Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
  • F02P3/00—Other installations
  • F02P3/02—Other installations having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
  • F02P3/04—Layout of circuits
  • F02P3/0407—Opening or closing the primary coil circuit with electronic switching means
  • F02P3/0435—Opening or closing the primary coil circuit with electronic switching means with semiconductor devices
  • F02P3/0442—Opening or closing the primary coil circuit with electronic switching means with semiconductor devices using digital techniques
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
  • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
  • F02P15/08—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
  • F02P15/00—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits
  • F02P15/10—Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F02P1/00 - F02P13/00 and combined with layout of ignition circuits having continuous electric sparks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
  • F02P3/00—Other installations
  • F02P3/02—Other installations having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
  • F02P3/04—Layout of circuits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
  • F02D2041/2003—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils using means for creating a boost voltage, i.e. generation or use of a voltage higher than the battery voltage, e.g. to speed up injector opening
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
  • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
  • F02D2041/2058—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using information of the actual current value

Definitions

• Ignition coil is on the primary side according to their Induk ⁇ tivity from the vehicle electrical system voltage partially loaded into their shet ⁇ ment area.
• the charging is interrupted by means of an electronic circuit, for example by an ignition IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
• ignition IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
• this builds up a voltage of, for example, 5 kV to 35 kV, which leads to an over ⁇ impact in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in the spark gap of the spark plug. Subsequently, the energy stored in the coil dissipates in the ignition plasma.
• Combustion chamber pressures to improve the engine efficiency he ⁇ increase the breakdown resistance in the spark gap and force an increase in the breakdown voltage, which also has an influence on the spark plug wear.
• the latter becomes secondary in künfti ⁇ gen supercharged engine generations Voltage rises far beyond the 35kV lead.
• Both the increasing breakdown voltages and the intensifying flow conditions at the spark plug tend to shorten the burning time of the spark, since ever greater proportions of the energy stored in the coil must be made available for sparking and sustaining.
• a promising trend in the development of new combustion processes is the use of multiple sparks, whereby the coil energy is efficiently transferred to the mixture in short intervals, which increases the flameproofness.
• ignition coil When currently in use detonators designed as a transformer with magnetic storage capability ignition coil is initially loaded on the primary side of the 12V board power supply up to a current of about 8A.
• a secondary diode mounted blocking diode prevents ei ⁇ ne unwanted sparking during the charging phase.
• At the ignition ⁇ time is interrupted by means of an electronic switch - eg an IGBT - the current flow.
• the collapse of the magnetic field of the ignition coil now induces a voltage increase on the primary and secondary side. Due to the used semiconductor technology of the IGBT, the primary voltage is limited to a typical 400V. On the secondary side, however, the voltage reaches a much higher value, which is initially determined by the transformation ratio of the transformer. In a conventional ratio of 1:80 is thus a maxi ⁇ male secondary voltage of 32kV results. However, this voltage is not reached in practice, since already before a voltage breakthrough ⁇ between the electrodes of the spark plug followed by arc, whereupon the secondary voltage drops abruptly to the value of the arc voltage. Typical values for the breakdown voltage are 5kV to 35kV and depend strongly on the electrode spacing, the combustion chamber pressure and the gas temperature.
• the arc voltage of the arc is in the range of a few kV.
• Csec is the secondary effective capacity
• Lh is the main inductance of the transformer
• the ignition coil is designed as a pure transformer with low storage capacity.
• a primary voltage of 200V is required to achieve a breakdown voltage of eg 20 kV, which in turn requires a complex and expensive voltage converter.
• the efficiency of the voltage converter which in turn reduces the Contrex ⁇ kungsgrad the ignition system.
• the use of such an alternating voltage ignition can solve the combustion technical problem but is also suitable from Kos ⁇ tencommunn only for luxury cars. So far, the spark plug wear associated with rising spark energy has had to be accepted or ignited. critical operating conditions could not be rea ⁇ lembl the production engine.
• the problem underlying the invention is a significant improvement in the ignition behavior at the same time wesent ⁇ lich increased life of the spark plug. Also, the components of a conventional ignition system should be able to be used without additional cost ⁇ .
• the object is achieved according to claim 1 by a method for operating an ignition device for an internal combustion engine, which is formed with a trained as a transformer coil, a connected to the secondary winding of the ignition coil, a series-connected to the primary winding of the ignition coil controllable switching element and one with the primary winding of Ignition coil and the control input of the switching element connected control unit is formed, solved.
• the control unit an a ⁇ adjustable supply voltage for the ignition coil and an ANS control signal for the switching element depending on the flow through the primary and secondary windings of the ignition coil and the voltage between the connection point of the primary winding of the ignition coil with the switching element and the negative to - Connection of the supply voltage ready.
• the method has the following sequence: in a first phase (charging), the switching element is turned on by the drive signal to a first turn-on time and again non-conducting at the predetermined ignition time,
• the primary voltage or a voltage derived therefrom is compared with a first threshold value, and when the first threshold value is undershot by this voltage, the switching element is compared. ment to a second switch-conductive again ge ⁇ on,
• the supply voltage is controlled such that the current through the secondary winding of the ignition coil corresponds approximately to a predetermined current and the current through the primary winding of the ignition coil is compared with a predetermined second threshold and at the second threshold switched by this current, the switching element to a first turn-off time again non-conductive,
• the current through the secondary winding of the ignition coil is compared with a third threshold value, and when the third threshold value falls below this current, the switching element is again switched to a third turn-on time point,
• the third and the fourth phase are ge ⁇ repeated if necessary, until a predetermined burning time is reached at a point in time at which the switching element is valid final switched non-conductive.
• the knowledge is used that the candle wear in the conventional ignition system is significantly influenced by the height of the maximum current value during the burning phase of the arc.
• An approximately constant direct current causes significantly less wear at the same effective value than the conventional triangular secondary current with a high peak value.
• the polarity of the current flow once or more ⁇ times reversed, so the wear continues to decrease.
• the method according to the invention and the ignition device according to the invention have the following special features:
• the trained as a transformer ignition coil is operated conventionally until the first breakthrough of the spark. After the breakthrough, the spark is essentially fed from the primary side of the transformer.
• a va riable ⁇ supply voltage is used such that the se- kundär workede current has a desired time profile.
• There is a recharging of the main inductance in order to re-ignite quickly when He ⁇ delete the spark. Due to the operation of the transformer variable versor ⁇ supply voltage premature sparking (Power ⁇ spark) avoided.
• the state of charge of the transformer can be set during the burning period. It can be shown a Ent ⁇ coupling of charging time and charging energy, in-which the supply voltage is regulated on reaching the target current to a constant current.
• transformer an AC operation by alternately supplying the spark from the primary-side supply ⁇ voltage and the energy stored in the ignition transformer. This always reverses the polarity of the current and voltage across the spark plug.
• the burning time of the spark can be made almost free. Multiple sparks are possible by fast charging with the available high voltage considering the residual energy of the coil.
• the spark can be actively switched off by reducing the supply voltage below the transformed arc voltage with the IGBT switched on at the same time.
• the combination of reduced secondary peak current and polarity reversal now allows the arc to sustain much longer without compromising the life of the spark plug. The longer burning time of the arc significantly improves the flaming behavior.
• the inventive concept utilizes the components of be ⁇ standing ignition system completely, with the blocking diode is not used because the OF INVENTION ⁇ to the invention control advantageously in the ignition coil.
• the inventive concept also allows a significant reduction of the ignition coil, which is particularly advantageous for "pencil coils" because of the limited space in the plug shaft. Reducing the size of the ignition coil significantly reduces its production costs.
• the shaping of the spark energy according to the invention by means of control enables a largely freely selectable spark duration and freely selectable spark current profile. At the same time to be stored in the ignition coil energy is reduced to a value that is guaranteed with the still secure pitching the respective maximum he ⁇ waiting breakdown voltage.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ignition device according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is a detailed circuit of a control unit and Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the temporal relationships.
• 1 comprises a controllable supply voltage source DC / DC designed as a voltage converter for supplying one or more ignition coils ZS with a variable supply voltage Vsupply. It is supplied from the vehicle electrical system voltage V_bat of currently about 12V. It supplies one or more ignition coils ZS, advantageously no more blocking diode is needed.
• Conventional spark plugs ZK can be used, which are connected to the secondary winding of the ignition coil ZS.
• the primary winding of the ignition coil ZS is connected in series with a switching element, usually designed as an IGBT, for switching the ignition coil ZS.
• Devices are provided for detecting the primary voltage and the primary and secondary currents.
• a control unit SE generated in dependence on the detected loading ⁇ operating variables by means of the voltage converter DC / DC, the changed ⁇ Variable-supply voltage Vsupply and the drive signal for the switching element IGBT Control IGBT.
• the control unit SE is in turn controlled by a (not darges ⁇ set) microcontroller, which specifies via separate timing inputs in real time the ignition time per ignition coil. Via another interface - such as the common SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) - data can be see the microcontroller and the control unit SE are exchanged.
• a microcontroller which specifies via separate timing inputs in real time the ignition time per ignition coil.
• another interface - such as the common SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) - data can be see the microcontroller and the control unit SE are exchanged.
• SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
• the voltage converter DC / DC generates a supply voltage Vsupply from the 12V on-board supply V_bat.
• the value of this supply voltage Vsupply is dynamically controllable by means of the control signal V_Control at the control input Ctrl of the voltage converter DC / DC in a range of, for example, 2 to 30V.
• the voltage converter DC / DC can supply the required charging current for the respectively activated ignition coil ZS.
• ignition coil ZS can be a conventional type with a transmission ratio of, for example 1:80 serve, but can be dispensed with the usual today in use blocking diode. Depending on the number of cylinders of the gasoline engine used, for example, 3 to 8 ignition coils are required. Due to the method according to the invention, however, it is pos ⁇ lich to use an ignition coil with much lower maximum storage energy.
• spark plug ZK can serve a common type. Their exact design is determined by the use in the engine.
• a switching element IGBT a common type with an internal voltage limitation of, for example, 400V can also be used. Depending on the required charging current its required current carrying capacity can be reduced to but ⁇ .
• the signal V_Prim maps the primary voltage of the ignition coil ZS of up to 400V, which is reduced by means of a voltage divider comprising resistors R1 and R2, to a value range of, for example, 5V which can be used for the control unit SE.
• the value of the chip In the example mentioned, division is 1:80.
• the voltage divider Rl, R2 is arranged between the connection point of the primary winding of the ignition coil ZS and the switching element IGBT and the ground terminal 0.
• the ground terminal 0 is connected to the negative potential GND of the supply voltage Vsupply.
• a resistor R3 is connected in series with the primary winding and the switching element IGBT. By the reflection ⁇ stand R3 generates a charging current flowing to the current repre ⁇ animal voltage I_Prim.
• a resistor R4 is connected in series with the secondary winding of the ignition coil ZS.
• the current flowing through this resistor R4 secondary current generated the most resistance ⁇ stood R4 voltage drop I_Sec.
• the control unit SE comprises the voltage converter DC / DC and a control circuit Control. This captures the signals
• V_Prim, I_Prim and I_Sec compares them by means of voltage comparators Compl ... Comp4 according to FIG. Setpoints VI ... V5.
• the control unit SE triggers an ignition process, wherein the burning time and arc current are regulated.
• the supply voltage Vsupply is controlled according to the invention via the control signal V_Control, or the switching element IGBT is switched on and off via the drive signal IGBT_Control.
• the control signal V_Control is applied to the output of a controllable by the flow control ALS switching means SM and depending on the control either formed by a regulator circuit regulator or the sequence control ALS.
• control circuit Control is connected to the microcontroller via an SPI interface.
• the microcontroller can specify specifications for charging current, burning time,
• the controller can transmit status and diagnostic information to the microcontroller.
• Control sequence con ⁇ tion ALS can either by a microcontroller with software contained therein, as well as by a - from standard Lo ⁇ gic modules existing - hardware flow control (state machine) may be formed.
• the method comprises several consecutive phases.
• the switching element IGBT is switched on at the time t 1 via the control signal IGBT_Control by the control unit SE.
• the charging ⁇ current is detected as a signal I_Prim. Since no sec- där workede blocking diode is used must during the charging process ⁇ the supply voltage Vsupply timed to verän- dert that the secondary side induced clamping voltage ⁇ sure under the current breakdown voltage remains. Their value is essentially given by the instantaneous combustion chamber pressure, which changes continuously during the compression stroke. It is important that the charging current value ⁇ who speaks the desired storage energy ent ⁇ , is reached later than the ignition timing t2.
• IGBT_Control switched off. Driven by the collapse of the magnetic field now increase the primary and secondary voltage of the ignition coil ZS quickly.
• the Pri ⁇ märschreib shows - observable as a signal V_Prim - initially a very rapid rise to the use of the voltage limitation by the switching element IGBT at about 400V. The reason for this is the discharge of the primary leakage inductance. At ⁇ closing the primary-side voltage decreases again until it rises again - now with a sinusoidal voltage waveform. This voltage profile is due to the backtrans ⁇ formed secondary voltage.
• the secondary capa- Frequency which is formed by the secondary winding and the electrodes of the spark plug ZK, loaded with a resonant Umschwingvorgang from the main inductance and the secondary-side leakage inductance of the ignition coil ZS.
• the sinusoidal Umschwingvorgang is abruptly terminated and the Pri ⁇ märschreib falls to a value of 10V to 50V. This value, in turn, is composed of the supply voltage Vsupply and the back-transformed secondary-side arc voltage.
• the supply voltage V supply is provided at the beginning of the penetration phase by means of the control signal V_Control quickly to its maximum value of eg 30V what just ⁇ if not seen in Figure 3 in detail.
• the arc current is now to be kept constant, it is compared in a regulator circuit regulator with a first setpoint value V2.
• the output signal of the regulator circuit Reglerl is supplied via the corresponding control by the flow control ⁇ expensive switching means SM as control signal V_Control the voltage converter voltage ⁇ DC / DC and now controls the supply voltage Vsupply ⁇ such that the secondary current I_Sec the setpoint V2 corresponds.
• the supply voltage Vsupply will initially assume a value of, for example, 20V, which rises steadily as the burning duration continues.
• IGBT_Control the switching element IGBT at time t4 off again.
• the supply voltage Vsupply is in turn quickly set by the control signal V_Control to its maximum value of eg 30V.
• V_Control the maximum value of eg 30V.
• the collapse of the magnetic field now drives the secondary voltage into positive Rich ⁇ tung, up - takes place at a voltage of about + AFR a renewed breakthrough with subsequent arc phase.
• This re-phase sheet is now fed by the previously stored energy in the Hauptinduk- tivity, wherein the (now ⁇ positi ve) secondary-side arc current decreases continuously. Since the renewed breakthrough has occurred at much lower voltage, much less energy is required to charge the secondary capacitance, and the remaining residual energy essentially corresponds to the previously stored energy.
• the secondary-side arc current is compared with a third voltage comparator Comp3 against a third threshold value V4 via the signal I_Sec. If the value of I_Sec below the third threshold value V4, so change of the out ⁇ stand of the third voltage comparator Comp3, and the switching element ⁇ IGBT is turned on again at time t5. Since ⁇ takes place by Ström a new arc phase with negative arc, as described above.
• the first threshold VI can be made dynamic, whereby a variable fuel flow profile can be generated. Examples play as can rise with increasing burning time of the arc current, which increases the Entflammcertain without affecting the candles ⁇ wear-negative.
• the arc may go out, e.g. caused by blowing due to increased turbulence in the electrode area or by wetting the electrodes with fuel droplets. If this occurs in an arc phase when the switching element IGBT is switched on, then the secondary current spontaneously drops to zero and can be detected by observing the signal I_Sec.
• the signal I_Sec is compared by a fourth voltage comparator Comp4 with a fourth threshold V5 and turned off when this threshold V5 is exceeded by the signal I_Sec the switching element IGBT, whereupon a renewed breakthrough takes place. Subsequently, the sequence of the arc phase described above takes place.
• the sequence of multiple ignition essentially corresponds to the operating phases described above.
• the burning phase is greatly shortened, about 0.1ms compared to the usual 0.5ms to 1.5ms.
• the ignition is repeated several times in rapid succession.
• the following firing phase (with the switching element IGBT switched on) is interrupted at the desired time by lowering the supply voltage Vsupply. This is rapidly lowered to a value that is required to maintain the charging current and safely below the back-transformed arc voltage of the arc. The spark thus spontaneously goes out and the coil remains charged.
• the switching element IGBT will now turn off and he ⁇ follows a renewed breakthrough with subsequent arc phase. This process can now be repeated several times according to the default setting.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

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• 2009
  • 2009-12-11 DE DE102009057925A patent/DE102009057925B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-12-08 WO PCT/EP2010/069221 patent/WO2011070089A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-12-08 RU RU2012129185/07A patent/RU2012129185A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-12-08 CN CN201080063551.2A patent/CN102741544B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-12-08 KR KR1020127018037A patent/KR101778010B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2010-12-08 IN IN5108DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN05108A/en unknown
  • 2010-12-08 BR BR112012014053A patent/BR112012014053A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-12-08 US US13/515,190 patent/US8985090B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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