Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
  • H02P21/13—Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
  • H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
  • H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
  • H02P21/16—Estimation of constants, e.g. the rotor time constant
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
  • H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
  • H02P21/18—Estimation of position or speed
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
  • H02P23/14—Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the control domain of synchronous machines with permanent magnets (MSAP).
• a permanent magnet synchronous machine comprises a stator and a rotor.
• the stator comprises windings connected in a star and the rotor comprises permanent magnets.
• an MSAP is powered by an inverter which makes it possible to reduce the rate of ripple of currents and torque of the machine.
• An MSAP has high torque and very low inertia. In addition, it has relatively low inductances, resulting in rapid responses of currents and therefore torque.
• MSAPs in the motorization of high power and high performance actuators, in particular in the onboard systems of an aircraft.
• FIG. 5 schematically represents a system comprising a control device 101, an inverter 111 and an MSAP 103.
• the inverter 111 supplies the MSAP 103 from a DC voltage. It allows to impose on the terminals the MSAP 103 of amplitude and frequency voltages adjustable by the control device 101.
• the control device 101 is configured to vectorially control the voltages of the inverter 111 as a function of the electrical data 106 of return and especially of a precise data on the position ⁇ of the rotor. This information usually comes from a position or speed sensor placed on the shaft of the machine.
• the MSAP can also be modeled in a very simple way in a rotating reference linked to the rotor.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a rotating reference mark d-q linked to the rotor (called a Park mark) comprising a direct axis Od and a quadrature axis Oq.
• the direct axis Od is at an angle ⁇ relative to a fixed axis OOC linked to the stator. More precisely, the angle ⁇ designates the position of the rotor marked by its excitation axis Od.
• Vq Ri i + L - ⁇ ⁇ pC1Lid + e i
• a rotary reference estimation ⁇ - ⁇ whose position i3- and speed ⁇ ⁇ are known.
• the axis O 0 of the estimation mark ⁇ - ⁇ is at an angle ⁇ 3 with respect to the fixed axis O a and an angle ⁇ with respect to the axis Od.
• the angle ⁇ indicates the offset between the axes O0 and Od
• the problem of sensorless vector control then consists in determining the angular velocity ⁇ ⁇ so that the positional deviation ⁇ between i3- and ⁇ is canceled.
• ⁇ ⁇ Ri y + L-- - p ⁇ l c Li s + e y with ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ and 3 ⁇ 4, i the voltage and current components in the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate system, ⁇ ⁇ the angular velocity of the ⁇ - ⁇ , and e 5 , e y the components of the fem in the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate system defined by the following relations:
• the e 5 , e y components of the femur are estimated in the ⁇ - ⁇ estimation rotating marker. If this coincides with the d-q mark bound to the rotor, the direct component of the fem in the rotating estimate mark becomes zero. This gives a criterion which makes it possible to correct the position i3- and the speed ⁇ ⁇ of the rotating estimation mark ⁇ - ⁇ so that it synchronizes with the reference mark d - q linked to the rotor. Then, the position and the speed of the rotor are deduced directly from the position and the speed of the estimation mark ⁇ - ⁇ .
• the problem of sensorless vector control is then limited to determining a control law defining the angular velocity ⁇ ⁇ and the components of the stator voltages ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ in the ⁇ - ⁇ mark which guarantees the regulation of ⁇ to zero, and the components of the currents 3 ⁇ 4, i at their references href ref determined by the reference torque Y ref .
• Figure 7 schematically illustrates a sensorless control device.
• This control device comprises a torque-current converter 137, vector control means 119, and a modeling of the 114 inverter-MSAF assembly in the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate system.
• the converter 137 realizes the passage of the current torque by transforming the value of the reference torque (or costimetry torque) Y ref into reference currents 3 ⁇ 4 ,, i, corresponding in the ⁇ - ⁇ mark.
• This control law defines the angular velocity ⁇ ⁇ and the components of the stator voltages ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ in the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate system as a function of the components of the currents 3 ⁇ 4, i obtained from the measurements of the return currents, and the currents of the references i Sref , i yref .
• a sensorless control device is particularly robust because it includes one less sensing element. Thus, a sensorless control device is simpler to implement and can have a longer life than a control device with sensor.
• a position sensor is generally very accurate and therefore, a control device using a position sensor can regulate the voltages of the inverter supplying the MSAF with more precision than a sensorless control device.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a control device of an MSAF having an optimal reliability and a very high security which are major concerns in aeronautics.
• the present invention relates to a control device of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets "MSAP" comprising a stator and a rotor and powered by an inverter, the control device comprising:
• control means for controlling an operating point of the MSAP as a function of the position of the rotor and of the setpoint parameters
• estimating means for determining an estimate ⁇ of the position of the rotor in a Park reference frame ⁇ - ⁇ bound to the rotor, said estimation means comprising adjustment means for setting said estimated rotor position ⁇ in continuation with respect to said measured position of the rotor 0 m ,
• a fault detector for detecting a failure of said sensor
• a switch configured to connect the control means to the sensor so that the control means receive the measured position 6 m from the rotor as long as the fault detector does not signal any failure of said sensor, and otherwise to connect the control means to the control means; estimating so that the control means receives the estimated position ⁇ of the rotor when the fault detector signals a failure of said sensor.
• this device promotes the control of the MSAP with the measurement taken by the sensor and goes to control without a sensor when a sensor anomaly has been detected while allowing to avoid to have a large gap between the two positions at the moment when the command with sensor switches to a command without sensor.
• the estimation means comprise:
• an electromotive force estimator for estimating components ê, ê of the "fem” electromotive force in the Park reference frame of ⁇ - ⁇ estimation as a function of the quantities defined in said Park mark comprising components of the currents 3 ⁇ 4, i obtained from the measurements of the stator currents, the components of the stator voltages ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ corresponding to the setpoint voltages of the inverter, and a rotation speed ⁇ ⁇ of the rotor,
• a velocity estimator using said estimated components ê s , ê of the fem from the electromotive force estimator and using a nonlinear corrector to determine the rotation speed ⁇ ⁇ according to a control law having a global convergence domain comprising a single asymptotically stable equilibrium point corresponding to the logged operating point of the MSAP,
• the control device thus makes it possible to control the MSAP in the event of a sensor failure according to a control law presenting a domain overall convergence that limits convergence to the only desired operating point regardless of the position of the rotor relative to the stator.
• said speed estimator comprises a first estimator configured to determine a preliminary estimate ⁇ of the speed of rotation as a function of the estimated component de of the femur associated with the y axis and a physical parameter.
• K f predetermined depending on the characteristics of the permanent magnets of the rotor, according to the following formula:
• non-linear corrector configured to regulate the speed of rotation by introducing a correction term to said estimated value ⁇ of the speed of rotation according to the following formula:
• K li) .sign (ê s) with 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 and - ⁇ ⁇ b ⁇ - 1
• the non-linear signal can be towards a real reference of the rotor by controlling the electromotive force associated with e s the ⁇ axis to zero by making any undesired unstable operating point. This requires rapid convergence to the desired operating point while permitting inversion of the rotational speed.
• Said adjustment means are configured to make a PI between the position of the rotor 0 m measured and the position of the rotor ⁇ estimated.
• the adjustment means may advantageously comprise an inhibiting means for inhibiting the adjustment means when a failure of said sensor is detected.
• the correction provided by the adjustment means is advantageously inhibited since the position of the measured rotor 0 m is likely to be false.
• said estimation means comprise initialization means for resetting the estimation of the position of the rotor ⁇ with a last estimate ⁇ 0 of the position of the rotor before the detection of a failure of the sensor.
• the invention also relates to a synchronous machine with permanent magnet MSAP comprising a control device according to the above characteristics.
• the invention also relates to an actuator in an aircraft comprising an MSAP according to the above characteristics.
• the invention also relates to a method for controlling a synchronous machine with permanent magnets "MSAP" comprising a stator and a rotor and fed by an inverter, the control method comprising the following steps:
• the control method further comprises the following steps:
• the control method further comprises the following steps:
• K 1- ⁇ . ⁇ "() With 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 and -! - ⁇ b ⁇ -
• the invention also relates to a computer program comprising instructions for implementing the control method above.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically a control device of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets "MSAP" according to the invention
• FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents an embodiment of the control device of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents an embodiment of the speed estimator illustrated in FIG. 2;
• FIGS. 4A and 4B schematically show particular embodiments of the adjustment means illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;
• FIG. 5 diagrammatically represents a device for controlling an MSAP, according to the prior art
• FIG. 6 represents a Park marker linked to the rotor of an MSAP
• FIG. 7 schematically shows a control device of a sensorless MSAP, according to the prior art.
• FIG 1 schematically shows a control device 1 of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets "MSAP" 3, according to the invention.
• the MSAP 3 is powered by an inverter 11 which imposes the voltages v a , v b , v c across the stator windings 5.
• the inverter-MSAP assembly according to a three-phase model is shown schematically by the block 13.
• the control device 1 comprises a position sensor 15, electrical measurement means 17, and control means 19.
• the position sensor 15 is a resolver (for example, a Hall effect sensor or any other type of resolver) mounted on the MSAP 3 to accurately take the measurement 0 m from the position of the rotor 7.
• the position can also be determined indirectly by measuring the speed of rotation of the rotor instead of its position.
• the position sensor may include means for measuring the rotational speed and an integrator for determining the position.
• the electrical measurement means 17 are configured to measure electrical return data and more particularly, to measure the stator currents i a , i b , i c of the MSAP 3.
• the control means 19 receive signals on the position of the rotor, signals on the stator currents i a , i b , i c measured by the electrical measurement means 17, and data on the reference torque Y ref and / or the reference rotation l ref .
• the control means 19 comprise a transformation interface 21 between the three-phase model of the inverter-MSAP 13 assembly and a two-phase model in a Park reference system. This transformation makes it possible to transform the physical quantities of a three-phase model towards a two-phase model and vice versa, as a function of the position of the rotor 7.
• control means 19 can control or control the operating point of the MSAP 3 (i.e., the desired operating point or logged by the reference torque ⁇ , and / or the reference rotation ⁇ rej,) as a function of the position of the rotor 9, the setpoint parameters (Y ref and / or ref ), as well as the electrical return data.
• control device 1 further comprises estimation means 23, a fault detector 25, and a transition switch 27.
• the estimating means 23 are configured to determine an estimate ⁇ of the position of the rotor 7 in the estimate Park mark ⁇ - ⁇ . As will be seen in more detail below with reference to FIG. 2, this estimate can be made by correcting the position ⁇ - of the rotating estimation mark ⁇ - ⁇ so that it synchronizes with the reference mark dq linked to the rotor. (see also Figure 6).
• the fault detector 25 is configured to detect a possible failure of the sensor 15.
• the fault detector 25 may, for example, consist of a fault signal that is generated or delivered by the sensor 15 itself when it falls. Out of order .
• the switch 27 is configured to connect the control means 19 either to the estimation means 23 or to the position sensor 15 according to whether the failure signal S indicates that the sensor 15 has failed or not.
• the switch 27 maintains the connection between the control means 19 and the position sensor 15 so that that the control means 19 receive the measured position 6 m from the rotor 7.
• the switch 27 then connects the control means 19 to the estimation means 23 so that the control means 19 receive the estimated position ⁇ of the rotor 7.
• the switch 27 makes it possible to make a transition from a sensor control to a sensorless control of the MSAP 3. This makes it possible to increase the availability of the MSAP 3 in degraded mode. Of course, as soon as the position sensor 15 is repaired, the control of the MSAP 3 can be done again with the position sensor 15.
• FIG. 1 as well as FIGS. 2-4B are also illustrations of the main steps of the control method according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the control device of FIG. 1.
• This diagram shows that the estimation means 23 comprise an electromotive force estimator 31, a speed estimator 33, and an integrator 35.
• the control means 19 comprise a torque-current converter 37 and a current regulator 39. in addition to the transformation interface 21.
• the torque-current converter 37 converts the value of the reference torque ⁇ rej into reference currents i S ref , i yref corresponding in the estimate Park mark ⁇ - ⁇ . Moreover, the transformation interface 21 transforms the stator currents i a , i b , i c measured by the electrical measurement means 17 into components of the currents 3 ⁇ 4, i in the ⁇ - ⁇ mark of Park.
• the current regulator 39 receives the reference currents i Sref , i yref from the torque-current converter 37 and the components of the currents 3 ⁇ 4, i in the ⁇ - ⁇ reference frame from the transformation interface 21 to determining the components of the stator voltages ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ in the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate system corresponding to the setpoint voltages of the inverter 11.
• the transformation interface 21 receives these components of the stator voltages ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ according to the two-phase model and converts them into set voltages v a , v, v of the inverter 11 according to the three-phase model.
• the sensorless vector control consists in estimating the angular velocity ⁇ ⁇ so that the positional deviation ⁇ between l3- and ⁇ vanishes (see FIG. 6).
• the electromotive force estimator 31 receives the components of the currents 3 ⁇ 4, i from the transformation interface
• the rotational speed ⁇ ⁇ of the rotor is estimated in a loop by the speed estimator 33 as a function of the estimates ê s , ê of the femem determined by the electromotive force estimator 31 and by regulating the component ê s to zero.
• the rotational speed ⁇ ⁇ of the rotor is initialized by a predetermined initial value ⁇ ⁇ 0 .
• the speed estimator 31 uses a non-linear corrector to determine the rotation speed ⁇ ⁇ according to a control law having a global convergence domain comprising a single asymptotically stable equilibrium point in the sense of Lyapunov. This equilibrium point corresponds to the MSAF 3 recorded operating point.
• Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the speed estimator 33.
• the functional diagram of the speed estimator 33 comprises a first speed estimator 43, a comparator 45, first and second sign indicators 47 and 49, an adder 51, and a nonlinear corrector 53.
• the first velocity estimator 43 is intended to determine a preliminary estimate ⁇ of the rotational speed as a function of the estimated component ⁇ .
• the second sign indicator 49 is intended to indicate the sign of the component e s .
• the nonlinear corrector 53 is intended to introduce nonlinear terms in order to make any undesired point of convergence of the control law unstable or to avoid convergence to any undesired solution.
• the adder 51 is intended to add the nonlinear terms to the preliminary estimate ⁇ to determine the rotation speed ⁇ ⁇ .
• the first velocity estimator 43 calculates the quotient between the component of the feme associated with the ⁇ axis and a predetermined physical parameter K f depending on the characteristics of the permanent magnets of the rotor, according to the following formula:
• the nonlinear corrector 53 introduces a correction term according to the sign sign () of the preliminary estimate ⁇ of the speed of rotation, of a predetermined operating parameter b, of the physical parameter K f , of the component E of the emf associated with the ⁇ -axis, and finally a non-linear factor, which depends on the sign of the component E s and a predetermined coefficient ⁇ by the following formula:
• the adder 51 then adds the above correction term to the preliminary estimate ⁇ to determine the speed of rotation ⁇ l c according to the following formula:
• the operating parameter b is advantageously between 0 and 3 (0 ⁇ b ⁇ 3) and preferably close to 1.
• the integrator 35 integrates the speed of rotation ⁇ ⁇ from the velocity estimator 33 to determine the estimate ⁇ of the position of the rotor.
• the estimation means 23 may comprise means for permanently adjusting the position of the estimated rotor.
• FIG. 4A shows adjustment means 61 that can be included in the estimation means 23. These adjustment means 61 are configured to make a PI on the difference between the measured rotor position 0 m and the rotor position ⁇ estimated in order to put the latter in pursuit with respect to the position of the rotor 0 m measured.
• the adjustment means 61 may comprise a position comparator 63 to constantly compare the position of the rotor 0 m measured by the position sensor 15 with the position of the rotor ⁇ estimated from the integrator 35, a PI filter or gain multiplier 65 to effect a feedback so that the integration does not diverge and an additional integrator 67 to synchronize the position of the estimated rotor Marie with rotor position
• the comparison and the counter-reaction is done continuously to prevent the estimated value ⁇ of the position of the rotor from diverging because during the use of the position sensor 15, the estimated value ⁇ would be in open loop.
• the last estimated value of the rotational speed ⁇ ⁇ from the speed estimator 33 at this time is injected into the integrator 35 at the time of the control switchover.
• the difference between the last values measured 0 m and estimated ⁇ is advantageously very small.
• FIG. 4A shows that the adjustment means 61 comprise an inhibition means 71 to inhibit the adjustment means 61 when the failure detector 25 indicates a failure of the position sensor 15.
• This inhibiting means 71 may simply comprise a multiplier which makes the product between the failure signal S and the correction of the the position of the rotor delivered by the additional integrator 67.
• the adjustment means take into account the values measured 0 m from the position of the rotor.
• FIG. 4B shows that the estimating means 23 may further comprise initialization means 73 for resetting the estimation of the position of the rotor ⁇ with the last estimate ⁇ 0 before the detection of a failure of the position sensor 15 .
• the initialization means 73 comprise a memory for storing the last value of the position of the rotor (estimated ⁇ or corrected 0 C ) still good.
• the failure signal S when a failure is detected, the failure signal S generates a trigger on for example a downlink signal that the integration is reset by the last estimate ⁇ 0 of the rotor position.
• the torque in the transient state between the two controls does not oscillate.
• control device may comprise processing or calculation means having one or more computer programs comprising code instructions for implementing the control method according to the invention when the program or programs computers are executed by these different elements.
• the invention also aims at a computer program product that can be implemented in the various elements of the control device, this program comprising code instructions adapted to the implementation of a method according to the invention. invention as described above.
• the system comprising the MSAP and its control according to the invention can be advantageously used in the motorization of actuators in the onboard systems of an aircraft.
• it can be used in the compressor, the ventilation system, the thrust reversers, the doors, as well as in many other equipment of the aircraft.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
• Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-12-11 FR FR0958879A patent/FR2954020B1/fr active Active
• 2010
  • 2010-12-10 WO PCT/EP2010/069406 patent/WO2011070165A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2010-12-10 EP EP10796330.8A patent/EP2510612B1/fr active Active
  • 2010-12-10 JP JP2012542565A patent/JP5782449B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-12-10 RU RU2012129165/07A patent/RU2561879C2/ru active
  • 2010-12-10 US US13/513,362 patent/US8648556B2/en active Active
  • 2010-12-10 CN CN201080056106.3A patent/CN102783012B/zh active Active
  • 2010-12-10 BR BR112012013747-6A patent/BR112012013747B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-12-10 CA CA2782558A patent/CA2782558C/fr active Active

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