WO2011085592A1 - Energy-saving culture room for fungus - Google Patents

Energy-saving culture room for fungus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011085592A1
WO2011085592A1 PCT/CN2010/076592 CN2010076592W WO2011085592A1 WO 2011085592 A1 WO2011085592 A1 WO 2011085592A1 CN 2010076592 W CN2010076592 W CN 2010076592W WO 2011085592 A1 WO2011085592 A1 WO 2011085592A1
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Prior art keywords
energy
culture chamber
fungus
saving
culture
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PCT/CN2010/076592
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张可池
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Zhang Kechi
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/62—Racks; Trays
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fungus cultivation room, in particular to a fungus energy-saving culture room capable of reducing pesticide use and energy saving. Background technique
  • Gutian County, Fujian province is a well-known Chinese and foreign "hometown of edible fungi". In the 1995 and 1997 bienniums, it was awarded the honorary title of "Hometown of Edible Fungi" by the Development Center of the State Council and the Ministry of Agriculture.
  • the total annual output of edible fungi is 340,000 tons of fresh products, ranking first in the country, among which silver fungus accounts for 50% (production and sales rank first in the world), shiitake mushrooms account for 25%, and other fungi account for 25%.
  • Gutian County shiitake mushroom, bamboo stalk and white fungus won the gold medal of the first and second China Agricultural Expo.
  • "Gutian Tremella” was recognized as a famous brand product by the 99 China International Agricultural Expo. In 2000, it was awarded as a famous brand agricultural product by the Fujian Provincial Government.
  • Gutian County mostly uses the original thatch scaffold for the cultivation of edible fungi.
  • This cultivation method is not only unsanitary, but also because the cultivation room is not sealed, although it can meet the ventilation requirements of the edible fungus during the growth process, it is not conducive to pest control.
  • the "Aphid" will produce eggs in the ears of Tremella.
  • the larvae hatch they will feed on the white fungus, causing the white fungus to rot and cause losses.
  • farmers In order to kill pests, farmers have to spray a large amount of pesticides, which leads to excessive levels of highly toxic pesticides in the white fungus.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fungus energy-saving culture room, which not only can effectively reduce the pests and diseases generated by the fungus in the cultivation process, reduce the use of pesticides, but also fully utilizes renewable energy, saves energy and protects the environment, and has high Practicality and economic promotion value.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a fungus energy-saving culture room, comprising a culture room for cultivating fungi, characterized in that: the culture room is provided with a fungus culture shelf, and the culture room is further provided with a temperature adjustment device. And ventilation.
  • the invention has the advantages that: 1.
  • the invention adopts biogas and solar energy to raise the temperature in the culture chamber, not only solves the problem of environmental pollution inside and outside the cultivation, but also does not generate pollutants, can fully utilize resources, and is energy-saving, environmentally-friendly and efficient.
  • the culture room is provided with a number of tempered glass exterior walls or roofs.
  • the tempered glass is coated with thin-film solar cell modules, and small outdoor solar power generation equipment can be installed outside the culture room to generate electricity by absorbing light energy; or using biogas to generate electricity. This will drive the air conditioning in the room to adjust the temperature, make full use of natural green energy, and have no pollution to the environment.
  • the culture room is equipped with temperature and humidity monitoring devices, which can monitor the temperature and humidity in the culture room from time to time to ensure that the edible fungi grow under suitable conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention includes a culture room 1 for cultivating a fungus, characterized in that: the culture room is provided with a fungus culture shelf 2, and the culture room is further provided with a temperature adjustment device and a ventilation device 3.
  • the temperature regulating device is a heating and cooling air conditioner 4, which is powered by an energy supply device disposed in the energy saving culture chamber, which is a solar power generating device or a biogas power generating device or directly connected to the power grid.
  • temperature is one of the main influencing factors.
  • the temperature should be maintained at 25 ⁇ 27 °C, if it is lower than 23 °C or higher than 30 °. C is hyphae unable to grow, or even die; when the hyphae mass production period is reached, the temperature should be reduced to 23 ⁇ 25 °C ; to the ear stage temperature should be controlled at 2 (T25 °C, in order to ensure high-speed health of the white fungus
  • the solar power generation device or the biogas power generation device is used to supply the heating and cooling air conditioner in the cultivation room. If the power is insufficient, the power supply can be directly used by the power grid to achieve convenient and accurate temperature adjustment, and ensure that the fungus grows at the optimum temperature. To increase production.
  • the temperature regulating device is a heat exchanger 5 connected to the heating device, and a blower 6 is disposed beside the heat exchanger for raising the temperature in the culture chamber, and the heating device is a solar water heater 7 or a biogas boiler 8 Or an air-powered water heater with low power consumption.
  • the edible fungus culture medium in Gutian County is mostly built in mountainous or hilly areas, and the summer temperature can still meet the growth needs of edible fungi, and the temperature in winter is lowered, and the power consumption of the air conditioner alone is large, so the present invention
  • the heating room is equipped with heating equipment.
  • the solar water heater or the biogas heating boiler is used to heat the hot water heated by the boiler during the circulation process.
  • the hot air is blown into the culture chamber through the radiator and the blower, thereby increasing the temperature of the culture chamber.
  • the vast rural biogas digesters 10 are almost common equipments for households.
  • the remaining culture medium after fungal harvesting, or broken edible fungi can be used to generate biogas, which can be used to generate biogas. Use can save energy and protect the environment.
  • the cultivating chamber is provided with one or more transparent shells, and the transparent shell is provided with a visor 11 for shielding light.
  • the transparent shell is made of tempered glass, and the tempered glass is coated with a thin film solar cell module 12, when the fungus The visor is lowered at a stage where it is desired to be protected from light to shield the sunlight, while the solar thin film battery assembly is not hindered from absorbing light energy.
  • the solar power supply or heating device used in the present invention can adopt conventional single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon panel for photoelectric energy conversion, and can also adopt a novel solar thin film battery assembly.
  • the temperature and humidity monitoring device 13 is provided in the culture chamber.
  • the bacteria are contaminated or infected with pests and diseases, and the two sides of the culture chamber are respectively provided with a plurality of insect control and sterilization sterilization doors 14 .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

An energy-saving culture room for fungus includes a culture room (1) for cultivating fungus. Shelves (2) for fungus cultivation are mounted in the culture room. A temperature adjustment device and a ventilation device (3) are mounted in the culture room. The culture room not only can efficiently decrease diseases and insect pests generated during the fungus cultivation procedure therefore decreasing the use of pesticides, but also make the best use of renewable energy sources therefore is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

真菌节能培养室  Fungus energy-saving culture room
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及一种真菌栽培室， 特别涉及一种可减少农药使用， 节 能环保的真菌节能培养室。 背景技术  The invention relates to a fungus cultivation room, in particular to a fungus energy-saving culture room capable of reducing pesticide use and energy saving. Background technique
福建省古田县是驰名中外的 "中国食用菌之乡" 。 1995、 1997 两年度被国务院发展中心、农业部等单位授予 "食用菌之乡" 的光荣 称号。食用菌年总产量 34万吨鲜品，居全国第一，其中银耳占 50% (产 销量均居世界第一）， 香菇占 25%, 其他菌类占 25%。 古田县香菇、竹 荪、 银耳荣获一、 二届中国农业博览会金奖。 1999年 "古田银耳" 又被 99中国国际农业博览会认定为名牌产品， 2000年被福建省政府 评为名牌农产品。  Gutian County, Fujian Province is a well-known Chinese and foreign "hometown of edible fungi". In the 1995 and 1997 bienniums, it was awarded the honorary title of "Hometown of Edible Fungi" by the Development Center of the State Council and the Ministry of Agriculture. The total annual output of edible fungi is 340,000 tons of fresh products, ranking first in the country, among which silver fungus accounts for 50% (production and sales rank first in the world), shiitake mushrooms account for 25%, and other fungi account for 25%. Gutian County shiitake mushroom, bamboo stalk and white fungus won the gold medal of the first and second China Agricultural Expo. In 1999, "Gutian Tremella" was recognized as a famous brand product by the 99 China International Agricultural Expo. In 2000, it was awarded as a famous brand agricultural product by the Fujian Provincial Government.
目前， 古田县多采用原始的茅草搭棚进行食用菌的培养， 这样的 栽培方法不仅不卫生， 而且由于栽培室不密封， 虽然可以满足食用菌 在生长过程的通风要求， 但不利于防虫害， 特别是银耳生长过程中， "蠓虫"会将卵产在银耳的耳片中， 当幼虫孵化后会以银耳为食，致 使银耳腐烂，造成损失。为了杀灭害虫，农民不得不喷洒大量的农药， 从而导致银耳中残留的剧毒农药超标，一方面影响了对银耳的进一步 深加工， 同时也影响了产品的出口创汇， 给农民造成了巨大的经济损 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种真菌节能培养室，该培养室不仅可有 效减少真菌在培养过程中所产生的病虫害， 减少农药的使用， 而且充 分利用了可再生能源，节能环保，具有较高的实用性和经济推广价值。 At present, Gutian County mostly uses the original thatch scaffold for the cultivation of edible fungi. This cultivation method is not only unsanitary, but also because the cultivation room is not sealed, although it can meet the ventilation requirements of the edible fungus during the growth process, it is not conducive to pest control. Especially in the growth process of Tremella, the "Aphid" will produce eggs in the ears of Tremella. When the larvae hatch, they will feed on the white fungus, causing the white fungus to rot and cause losses. In order to kill pests, farmers have to spray a large amount of pesticides, which leads to excessive levels of highly toxic pesticides in the white fungus. On the one hand, it affects the further deep processing of the white fungus, and also affects the export of products, which creates a huge economy for farmers. Damaged content The object of the present invention is to provide a fungus energy-saving culture room, which not only can effectively reduce the pests and diseases generated by the fungus in the cultivation process, reduce the use of pesticides, but also fully utilizes renewable energy, saves energy and protects the environment, and has high Practicality and economic promotion value.
本发明的技术方案在于： 一种真菌节能培养室， 包括用于培养真 菌的培养房， 其特征在于： 所述培养房内设置有真菌培养层架， 所述 培养房内还设有温度调节装置和通风设备。  The technical solution of the present invention is: a fungus energy-saving culture room, comprising a culture room for cultivating fungi, characterized in that: the culture room is provided with a fungus culture shelf, and the culture room is further provided with a temperature adjustment device. And ventilation.
本发明的优点在于： 1、 本发明采用沼气及太阳能提升培养室内 的温度， 既解决了培养室内外的环境污染问题， 又不会产生污染物， 可充分利用资源， 节能环保高效。  The invention has the advantages that: 1. The invention adopts biogas and solar energy to raise the temperature in the culture chamber, not only solves the problem of environmental pollution inside and outside the cultivation, but also does not generate pollutants, can fully utilize resources, and is energy-saving, environmentally-friendly and efficient.
2、 培养室设置若干面钢化玻璃外墙或屋顶， 在钢化玻璃上镀有 薄膜太阳能电池组件， 培养室外也可安装小型的太阳能发电设备，通 过吸收光能发电； 或是利用沼气来进行发电， 从而带动室内的空调进 行温度调节， 充分利用了自然绿色能源， 对环境无污染。  2. The culture room is provided with a number of tempered glass exterior walls or roofs. The tempered glass is coated with thin-film solar cell modules, and small outdoor solar power generation equipment can be installed outside the culture room to generate electricity by absorbing light energy; or using biogas to generate electricity. This will drive the air conditioning in the room to adjust the temperature, make full use of natural green energy, and have no pollution to the environment.
3、 在培养室两头分别设有 3道防虫和消毒除菌门， 进入培养室 的人需经过消毒除菌，可有效防止食用菌培养过程中病虫害的带入或 进入， 确保培养过程不使用农药， 从而解决了食用菌中农药残留物超 标的问题。  3. There are 3 insect-proof and disinfection sterilization doors at each end of the culture room. The person entering the culture room needs to be disinfected and sterilized, which can effectively prevent the introduction or entry of pests and diseases during the cultivation of edible fungi, and ensure that the pesticides are not used in the culture process. Therefore, the problem of excessive pesticide residues in edible fungi is solved.
4、 培养室设有温度、 湿度监控装置， 可时时监控培养房内的温 湿度， 确保食用菌在适宜的环境下生长。 附图说明  4. The culture room is equipped with temperature and humidity monitoring devices, which can monitor the temperature and humidity in the culture room from time to time to ensure that the edible fungi grow under suitable conditions. DRAWINGS
图 1为本发明的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention. detailed description
本发明包括用于培养真菌的培养房 1， 其特征在于： 所述培养房 内设置有真菌培养层架 2， 所述培养房内还设有温度调节装置和通风 设备 3。  The present invention includes a culture room 1 for cultivating a fungus, characterized in that: the culture room is provided with a fungus culture shelf 2, and the culture room is further provided with a temperature adjustment device and a ventilation device 3.
所述温度调节装置为冷暖空调 4， 其由设置于节能培养室中的供 能装置供电，所述供能装置为太阳能发电装置或沼气发电装置或直接 与电网相连。  The temperature regulating device is a heating and cooling air conditioner 4, which is powered by an energy supply device disposed in the energy saving culture chamber, which is a solar power generating device or a biogas power generating device or directly connected to the power grid.
真菌在生长周期过程中， 温度使其主要影响因素之一， 以银耳栽 培为例： 在其菌丝培养阶段， 温度应保持在 25〜27°C， 若低于 23°C或 高于 30 °C则菌丝无力生长， 甚至死亡； 当达到菌丝大量繁殖期时， 应将温度降至 23〜25°C ; 至出耳阶段温度应控制在 2(T25°C， 这样才 能保证银耳高速健康的生长，本发明采用太阳能发电装置或沼气发电 装置为培养房内的冷暖空调供电， 若电力不足时， 也可采用电网直接 供电， 达到了方便准确调节温度， 确保真菌在最适宜的温度下生长， 以提高产量。 During the growth cycle of fungi, temperature is one of the main influencing factors. For example, in Tremella cultivation, the temperature should be maintained at 25~27 °C, if it is lower than 23 °C or higher than 30 °. C is hyphae unable to grow, or even die; when the hyphae mass production period is reached, the temperature should be reduced to 23~25 °C ; to the ear stage temperature should be controlled at 2 (T25 °C, in order to ensure high-speed health of the white fungus In the present invention, the solar power generation device or the biogas power generation device is used to supply the heating and cooling air conditioner in the cultivation room. If the power is insufficient, the power supply can be directly used by the power grid to achieve convenient and accurate temperature adjustment, and ensure that the fungus grows at the optimum temperature. To increase production.
所述温度调节装置为与供热设备相连的换热器 5， 所述换热器旁 侧设置有鼓风机 6， 用于提升培养室内的温度， 所述供热设备为太阳 能热水器 7或沼气锅炉 8或耗电量低的空气能热水器 9。  The temperature regulating device is a heat exchanger 5 connected to the heating device, and a blower 6 is disposed beside the heat exchanger for raising the temperature in the culture chamber, and the heating device is a solar water heater 7 or a biogas boiler 8 Or an air-powered water heater with low power consumption.
由于目前， 古田县的食用菌培养基地多建在山地或丘陵地区， 夏 季温度尚能满足食用菌的生长需要， 而到了冬季气温降低， 单靠空调 的调节耗电量大， 故本发明所述的培养房内设置了供暖设备， 采用太 阳能热水器或沼气加热锅炉， 将锅炉加热的热水在循环过程中， 通过 散热器及鼓风机将热风吹进培养室， 从而提高培养室的温度， 一方面 目前在广大农村沼气池 10几乎是家家都有的常用设备了， 另一方面 真菌采收后余下的培养基， 或破碎的食用菌等将其投入沼气池， 又可 用来产生沼气， 这样循环利用可达到节约能源， 保护环境的目的。 At present, the edible fungus culture medium in Gutian County is mostly built in mountainous or hilly areas, and the summer temperature can still meet the growth needs of edible fungi, and the temperature in winter is lowered, and the power consumption of the air conditioner alone is large, so the present invention The heating room is equipped with heating equipment. The solar water heater or the biogas heating boiler is used to heat the hot water heated by the boiler during the circulation process. The hot air is blown into the culture chamber through the radiator and the blower, thereby increasing the temperature of the culture chamber. At present, the vast rural biogas digesters 10 are almost common equipments for households. On the other hand, the remaining culture medium after fungal harvesting, or broken edible fungi, can be used to generate biogas, which can be used to generate biogas. Use can save energy and protect the environment.
所述培养室设有一面或多面透明外壳， 透明外壳内设有可进行遮 光的遮光板 11， 所述透明外壳由钢化玻璃制成， 所述钢化玻璃上镀 有薄膜太阳能电池组件 12， 当真菌在需要避光生长的阶段将遮光板 放下， 以遮蔽阳光， 同时不妨碍太阳能薄膜电池组件吸收光能发电。  The cultivating chamber is provided with one or more transparent shells, and the transparent shell is provided with a visor 11 for shielding light. The transparent shell is made of tempered glass, and the tempered glass is coated with a thin film solar cell module 12, when the fungus The visor is lowered at a stage where it is desired to be protected from light to shield the sunlight, while the solar thin film battery assembly is not hindered from absorbing light energy.
本发明所采用的太阳能供电或供暖设备， 既可采用传统的单晶 硅、 多晶硅面板， 进行光电能量转化， 也可采用新型的太阳能薄膜电 池组件。  The solar power supply or heating device used in the present invention can adopt conventional single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon panel for photoelectric energy conversion, and can also adopt a novel solar thin film battery assembly.
为了时时监控培养房内的温度和湿度， 做到适时升温或降温， 加 湿或除湿， 从而营造最适于食用菌生长的环境， 所述培养室内设有温 度和湿度监控装置 13。  In order to constantly monitor the temperature and humidity in the culture room, the temperature is raised or lowered, humidified or dehumidified, thereby creating an environment suitable for the growth of edible fungi, and the temperature and humidity monitoring device 13 is provided in the culture chamber.
为了防止培养人员在进出培养房的过程中， 害虫或杂菌随人进入 培养房， 从而造成菌种污染或沾染病虫害， 所述培养室的两头分别设 有若干道防虫和消毒除菌门 14。  In order to prevent the pests or bacteria from entering the culture room during the process of entering and leaving the culture room, the bacteria are contaminated or infected with pests and diseases, and the two sides of the culture chamber are respectively provided with a plurality of insect control and sterilization sterilization doors 14 .
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所 做的均等变化与修饰， 皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。  The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes and modifications made by the scope of the present invention should be construed as the scope of the present invention.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim
1、 一种真菌节能培养室， 包括用于培养真菌的培养房， 其特征 在于： 所述培养房内设置有真菌培养层架， 所述培养房内还设有温度 调节装置和通风设备。  A fungus energy-saving culture chamber comprising a culture room for cultivating fungi, characterized in that: the culture room is provided with a fungus culture shelf, and the culture room is further provided with a temperature adjustment device and a ventilation device.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的真菌节能培养室， 其特征在于： 所述 温度调节装置为冷暖空调， 其由设置于节能培养室中的供能装置供 电。  The fungal energy-saving culture chamber according to claim 1, wherein the temperature adjusting device is a heating and cooling air conditioner, which is powered by an energy-supplied device provided in the energy-saving culture chamber.
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的真菌节能培养室， 其特征在于： 所述 供能装置为太阳能发电装置或沼气发电装置或直接与电网相连。  3. The fungal energy-saving culture chamber according to claim 2, wherein the energy supply device is a solar power generation device or a biogas power generation device or directly connected to the power grid.
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的真菌节能培养室， 其特征在于： 所述 温度调节装置为与供热设备相连的换热器，所述换热器旁侧设置有鼓 风机， 用于提升培养室内的温度。  4. The fungus energy-saving culture chamber according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature adjusting device is a heat exchanger connected to the heating device, and a blower is disposed beside the heat exchanger for lifting the culture chamber temperature.
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的真菌节能培养室， 其特征在于： 所述 供热设备为太阳能热水器或沼气锅炉或耗电量低的空气能热水器。  The fungus energy-saving culture room according to claim 4, wherein the heating device is a solar water heater or a biogas boiler or an air energy water heater with low power consumption.
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的真菌节能培养室， 其特征在于： 所述 培养室设有一面或多面透明外壳， 所述透明外壳内设有遮光板。  6. The fungal energy-saving culture chamber according to claim 1, wherein the culture chamber is provided with one or more transparent shells, and the transparent shell is provided with a light shielding plate.
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的真菌节能培养室， 其特征在于： 所述 透明外壳由钢化玻璃制成， 所述钢化玻璃上镀有薄膜太阳能电池组 件。  The fungal energy-saving culture chamber according to claim 6, wherein the transparent outer casing is made of tempered glass, and the tempered glass is plated with a thin film solar cell module.
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的真菌节能培养室， 其特征在于： 所述 培养室内设有温度和湿度监控装置。  8. The fungal energy-saving culture chamber according to claim 1, wherein: the culture chamber is provided with a temperature and humidity monitoring device.
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的真菌节能培养室， 其特征在于： 所述 培养室的两头分别设有若干道防虫和消毒除菌门。  9. The fungus energy-saving culture chamber according to claim 1, wherein: the two sides of the culture chamber are respectively provided with a plurality of insect-proof and disinfection sterilization doors.
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CN105145113B (en) * 2015-07-29 2017-12-19 山东沃得格伦中央空调股份有限公司 Edible mushroom shaping machine
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