 may each be configured by a coaxial cable having a characteristic impedance of 50 ⁇ .
- the feed lines F1 and F2 may be configured as balanced feed lines.
- the antenna element 102 is excited as the first antenna unit via one feeding port (that is, feeding point 104a) and at the same time the other feeding port (that is, feeding point).
- the single antenna element 102 can be operated as two antenna parts.
- the antenna device 101 can be regarded as a dipole antenna including the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103.
- the ground conductor 103 is excited as a third antenna part through one power supply port (ie, connection point 105a) and simultaneously as a fourth antenna part through the other power supply port (ie, connection point 105b).
- the ground conductor 103 also operates as two antenna portions.
- an image (mirror image) of the slit S1 is formed on the ground conductor 103, high isolation between the feeding ports can be ensured also for the third and fourth antenna portions.
- the first and third antenna units are excited as the first dipole antenna unit via one power supply port, and at the same time, the second and fourth antenna units are connected via the other power supply port.
- a single dipole antenna that is, the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103
- the antenna device of this modification when a single dipole antenna is operated as two dipole antenna units, high isolation between power feeding ports can be ensured while having a simple configuration, and a plurality of radio signals can be secured. Can be sent and received simultaneously.
- the slit may be provided on the ground conductor 103 side instead of being provided on the antenna element 102 side. Instead, the slits may be provided in both the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103. Moreover, it may replace with the slit S1 similar to the case of FIG. 1, and may provide slit S2, S3 of FIG. 8 or FIG.
- the antenna device 101 of FIG. 10 includes a slit S1 that provides isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b and forms a predetermined current path around the antenna element 102, By exciting through each of the feeding points 104a and 104b, different current distributions can be generated for each feeding point on the current path, and different radiation characteristics can be realized for each feeding point. Therefore, the antenna device 101 according to the present embodiment can transmit and receive two radio signals having low correlation with each other with different radiation characteristics at the same time while having a simple configuration.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the antenna element 102 of the wireless communication apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna device of this embodiment is characterized in that a reactance element 121 is provided at a predetermined position along the slit S1 in order to adjust the resonance frequency of the antenna element 102 and the frequency that can ensure high isolation.
- the resonance frequency of the antenna element 102 and the frequency at which high isolation can be secured vary depending on the length of the slit S1, so the length of the slit S1 is It is decided to adjust these frequencies.
- a reactance element 121 that is, a capacitor or an inductor having a predetermined reactance value is provided at a predetermined position along the slit S1.
- the position of the reactance element 121 is determined so as to adjust these frequencies.
- the frequency adjustment amount (transition amount) is maximized when the reactance element 121 is provided in the opening A of the slit S1. From this, after determining the reactance value of the reactance element 121, it is possible to finely adjust the resonance frequency of the antenna element 102 and the frequency at which high isolation can be ensured by shifting the mounting position.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining the effect of providing the reactance element 121 in the slit of the antenna element 102
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the slit of FIG.
- a reactance element 121 having a reactance value Zload is loaded into an opening A of a slit having a length d.
- the equivalent circuit at this time can be expressed in FIG.
- the input admittance Yin viewed from the opening A of the slit can be obtained by the following equation.
- the antenna device provided with the reactance element 121 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 11, and a reactance element may be provided in the antenna element 102 shown in FIGS.
- the antenna element 102 provides isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b and has a predetermined surrounding.
- the slit S1 that forms the current path of the current is provided, and a current distribution different for each feeding point is generated on the current path by exciting through the feeding points 104a and 104b, thereby realizing different radiation characteristics for each feeding point.
- the antenna device 101 and the radio signal processing circuit 111 including the antenna element 102 of the present embodiment by providing the reactance element 121, the resonance frequency of the antenna element 102 and a frequency that can ensure high isolation are obtained. Can be adjusted. Therefore, the antenna device 101 and the radio signal processing circuit 111 including the antenna element 102 of the present embodiment can simultaneously transmit and receive two radio signals having low correlation with different radiation characteristics, while having a simple configuration.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing configurations of the antenna device 101 and the wireless signal processing circuit 111 of the wireless communication device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna device 101 according to the present embodiment includes an isolation frequency adjusting circuit 131 that changes a reactance value under the control of the controller 119, instead of the reactance element 121 according to the second embodiment. Thereby, the antenna apparatus 101 of this embodiment can change the frequency which can ensure high isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a first implementation example of the isolation frequency adjustment circuit 131 in FIG. 14, and FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a second implementation example of the isolation frequency adjustment circuit 131 in FIG. is there.
- a capacitive variable reactance element 132 for example, a variable capacitance element such as a varactor diode
- the reactance value of the variable reactance element 132 changes according to the control voltage applied from the controller 119.
- the isolation frequency adjusting circuit 131 for example, as shown in FIG.
- any one of a plurality of reactance elements 134a, 134b, 134c, and 134d having different reactance values is switched under the control of the controller 119.
- a circuit which is selectively used according to 133 may be used.
- the antenna device 101 of the present embodiment realizes different resonance frequencies of the antenna element 102 by changing the reactance value of the isolation frequency adjusting circuit 131, and provides high isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b at different frequencies. Configured to ensure.
- the controller 119 changes the reactance value of the isolation frequency adjusting circuit 131 and adjusts the operating frequencies of the matching circuits 112a and 112b and the modem circuit 118, thereby changing the operating frequency of the antenna element 102 to the isolation frequency adjusting circuit 131.
- the frequency is shifted to a frequency that can ensure high isolation determined by the reactance value.
- the antenna device 101 can have multiple frequencies with the above configuration.
- the antenna element 102 provides isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b and forms a predetermined current path around it.
- the isolation frequency adjusting circuit 131 it is possible to change the frequency at which high isolation can be secured between the feeding points 104a and 104b. it can. Therefore, the antenna device 101 and the wireless signal processing circuit 111 according to the present embodiment can simultaneously transmit and receive two wireless signals having a low correlation with different radiation characteristics while having a simple configuration.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing configurations of the antenna device 101 and the wireless signal processing circuit 111 of the wireless communication device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna device 101 of the present embodiment is characterized in that different current paths and current distributions are formed around the slit S1 in accordance with the operating frequency. Thereby, the antenna device 101 according to the present embodiment secures high isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b at each of a plurality of frequencies, and simultaneously transmits and receives two radio signals having low correlation with each other.
- the filter circuit 141 includes a filter circuit 141 at a predetermined distance from the opening of the slit S1 along the slit S1, instead of the isolation frequency adjusting circuit 131 of the third embodiment.
- the filter circuit 141 is opened only at a predetermined resonance frequency and short-circuited at other frequencies. At a frequency that coincides with this resonance frequency (hereinafter referred to as a low-frequency side frequency), the filter circuit 141 is opened, the entire slit S1 resonates, and the current path similar to that in FIG. Is formed.
- the filter circuit 141 At a predetermined frequency higher than the resonance frequency (hereinafter, referred to as a high frequency), the filter circuit 141 is short-circuited, and only the section from the opening of the slit S1 to the filter circuit 141 resonates, and the opening (for example, A current path is formed from the power supply point 104a side) to the filter 141 and through the filter circuit 141 back to the opening (for example, the power supply point 104b side).
- the filter circuit 141 changes the electrical length of the slit S1 that resonates (accordingly, the resonance frequency of the antenna element 102 and the frequency at which high isolation can be ensured) according to the operating frequency of the antenna device 101, and the slit circuit 141. The current path and current distribution around S1 are changed.
- the operating frequencies of the matching circuits 112 a and 112 b and the modem circuit 118 change under the control of the controller 119.
- the controller 119 selectively shifts the operating frequency of the antenna element 101 to either the low frequency or the high frequency by adjusting the operating frequencies of the matching circuits 112a and 112b and the modem circuit 118.
- FIGS. 18 to 25 are circuit diagrams showing first to eighth implementation examples of the filter circuit 141 of FIG. 18 and 19 show a case where the filter circuit 141 is configured as a trap circuit.
- the filter circuit 141 may be configured by a filter formed by a manufacturing method of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems).
- the feeding point is provided at each of the low frequency and the high frequency by providing the slit S1 and the filter circuit 141. While ensuring high isolation between 104a and 104b, two radio signals having low correlation with each other can be simultaneously transmitted and received with different radiation characteristics.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a configuration of an antenna element 102 according to a first modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the filter circuit is not limited to the position shown in FIG. 17.
- filter circuits 142 and 143 may be provided close to the closed ends B 1 and B 2, respectively. In order to make the current path and the current distribution asymmetric, only one of the filter circuits 142 and 143 may be provided.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a configuration of an antenna element 102 according to a second modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a configuration of an antenna element 102 according to a third modification example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna element 102 according to these modified examples includes a filter circuit as shown in FIGS. 17 and 26 in order to form different current paths and current distributions around the slits according to the operating frequency of the antenna device 101.
- the slit is provided with a plurality of branches each having closed ends with different electrical lengths of current paths to the opening of the slit.
- different current paths and current distributions from the slit openings to different closed ends are formed according to the operating frequency of the antenna device 101.
- the slit S4 extends between the side to which the connection conductors 106 and 107 (not shown) are connected and the opposite side, and the first portion having the opening A on the latter side ( In FIG. 27, the portion extending in the vertical direction), the first and second branches provided on the left and right of the first portion at a predetermined distance from the opening A, and the opening more than the first and second branches. 3rd and 4th branch provided in the right and left of the 1st part in the position away from A.
- the electrical length of the current path from the opening A of the slit S4 to the closed end B31 of the first branch is represented by “D31”
- the electrical length of the current path from the opening A of the slit S4 to the closed end B32 of the second branch is
- the electrical length of the current path from the closed end B31 of the first branch to the closed end B33 of the third branch is represented by “D33” and represented by “D32”
- the fourth branch from the closed end B32 of the second branch is represented by “D34”
- the electrical length of the current path from the closed end B33 of the third branch to the closed end B34 of the fourth branch is represented by “D35”.
- the electrical lengths D31, D32, D33, D34, and D35 of the current path are excited through the one feeding point 104a at a predetermined first frequency, whereby the closed ends B31, An antinode of current is formed in the vicinity of any one of B32, B33, and B34, and the current is generated in the vicinity of any other closed end by exciting through the other feeding point 104b at the first frequency. It is determined to form an antinode of current in the vicinity of the other two closed ends by forming an antinode and similarly exciting through feed points 104a, 104b at different second frequencies.
- the electrical length D31 + D33 is (1/4 + (n1) / 2) with respect to the wavelength ⁇ 1 and the predetermined integers n1 and n2 of radio waves transmitted and received at a predetermined first frequency (hereinafter referred to as a low frequency).
- a predetermined first frequency hereinafter referred to as a low frequency.
- the electrical length D32 + D34 is set to (1/4 + (n2) / 2) ⁇ 1.
- the electrical length D35 is preferably ⁇ / 2, or an odd multiple thereof.
- the electrical length D31 + D33 + D35 may be set to (1/4 + (n1) / 2) ⁇ 1 and the electrical length D32 + D34 + D35 may be set to (1/4 + (n2) / 2) ⁇ 1.
- the electrical length D31 is (1/4 + () with respect to the wavelength ⁇ 2 and the predetermined integers n3 and n4 of radio waves transmitted and received at a predetermined second frequency (hereinafter referred to as a high frequency) higher than the first frequency. n3) / 2) ⁇ 2, and the electrical length D32 is (1/4 + (n4) / 2) ⁇ 2.
- a current node is formed in the vicinity of the opening A of the slit S4 (on the feeding point 104a side), and a current node is formed in the vicinity of the closed end B31.
- a current node is formed in the vicinity of the opening A of the slit S4 (on the feeding point 104b side), and a current node is formed in the vicinity of the closed end B32.
- the slit S4 forms different current paths and current distributions from the opening A of the slit S4 to different closed ends in accordance with the operating frequency of the antenna device 101.
- the low frequency side frequency and the high frequency side are provided by including the slit S4 including a plurality of branches. In each frequency, it is possible to ensure high isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b and simultaneously transmit and receive two radio signals having low correlation with different radiation characteristics.
- the slit S5 has an asymmetric configuration in which one of the first and second branches of the slit S4 in FIG. 27 is removed.
- the electrical length D41 + D42 of the current path is (1/4 + (n1) / 2) ⁇ 1 with respect to the wavelength ⁇ 1 of a radio wave transmitted and received at a predetermined first frequency (hereinafter referred to as a low frequency) and a predetermined integer n1.
- a predetermined first frequency hereinafter referred to as a low frequency
- n1 predetermined integer
- the electrical length D41 of the current path is (1/4 +) with respect to the wavelength ⁇ 2 and the predetermined integer n2 of the radio wave transmitted and received at a predetermined second frequency higher than the first frequency (hereinafter referred to as the high frequency). (N2) / 2) ⁇ 2.
- the electrical length D43 of the current path is also excited through the feeding point 104b at a predetermined frequency, thereby forming a current node in the vicinity of the opening A of the slit S5 (on the feeding point 104b side), and in the vicinity of the closed end B43. Is determined to form a current belly.
- the slit S5 forms different current paths and current distributions from the opening A of the slit S5 to different closed ends in accordance with the operating frequency of the antenna device 101.
- the low frequency side frequency and the high frequency side are provided by including the slit S5 including a plurality of branches. In each frequency, it is possible to ensure high isolation between the feeding points 104a and 104b and simultaneously transmit and receive two radio signals having low correlation with different radiation characteristics.
- FIG. 29 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the antenna device 101 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103 were formed using a single-sided copper-clad substrate.
- the antenna element 102 has a size of 10 ⁇ 45 mm
- the ground conductor 103 has a size of 45 ⁇ 90 mm
- the antenna element 102 is parallel to the ground conductor 103 at a position 5 mm from the ground conductor 103 in the + X direction.
- the antenna element 102 and the ground conductor 103 were mechanically and electrically connected to each other by connection conductors 106 and 107 at positions 10 mm from both ends of the + Z side.
- a first portion of the slit S1 having a width of 1 mm at the center in the Y-axis direction of the antenna element 102 and extending 9 mm in the + Z direction from the ⁇ Z side side is formed parallel to the Z-axis direction, and the lower end thereof is opened.
- the second portion of the slit S1 parallel to the Y-axis direction was formed by 9.5 mm in the + Y direction and the ⁇ Y direction.
- a reactance element 121 having a capacitance of 0.1 pF was mounted in the opening of the slit S1.
- the feeding points 104a and 104b are provided at a position 10 mm from the ⁇ Y side and a position 10 mm from the + Y side in the center in the Z-axis direction, respectively.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of the pass coefficients and reflection coefficient parameters S21 and S11 between the feeding points 104a and 104b of the antenna apparatus 101 of FIG.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating phase characteristics with respect to the azimuth angle of the antenna device 101 of FIG. According to FIG. 30, when the operating frequency is 1700 MHz (when the quarter wavelength is 4.4 cm), the parameter S21 of the pass coefficient is ⁇ 13.7 dB, and it can be seen that high isolation can be secured.
- FIG. 31 shows the vertical direction with respect to the azimuth angle ⁇ of the horizontal plane (XY plane) with respect to the radiation (solid line) generated by excitation through the feeding point 104a and the radiation (broken line) generated by excitation through the feeding point 104b.
- the phase characteristic of the polarization component is shown.
- the correlation coefficient calculated from the radiation directivity of the complex vertical polarization component on the horizontal plane (XY plane) of the radiation generated by excitation through the feed points 104a and 104b is 0.2, and low correlation is realized. I was able to.
- the antenna device of the present invention and a wireless device using the antenna device can be mounted as, for example, a mobile phone, or can be mounted as a device for a wireless LAN.
- This antenna device can be mounted on, for example, a wireless communication device that performs MIMO communication.
- the antenna device is not limited to MIMO, and may be mounted on a wireless communication device that can simultaneously execute communication for multiple applications (multi-application). Is possible.
- switch 134a, 134b, 134c, 134d ... reactance elements, 141, 142, 143... Filter circuit, F1, F2 ... feed lines F1a, F1b, F2a, F2b ... signal lines, C1, C2, C11, C12, C21, C22, C23, C31, C32, C33, C41, C51, C52, C61, C62, C71 ... capacitors, L1, L2, L11, L21, L22, L23, L31, L32, L33, L41, L42, L51, L61, L71, L72 ... inductors, S1, S2, S3, S4 ... slits.
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Abstract
Description
アンテナ素子上の所定の各位置にそれぞれ設けられた第1及び第2の給電点を備えたアンテナ装置において、
上記アンテナ素子は、上記第1及び第2の給電点にそれぞれ対応した第1及び第2のアンテナ部として同時に動作するように、上記第1及び第2の給電点を介してそれぞれ同時に励振され、
上記アンテナ素子は、上記第1及び第2の給電点を互いに分離するように所定の第1の方向に延在する第1の部分と、上記第1の方向とは異なる第2の方向に延在する第2の部分とを含むスリットを備え、
上記スリットは、
所定のアイソレーション周波数において共振して上記第1及び第2の給電点の間にアイソレーションを生成するとともに、
上記スリットの周囲に所定の電流経路を形成し、
上記第1の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布は、上記第2の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布とは異なり、これらの互いに異なる電流分布により互いに異なる放射特性をもたらすように構成されたことを特徴とする。
上記スリットの第1の部分は、その一端に開口を有し、その他端で上記スリットの第2の部分に連結され、
上記スリットの第2の部分は少なくとも2つの閉端を有し、
上記アンテナ装置の動作波長λ及び整数n1,n2に対して、上記スリットの周囲の電流経路は、
上記スリットの開口の上記第1の給電点側から上記少なくとも2つの閉端のうちの第1の閉端までの電流経路の電気長が(1/4+(n1)/2)λであり、上記第1の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布が、上記第1の閉端において電流の腹を有し、
上記スリットの開口の上記第2の給電点側から上記少なくとも2つの閉端のうちの第2の閉端までの電流経路の電気長が(1/4+(n2)/2)λであり、上記第2の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布が、上記第2の閉端において電流の腹を有するように形成されることを特徴とする。
上記スリットは、上記スリットに沿って上記スリットの開口から所定距離の位置に設けられたフィルタ手段であって、第1の周波数では開放になり、上記第1の周波数とは異なる第2の周波数では短絡になるフィルタ手段を備え、
上記フィルタ手段は、
上記第1の周波数では、上記スリットの全体を共振させて上記第1及び第2の給電点の間にアイソレーションを生成するとともに、上記スリットの周囲に上記フィルタ手段により短絡されない電流経路を形成させ、
上記第2の周波数では、上記スリットの開口から上記フィルタ手段までの部分のみを共振させて上記第1及び第2の給電点の間にアイソレーションを生成するとともに、上記スリットの周囲に上記フィルタ手段により短絡された電流経路を形成させることを特徴とする。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る無線通信装置のアンテナ装置101及び無線信号処理回路111の構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態のアンテナ装置101は、異なる2つの給電点104a,104bを備えた長方形形状のアンテナ素子102を備え、給電点104aを介してアンテナ素子102を第1のアンテナ部として励振させると同時に、給電点104bを介してアンテナ素子102を第2のアンテナ部として励振させることにより、単一のアンテナ素子102を2つのアンテナ部として動作させる。
[数1]
Zin=j・Z0・tan(β・d)
ここで、Z0は伝送線路の特性インピーダンスであり、βは位相定数(β=2π/λ)であり、λは波長である。数1において入力インピーダンスZinが無限大になるとき、給電点間の電流が小さくなる。この条件を満たすのはd=λ/4の場合であり、このときの波長λに対応する周波数において、給電点間の高いアイソレーションを確保することができる。
図11は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る無線通信装置のアンテナ素子102の構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態のアンテナ装置は、アンテナ素子102の共振周波数と高いアイソレーションを確保できる周波数とを調整するために、スリットS1に沿った所定の位置にリアクタンス素子121を設けたことを特徴とする。
[数2]
Yin=1/Zload+1/(j・Z0・tan(β・d))
数2において、入力インピーダンスZinが無限大になるとき、給電点(図示せず。)間の電流が小さくなる。すなわち、入力アドミタンスYinが0になることが、高いアイソレーションを確保できる条件である。リアクタンス素子121として容量Cを装荷した場合、リアクタンス値Zloadは数3で表される。
[数3]
Zload=1/(j・ω・C)
数3を数2に代入し、Yin=0とすることにより、次式が得られる。
[数4]
tan(β・d)=1/(ω・C・Z0)
数4より、スリットの開口Aに容量を装荷した場合において給電点間の高いアイソレーションを確保できる周波数を求めることができる。
図14は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る無線通信装置のアンテナ装置101及び無線信号処理回路111の構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態のアンテナ装置101は、第2の実施形態のリアクタンス素子121に代えて、コントローラ119の制御下でリアクタンス値が変化するアイソレーション周波数調整回路131を備えたことを特徴とする。これにより、本実施形態のアンテナ装置101は、給電点104a,104b間に高いアイソレーションを確保できる周波数を変化させることができる。
図17は、本発明の第4の実施形態に係る無線通信装置のアンテナ装置101及び無線信号処理回路111の構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態のアンテナ装置101は、動作周波数に応じてスリットS1の周囲に異なる電流経路及び電流分布を形成することを特徴とする。これにより、本実施形態のアンテナ装置101は、複数の周波数のそれぞれにおいて、給電点104a,104b間の高いアイソレーションを確保するとともに、互いに低相関である2つの無線信号を同時に送受信することを特徴とする。
102…アンテナ素子、
103…接地導体、
104a,104b…給電点、
105a,105b…接続点、
106,107…接続導体、
111…無線信号処理回路、
112a,112b…インピーダンス整合回路、
113a,113b…スイッチ、
114…振幅及び位相調整回路、
115a,115b…振幅調整器、
116a,116b…移相器、
117…適応制御回路、
118…変復調回路、
119…コントローラ、
121…リアクタンス素子、
131…アイソレーション周波数調整回路、
132…可変リアクタンス素子、
133…スイッチ、、
134a,134b,134c,134d…リアクタンス素子、
141,142,143…フィルタ回路、
F1,F2…給電線
F1a,F1b,F2a,F2b…信号線、
C1,C2,C11,C12,C21,C22,C23,C31,C32,C33,C41,C51,C52,C61,C62,C71…キャパシタ、
L1,L2,L11,L21,L22,L23,L31,L32,L33,L41,L42,L51,L61,L71,L72…インダクタ、
S1,S2,S3,S4…スリット。
Claims (21)
- アンテナ素子上の所定の各位置にそれぞれ設けられた第1及び第2の給電点を備えたアンテナ装置において、
上記アンテナ素子は、上記第1及び第2の給電点にそれぞれ対応した第1及び第2のアンテナ部として同時に動作するように、上記第1及び第2の給電点を介してそれぞれ同時に励振され、
上記アンテナ素子は、上記第1及び第2の給電点を互いに分離するように所定の第1の方向に延在する第1の部分と、上記第1の方向とは異なる第2の方向に延在する第2の部分とを含むスリットを備え、
上記スリットは、
所定のアイソレーション周波数において共振して上記第1及び第2の給電点の間にアイソレーションを生成するとともに、
上記スリットの周囲に所定の電流経路を形成し、
上記第1の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布は、上記第2の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布とは異なり、これらの互いに異なる電流分布により互いに異なる放射特性をもたらすように構成されたことを特徴とするアンテナ装置。 - 上記スリットの第1の部分は、その一端に開口を有し、その他端で上記スリットの第2の部分に連結され、
上記スリットの第2の部分は少なくとも2つの閉端を有し、
上記アンテナ装置の動作波長λ及び整数n1,n2に対して、上記スリットの周囲の電流経路は、
上記スリットの開口の上記第1の給電点側から上記少なくとも2つの閉端のうちの第1の閉端までの電流経路の電気長が(1/4+(n1)/2)λであり、上記第1の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布が、上記第1の閉端において電流の腹を有し、
上記スリットの開口の上記第2の給電点側から上記少なくとも2つの閉端のうちの第2の閉端までの電流経路の電気長が(1/4+(n2)/2)λであり、上記第2の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布が、上記第2の閉端において電流の腹を有するように形成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のアンテナ装置。 - 上記第1の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布は、上記第2の給電点を介して上記アンテナ素子を励振することにより上記電流経路上に生成される電流分布に対して実質的に反転した電流分布を有することを特徴とする請求項2記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記スリットは、上記スリットの第1の部分を通る軸に対して対称であることを特徴とする請求項2又は3記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記スリットはT字形状を有することを特徴とする請求項4記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記スリットはY字形状を有することを特徴とする請求項4記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記スリットは、上記スリットの第1の部分を通る軸に対して非対称であることを特徴とする請求項2記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記スリットはL字形状を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記スリットは、上記アイソレーション周波数を調整する手段を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1~8のうちのいずれか1つに記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記アイソレーション周波数を調整する手段はリアクタンス素子であることを特徴とする請求項9記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記アイソレーション周波数を調整する手段は可変容量素子であることを特徴とする請求項9記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記アイソレーション周波数を調整する手段は、それぞれ異なるリアクタンス値を有する複数のリアクタンス素子と、上記複数のリアクタンス素子のいずれかを選択的に接続するスイッチとを備えたことを特徴とする請求項9記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記スリットは、上記スリットに沿って上記スリットの開口から所定距離の位置に設けられたフィルタ手段であって、第1の周波数では開放になり、上記第1の周波数とは異なる第2の周波数では短絡になるフィルタ手段を備え、
上記フィルタ手段は、
上記第1の周波数では、上記スリットの全体を共振させて上記第1及び第2の給電点の間にアイソレーションを生成するとともに、上記スリットの周囲に上記フィルタ手段により短絡されない電流経路を形成させ、
上記第2の周波数では、上記スリットの開口から上記フィルタ手段までの部分のみを共振させて上記第1及び第2の給電点の間にアイソレーションを生成するとともに、上記スリットの周囲に上記フィルタ手段により短絡された電流経路を形成させることを特徴とする請求項1~8のうちのいずれか1つに記載のアンテナ装置。 - 上記フィルタ手段は、第1のインダクタ及び第1のキャパシタの直列共振回路と、第2のインダクタ及び第2のキャパシタの並列共振回路とを直列接続して構成されることを特徴とする請求項13記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記フィルタ手段は、インダクタ及び第1のキャパシタの直列共振回路と、第2のキャパシタとを並列接続して構成されることを特徴とする請求項13記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記フィルタ手段は帯域通過フィルタであることを特徴とする請求項13記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記フィルタ手段は高域通過フィルタであることを特徴とする請求項13記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記フィルタ手段は低域通過フィルタであることを特徴とする請求項13記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記フィルタ手段はMEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)の製造方法により形成されたフィルタであることを特徴とする請求項13記載のアンテナ装置。
- 上記アンテナ素子の共振周波数を上記アイソレーション周波数にシフトさせるインピーダンス整合手段を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1~19のうちのいずれか1つに記載のアンテナ装置。
- 複数の無線信号を送受信する無線通信装置において、請求項1~20のうちのいずれか1つに記載のアンテナ装置を備えたことを特徴とする無線通信装置。
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JP2011550732A JP5715071B2 (ja) | 2010-01-19 | 2010-12-20 | アンテナ装置及び無線通信装置 |
US13/257,108 US8742999B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2010-12-20 | Antenna apparatus for simultaneously transmitting multiple radio signals with different radiation characteristics |
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US20120007785A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
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