WO2011071651A1 - Surveillance de solvants dans des processus de récupération de pétrole brut lourd utilisant des solvants - Google Patents

Surveillance de solvants dans des processus de récupération de pétrole brut lourd utilisant des solvants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011071651A1
WO2011071651A1 PCT/US2010/056229 US2010056229W WO2011071651A1 WO 2011071651 A1 WO2011071651 A1 WO 2011071651A1 US 2010056229 W US2010056229 W US 2010056229W WO 2011071651 A1 WO2011071651 A1 WO 2011071651A1
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Prior art keywords
solvent
recovery
blend
nbm
aid
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PCT/US2010/056229
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English (en)
Inventor
Tapantosh Chakrabarty
Scott E. Hommema
Joseph L. Feimer
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Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company
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Priority to US13/509,975 priority Critical patent/US9222929B2/en
Publication of WO2011071651A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011071651A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate to solvent surveillance. More particularly, improved solvent surveillance methods for solvent-based heavy oil recovery processes are provided.
  • Such a process may be referred to as a solvent-based recovery process (such as Cyclic Solvent Process, Hot Solvent Process, and Vapor Extraction).
  • a second method of reducing viscosity of the heavy oil or bitumen is to introduce the recovery-aid solvent along with other viscosity reducing agents including but not limited to, steam, hot water or hot gases.
  • Such a process may also be referred to as a solvent-based recovery process (such as Expanding Solvent Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, Solvent Assisted Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, Liquid Addition to Steam for Enhanced Recovery, and Solvent Steam Assisted Vapor Extraction).
  • the heavy oil/bitumen is generally in the form of an emulsion containing the recovery-aid solvent as well as water.
  • a separation-aid solvent is generally added to facilitate the separation of the water through density and viscosity reduction.
  • One challenge in any solvent-based recovery process is the accurate determination of the amount (e.g., mass, volume, percentage, and the like) of the recovery-aid solvent that is recovered from the reservoir along with the heavy oil/bitumen.
  • An accurate accounting of the recovery-aid solvent may be beneficial, for example, in maintaining desirable environmental conditions, determining the efficiency of the recovery process, determining the appropriate processing of the emulsion, obtaining regulatory approval to develop a heavy oil/bitumen project, and/or assessing the economic feasibility of a given solvent-based recovery process.
  • One embodiment discloses a method of solvent surveillance.
  • the method comprises the steps of measuring an amount of a native bitumen marker (NBM) in a heavy oil, measuring an amount of the NBM in a recovery-aid solvent, measuring an amount of the NBM in a blend of at least the heavy oil and the recovery-aid solvent, and applying a blending model to determine the fraction of the recovery-aid solvent in the blend.
  • NBM native bitumen marker
  • the amount of NBM in the blend is on a separation-aid solvent free basis.
  • a separation-aid solvent such as toluene
  • This hydrocarbon sample containing the separation-aid solvent may then be analyzed for the recovery-aid solvent.
  • the amount of NBM in the blend may be measured in the presence of the separation-aid solvent.
  • the NBM in the heavy oil and the recovery-aid solvent are generally measured separately and reported on a separation-aid solvent free basis.
  • the method may include the step of modifying the blending formula to include the fraction of a separation-aid solvent in the blend, which is generally known.
  • Another embodiment discloses a heavy oil production method comprising the steps of injecting a recovery-aid solvent into a heavy oil formation via, for example, a reservoir and using, for example, a solvent-based heavy oil production process to form an initial blend of the recovery-aid solvent and heavy oil; producing (i.e., recovering) the initial blend from the reservoir; recovering, in a solvent recovery process, at least a portion of the recovery-aid solvent from the initial blend to form a partially recovered blend; and applying a solvent surveillance method to the partially recovered blend.
  • One or more embodiments of the heavy oil production method may apply one or more of the solvent surveillance methods and/or blending models previously described in this section.
  • FIG. 1A is a flow diagram of a method of solvent surveillance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. IB is a flow diagram of a heavy oil production method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a solvent-based heavy oil/bitumen production process with solvent surveillance in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another solvent-based heavy oil/bitumen production process with solvent surveillance in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an automatic control system for solvent surveillance according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a computer environment which may be implemented as part of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of test data illustrating the relationship between different native bitumen markers and the concentration of a solvent in a solvent/heavy oil blend
  • FIG. 7 is a simulation data plot illustrating the distribution of sulfur in bitumen generated by Latin-Hypercube sampling
  • FIGs. 8(a-c) are simulation data plots illustrating that accuracy generally increases as the sample number increases.
  • the "a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity.
  • the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more”, and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein unless a limit is specifically stated.
  • heavy oil refers to hydrocarbon fluids that are highly viscous at ambient conditions (e.g., 15 deg. C and 1 atm pressure). Heavy oil may include carbon and hydrogen, as well as smaller concentrations of sulfur, oxygen, and/or nitrogen. As used in this application, heavy oil may include any hydrocarbon fluid having API gravity lower than about 20 degrees such as, but not limited to, bitumen, de-asphalted bitumen, tar and/or asphalt.
  • bitumen refers to a non-crystalline solid or viscous hydrocarbon material that is substantially soluble in carbon disulfide, toluene, xylene or methylene chloride.
  • bitumen and heavy oil are used interchangeably throughout this disclosure.
  • recovery-aid solvent refers to alkanes, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane and other higher molecular weight alkanes, alkenes, naphthenes, aromatics or mixtures thereof, which when blended with bitumen reduces its viscosity.
  • Recovery-aid solvent may also include gas plant condensates, which are mixtures of alkanes, alkenes, naphthenes and aromatics.
  • NBM native bitumen markers, which are any measurable elements (e.g., S, V or Ni) or components (such as asphaltenes, CCR or MCR) that are naturally present in bitumen in substantial amounts and are not present in substantial amounts in solvent.
  • the term "asphaltenes” means components of bitumen that precipitate out in the presence of substantial amount of solvents, such as n-pentane, n-hexane or n-heptane, and are described as nC5-asphaltenes, nC6-asphaltenes or nC7-asphaltenes, respectively.
  • MCR means the microcarbon residue as determined by ASTM D4530.
  • CCR Conradson carbon reside as determined by ASTM D189.
  • the terms “comprising,” “comprises,” and “comprise” are open- ended transition terms used to transition from a subject recited before the term to one or more elements recited after the term, where the element or elements listed after the transition term are not necessarily the only elements that make up the subject.
  • solvent-based production process means a process that uses recovery-aid solvent to produce heavy oil as a heavy oil-solvent blend.
  • solvent recovery process means a process that recovers solvent, at least partially, from a heavy oil-solvent blend.
  • the term "blend” means a mixture of heavy oil and recovery-aid solvent which may contain free water and/or emulsified water.
  • one or more native bitumen markers are measured and a blending model is applied to determine a fraction (i.e., amount) of a solvent in a blend of heavy oil and solvent.
  • NBMs native bitumen markers
  • One or more embodiments of the present invention may also provide for the adjustment of one or more steps involved in the recovery or post recovery processing of the heavy oil.
  • the term "heavy oil” will be used interchangeably with “bitumen” and will refer to any appropriate hydrocarbon material that satisfies either definition, as specified in the Definitions section of this application, and/or would be recognized as a heavy oil or bitumen by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the term heavy-oil includes partially and/or completely de-asphalted bitumen such as may be produced through solvent-based extraction operations.
  • the partially or completely de-asphalted bitumen which may be referred to as maltene, may be a result of asphaltene precipitation in the formation or wellbore and/or a result of operations on the surface.
  • the measured NBM may be any component suitable for distinguishing the heavy oil from solvent.
  • the NBM is a component that is substantially present in heavy oil and substantially lacking in the solvent of interest; for example sulfur (S), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), micro-carbon residue (MCR), Conradson carbon residue (CCR), nC5-asphaltenes, nC6-asphaltenes or nC7-asphaltenes.
  • sulfur sulfur
  • Ni nickel
  • V vanadium
  • Cr chromium
  • MCR micro-carbon residue
  • CCR Conradson carbon residue
  • nC5-asphaltenes nC6-asphaltenes or nC7-asphaltenes.
  • FIG. 1A a flow diagram of a method 100 of solvent surveillance according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the method 100 generally includes a plurality of blocks or steps that may be performed serially.
  • the order of the steps shown in FIG. 1A is exemplary and the order of one or more steps may be modified within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Additionally, the steps of the method 100 may be performed in at least one non- serial (or non-sequential) order, and one or more steps may be omitted to meet the design criteria of a particular application.
  • Step 102 represents an entry point into the method 100.
  • the NBM in the heavy oil is measured.
  • one or more samples of the heavy oil are extracted from one or more wells associated with the heavy oil recovery site.
  • the NBM of the heavy oil may be determined by analyzing the one or more samples.
  • the NBM of the solvent and the blend e.g., the heavy oil and solvent blend which has been extracted from a reservoir, respectively, are measured.
  • the asphaltene components of the heavy oil in the reservoir are susceptible to precipitation depending on the nature and quantity of solvent injected into the reservoir.
  • the measurement of the heavy oil NBM may include completely de-asphalting the heavy oil to provide a consistent basis.
  • the heavy oil may be de-asphalted through any conventional techniques implemented either in the formation or on the surface.
  • the NBM of the de-asphalted heavy oil may then be measured to complete step 104.
  • the NBM of the blend, at step 108 is measured after completely de-asphalting the solvent and heavy oil blend. Accordingly, the heavy oil NBM, at 104, and the blend NBM, at 108, are measured on a consistent basis, either with all of the naturally occurring asphaltene components or with them all removed.
  • Step 109 represents the optional step of determining a fraction of a separation-aid solvent. This may be done by adding a known amount of the separation-aid solvent to the known amount of the produced emulsion sample, centrifuging the emulsion and then determining the amount of the total hydrocarbon (heavy oil, recovery-aid solvent and separation-aid solvent) separated, and assuming that all the separation-aid solvent is in the total hydrocarbon. Separation-aid solvents will be discussed further in connection with step 110.
  • steps 104, 106, and 108 refer to "measurement", it should be appreciated that an amount of a NBM may be determined either directly, such as by direct testing/observation of a sample of the relevant substance, or indirectly, such as by calculation or estimation.
  • any suitable method/apparatus/technology may be used such as one or more of: an X-Ray Fluorescence analyzer (for S, Ni and V), Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICPES) (for Ni and V), combustion fluorescence (for S), ultraviolet fluorescence (for S), asphaltenes by solvent precipitation, and MCR by pyrolysis in absence of oxygen.
  • any appropriate unit of measure may be used such as weight fraction, mole fraction, volume fraction, and parts per million (by volume or weight).
  • an appropriate blending model is applied to the measured NBM values to generate an output which corresponds to the amount of recovery-aid solvent in the blend.
  • the blending model is at least partially described by the formula:
  • NBMo the amount of a given NBM in the heavy oil
  • NBMb the amount of the given NBM in the blend
  • NBMras the amount of the given NBM in the recovery-aid solvent
  • each of the amount of NBM in the blend, heavy oil and solvent is expressed on a separation-aid solvent free basis.
  • a separation-aid solvent such as toluene
  • the NBM in the heavy oil and the recovery-aid solvent may be measured separately on a separation-aid solvent free basis.
  • the blending model for determining the fraction of the recovery-aid solvent in the blend when separation- aid solvent is present may be at least partially described by the formula:
  • NBMo the amount of a given NBM in the heavy oil
  • NBMb the amount of the given NBM in the blend including the separation-aid solvent
  • NBMras the amount of the given NBM in the recovery-aid solvent
  • any appropriate blending model may be implemented to satisfy the design criteria of a particular embodiment.
  • similar modifications of the formula may be implemented to account for de-asphalted heavy oil, as discussed above.
  • one or more specific embodiments of the present invention may include one or more iterations of the steps 104, 106, 108, 109 and/or 110.
  • each iteration may measure a different NBM; that is, a different NBM may be selected for each iteration.
  • Such an iterative process may increase the accuracy of the determined amount of solvent.
  • a plurality of NBMs may be used to increase the accuracy of the determination of the solvent fraction.
  • the method 100 may, depending on the particular application, include one or more additional steps (e.g., steps 112, 114, 116, 118, and/or 120).
  • steps 112, 114, 116, 118, and/or 120 may include the step of recovering, in a solvent recovery process, at least a portion of the solvent from the blend of heavy oil and solvent (i.e., step 112).
  • optional step 114 includes adjusting at least one step in a solvent recovery process (such as the solvent recovery process of step 112) in response to the output of step 110; optional step 116 includes adjusting at least one step in a corresponding solvent- based heavy oil production process in response to the output of step 110; optional step 118 includes correlating the output of step 110 to an overall effectiveness of a solvent-based heavy oil production process (such as the process of step 116); and optional step 120 includes correlating (i.e., relating) the output of step 110 to an overall effectiveness of a solvent recovery process (such as the process of step 112).
  • Step 122 represents an exit point out of the method 100.
  • FIG. IB a flow diagram of a heavy oil production method 150 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Like the method 100, the method 150 generally includes a plurality of blocks or steps that may be performed serially.
  • IB is exemplary and the order of one or more steps may be modified within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Additionally, the steps of the method 150 may be performed in at least one non-serial (or non-sequential) order, and one or more steps may be omitted to meet the design criteria of a particular application. Step 152 represents is an entry point into the method 150.
  • a recovery-aid solvent is injected into the heavy oil reservoir to form an initial blend that may contain water either as free water and/or emulsified water.
  • the initial blend is then recovered (i.e., produced), at step 156, from a corresponding reservoir using a solvent-based production process such as: (i) Expanding Solvent Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (“ES-SAGD”); (ii) Solvent Assisted Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (“SA-SAGD”); (iii) Liquid Addition to Steam for Enhanced Recovery (“LASER”); Vapor Extraction (VAPEX), Combined Vapor and Steam Recovery (“SAVEX”); Cyclic Solvent Process (“CSP”), Hot Solvent Process; or any combination thereof.
  • ES-SAGD Expanding Solvent Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
  • SA-SAGD Solvent Assisted Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
  • LASER Vapor Extraction
  • VAPEX Vapor Extraction
  • SAVEX Cyclic Solvent Process
  • Step 158 includes recovering, in a solvent recovery process, at least a portion of the solvent from the initial blend to form a partially recovered blend.
  • a solvent surveillance method such as the method 100 of FIG. 1A, may be advantageously implemented in connection with the partially recovered blend of step 158.
  • Step 162 represents an exit point out of the method 150.
  • Element 202 represents a heavy oil reservoir.
  • an injection well 206 is drilled into the reservoir 202.
  • the injection well 206 generally provides a mechanism for injecting substances, such as solvents 208 and/or steam (not shown), into the reservoir 202 for the purpose of reducing the viscosity of the heavy oil 204 within the reservoir 202.
  • the viscosity-reduced blend (i.e., initial blend) 210 of heavy oil 204 and solvent 208 may then be extracted using any appropriate process such as one or more of the solvent-based production processes previously discussed in connection with step 156 of FIG. IB.
  • the recovery process 226 generally includes a production well 212.
  • the blend 210 may then be processed using a solvent recovery process 214 to produce a partially recovered blend 216 using any appropriate mechanism such as: (i) distillation, (ii) fractionation, (iii) evaporation, (iv) membrane separation, or any combination thereof.
  • the partially recovered blend 216 may be characterized by a reduction in the amount of solvent 208 as compared to the initial blend 210.
  • the solvent recovery process 214 acts to recover (i.e., separate, remove, etc.) at least a portion of the solvent 208 from the blend 210.
  • Element 230 generally represents the recovered solvent.
  • a solvent surveillance method 218, such as the method 100 described in connection with FIG. 1 A, may be performed on the blend 210.
  • the method 218 may take the NBM of the heavy oil 204, the NBM of the solvent 208 and the NBM of the blend 210 as inputs 104', 106' and 108' respectively.
  • measuring the NBM of the heavy oil 204 and the NBM of the blend 210 may include measuring the NBM of the de-asphalted heavy oil and blend.
  • the method 218 may take the fraction of a separation-aid solvent as input 109'.
  • the output 220 corresponding to the amount/fraction of solvent 208 in the blend 210, of the solvent surveillance method 218 may be used to adjust at least one step in the solvent recovery process 214.
  • the output 220 may be used in connection with a feed-forward control loop 222 to the solvent recovery process 214.
  • an embodiment of the present invention may use the output 220 to adjust at least one step in the heavy oil production process 226.
  • the output 220 may be used in connection with a feedback control loop 224.
  • the output 220 may be correlated to an overall effectiveness of the solvent-based heavy oil production process 226.
  • the output 220' may be used to adjust at least one step in the solvent recovery process 214.
  • the output 220' may be used in connection with a first feedback control loop 302 to the solvent recovery process 214 and/or correlated to an overall effectiveness of the solvent recovery process 214.
  • one or more embodiments may use the output 220' to adjust at least one step in the heavy oil production process 226'.
  • the output 220' may be used in connection with a second feedback control loop 304 and/or correlated to an overall effectiveness of the heavy oil production process 226'.
  • FIGs. 2 and 3 illustrate implementations where the solvent surveillance is applied to either the produced blend 210 or the partially recovered blend 216
  • the solvent surveillance methods and systems described herein may be applied to any heavy oil stream or combinations of heavy oil streams.
  • some implementations may apply the present solvent surveillance methods and systems to both the produced blend 210 and the partially recovered blend 216 and provide feedback and/or feedforward control based on either or both streams.
  • Such an implementation may inform the operator regarding the effective recovery of solvent from the formation and the effectiveness of the solvent recovery process 214.
  • the present solvent surveillance systems and methods may be applied to still further downstream processes to determine the effectiveness of later solvent recovery efforts.
  • controller 402 an application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC"), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and memory that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable component(s) that provides the described functionality. It is contemplated that all or part of the functionality of the components in the controller 402 may be incorporated into a single module, such as shown in FIG. 4. Alternatively, one or more functions of the controller 402 may be distributed among a plurality of modules (not shown).
  • the controller 402 may apply a blending model 406, such as a blending model described in connection with step 110 of FIG. 1A, to the inputs 404 to determine a solvent fraction 408 of a corresponding blend of solvent and heavy oil. It may be appreciated that the solvent fraction 408 represents the real world physical amount/concentration of solvent in the blend.
  • the controller 402 is in electrical communication with a computer readable medium 410.
  • the computer readable medium 410 may be any appropriate mechanism for storing and retrieving electronic instructions 412 such as a magnetic medium (e.g., a disk or tape); a magneto-optical or optical medium (e.g., a disk); a solid state medium (e.g., a memory card) as well as art-recognized equivalents and successor technologies.
  • the medium 410 may be physically integrated with the controller 402, as illustrated in FIG. 4, remotely located from the controller 402 (not shown), or a combination thereof.
  • the medium i.e., media
  • Each set of instructions 412 may comprise one or more individual instructions for generating one or more output signals 414 based at least in part on the solvent fraction 408.
  • an output signal 414 may be implemented to control at least one step in a solvent recovery process, such as the solvent recovery process 214.
  • an output signal 414 may be implemented to control at least one step in a solvent- based heavy oil production process, such as the production processes 226 and/or 226'.
  • an output signal 414 may correlate the determined solvent fraction 408 to an effectiveness of a corresponding solvent-based production process (such as the production processes 226 and/or 226'), a corresponding solvent recovery process (such as the recovery process 214), and/or the like.
  • the exemplary environment 500 may include a system computer 512, which may be implemented as any conventional personal computer or workstation, such as a UNIX-based workstation.
  • the system computer 512 may be in electronic communication with data storage devices 510, 514, and 516 (e.g., disk storage devices) which may be external storage devices, internal storage devices, or a combination of internal and external storage devices.
  • Electronic communication between external storage devices and the system computer 512 may be established via any suitable mechanism such as via a local area network, USB cable, parallel data cable, serial data cable, firewire cable, and/or remote access.
  • storage devices 510, 514, and 516 are illustrated as separate devices, a single storage device may be used to store any and all of the corresponding information (e.g., program instructions, data, and results) as desired.
  • the input data are stored in storage device 514.
  • the system computer 512 may retrieve the appropriate data from the storage device 514 to perform operations according to program instructions that correspond to the methods described herein.
  • the program instructions may be written in a computer programming language, such as C++,
  • the program instructions may be stored in a computer-readable memory, such as program storage device 516.
  • the memory medium storing the program instructions may be of any conventional type used for the storage of computer programs, including hard disk drives, floppy disks, CD-ROMs and other optical media, magnetic tape, and the like.
  • the system computer 512 presents output onto graphics display 506, or alternatively via printer 508.
  • the system computer 512 may store the results of the methods described above on storage device 510, for later use and further analysis.
  • the keyboard 504 and the pointing device (e.g., a mouse, trackball, or the like) 502 may be provided with the system computer 512 to enable interactive operation with an operator.
  • the system computer 512 may be located at a data center remote from the corresponding reservoir (such as the reservoir 202 of FIGs 2 and 3).
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of test data illustrating the relationship between different NBMs and the concentration of a solvent, such as 208, in a solvent/heavy oil blend, such as 210 and/or 216. More specifically, the amount of nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V), measured in parts per million on the left Y-axis, are plotted against the solvent concentration, in weight percent solvent, on the X-axis.
  • the solvent may be a gas plant condensate.
  • R 2 in the plot indicates the correlation coefficient between the known and NBM- measured solvent concentration; an R 2 closer to 1 indicating an excellent fit.
  • the resulting plots illustrate a substantially linear relationship between these NBMs and the concentration of a corresponding solvent in a blend.
  • the amount of sulfur (S) and micro-carbon residue (MCR), measured in parts per million on the right Y-axis, are plotted against the solvent concentration, in weight percent solvent, on the X-axis.
  • the resulting plots also illustrate a substantially linear relationship between the two NBMs and the concentration of a corresponding solvent in a blend.
  • Hypercube sampling is preferred to Monte-Carlo sampling as the former requires fewer samples to reproduce the chosen distribution.
  • An example of a distribution generated for bitumen sulfur using Latin Hypercube sampling is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the NBM variation in bitumen can be determined and taken into account in the solvent fraction determination by measuring the bitumen in the core samples from different parts of the reservoir.
  • the NBM variation in bitumen may generally be handled by taking bitumen samples during the warm-up period of the process (when solvent typically is not injected or produced) and analyzing the bitumen for NBM.
  • the present invention represents an improvement in solvent surveillance for solvent-based heavy oil recovery processes.
  • the present invention may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, and the exemplary embodiments discussed above have been shown only by way of example. It should again be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein. Indeed, the present invention includes all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents falling within the true spirit and scope of the appended claims.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne la surveillance de solvants dans la production de pétrole brut lourd. Un procédé comprend les étapes consistant à mesurer une quantité d'un marqueur de bitume natif (NBM) dans du pétrole brut lourd, à mesurer une quantité de NBM dans un solvant d'aide à la récupération, à mesurer une quantité de NBM dans un mélange comprenant le pétrole brut lourd et le solvant d'aide à la récupération, et à appliquer un modèle de mélange afin de déterminer une fraction du solvant d'aide à la récupération dans le mélange.
PCT/US2010/056229 2009-12-07 2010-11-10 Surveillance de solvants dans des processus de récupération de pétrole brut lourd utilisant des solvants WO2011071651A1 (fr)

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US11662288B2 (en) 2020-09-24 2023-05-30 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method for measuring API gravity of petroleum crude oils using angle-resolved fluorescence spectra

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CA2915596C (fr) * 2014-12-18 2023-04-25 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Procede d'amelioration de petrole lourd in situ

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