WO2011074594A1 - 悪性腫瘍の診断方法 - Google Patents
悪性腫瘍の診断方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011074594A1 WO2011074594A1 PCT/JP2010/072521 JP2010072521W WO2011074594A1 WO 2011074594 A1 WO2011074594 A1 WO 2011074594A1 JP 2010072521 W JP2010072521 W JP 2010072521W WO 2011074594 A1 WO2011074594 A1 WO 2011074594A1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
- G01N33/57426—Specifically defined cancers leukemia
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/92—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving lipids, e.g. cholesterol, lipoproteins, or their receptors
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- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/54—Determining the risk of relapse
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the presence and severity of a malignant tumor, selection of treatment method or effect determination, risk of recurrence, determination method of presence or absence of recurrence, and diagnostic kit.
- Malignant tumors are roughly classified into epithelial malignant tumors (carcinoma) and non-epithelial malignant tumors (sarcoma).
- Hematopoietic tumors which are a type of non-epithelial malignant tumor, are roughly divided into leukemia and malignant lymphoma according to the new WHO classification.
- Leukemia is divided into acute leukemia that progresses rapidly and chronic leukemia that progresses relatively slowly, and acute leukemia is further divided into acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ALL is further divided into T cell type and B cell type according to the origin of leukemia cells.
- AML is classified when 20% or more of blasts are observed in the bone marrow, and when it is less than 20%, it is classified as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
- MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
- AL acute leukemia
- a bone marrow aspiration test is performed and bone marrow cells are analyzed, but this test is very invasive to the patient, It is impossible to carry out frequently.
- CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
- MPD myeloproliferative disease
- CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CL chronic leukemia
- the symptoms are poor and the progression of the disease state is slow, but since it may cause AL (acute transformation) in the long term, regular follow-up is necessary even during or after treatment. It has become.
- malignant lymphomas are roughly classified into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
- HL Hodgkin lymphoma
- NHL non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- NHL treatment varies depending on the stage classification and grade, but low-grade lymphoma is particularly slow and difficult to treat, and the progression of grade and transition to leukemia are also seen. It is necessary to pay attention to the process.
- lymph node that becomes the lesion of malignant lymphoma is in the whole body, it is difficult to specify a specific lesion site compared to leukemia. In particular, in the case of recurrence, it is difficult to find a specific lesion site. Therefore, it is very important to know where and how far the disease has spread, and expensive image diagnosis such as CT, MRI, and PET, and a highly invasive bone marrow aspiration test are required. Furthermore, as tests that reflect the spread, momentum, and therapeutic effects of the disease, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), ⁇ 2-microglobulin, ferritin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R ) And other blood tests.
- LDH lactate dehydrogenase
- CRP C-reactive protein
- sIL-2R soluble interleukin-2 receptor
- ⁇ -fetoprotein, CEA, CA19-9, etc. are used in clinical examinations as tumor markers for epithelial malignant tumors typified by liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, etc., but are organ-specific alone. In many cases, the sensitivity of detecting malignant tumors is insufficient, and there are often cases where measurement is performed by combining a plurality of tumor markers. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of measurement items that can become new tumor markers.
- LR11 LDL receptor relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 1
- Non-Patent Document 2 the expression of LR11 is specifically increased in the intimal thickening site caused by smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation
- Patent Document 2 the presence of soluble LR11 in the blood of mammals, and that the soluble LR11 concentration in patients with arteriosclerotic disease is significantly higher than that of healthy subjects
- Patent Document 3 an independent explanatory factor that defines the intima-media thickness (IMT)
- Patent Document 3 a method for measuring soluble LR11 in blood or cerebrospinal fluid easily and accurately is also known.
- soluble LR11 is present in a body fluid sample of a malignant tumor patient at a much higher concentration than that of a healthy person. I found out what I was doing. Then, the knowledge that the soluble LR11 concentration is normalized by treatment, or is increased again at the time of recurrence, is obtained, the presence of the malignant tumor, the severity, the choice of treatment method or the effect determination, the risk of recurrence or It was found useful as a tumor marker for determining the presence or absence of recurrence. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
- the present invention includes 1) a step of measuring a soluble LR11 concentration and / or amount in a subject-derived sample, and 2) a step of comparing the measured value with a soluble LR11 measured value of a group of healthy subjects.
- the present invention provides a method for determining the presence or severity of malignant tumors, selection of treatment method or effect determination, risk of recurrence, or the presence or absence of recurrence.
- the present invention contains a reagent capable of measuring the concentration and / or amount of soluble LR11 in a subject-derived sample, and by comparing the measured value with the soluble LR11 measured value of a group of healthy subjects,
- the present invention provides a reagent or a kit for determining the degree of treatment, selection of treatment method, determination of effect, risk of recurrence, or the presence or absence of recurrence.
- the present invention includes a reagent capable of measuring soluble LR11 concentration and / or amount, the presence of malignant tumor, severity, selection of treatment method or determination of effect, risk of recurrence, presence or absence of recurrence
- a diagnostic kit is provided.
- the concentration of soluble LR11 in a sample derived from a patient suspected of the presence of a malignant tumor is measured and compared with the LR11 concentration of a healthy person, whereby the presence, severity, and treatment method of the malignant tumor It is possible to provide information useful for evaluating selection or effect determination. Furthermore, even after treating a malignant tumor, it is possible to predict the risk of recurrence or the presence or absence of recurrence by continuously measuring soluble LR11.
- FIG. 5 shows remission rates for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia with low ( ⁇ 20 ng / mL) and high ( ⁇ 20 ng / mL) patients with soluble LR11 protein.
- FIG. 5 shows overall survival of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia with low ( ⁇ 20 ng / mL) soluble LR11 protein concentration and patients with high ( ⁇ 20 ng / mL) acute myeloid leukemia.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the present invention is characterized in that soluble LR11 is used as a marker for malignant tumors.
- the malignant tumors targeted in the present invention are classified into epithelial malignant tumors and hematopoietic tumors which are a kind of non-epithelial malignant tumors. More specifically, epithelial malignant tumors include stomach cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, colon cancer, gallbladder cancer, etc. Hematopoietic tumors include, but are not limited to, acute leukemia, chronic leukemia, and malignant lymphoma typified by non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- the determination method of the present invention includes (1) a step of measuring a soluble LR11 concentration and / or amount in a subject-derived sample, and (2) a step of comparing the measured value with a soluble LR11 measured value of a group of healthy subjects. .
- the subject in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a subject that can develop a malignant tumor, and examples thereof include mammals such as humans, mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and cats.
- Examples of the subject-derived sample include blood (serum, plasma), cerebrospinal fluid, lymph fluid, urine, tissue, cells, and the like, but blood, particularly serum is preferable because of the ease of sample preparation.
- the subject-derived sample is preferably a sample derived from an animal (particularly human) suspected of having a malignant tumor, particularly a sample derived from a human suspected of having a malignant tumor due to another tumor marker.
- the affinity substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance capable of binding to soluble LR11.
- apolipoprotein E apo E
- apo E-rich VLDL ⁇ -VLDL ( ⁇ -VLDL)
- RAP The 39-40 kDa acceptor-associated protein
- uPA urokinase-type plasminogen activator
- PAI-1 type-1 plasogengen activator-inhibitI-RPA
- the anti-soluble LR11 antibody may be either a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody as long as it reacts with soluble LR11 purified from serum, but a monoclonal antibody is preferably used.
- the antibody can be prepared by a known method. For example, for the production of polyclonal antibodies, mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits, goats, sheep, chickens and the like are used as animals to be immunized.
- the antiserum can be obtained from the serum after the antigen is administered once or multiple times to the subcutaneous, intradermal, or abdominal cavity of an animal. When proteins and peptides are used as antigens, immunization of a mixture with a replacement fluid having an immunostimulatory effect is more preferable.
- Monoclonal antibodies can also be prepared by DNA immunization, as described in Nature 1992 Mar12; 356 152-154 and J. Org. It can be prepared with reference to Immunol Methods Mar 1; 249 147-154.
- an antigen used for antibody production an LR11 protein, a partial fragment (peptide) thereof, or a vector incorporating a cDNA encoding the LR11 protein can be used.
- the full-length LR11 vector which is a construct containing the full-length human LR11 gene, is an optimal antigen gene for immunization.
- a partial region of the LR11 sequence is inserted.
- These constructs can also be used as immunizing antigen genes.
- the above gene construct is used alone or in combination, and the animal (mouse or It can be carried out by injecting subcutaneously into a rat or the like and incorporating it into cells.
- the monoclonal antibody can be produced by culturing a hybridoma prepared according to a conventional method and separating it from the culture supernatant, or administering the hybridoma to a compatible mammal and collecting it as ascites.
- Antibody can be used after further purification if necessary.
- Methods for purifying and isolating antibodies include conventionally known methods such as salting out such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration using Sephadex, ion exchange chromatography, affinity purification using protein A column, etc. .
- the method for measuring soluble LR11 in a subject-derived sample is not particularly limited, but it should be measured by an immunological method using an anti-soluble LR11 antibody, a method utilizing affinity such as RAP, and a method combining them. Is desirable.
- immunological methods include immunostaining (Western blot), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoturbidimetric method (TIA and LTIA), enzyme immunoassay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, fluorescent immunoassay, and antibodies.
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- TIA and LTIA immunoturbidimetric method
- enzyme immunoassay chemiluminescence immunoassay
- fluorescent immunoassay and antibodies.
- a sandwich ELISA using a substance having affinity for LR11 such as RAP can also be used.
- the reference LR11 amount / concentration includes serum-soluble LR11 at a known concentration, LR11 collected from cultured cells or culture supernatant of smooth muscle cells or neuroblast cell lines, recombinant LR11, or an immunogen in antibody production.
- the use of the used synthetic peptide is preferred.
- the obtained measured value is compared with the soluble LR11 measured value of the healthy group.
- the soluble LR11 measurement value of the healthy group is measured in advance by the same method as in the case of the subject-derived sample.
- a reference value obtained by statistically processing the soluble LR11 measurement value of the healthy subject group is preferably obtained statistically for each target disease.
- the soluble LR11 concentration or amount of the sample derived from the subject is determined according to the group of healthy subjects as described in Examples below. It was found that the value was significantly higher than the reference value. Therefore, by comparing the soluble LR11 concentration or amount of the sample derived from the subject with this reference value, the presence of the malignant tumor, the severity, selection of the treatment method or determination of the effect, the risk of recurrence, or the presence or absence of recurrence is determined be able to.
- the severity of a malignant tumor is an index of how far the cancer has progressed.
- determining the presence and severity of a malignant tumor means, for example, in the case of a hematopoietic tumor, the WHO classification classifies leukemia and malignant lymphoma in detail, and the malignancy is also evaluated. Therefore, it includes classification into these classifications.
- non-Hodgkin lymphoma is classified into “high grade”, “medium grade”, and “low grade” according to the rate of cell proliferation in the WHO classification, and includes classification into these classifications.
- Representative examples thereof include follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-type lymphoma, and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.
- stage classification that can represent the degree of progression and spread of cancer at a time is used, and includes classification into these classifications.
- remission means a state in which leukemia cells and malignant lymphoma are no longer detected in blood or bone marrow, for example, in the case of a hematopoietic tumor.
- the selection of the treatment method or the effect determination can be evaluated by looking at the change in the size of the tumor that has developed.
- the risk of recurrence it is judged that the risk of recurrence is high when the concentration of soluble LR11 does not fall to the normal range due to treatment. Further, regarding the presence or absence of recurrence, after remission by the intermittent period or treatment, When the concentration of soluble LR11 begins to increase, it can be evaluated that the risk of the tumor reoccurring is high. Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, prognosis can be predicted, and for example, a survival rate of 2 to 3 years can be predicted.
- Known tumor markers include ⁇ -fetoprotein, CEA, CA19-9, CA125, PIVKAII, SCC, SLX, elastase I, cytokeratin 19 fragment, DUPAN2, and the like.
- the kit of the present invention is characterized by including a reagent capable of measuring soluble LR11.
- a reagent capable of measuring soluble LR11 a substance having affinity for soluble LR11, for example, a reagent containing the above-mentioned protein such as an anti-soluble LR11 antibody or RAP is preferably exemplified, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Other components necessary for the detection of soluble LR11 can be included, for example, reaction buffers and reaction vessels.
- the kit of the present invention can contain the above-mentioned data of soluble LR11 measurement values of the healthy group and a protocol for comparison with the data.
- Reference Example 1 Preparation of anti-soluble LR11 monoclonal antibody by DNA immunization
- Construction of expression vector A partial amino acid sequence (1000-1550) (SEQ ID NO: 1) gene fragment constituting the full-length LR11 gene (Q92673) It was incorporated into a mammalian expression vector (pcDNA3.1, Invitrogen) with a FLAG tag.
- the expression vector contains DNA encoding a peptide consisting of a human alkaline phosphatase-derived GPI anchor sequence. This was designated as LR11 [1000-1550] vector.
- the plasmid dilution (3 ⁇ g plasmid DNA + 500 ⁇ L D-MEM) and the lipofectamine 2000 dilution (9 ⁇ L Lipofectamine 2000 + 500 ⁇ L D-MEM) were mixed well in a polystyrene round tube, incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes, and then plated the day before. The culture supernatant was discarded and gently added to the cells so as not to peel off the cells. After incubating at 5% CO 2 and 37 ° C. for 5 hours, the supernatant was removed, and D-MEM medium containing 5% FCS was added, followed by incubation at 5% CO 2 and 37 ° C. for 24 hours.
- FCM analysis was performed as follows. That is, in the primary antibody reaction, cells were reacted with ANTI-FLAG® M2 antibody (SIGMA) for 30 minutes at 4 ° C. in a phosphate buffer solution containing 3% FCS, pH 7.2 (PBS). For the secondary antibody, the cells were washed with PBS containing 3% FCS, and then reacted with anti-mouse IgG antibody (Beckman) labeled with PE in PBS containing 3% FCS for 30 minutes at 4 ° C.
- SIGMA ANTI-FLAG® M2 antibody
- PBS phosphate buffer solution containing 3% FCS, pH 7.2
- the cells were washed with PBS containing 3% FCS, suspended in PBS containing an appropriate amount of 3% FCS, and subjected to a flow cytometer. As a result, it was confirmed that the target gene product was expressed on the cell surface by the constructed LR11 [1000-1550] vector.
- DNA immunization is performed by immunizing an animal (mouse or rat) with a sensitized gold particle by mixing the LR11 [1000-1550] vector of (1) above or alone. Subcutaneous was performed with a gene gun and incorporated into cells. Specifically, Helios (registered trademark) Gene Gun Optimization Kit (Bio-Rad, USA) was used and 200 ⁇ g of the LR11 [1000-1550] vector was administered per 25 mg of gold particles according to the instruction manual of the kit. Immunization was performed 4 times every 2 weeks.
- the enzyme immunoassay using forced expression cells was performed as follows. Forcibly expressed cells were coated on a 96-well plate, and the hybridoma culture supernatant was reacted as the first antibody. After the first antibody reaction, the plate was washed and the second antibody was added.
- the second antibody is an antibody that can recognize mouse immunoglobulin or rat immunoglobulin of the first antibody, and is an antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
- a fluorescent substrate corresponding to the enzyme labeled with the second antibody was added and analyzed with a fluorescence measuring plate reader.
- cloning was performed by a limiting dilution method, and a stable and high antibody titer was selected as a monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma strain.
- large-scale preparation of monoclonal antibodies from ascites was performed as follows. Nude mice pretreated with 0.5 mL pristane were injected intraperitoneally with 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 3 ⁇ 10 6 cloned hybridoma cells in 0.5 mL phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4.
- RAP / GST fusion protein in the centrifuge supernatant of this disrupted solution was adsorbed through 10 mL of Glutathione Sepharose 4 FF (manufactured by GE Healthcare Bioscience), and then PBS (pH 7.2, hereinafter not particularly described).
- RAP-Sepharose resin was prepared by washing with the same pH). 10 mL of this RAP-Sepharose resin and 1 L of rabbit serum were mixed and reacted overnight at 4 ° C. with gentle agitation. The RAP-Sepharose resin was recovered and washed with PBS. Next, the rabbit soluble LR11 was eluted with citrate buffer (pH 5.0), concentrated, and dialyzed against PBS.
- this solution was mixed with Sepharose resin chemically bound with the anti-soluble LR11 monoclonal antibody (M3), reacted at 4 ° C. overnight with gentle stirring, and then citrate buffer (pH 3.0). Rabbit soluble LR11 was eluted. This eluate was concentrated and then separated and purified with PBS by gel filtration chromatography (Supedex 200; manufactured by GE Healthcare Bioscience). A purified rabbit soluble LR11 was obtained by collecting and concentrating the soluble LR11 elution fractions. The protein content was separated by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis, and then the soluble LR11 protein was detected by silver staining. At the same time, the concentration of purified rabbit soluble LR11 was calculated based on the color intensity of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) staining band of known content and used as a calibrator in the ELISA method described in Reference Example 3 below.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- Human serum was diluted 11 times with a sample treatment solution in which 7% MEGA-9 (manufactured by Dojindo) and HBR (manufactured by Scantibodies Laboratories) were mixed at a ratio of 3: 1.
- the rabbit-derived soluble LR11 purified in Reference Example 2 was serially diluted with the sample treatment solution to prepare a calibrator. After adding 100 ⁇ L of these diluted samples per well and reacting overnight at room temperature, biotin-labeled anti-soluble LR11 monoclonal antibody (R14) was diluted with BSA-PBST to add 0.4 ⁇ g / mL and added 100 ⁇ L per well. And reacted at room temperature for 4 hours.
- peroxidase-labeled streptavidin (manufactured by PIERCE) was diluted with BSA-PBST to add 0.2 ⁇ g / mL, 100 ⁇ L per well, and allowed to react at room temperature for 1 hour. After washing with PBST, 100 ⁇ L of TMB substrate solution was added per well, color was developed at room temperature for 30 minutes, color development was stopped by adding 100 ⁇ L of 1.5 N sulfuric acid per well, and then measured with a microplate reader (Abs. 450 nm). did. The soluble LR11 concentration in the specimen was calculated from the calibration curve obtained by the calibrator and multiplied by the dilution factor to obtain the soluble LR11 concentration in human serum.
- Soluble LR11 as a marker for hematopoietic tumor disease Soluble LR11 concentrations were determined for sera collected from 81 individuals diagnosed with hematopoietic tumors at the first visit, and compared with soluble LR11 concentrations in sera collected from 87 healthy individuals without lipid abnormalities.
- the breakdown of 81 patients diagnosed with hematopoietic tumors is 6 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 11 acute myeloid leukemia, 5 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 7 chronic myeloid leukemia, 5 Hodgkin lymphoma, non There were 26 Hodgkin lymphomas, 4 myelodysplastic syndromes, 8 multiple myelomas, and 9 POEMS syndromes.
- the soluble LR11 concentration in serum was measured by the ELISA method shown in Reference Example 2.
- Table 1 shows the number of cases and the average value when the provisional cutoff value is set to 20 ng / mL in consideration of the concentration level of healthy subjects for each disease classification. From Table 1, it can be seen that there were more cases of leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that were significantly higher than the cut-off value compared to healthy subjects.
- Example 2 Application to effect determination by treatment In 5 cases diagnosed as acute myelogenous leukemia in Example 1 and the soluble LR11 concentration was high, changes in the concentration of soluble LR11 in the serum before and after remission treatment The results of monitoring are shown in FIG. Treatment reduced the level of soluble LR11 to the normal range (20 ng / mL or less). This suggests that the presence of tumor or its severity correlates well with an increase in soluble LR11 in blood in hematopoietic tumor patients.
- Example 3 Prediction of Risk of Recurrence Although the patient was diagnosed with a hematopoietic tumor and remissioned after treatment, the soluble LR11 concentration level exceeded the normal range (20 ng / mL) at the time of recurrence among 9 patients who relapsed The number of cases exceeded 50%, with a total of 5 cases: 1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 2 acute myeloid leukemias (2 out of 5), 1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (out of 2). It was. This indicates that monitoring the soluble LR11 concentration level of hematopoietic tumor patients may be able to evaluate the possibility of predicting / recurring the risk of recurrence of hematopoietic tumor disease.
- Example 4 Soluble LR11 as a biomarker in epithelial malignancies
- the soluble LR11 concentration in serum collected from 5 patients at random was measured. Similar to Example 1, when the provisional cutoff value was set to 20 ng / mL, cases exceeding the cutoff value were frequently observed in various epithelial malignant tumors (Table 2).
- Example 5 Prediction of Remission Rate Among 41 patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and treated, in the group with serum soluble LR11 concentration levels in the normal range (less than 20 ng / mL), complete remission, Cases that led to CR) showed a high remission rate (95%), 20 out of 21 cases, whereas in the group where the soluble LR11 concentration level was 20 ng / mL or more, the cases that led to remission by treatment The remission rate (65%) was significantly lower in 13 of 20 patients (FIG. 2). From this, by measuring the soluble LR11 concentration level of hematopoietic tumor patients, it is possible to predict the possibility of remission by treatment of hematopoietic tumor diseases.
- Example 6 Relationship to Survival All patients with acute myeloid leukemia (22 patients) and low ( ⁇ 20 ng / mL) acute myeloid leukemia patients (21) and high ( ⁇ 20 ng / mL) acute myelogenous leukemia
- the survival rate (Overall survival, OS) is shown in FIG. From this result, it was found that soluble LR11 concentration was an important prognostic factor, particularly in the short term (2-3 years).
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Abstract
Description
一方、AMLは、骨髄中に20%以上の芽球を認める場合に分類され、20%未満の場合は骨髄異形成症候群(MDS)に分類されている。
急性白血病(AL)の場合は、病状の進行が早い為、すぐに治療を開始することが重要である。ALと疑われた場合や再発の可能性が疑われた場合には、骨髄穿刺検査を行い、骨髄細胞を分析して診断されているが、この検査は、患者に対する侵襲性が非常に高く、頻繁に実施するのは無理である。
また、ALとは異なり、分化・成熟能力を保持している慢性白血病(CL)については、慢性骨髄性白血病(CML)が骨髄増殖性疾患(MPD)に、慢性リンパ性白血病(CLL)が悪性リンパ腫に分類されている。CLの場合は、症状に乏しく、病状の進行は緩やかであるが、長期的にはAL化(急性転化)を起こす場合があることから、治療中又は終了後も定期的な経過観察が必要となっている。
日本においては、悪性リンパ腫の約90%がNHLに分類され、ゆっくりと進行する低悪性度の濾胞性リンパ腫や、より進行の早い中悪性度のびまん性大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫の症例が多い。NHLの治療は、ステージ分類や悪性度によって異なるが、特に低悪性度のリンパ種は、進行が遅く治療が効きにくいという特徴があり、悪性度の進行や白血病への移行も見られるため、病状の経過に注意が必要となっている。
また、悪性リンパ腫の病巣となるリンパ節は、全身にあることから、白血病と比較して、具体的な病巣部位を特定しにくい。特に、再発していた場合に、具体的な病巣部位を発見しにくいのが実情である。その為、病気が体のどこに、どれくらい広がっているかを知ることが大変重要であり、CT、MRIやPETなどの高額な画像診断や、侵襲性の大きい骨髄穿刺検査が必要となっている。
さらに、病気の広がりや勢い、治療効果を反映する検査として、乳酸脱水素酵素(LDH)、C反応性蛋白(CRP)、β2-マイクログロブリン、フェリチン、可溶性インターロイキン‐2受容体(sIL-2R)などの血液検査が行われている。しかしながら、これらの血液検査項目は、肝機能障害、腎機能障害、細菌感染、関節リウマチやSLEなどの膠原病などでも高値になることが知られている。それ故、これらの血液検査項目を造血器腫瘍診断に応用するに当たっては、前記のような高値化要因に注意しなければならなかった。
また、本発明は被験体由来試料中の可溶性LR11濃度及び/又は量を測定できる試薬を含有し、該測定値を健常者群の可溶性LR11測定値と比較することにより悪性腫瘍の存在、重篤度、治療方法の選択若しくは効果判定、再発の危険性又は再発の有無を判定するための試薬又はキットを提供するものである。
また、本発明は、可溶性LR11濃度及び/又は量を測定できる試薬を含むことを特徴とする、悪性腫瘍の存在、重篤度、治療方法の選択若しくは効果判定、再発の危険性又は再発の有無の診断用キットを提供するものである。
本発明は、可溶性LR11を悪性腫瘍のマーカーとして使用することを特徴とするものである。
また、被験体由来試料としては、血液(血清、血漿)、髄液、リンパ液、尿、組織、細胞等が挙げられるが、試料の調製の容易さから、血液、特に血清が好ましい。
また、被験体由来試料は、悪性腫瘍が疑われる動物(特にヒト)由来の試料、特に他の腫瘍マーカーにより悪性腫瘍が疑われるヒト由来の試料が好ましい。
また、モノクローナル抗体の作製には、公知のモノクローナル抗体作製方法、例えば、長宗香明、寺田弘共著、「単クローン抗体」廣川書店(1990年)や、Jame W.Golding,‘‘Monoclonal Antibody’’,3rd edition,Academic Press,1996年に従い作製することができる。また、DNA免疫法によりモノクローナル抗体を作製することもでき、Nature 1992 Mar12;356 152-154やJ.Immunol Methods Mar 1;249 147-154を参考に作製することができる。
抗体作製に用いられる抗原としては、LR11タンパク質、又はその一部断片(ペプチド)、或いはLR11タンパクをコードするcDNAを組み込んだベクターを用いることができる。LR11の高次構造を認識するモノクローナル抗体を得るために、ヒトLR11全長遺伝子が入った構築物である全長LR11ベクターが最適な免疫用抗原遺伝子となるが、そのほか、LR11配列の一部領域が挿入された構築物も、免疫用抗原遺伝子として使用できる。DNA免疫法は、上記遺伝子構築物を単独又は混合して、免疫動物に対して様々な遺伝子導入法(例えば筋肉注射、エレクトロポレーション、遺伝子銃など)のいずれかを用いて、動物(マウス、又はラット等)の皮下に注入し、細胞内に取り込ませることにより実施できる。
さらに、本発明者らが構築した、界面活性剤による前処理を用いたELISA法(Clin.Chem.2009;55,1801-1808)は、非常に簡便でかつ精度よく測定できることから、特に好ましい。
悪性腫瘍の重篤度とは、癌がどの程度進行しているかの指標になるものである。本発明において、「悪性腫瘍の存在、重篤度を判定する」とは、例えば、造血器腫瘍の場合は、WHO分類で、白血病や悪性リンパ腫が詳細に分類され、悪性度も評価されていることから、これらの分類に区分することを含む。また、非ホジキンリンパ腫の場合は、WHO分類で、細胞増殖の速度により「高悪性度」、「中悪性度」、及び「低悪性度」に分類されおり、これらの分類に区分することを含む。尚、それぞれの代表的なものに、濾胞性リンパ腫、びまん性大細胞型Bリンパ腫、T細胞リンパ芽球性リンパ腫が挙げられている。
また、上皮性悪性腫瘍に関しては、腫瘍の大きさと進展度、所属リンパ節への転移状況、及び遠隔転移の有無によるTNM分類という国際的な病期分類に関する指標が使用され、さらにこの分類をもとに、癌の進行度と広がりの程度を一度に表わすことが出来るステージ分類が使われており、これらの分類に区分することを含む。
例えば、寛解期導入療法により、寛解期に入った場合は、所期の治療目的は達成したことになる。ここで寛解とは、例えば造血器腫瘍の場合、血液や骨髄中から白血病細胞や悪性リンパ腫が検出されなくなった状態をいう。
治療方法の選択又は効果判定は、発症した腫瘍の大きさの変化を見ることで評価することができる。又、再発の危険性については、治療により可溶性LR11の濃度が正常域に下がらない場合に再発の危険性が高いと判断すること、さらに再発の有無については、間欠期や治療による寛解の後に、可溶性LR11の濃度が上昇し始めた場合に、腫瘍が再び発生している恐れが高い、と評価することができる。さらに、本発明方法によれば、予後の予測が可能であり、例えば2~3年生存率を予測することが可能である。
(1)発現ベクターの構築
LR11の全長遺伝子(Q92673)を構成する一部分のアミノ配列(1000-1550)(配列番号1)の遺伝子断片を、FLAGタグ付の哺乳動物発現ベクター(pcDNA3.1,Invitrogen社)に組込んだ。発現ベクターはヒトアルカリフォスファターゼ由来GPIアンカー配列からなるペプチドをコードするDNAを含む。これをLR11[1000-1550]ベクターとした。
(2)CHO発現物の確認
構築したLR11[1000-1550]ベクターにより、目的とする遺伝子産物が、設計どおりに細胞膜表面に発現するかどうかについて免疫前にCHO細胞(チャイニーズハムスター卵巣由来)を用いた一過性導入発現実験により確認した。すなわち、前日に6-well plateのwellあたり1×106個の細胞をplatingした。5%CO2、37℃の条件下で一晩培養した。Transfection当日、ポリスチレンラウンドチューブ内でプラスミド希釈液(3μg plasmid DNA+500μL D-MEM)とlipofectamine2000希釈液(9μLのLipofectamine2000+500μLのD-MEM)を良く混ぜ、室温で20分間インキュベート後、前日にplatingしてあった培養上清を捨て、細胞を剥がさないように静かに細胞に添加した。5%CO2,37℃で5時間インキュベート後、上清を取り除き、5%FCSを含むD-MEM培地を添加後24時間5%CO2,37℃で培養した。翌日、細胞はDissociation buffer(Invitrogen社)でplateから剥がし、フローサイトメトリー(FCM)解析に使用された。FCM解析は以下のように実施した。すなわち、1次抗体反応は、細胞に3%FCS入りリン酸緩衝液、pH7.2(PBS)中でANTI-FLAG(登録商標)M2抗体(SIGMA)を4℃、30分間反応させた。2次抗体は、細胞を3%FCS入りPBSで洗浄後、3%FCS入りPBS中でPE標識した抗マウスIgG抗体(Beckman)を4℃、30分間反応させた。細胞を3%FCS入りPBSで洗浄後、適量の3%FCS入りPBSに懸濁し、フローサイトメーターに供した。この結果、構築したLR11[1000-1550]ベクターにより目的の遺伝子産物が細胞表面に発現していることが確認された。
DNA免疫法は、前記(1)のLR11[1000-1550]ベクターを単独又は混合して金粒子に感作したものを、免疫動物(マウス又はラット)の皮下に対して遺伝子銃で行い細胞内に取り込ませた。具体的には、Helios(登録商標)Gene Gun Optimization Kit(Bio-Rad,米国)を用い、該キットの使用説明書に従って200μgの前記LR11[1000-1550]ベクターを25mgの金粒子あたり投与した。免疫は2週間おきに4回実施した。4回目の免疫時に、少量の抗血清をサンプリングし、3%FCS入りPBSで1,000倍希釈した抗血清を1次抗体としてFCM解析を行った。この際、前記(2)の目的とする遺伝子産物を一過性発現させたCHO細胞(以下、強制発現細胞ともいう)を用いてFCM解析を行い、抗体価が上昇していることを確認した。また、モノクローナル抗体の作製は一般的な細胞融合法を用いて実施した。すなわち、最終ブースト(final boost)を2回行った後、免疫した動物を解剖し定法に従い抗体産生細胞を単離してマウス骨髄腫細胞と細胞融合させて抗体産生ハイブリドーマ株を調製した。これらハイブリドーマ株の培養後、培養上清の一部をとり、強制発現細胞を用いた酵素免疫測定法及びFCMにより、抗原蛋白質に反応し、非抗原蛋白質に反応しないサンプルを選択した。尚、強制発現細胞を用いた酵素免疫測定法は、次のようにして行った。強制発現細胞を96ウェルプレートにコートし、ハイブリドーマ培養上清を第一抗体として反応させ、第一抗体反応後、プレートを洗浄して第二抗体を添加した。ここで、第二抗体とは、第一抗体のマウスイムノグロブリン又はラットイムノグロブリンを認識できる抗体であり、西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)で標識した抗体である。反応後、第二抗体を標識した酵素に応じた蛍光基質を添加し、蛍光測定プレートリーダーで解析した。
ついで、限界希釈法によりクローニングを行い、安定して高い抗体価の認められたものをモノクローナル抗体産生ハイブリドーマ株として選択した。
次に、腹水からのモノクローナル抗体の大量調製を次のようにして実施した。プリスタン0.5mLで前処理したヌードマウスに0.5mLのリン酸緩衝生理食塩水、pH7.4中の1×106~3×106クローン化ハイブリドーマ細胞を腹腔内注射した。およそ2週間後に、腹水を集め、モノクローナル抗体をプロテインAで親和精製した。
こうしてDNA免疫法により得られた代表的な抗可溶性LR11モノクローナル抗体2種(マウス由来;M3、ラット由来;R14)は、ヒト及びウサギ血清由来の可溶性LR11と反応することが確認された。
ヒトRAP遺伝子を組み込んだpGEX2T(GEヘルスケア バイオサイエンス社製)ベクターにより形質転換した大腸菌DH5αを培養して、遠心分離により菌体を回収した。3Lの培養液から回収した菌体を、0.2%リゾチーム及び0.5%TritonX-100を含むPBS(pH7.2)に懸濁して、超音波処理により菌体を破砕した。この破砕液の遠心上清中のRAP/GST融合タンパク質を、Glutathione Sepharose 4 FF(GEヘルスケア バイオサイエンス社製)10mLに通して吸着させた後、PBS(pH7.2、以降、特に記載のない場合は同pH)で洗浄しRAP-セファロース樹脂を調製した。このRAP-セファロース樹脂10mLとウサギ血清1Lを混和し、4℃で穏やかに撹拌しながら一晩反応させた後、RAP-セファロース樹脂を回収してPBSで洗浄した。次にクエン酸緩衝液(pH5.0)にてウサギ可溶性LR11溶出して濃縮後、PBSで透析した。さらに、この液を、抗可溶性LR11モノクローナル抗体(M3)を化学結合させたセファロース樹脂と混ぜ、4℃で穏やかに撹拌しながら一晩反応させた後、クエン酸緩衝液(pH3.0)にてウサギ可溶性LR11溶出した。この溶出液を濃縮後、ゲルろ過クロマトグラフィー(Supedex200;GEヘルスケア バイオサイエンス社製)により、PBSで分離精製した。可溶性LR11の溶出フラクションを集め濃縮したものを、精製ウサギ可溶性LR11とした。この蛋白質含量は、SDSポリアクリルアミド電気泳動により分離後、銀染色により可溶性LR11の蛋白質を検出した。同時に、含量既知のウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)の染色バンドの発色強度に基づき、精製ウサギ可溶性LR11の濃度を算出し、次の参考例3に記載のELISA法におけるキャリブレーターとして用いた。
マイクロプレート(NUNC社製)に、抗可溶性LR11モノクローナル抗体(M3)をPBSで10μg/mLに希釈して1ウエルあたり100μL添加し、室温で2時間固相化した。0.05%Tween20を含むPBS(PBST)で洗浄後、1%BSAを含むPBST(BSA-PBST)を1ウエルあたり200μL添加し、室温で1時間ブロッキングした。7%MEGA-9(同仁化学社製)とHBR(Scantibodies Laboratory社製)を3:1に混合した検体処理液で、ヒト血清を11倍に希釈した。別に、参考例2で精製したウサギ由来可溶性LR11も前記検体処理液で段階希釈し、キャリブレーターとした。これら希釈検体を、1ウエルあたり100μL添加し、室温で一晩反応させた後、ビオチン標識した抗可溶性LR11モノクローナル抗体(R14)をBSA-PBSTで希釈し0.4μg/mLとして1ウエルあたり100μL添加し室温で4時間反応させた。PBSTで洗浄後、ペルオキシダーゼ標識ストレプトアビジン(PIERCE社製)をBSA-PBSTで希釈して0.2μg/mLとして1ウエルあたり100μL添加し、室温で1時間反応させた。PBSTで洗浄後、次いでTMB基質液を1ウエルあたり100μL加え室温で30分間発色させ、1.5N硫酸を1ウエルあたり100μL加えて発色を停止させた後、マイクロプレートリーダー(Abs.450nm)で測定した。キャリブレーターによる検量線より、検体中の可溶性LR11濃度を算出し、希釈倍率を掛けて、ヒト血清中の可溶性LR11濃度とした。
初診で造血器腫瘍と診断された81名の個人から採取された血清について、可溶性LR11濃度を求め、別に脂質異常のない健常者87名から採取された血清中の可溶性LR11濃度と比較した。
造血器腫瘍と診断された81名の疾患分類の内訳は、急性リンパ性白血病6名、急性骨髄性白血病11名、慢性リンパ性白血病5名、慢性骨髄性白血病7名、ホジキンリンパ腫5名、非ホジキンリンパ腫26名、骨髄異形性症候群4名、多発性骨髄腫8名、及びPOEMS症候群9名であった。血清中の可溶性LR11濃度は、参考例2に示したELISA法によって測定した。それぞれの疾患分類毎に、健常者の濃度レベルを考慮し暫定的なカットオフ値を20ng/mLと設定した場合の症例数並びにその平均値を表1に示した。表1より、健常者と比較して、特に白血病や非ホジキンリンパ腫で、カットオフ値を大きく超える症例が高頻度に認められたことが判る。
実施例1中で、急性骨髄性白血病と診断され、尚且つ可溶性LR11濃度が高値であった5症例において、寛解治療前後の血清中の可溶性LR11の濃度変化をモニターした結果を図1に示す。治療により、可溶性LR11の濃度レベルが正常域(20ng/mL以下)まで低下した。このことは、腫瘍の存在又はその重篤度が、造血器腫瘍患者における血液中の可溶性LR11の上昇とよく相関するということを示唆するものである。
造血器腫瘍と診断され、治療を受けて寛解したものの、再発した患者9名の中で、再発時に可溶性LR11濃度レベルが正常域(20ng/mL)を越えていたケースは、急性リンパ性白血病1名、急性骨髄性白血病2名(5名中)、慢性リンパ性白血病1名、非ホジキンリンパ腫1名(2名中)の合計5名と50%を超えていた。このことより、造血器腫瘍患者の可溶性LR11濃度レベルをモニターすることで、造血器腫瘍疾患の再発の危険性を予測/再発している可能性を評価できる可能性があることが判る。
各種上皮性悪性腫瘍について、それぞれ無作為に5名の患者から採取された血清中の可溶性LR11濃度を測定した。実施例1と同様に、暫定的なカットオフ値を20ng/mLと設定した場合、各種上皮性悪性腫瘍でカットオフ値を超える症例が高頻度に認められた(表2)。
急性骨髄性白血病と診断され、治療を受けた患者41名の中で、血清可溶性LR11濃度レベルが正常域(20ng/mL未満)群では、治療により寛解(complete remission, CR)に至った症例が21名中20名と高い寛解率(95%)を示したのに対して、可溶性LR11濃度レベルが20ng/mL以上であった群では、治療により寛解に至った症例は20名中13名と有意に寛解率(65%)が低かった(図2)。このことより、造血器腫瘍患者の可溶性LR11濃度レベルを測定することで、造血器腫瘍疾患の治療により寛解に至る可能性が予測できる。
血清中の可溶性LR11濃度が低い(<20ng/mL)急性骨髄性白血病患者(21名)と高い(≧20ng/mL)急性骨髄性白血病患者(22名)の全生存率(Overall survival, OS)を図3に示す。この結果から、可溶性LR11濃度が、特に短期間(2-3年)の重要な予後因子であることが分かった。
Claims (20)
- 1)被験体由来試料中の可溶性LR11濃度及び/又は量を測定する工程、並びに2)該測定値を健常者群の可溶性LR11測定値と比較する工程を含むことを特徴とする悪性腫瘍の存在、重篤度、治療方法の選択若しくは効果判定、再発の危険性又は再発の有無を判定する方法。
- 悪性腫瘍が、造血器腫瘍又は上皮性悪性腫瘍である請求項1記載の方法。
- 造血器腫瘍が、白血病又は悪性リンパ腫である請求項2記載の方法。
- 白血病が、急性白血病又は慢性白血病である請求項3記載の方法。
- 悪性リンパ種が、非ホジキンリンパ腫である請求項3記載の方法。
- 上皮性悪性腫瘍が、胃癌、肝臓癌、膵臓癌、肺癌、前立腺癌、膀胱癌、食道癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、卵巣癌、結腸癌、大腸癌及び胆嚢癌からなる群より選択される、請求項2記載の方法。
- 被験体由来試料が、血液、血清、血漿、髄液及び尿のいずれかである請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 測定が、可溶性LR11に特異的に結合する蛋白質を用いて行う請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 蛋白質が、抗可溶性LR11抗体、apo E、β-VLDL、RAP、uPA、PAI-1、uPA-PAI-1複合体から選ばれるものである請求項8に記載の方法。
- 被験体由来試料中の可溶性LR11濃度及び/又は量を測定できる試薬を含有し、該測定値を健常者群の可溶性LR11測定値と比較することにより悪性腫瘍の存在、重篤度、治療方法の選択若しくは効果判定、再発の危険性又は再発の有無を判定するための試薬又はキット。
- 悪性腫瘍が、造血器腫瘍又は上皮性悪性腫瘍である請求項10記載の試薬又はキット。
- 造血器腫瘍が、白血病又は悪性リンパ腫である請求項11記載の試薬又はキット。
- 白血病が、急性白血病又は慢性白血病である請求項12記載の試薬又はキット。
- 悪性リンパ種が、非ホジキンリンパ腫である請求項12記載の試薬又はキット。
- 上皮性悪性腫瘍が、胃癌、肝臓癌、膵臓癌、肺癌、前立腺癌、膀胱癌、食道癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、卵巣癌、結腸癌、大腸癌及び胆嚢癌からなる群より選択される、請求項11記載の試薬又はキット。
- 被験体由来試料が、血液、血清、血漿、髄液及び尿のいずれかである請求項10~15のいずれか1項に記載の試薬又はキット。
- 測定が、可溶性LR11に特異的に結合する蛋白質を用いて行う請求項10~16のいずれか1項に記載の試薬又はキット。
- 蛋白質が、抗可溶性LR11抗体、apo E、β-VLDL、RAP、uPA、PAI-1、uPA-PAI-1複合体から選ばれるものである請求項17に記載の試薬又はキット。
- 可溶性LR11濃度及び/又は量を測定できる試薬を含むことを特徴とする、悪性腫瘍の存在、重篤度、治療方法の選択若しくは効果判定、再発の危険性又は再発の有無の診断用キット。
- 可溶性LR11濃度及び/又は量を測定できる試薬が、抗可溶性LR11抗体、apo E、β-VLDL、RAP、uPA、PAI-1、uPA-PAI-1複合体から選ばれるものを含む試薬である請求項19記載のキット。
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JP2014044092A (ja) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-13 | Yamaguchi Univ | 犬リンパ腫の診断方法及び診断キット |
JP2014167446A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Sekisui Medical Co Ltd | 肝臓疾患の評価方法及び診断キット |
JP2014167428A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Juntendo | 新規な肺高血圧症のマーカー |
RU2662709C1 (ru) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-07-26 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ивановская государственная медицинская академия" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Способ диагностики дисплазии и рака шейки матки у женщин репродуктивного возраста |
RU2663309C1 (ru) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-08-03 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ивановская государственная медицинская академия" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Способ диагностики крауроза вульвы у женщин в менопаузе |
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EP2594943B1 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2017-12-27 | Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd. | Method for detecting malignant tumor cells |
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JP2014167446A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Sekisui Medical Co Ltd | 肝臓疾患の評価方法及び診断キット |
JP2014167428A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Juntendo | 新規な肺高血圧症のマーカー |
RU2662709C1 (ru) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-07-26 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ивановская государственная медицинская академия" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Способ диагностики дисплазии и рака шейки матки у женщин репродуктивного возраста |
RU2663309C1 (ru) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-08-03 | Государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ивановская государственная медицинская академия" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Способ диагностики крауроза вульвы у женщин в менопаузе |
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BR112012014954A2 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
EP2515114A4 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
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CA2783308A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
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CA2783308C (en) | 2018-10-16 |
US9097714B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
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