WO2011065002A1 - 電源アダプタ、dc/dcコンバータの制御回路および機器側コネクタ、dc/dcコンバータ、それを用いた電源装置、ならびに電子機器 - Google Patents
電源アダプタ、dc/dcコンバータの制御回路および機器側コネクタ、dc/dcコンバータ、それを用いた電源装置、ならびに電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011065002A1 WO2011065002A1 PCT/JP2010/006890 JP2010006890W WO2011065002A1 WO 2011065002 A1 WO2011065002 A1 WO 2011065002A1 JP 2010006890 W JP2010006890 W JP 2010006890W WO 2011065002 A1 WO2011065002 A1 WO 2011065002A1
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- voltage
- electronic device
- converter
- signal
- control circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/005—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting using a power saving mode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/005—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting using a power saving mode
- H02J9/007—Detection of the absence of a load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a DC / DC converter control technology.
- Electronic devices such as laptop computers, mobile phone terminals, and PDAs (Personal Digital Assisntats) operate with power from the built-in battery, operate with power from an external power source, and operate from an external power source.
- the built-in battery can be charged with the power of
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power adapter.
- the power adapter 200 includes an outlet plug 202 for receiving the AC voltage Vac, a device-side connector 206, a diode bridge circuit 208, a smoothing capacitor C1, and a DC / DC converter 210.
- the outlet plug 202 receives the commercial AC voltage Vac in a state where it is inserted into the plug receptacle 201 of the wiring plug connector.
- the diode bridge circuit 208 performs full-wave rectification on the AC voltage Vac.
- the smoothing capacitor C1 smoothes the voltage rectified by the diode bridge circuit 208.
- the DC / DC converter 210 converts the voltage level of the smoothed DC voltage.
- a DC voltage Vdc stabilized at a certain voltage level by the DC / DC converter 210 is supplied to the electronic device 1 via the device-side connector 206.
- the diode bridge circuit 208, the smoothing capacitor C1, and the DC / DC converter 210 are built in the housing 204, and the housing 204 and the outlet plug 202 are connected by cables and the housing 204 and the device side connector 206 are connected by cables. Yes.
- An aspect of the present invention has been made in view of these problems, and one of exemplary purposes thereof is to provide a power supply with reduced power consumption.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of the power adapter examined by the present inventors.
- the specific configuration of the power adapter 200 should not be regarded as a general technique well known to those skilled in the art.
- the power adapter 200 includes an outlet plug 202 for receiving the AC voltage Vac, a diode bridge circuit 208, an input capacitor C1, and a DC / DC converter 210.
- the outlet plug 202 receives the commercial AC voltage Vac in a state where it is inserted into the plug receptacle 201 of the wiring plug connector.
- the diode bridge circuit 208 performs full-wave rectification on the AC voltage Vac.
- the input capacitor C1 smoothes the voltage rectified by the diode bridge circuit 208.
- the DC / DC converter 210 converts the voltage level of the smoothed DC voltage.
- a DC voltage Vout stabilized at a certain voltage level by the DC / DC converter 210 is supplied to the electronic device.
- the diode bridge circuit 208, the input capacitor C1, and the DC / DC converter 210 are built in the housing 204.
- the present inventors have studied such a power adapter 200 and have come to recognize the following problems.
- the DC / DC converter 210 mainly includes a switching transistor M1, a transformer T1, a first diode D1, a first output capacitor Co1, a control circuit 212, and a feedback circuit 214.
- the feedback circuit 214 is a so-called photocoupler, and feeds back a feedback signal indicating the output voltage Vout to the control circuit 212.
- the control circuit 212 controls the ON / OFF duty ratio of the switching transistor M1 using pulse modulation so that the output voltage Vout matches the target value.
- the control circuit 212 can be operated with a power supply voltage Vcc of about 10V. However, if this is driven using a voltage (about 140V) smoothed by the input capacitor C1, the efficiency will deteriorate. Since the voltage Vout stepped down by the DC / DC converter 210 is generated on the secondary side of the transformer T1, the voltage Vout cannot be supplied to the control circuit 212 provided on the primary side.
- an auxiliary coil L3 is provided on the primary side of the transformer T1.
- the auxiliary coil L3, the second diode D2, and the second output capacitor Co2 function as an auxiliary DC / DC converter for generating the power supply voltage Vcc for the control circuit 212.
- a pulsed voltage VD synchronized with the on / off of the switching transistor M1 is generated at one end N3 of the auxiliary coil L3.
- This pulse voltage VD becomes the ground voltage (0 V) when the switching transistor M1 is on.
- the voltage jumps to a high voltage of several tens of volts.
- the capacitance value of the second output capacitor Co2 is sufficiently large, the influence of the jump of the one end N3 of the auxiliary coil L3 can be alleviated, and the power supply voltage Vcc becomes a stable voltage to some extent.
- the capacitance of the second output capacitor Co2 is increased, the rising speed of the power supply voltage Vcc is slowed down, so that the capacitance value of the second output capacitor Co2 cannot be increased so much.
- the power supply voltage Vcc is affected by the jump of the voltage VD at one end N3 of the auxiliary coil L3, and rises to several tens V (for example, about 30V).
- the control circuit 212 is adversely affected. Specifically, there is a possibility that the overvoltage protection (OVP) of the control circuit 212 operates or the breakdown voltage of the control circuit 212 is exceeded.
- OVP overvoltage protection
- the jump of the voltage VD at the terminal N3 is caused by the leakage magnetic flux of the transformer T1. Therefore, by carefully designing the transformer T1, the jump of the voltage VD can be reduced, but another problem of increasing the cost of the transformer T1 occurs.
- An aspect of the present invention has been made in view of these problems, and one of exemplary purposes thereof is to provide a power supply circuit capable of suppressing fluctuations in power supply voltage with respect to the control circuit.
- An aspect of the present invention relates to a power adapter that receives an AC voltage, converts it to a DC voltage, and supplies the converted voltage to an electronic device.
- the power adapter includes a plug that receives an AC voltage when inserted into the plug receiver, a rectifier circuit that rectifies the AC voltage supplied through the plug, and a smoothing capacitor that smoothes the voltage rectified by the rectifier circuit.
- a DC / DC converter that receives the voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and converts it to a DC voltage having a level to be supplied to the electronic device, and is connected to the DC / DC converter via a cable
- a device-side connector configured to be detachable from the device and for supplying a DC voltage to the electronic device in a state of being connected to the electronic device.
- the device-side connector includes a detection unit that detects whether or not an electronic device is connected and generates a connection detection signal indicating the presence or absence of the connection.
- the control circuit of the DC / DC converter is connected to the detection unit of the device-side connector via a cable, and is activated when the connection detection signal indicates that the electronic device is connected, and the connection detection signal is connected to the electronic device. It is configured to be in a non-operating state when it indicates that there is no.
- the control circuit of the DC / DC converter when the device side connector is inserted into the connector receiver of the electronic device and the connection of the electronic device is confirmed, the control circuit of the DC / DC converter is operated, and the connection of the electronic device cannot be confirmed.
- the control circuit of the DC / DC converter can be shifted to a non-operating state (standby state), and power consumption in the standby state can be reduced.
- the electronic device may include a built-in battery charged by a DC voltage and a signal processing unit that generates a full charge detection signal indicating whether or not the built-in battery is in a fully charged state.
- the full charge detection signal may be input to the control circuit of the DC / DC converter via a cable in a state where the electronic device is connected to the device-side connector.
- the control circuit may be in a non-operating state when the full charge detection signal indicates the full charge state of the internal battery.
- the electronic device can operate with the power from the built-in battery, so there is no need to supply power from an external power adapter. Therefore, in this case, the standby power of the power adapter can be reduced by setting the control circuit to the standby state.
- the detection unit may detect a mechanical connection between the device-side connector and the electronic device.
- the detection unit may detect an electrical connection between the device-side connector and the electronic device.
- the DC / DC converter is built in a power supply adapter that receives an AC voltage, converts it to a DC voltage, and supplies it to an electronic device.
- the power adapter includes a device-side connector.
- the device-side connector is connected to the DC / DC converter via a cable and is configured to be detachable from the electronic device.
- a DC voltage is supplied to the electronic device via the device-side connector.
- the device-side connector includes a detection unit that detects whether or not an electronic device is connected and generates a connection detection signal that indicates the presence or absence of the connection.
- the control circuit is in an operating state when an enable terminal for receiving a connection detection signal from the device-side connector and the connection detection signal indicates that the electronic device is connected, and stabilizes the output voltage of the DC / DC converter by feedback.
- a control unit is provided. When the connection detection signal indicates that the electronic device is not connected, the control unit becomes inoperative and stops controlling the DC / DC converter.
- the power consumption of the power adapter when the electronic device is not connected can be reduced.
- the electronic device may include a built-in battery charged by a DC voltage and a signal processing unit that generates a full charge detection signal indicating whether or not the built-in battery is in a fully charged state.
- the control circuit may further include a second enable terminal for receiving a full charge detection signal.
- the control unit may be in a non-operating state when the full charge detection signal indicates the full charge state of the internal battery.
- Still another aspect of the present invention relates to a device-side connector of a power adapter that is detachably connected to an electronic device having a power supply terminal for receiving a DC voltage.
- the device-side connector includes a power supply terminal and a detection unit.
- the power supply terminal receives a direct current voltage from the DC / DC converter of the power adapter via a cable, and is disposed so as to face and be connected to the power terminal in a state where the device-side connector is connected to the electronic device.
- the detection unit detects whether or not an electronic device is connected to the device-side connector, and generates a connection detection signal indicating whether or not there is a connection.
- the device-side connector is configured such that the connection detection signal is supplied to the control circuit of the DC / DC converter via a cable.
- the control circuit of the DC / DC converter built in the power adapter can be shifted to a non-operating state, and power consumption can be reduced.
- the electronic device includes a built-in battery charged by a DC voltage, a signal processing unit that generates a full charge detection signal indicating whether or not the built-in battery is in a fully charged state, and a full charge detection signal for outputting the full charge detection signal to the outside. And a detection terminal.
- the device-side connector further includes a detection signal receiving terminal that is disposed so as to face and be connected to the detection terminal in a state where the device-side connector is connected to the electronic device, and that receives a full charge detection signal from the signal processing unit. Good.
- the device-side connector may be configured such that a full charge detection signal is supplied to the control circuit of the DC / DC converter via a cable.
- Still another aspect of the present invention relates to an electronic device that operates by receiving an AC voltage and can switch between a normal operation mode and a standby mode.
- An electronic device includes a plug that receives an AC voltage in a state of being inserted into the plug receiver, a rectifier circuit that rectifies the AC voltage supplied through the plug, and a smoothing capacitor that smoothes the voltage rectified by the rectifier circuit.
- a DC / DC converter that receives a voltage smoothed by a smoothing capacitor and converts it to a DC voltage having a predetermined level, and an output voltage of the DC / DC converter that receives the smoothed voltage at its power supply terminal
- a control circuit configured to control the DC / DC converter so that is constant, and is configured to be able to switch between an operating state and a non-operating state in accordance with a control signal input to an enable terminal thereof, and an electronic device Activation switch for receiving instructions to switch from standby mode to normal operation mode and normal operation mode of electronic devices
- a standby switch for receiving an instruction to switch to the standby mode, and an output voltage of the DC / DC converter at its power supply terminal, the electronic device performs predetermined signal processing in the normal operation mode, monitors the standby switch, and A signal processing unit that outputs a control signal indicating whether the device is in a normal operation mode or a standby mode to the enable terminal of the control circuit.
- the control circuit of the DC / DC converter can be deactivated to reduce the power consumption of the power supply portion of the electronic device.
- the control circuit may include a reference voltage circuit that generates a predetermined reference voltage, and a reference voltage terminal for outputting the reference voltage to the outside.
- the reference voltage may be supplied together with the output voltage of the DC / DC converter to the power supply terminal of the signal processing unit. According to this aspect, since the reference voltage is supplied instead of the DC voltage to the power supply terminal of the signal processing unit in the standby mode, the signal processing unit can be caused to execute the minimum signal processing in the standby mode. .
- This DC / DC converter includes a primary coil, a secondary coil, a transformer having an auxiliary coil provided on the primary coil side, a first output capacitor having a fixed potential at one end thereof, and other than the first output capacitor.
- a switching diode provided on the path of the primary coil, a potential of one end thereof, and a first diode provided between the end and one end of the secondary coil with the cathode facing the first output capacitor.
- the switch includes a control circuit that receives a voltage generated in the second output capacitor at its power supply terminal and controls on and off of the switching transistor.
- the mask switch may be turned off during a mask period from when the switching transistor is turned off until a predetermined time elapses.
- the mask switch may be turned off during the period when the switching transistor is turned off in addition to the mask period.
- the control circuit may have a terminal for outputting a mask signal for controlling the mask switch.
- the control circuit may generate a mask signal by delaying a control signal for the switching transistor.
- the power supply device may further include a feedback circuit that generates a feedback signal corresponding to a voltage generated in the first output capacitor.
- the control circuit may adjust the on / off duty ratio of the switching transistor so that the feedback signal approaches the target value.
- control circuit may adjust the duty ratio of the switching transistor on and off so that the feedback signal corresponding to the voltage generated in the second output capacitor approaches the target value. In this case, since it is not necessary to feed back the voltage of the first output capacitor to the control circuit, a feedback circuit such as a photocoupler becomes unnecessary.
- the mask switch may include a P-channel MOSFET (Metal / Oxide / Semiconductor / Field / Effect / Transistor) or a PNP bipolar transistor.
- MOSFET Metal / Oxide / Semiconductor / Field / Effect / Transistor
- PNP bipolar transistor Metal / Oxide / Semiconductor / Field / Effect / Transistor
- the control circuit includes an error amplifier that amplifies an error between the feedback signal and a target value thereof, a first comparator that generates an off signal that is asserted when the current flowing through the switching transistor reaches a level corresponding to the output signal of the error amplifier, A second comparator that generates an ON signal that is asserted when the potential of the node between the second diode and the auxiliary coil drops to a predetermined level, a flip-flop that changes its state based on the ON signal and the OFF signal, and a flip-flop A driver that drives the switching transistor based on the output signal of the flip-flop, and a mask signal generator that generates a mask signal based on the output signal of the flip-flop.
- the power supply apparatus includes: a rectifier circuit that rectifies an AC voltage; an input capacitor that smoothes the voltage rectified by the rectifier circuit; and the DC / DC according to any one of the above aspects that converts the voltage smoothed by the input capacitor.
- a converter that converts the voltage smoothed by the input capacitor.
- wasteful power consumption can be reduced.
- fluctuations in the power supply voltage with respect to the control circuit can be suppressed.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control circuit in FIG. 6. It is a time chart which shows operation
- the state in which the member A is connected to the member B means that the member A and the member B are physically directly connected, or the member A and the member B are electrically connected. The case where it is indirectly connected through another member that does not affect the state is also included.
- the state in which the member C is provided between the member A and the member B refers to the case where the member A and the member C or the member B and the member C are directly connected, as well as an electrical condition. It includes the case of being indirectly connected through another member that does not affect the connection state.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the power adapter 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the power adapter 100 receives an AC voltage Vac such as a commercial AC voltage, converts it to a DC voltage Vdc, and supplies it to the electronic device 1.
- Examples of the electronic device 1 include a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a mobile phone terminal, and a CD player, but are not particularly limited.
- the power adapter 100 includes an outlet plug 10, an outlet cable 12, a rectifier circuit 14, a smoothing capacitor C1, a resistor R1, a DC / DC converter 16, a control IC 30, a connector side cable 20, and a device side connector 22.
- the rectifier circuit 14, the smoothing capacitor C ⁇ b> 1, the DC / DC converter 16, and the control IC 30 are provided in the same housing 19.
- the outlet plug 10 and the housing 19 are connected by the outlet cable 12, and the device-side connector 22 and the housing 19 are connected by the connector-side cable 20.
- the outlet plug 10 is a socket that engages with the plug receptacle, and receives the AC voltage Vac when inserted into the plug receptacle.
- the rectifier circuit 14 performs full-wave rectification on the AC voltage Vac supplied via the outlet plug 10 and the outlet cable 12.
- the rectifier circuit 14 is, for example, a diode bridge circuit.
- the smoothing capacitor C ⁇ b> 1 smoothes the voltage rectified by the rectifier circuit 14.
- the DC / DC converter 16 receives the voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor C1, and converts it into a DC voltage Vdc having a level to be supplied to the electronic device 1.
- the DC / DC converter 16 includes a converter unit 16a and a feedback unit 16b.
- the topology of the converter unit 16a is not particularly limited, but FIG. 2 shows a converter using the transformer T1.
- the converter unit 16a includes a transformer T1 including a primary coil L1 and a secondary coil L2, a switching transistor M1 provided in the path of the primary coil L1, a rectifier diode D1 connected to the secondary coil L2, and a rectifier diode.
- An output capacitor C2 connected to the cathode side of D1 is provided.
- the feedback unit 16b is an isolated feedback circuit in which the primary side and the secondary side are insulated, and is configured using, for example, a photocoupler.
- the feedback unit 16b feeds back the output voltage Vdc of the DC / DC converter 16 to the control IC 30 and transmits a connection detection signal S1 generated by a device-side connector 22 described later to the control IC 30.
- the feedback unit 16b may be configured as a non-insulating type.
- the control IC 30 includes a feedback terminal FB, a switching signal generation unit 32, and a state monitoring unit 34.
- the switching signal generator 32 generates the switching signal SW OUT according to the feedback signal Vfb input to the feedback terminal FB, and switches the switching transistor M1.
- the switching transistor M1 may be built in the control IC 30.
- the control IC 30 controls the duty ratio of the switching signal SW OUT , that is, the ON period and the OFF period of the switching transistor M1 so that the feedback signal Vfb is constant, in other words, the DC voltage Vdc is constant (PWM: Pulse Width Modulation) or the frequency of the switching signal SW OUT is controlled (PFM: Pulse Frequency Modulation).
- the device-side connector 22 is connected to the DC / DC converter 16 via the connector-side cable 20.
- the device-side connector 22 is detachable from the electronic device 1 directly or indirectly. Directly detachable means that the device-side connector 22 directly fits into or comes into contact with a socket or plug provided in the electronic device 1, and indirectly detachable means an extension cable or the like The case where both are connected via the.
- the DC voltage Vdc and the ground potential Vgnd generated by the DC / DC converter 16 are output to the device-side connector 22 via the connector-side cable 20.
- Electronic device 1 includes a power supply terminal Vdc + for receiving DC voltage Vdc from power supply adapter 100, and a power supply terminal Vdc- for receiving ground potential Vgnd.
- the device-side connector 22 has voltage supply terminals P1 and P2 that are opposed to and electrically connected to the power supply terminal Vdc + and the power supply terminal Vdc- in a state of being connected to the electronic device 1.
- the voltage supply terminals P1 and P2 are connected to the plus output terminal OUT + and the minus output terminal OUT ⁇ of the DC / DC converter 16 via the cable 20, respectively.
- the device-side connector 22 includes a detection unit 24.
- the detection unit 24 detects whether or not the electronic device 1 is connected to the device-side connector 22. Then, the detection unit 24 generates a connection detection signal S1 indicating whether or not the electronic device 1 is connected. For example, the connection detection signal S1 is at a high level (asserted) when the electronic device 1 is connected, and is at a low level (negated) when not connected.
- the signal format of the connection detection signal S1 is not particularly limited.
- the detection unit 24 may detect the connection between the device-side connector 22 and the electronic device 1 using a mechanical mechanism. Alternatively, the detection unit 24 may detect the connection between the device-side connector 22 and the electronic device 1 using electrical signal processing such as voltage detection, current detection, and impedance detection.
- connection detection signal S1 is input to the enable terminal EN of the control IC 30 via the connector side cable 20 and the feedback unit 16b.
- the control IC 30 is configured to be able to switch between an operating state and a non-operating state (standby state).
- the switching signal generator 32 controls the switching transistor M1 based on the feedback signal Vfb.
- the switching signal generator 32 leaves the minimum necessary circuit blocks and stops the operation of the other circuit blocks so that the power consumption becomes substantially zero in the standby state. By stopping all unnecessary circuits, the power consumption can be suppressed to 50 mW or less, which can be called substantially zero power consumption.
- the state monitoring unit 34 switches between the operation state and the non-operation state of the switching signal generation unit 32 (control IC 30) according to the connection detection signal S1 input to the enable terminal EN. Specifically, the control IC 30 enters an operation state when the connection detection signal S1 indicates the connection of the electronic device 1. Conversely, the control IC 30 enters a standby state when the connection detection signal S1 indicates that the electronic device 1 is not connected.
- connection detection signal S1 is asserted, and the connection of the electronic device 1 is notified to the control IC 30.
- the state monitor 34 shifts the switching signal generator 32 from the standby state to the operating state.
- a DC voltage Vdc is generated by the DC / DC converter 16 and supplied to the electronic device 1.
- the device-side connector 22 is provided with a mechanism for detecting whether or not the electronic device 1 is connected, and controls the operation and non-operation states of the control IC 30 according to the detection result.
- unnecessary power consumption can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power adapter 100c according to the modification of FIG.
- the configuration of the power adapter 100c will be described focusing on differences from the power adapter 100 of FIG.
- the electronic device 1 c includes a built-in battery 2 and a signal processing unit 3.
- the built-in battery 2 is charged with the DC voltage Vdc from the power adapter 100c.
- the signal processing unit 3 is, for example, a microcomputer, and generates a full charge detection signal S2 indicating whether or not the built-in battery 2 is in a fully charged state.
- the electronic device 1c includes a detection terminal FULL for outputting a full charge detection signal S2 to the device-side connector 22c.
- the device-side connector 22c includes a detection signal receiving terminal P3 in addition to the voltage supply terminals P1 and P2.
- the detection signal receiving terminal P3 is disposed so as to face and be connected to the detection terminal FULL in a state where the device-side connector 22c is connected to the electronic device 1.
- the detection signal receiving terminal P3 receives the full charge detection signal S2 from the signal processing unit 3.
- the detection signal receiving terminal P3 is connected to the control IC 30c via the cable 20c, and the full charge detection signal S2 is supplied to the control IC 30c.
- the control IC 30c further includes a second enable terminal EN2 for receiving the full charge detection signal S2.
- the inside of the control IC 30c is configured similarly to the control IC 30 in FIG.
- the state monitoring unit 34 monitors the full charge detection signal S2 in addition to the connection detection signal S1. When the full charge detection signal S2 indicates the fully charged state of the internal battery 2, the switching signal generating unit 32 is set to the standby state.
- the electronic device can operate with the power from the built-in battery, so there is no need to supply power from an external power adapter.
- the control IC 30 can be in a standby state, and the standby power of the power adapter 100c can be substantially zero.
- home appliances such as a washing machine, an air conditioner, and a television operate by receiving an AC voltage Vac.
- these home appliances can be switched between a mode that performs its original function (referred to as a normal operation mode) and a mode that performs other processing (referred to as a standby mode).
- a mode that performs its original function referred to as a normal operation mode
- a standby mode a mode that performs other processing
- the standby mode For example, in the case of a washing machine, the period for washing and drying is the normal operation mode, and the period for waiting by the reservation timer is the standby mode.
- the technology described below can be used to reduce the power consumption of such home appliances.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an electronic device according to the second embodiment.
- the electronic device 1d includes an outlet plug 10, an outlet cable 12, a fuse F1, an input capacitor C3, a filter 11, a rectifier circuit 14, a DC / DC converter 16, a control IC 30, a microcomputer 40, an activation switch SW1, and a standby switch SW2. .
- the electronic device 1d includes other circuit blocks (not shown), but is omitted here.
- the fuse F1 is provided for the purpose of overvoltage or overcurrent protection.
- the filter 11 removes a high frequency component of the AC voltage Vac.
- the control IC 30d includes a switching signal generation unit 32, a state monitoring unit 34, and a BGR (Bandgap Regulator) 36.
- the control IC 30d receives the voltage Vs smoothed by the rectifier circuit 14 at its power supply terminal Vcc.
- the state monitoring unit 34 switches between the operation state and the standby state of the control IC 30d based on the control signal S2 input to the enable terminal #EN (# indicates so-called active low).
- the control signal S3 when the control signal S3 is at a high level, the control IC 30d is in a standby state, and when it is at a low level, it is in an operating state.
- the BGR 36 generates a predetermined reference voltage Vref regardless of whether it is in an operating state or in a standby state.
- the reference voltage Vref is output to the outside of the control IC 30d.
- the electronic device 1d can be switched between a normal operation mode that exhibits its original function and a standby mode that does not.
- the normal operation mode is when warm air or cold air is being sent out.
- the standby mode is a period of waiting by the timer control.
- the electronic device 1d is provided with a standby switch SW2 for switching from the normal operation mode to the standby mode.
- the standby switch SW2 is turned on when the user is pushed in and is cut off otherwise.
- the standby switch SW2 is connected to the control terminal S4 of the microcomputer 40.
- the microcomputer 40 monitors the state of the control terminal S4 and detects an instruction to switch to the standby mode by the user.
- the microcomputer 40 generates a control signal S3 indicating whether the electronic device 1d is in the normal operation mode or the standby mode at that time.
- the control signal S3 is at a low level in the normal operation mode and at a high level in the standby mode.
- the microcomputer 40 fixes the control terminal S3 at a low level in the normal operation mode.
- the control signal S3 is pulled up by the pull-up resistor R3 and becomes high level.
- the coil L3, the switching transistor M1, the rectifier diode D2, and the capacitor C4 form a DC / DC converter 16c.
- the voltage Vdc2 generated by the DC / DC converter 16c is supplied to the power supply terminal Vcc of the control IC 30d together with the smoothed voltage Vs. That is, when the switching signal generator 32 is in an operating state, the voltage Vdc generated by the DC / DC converter 16c is supplied to the power supply terminal Vcc.
- the smoothed voltage Vs is supplied to the power supply terminal Vcc via the resistor R1.
- the output voltage Vdc of the DC / DC converter 16 is supplied to the power supply terminal Vdd of the microcomputer 40 via the diode D3. Further, the reference voltage Vref is supplied to the power supply terminal Vdd via the diode D4. That is, the microcomputer 40 operates with the voltage Vdc from the microcomputer 40 when the DC / DC converter 16 is in the operating state, and operates with the reference voltage Vref supplied from the control IC 30d when the DC / DC converter 16 is in the operating state.
- the activation switch SW1 is provided to shift the control IC 30d in the standby state to the operating state.
- the activation switch SW1 is a switch that is turned on by the user at a timing at which the standby mode should be shifted to the normal operation mode.
- the activation switch SW1 may be a power switch of the electronic device 1.
- the control IC 30d monitors the state of the activation switch SW1 and detects a transition instruction from the user. When the control IC 30d detects the transition instruction, the control IC 30d transitions to the operation state. Specifically, the activation switch SW1 is provided between the enable terminal EN and the ground terminal of the control IC 30d. When the activation switch SW1 is turned on, the enable terminal EN is pulled down, so that the control signal S3 becomes low level. As a result, the control IC 30d enters an operating state.
- the above is the configuration of the electronic device 1d. Next, the operation of the electronic device 1d will be described.
- the control signal S3 becomes a low level
- the control IC 30d enters an operating state
- the DC voltage DC is generated by the DC / DC converter 16, and is supplied to the power supply terminal Vdd of the microcomputer 40.
- the microcomputer 40 is activated and the microcomputer 40 fixes the control signal S3 at a low level.
- the microcomputer 40 sets the control signal S3 to the high level. As a result, the control IC 30d makes a transition to the standby state.
- the control IC 30 of the DC / DC converter 16 can be in a standby state during the period in which the electronic device 1 is in the standby mode, and standby power can be reduced to substantially zero.
- the DC voltage Vdc is not supplied to the power supply terminal Vdd of the microcomputer 40, but the reference voltage Vref is continuously supplied, so that the microcomputer 40 can perform the minimum signal processing.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device 100 according to the third embodiment.
- the power supply device 100 is a power supply adapter that receives an AC voltage Vac such as a commercial AC voltage, converts it to a DC voltage Vdc, and supplies it to an electronic device (not shown). Examples of the electronic device include a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a mobile phone terminal, and a CD player, but are not particularly limited.
- the power supply apparatus 100 includes an outlet plug 10, an outlet cable 12, a rectifier circuit 14, an input capacitor (smoothing capacitor) C1, and a DC / DC converter 16.
- the rectifier circuit 14, the input capacitor C1, and the DC / DC converter 16 are provided in the same casing 19.
- the outlet plug 10 and the housing 19 are connected by an outlet cable 12.
- the outlet plug 10 is a socket that fits into the plug receiver, and receives the AC voltage Vac when inserted into the plug receiver 101.
- the rectifier circuit 14 performs full-wave rectification on the AC voltage Vac supplied via the outlet plug 10 and the outlet cable 12.
- the rectifier circuit 14 is, for example, a diode bridge circuit.
- the input capacitor C1 smoothes the voltage rectified by the rectifier circuit 14.
- the DC / DC converter 16 receives the voltage Vdc smoothed by the input capacitor C1 and converts it to a DC voltage Vout having a level to be supplied to the electronic device.
- the DC / DC converter 16 mainly includes a transformer T1, a first output capacitor Co1, a second output capacitor Co2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a switching transistor M1, a mask switch SW3, a feedback circuit 17 and a control circuit 18.
- the transformer T1 has a primary coil L1, a secondary coil L2, and an auxiliary coil L3 provided on the primary coil side.
- the number of turns of the primary coil L1 is NP
- the number of turns of the secondary coil L2 is NS
- the number of turns of the auxiliary coil L3 is ND.
- the switching transistor M1, the primary coil L1, the secondary coil L2, the first diode D1, and the first output capacitor Co1 form a first converter (main converter).
- the potential at one end of the first output capacitor Co1 is fixed.
- the first diode D1 is provided between the other end of the first output capacitor Co1 and one end N2 of the secondary coil L2 in such a direction that the cathode is on the first output capacitor Co1 side.
- the other end of the secondary coil L2 is grounded and the potential is fixed.
- the switching transistor M1 is provided on the path of the primary coil L1.
- a switching signal OUT from the control circuit 18 is input to the gate of the switching transistor M1 via the resistor R1.
- the switching transistor M1, the primary coil L1, the auxiliary coil L3, the second diode D2, and the second output capacitor Co2 form a second converter (auxiliary converter).
- the potential at one end of the second output capacitor Co2 is fixed.
- the second diode D2 and the mask switch SW3 are provided in series between the other end of the second output capacitor Co2 and one end N3 of the auxiliary coil L3.
- the potential at the other end of the auxiliary coil L3 is fixed.
- the second diode D2 is arranged in such a direction that its cathode is on the second output capacitor Co2 side.
- a second voltage Vcc corresponding to the duty ratio of the switching transistor M1 and the winding ratio of the transformer T1 is generated in the second output capacitor Co2.
- the control circuit 18 receives the second voltage Vcc generated in the second output capacitor Co2 at the power supply terminal VCC. Note that the DC voltage Vdc is supplied to the power supply terminal VCC of the control circuit 18 through the resistor R21 before the second converter operates normally.
- the input voltage Vdc 'divided by the resistors R5 and R6 is input to the input terminal DC of the control circuit 18. Activation and deactivation of the control circuit 18 is controlled based on the input voltage Vdc ′.
- the control circuit 18 adjusts the duty ratio of the switching signal OUT using pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse frequency modulation (PFM), or the like so that the level of the voltage Vout generated in the first output capacitor Co1 approaches the target value.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- PFM pulse frequency modulation
- the switching transistor M1 is controlled.
- a method for generating the switching signal OUT is not particularly limited.
- the control circuit 18 generates a mask signal MSK synchronized with the switching signal OUT, and controls the mask switch SW3.
- the control circuit 18 turns off the mask switch SW3 for at least a predetermined period (referred to as a mask period ⁇ T) after the switching transistor M1 is turned off.
- the control circuit 18 may turn off the mask switch SW3 during the on period Ton of the switching transistor M1.
- the mask switch SW3 is a P-channel MOSFET, and a resistor R3 is provided between its gate and source.
- the control circuit 18 sets the terminal MSK to high impedance (open) during the ON period Ton and the mask period ⁇ T of the switching transistor M1. Then, the gate and source of the mask switch SW3 are short-circuited by the resistor R3, and the mask switch SW3 is turned off. In the off period Toff of the switching transistor M1 after the lapse of the mask period ⁇ T, the control circuit 18 sets the mask signal MSK to the low level and turns on the mask switch SW3.
- control circuit 18 determines the switching signal OUT and the output voltage Vout generated in the first output capacitor Co1, the current I M1 flowing through the switching transistor M1 (primary coil L1), and the voltage VD generated at one end N3 of the auxiliary coil L3.
- a mask signal MSK is generated.
- a feedback signal Vfb corresponding to the output voltage Vout is input to the feedback terminal FB of the control circuit 18 via the feedback circuit 17 including a photocoupler.
- the capacitor C3 is provided for the purpose of phase compensation.
- the detection resistor Rs is provided for detecting the current I M1 flowing through the switching transistor M1.
- a voltage drop (detection signal) Vs generated in the detection resistor Rs is input to a current detection terminal (CS terminal) of the control circuit 18.
- the voltage VD at one end of the auxiliary coil L3 of the control circuit 18 is input to the ZT terminal via a low pass filter including a resistor R4 and a capacitor C4.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the control circuit of FIG.
- the control circuit 18 includes an error amplifier 50, an off signal generation unit 52, an on signal generation unit 54, a drive unit 56, and a driver 62.
- the error amplifier 50 amplifies an error between the feedback signal Vfb and the reference voltage Vref corresponding to the target value.
- the off signal generation unit 52 includes a comparator that compares the detection signal Vs with the output signal of the error amplifier 50, and generates an off signal Soff that defines the timing at which the switching transistor M1 is turned off.
- the off signal Soff generated by the off signal generation unit 52 is asserted when the current I M1 flowing through the switching transistor M1 reaches a level corresponding to the output signal of the error amplifier 50.
- the output signal of the error amplifier 50 becomes high, the timing at which the off signal Soff is asserted is delayed, and the ON period Ton of the switching transistor M1 is lengthened.
- the output voltage Feedback is applied in the direction in which Vout (feedback signal Vfb) increases.
- the feedback signal Vfb becomes higher than the reference voltage Vref, the output signal of the error amplifier 50 becomes lower, the timing at which the off signal Soff is asserted becomes earlier, and the on period Ton of the switching transistor M1 becomes shorter. Feedback is applied in the direction in which the output voltage Vout (feedback signal Vfb) decreases.
- the on signal generator 54 generates an on signal Son that is asserted after the off signal Soff is asserted.
- 7 includes a comparator that compares the potential Vd of the node N3 on the path between the second diode D2 and the auxiliary coil L3 with a predetermined level Vth.
- the on signal generation unit 54 asserts the on signal Son when the potential of the node N1 decreases to the predetermined level Vth.
- the switching transistor M1 When the switching transistor M1 is turned on, a current I M1 flows through the primary coil L1, and energy is stored in the transformer T1. Thereafter, when the switching transistor M1 is turned off, the energy stored in the transformer T1 is released.
- the on-signal generator 54 can detect that the energy of the transformer T1 has been completely released by monitoring the voltage Vd generated in the auxiliary coil L3. When detecting the release of energy, the on signal generation unit 54 asserts the on signal Son to turn on the switching transistor M1 again.
- the driving unit 56 turns on the switching transistor M1 when the on signal Son is asserted, and turns off the switching transistor M1 when the off signal Soff is asserted.
- the drive unit 56 includes a flip-flop 58, a pre-driver 60, and a driver 62.
- the flip-flop 58 receives an on signal Son and an off signal Soff at a set terminal and a reset terminal, respectively.
- the state of the flip-flop 58 changes according to the on signal Son and the off signal Soff.
- the duty ratio of the output signal Smod of the flip-flop 58 is modulated so that the feedback signal Vfb (output voltage Vout) matches the target value Vref.
- the high level of the drive signal Smod and the switching signal OUT is associated with the switching transistor M1 being on, and the low level is associated with the switching transistor M1 being off.
- the pre-driver 60 drives the driver 62 according to the output signal Smod of the flip-flop 58.
- a dead time is set for the output signals SH and SL of the pre-driver 60 so that the high-side transistor and the low-side transistor of the driver 62 are not turned on simultaneously.
- a switching signal OUT is output from the driver 62.
- the mask signal generation unit 70 generates a mask signal MSK synchronized with at least one of the on signal Son and the off signal Soff.
- the mask signal generation unit 70 includes a delay circuit 72 and a logic gate 74 output transistor 76.
- the delay circuit 72 delays the low-side drive signal SL by a mask time ⁇ T.
- the logic gate (NOR) 74 generates a low-side drive signal SL that is not delayed and a negated logical sum of the low-side drive signal SL and outputs it to the gate of the output transistor 76.
- the mask signal generation unit 70 is configured in an open drain format.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart showing the operation of the power supply apparatus 100 of FIG.
- the vertical and horizontal axes in FIG. 8 are enlarged or reduced as appropriate for easy understanding, and the waveforms shown are also simplified for easy understanding.
- FIG. 8 shows, in order from the top, the switching signal OUT, the potential VP of one end N1 of the primary coil L1, the potential VS of one end N2 of the secondary coil L2, the potential VD of one end N3 of the auxiliary coil L3, and the mask signal MSK. It is.
- the control signal 18 is generated by the control circuit 18, and the switching transistor M1 is alternately turned on and off. While the switching transistor M1 is on, the voltage VP is fixed near the ground voltage.
- Vf is a forward voltage of the first diode D1.
- the capacitance value of the first output capacitor Co1 is sufficiently large, the output voltage Vout hardly increases and is kept constant.
- the mask signal MSK is at a high level during the mask period ⁇ T after the switching transistor M1 is turned off, and the mask switch SW3 is turned off. This mask period ⁇ T overlaps with a period during which ripple noise occurs in the voltage VS.
- the overvoltage protection (OVP) of the control circuit 18 may work unnecessarily, making it difficult to design a threshold voltage for overvoltage protection. Or, since the withstand voltage required for the control circuit 18 is increased, the cost is increased.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power supply device 100a according to a modification.
- the switching signal OUT is generated based on the feedback signal Vfb corresponding to the output voltage Vout.
- the second voltage Vcc is stabilized, so that the switching signal OUT is generated based on the second voltage Vcc. Specifically, a feedback signal Vfb corresponding to the second voltage Vcc is fed back to the feedback terminal FB of the control circuit 18.
- the second voltage Vcc is generated on the primary side of the transformer T1, it can be electrically fed back to the control circuit 18. That is, since a photocoupler is unnecessary, the cost can be reduced.
- both the feedback terminal FB and the power supply terminal VCC receive a signal corresponding to the second voltage Vcc, the feedback terminal FB and the power supply terminal VCC may be shared. In this case, the number of pins of the control circuit 18 can be reduced, and the chip size can be reduced.
- the mask switch SW3 may be formed of a PNP bipolar transistor or a transfer gate.
- the positions of the mask switch SW3 and the second diode D2 may be interchanged.
- the mask period ⁇ T is based on any of the voltages VP, VS, and VD generated in the primary coil L1, the secondary coil L2, and the auxiliary coil L3. May be dynamically controlled.
- the mask signal MSK may be generated by a circuit outside the control circuit 18.
- the mask switch SW3 may be turned off or turned on.
- a person skilled in the art can design various mask signal generation units 70 for generating the necessary mask signal MSK.
- the mask signal generation unit 70 can generate the mask signal based on one of the ON signal Son, the OFF signal Soff, the modulation signal Smod, the high side drive signal SH, and the low side drive signal SL, or a combination thereof.
- a one-shot circuit, a counter, or a timer may be used instead of or in addition to the delay circuit 72.
- control circuit 18 there are various types of control circuit 18 and that the configuration is not limited in the present invention.
- the control circuit 18 may be a commercially available general purpose one.
- a timer circuit that measures a predetermined off time Toff may be used as the on signal generation unit 54 in FIG. It is also possible to fix the off time Toff by estimating in advance the time required for energy release. In this case, the circuit can be simplified in exchange for the deterioration of energy efficiency.
- the technique according to the third embodiment represented by FIG. 6 can be suitably combined with the second embodiment represented by FIG. That is, the mask switch SW3 may be provided in the circuit of FIG. 4 and controlled according to the mask signal.
- the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to various power supply devices.
- SYMBOLS 1 Electronic device, 2 ... Built-in battery, 3 ... Signal processing part, 10 ... Outlet plug, 12 ... Outlet cable, 14 ... Rectifier circuit, C1 ... Smoothing capacitor, R1 ... Resistance, 16 ... DC / DC converter, 16a ... Converter part, 16b ... feedback part, M1 ... switching transistor, 19 ... housing, 20 ... connector side cable, 22 ... equipment side connector, 24 ... detection part, 30 ... control IC, 32 ... switching signal generating part, 34 ... state Monitoring unit, 36 ... BGR, 40 ... microcomputer, 100 ... power adapter, S1 ... connection detection signal, S2 ... full charge detection signal, P1, P2 ... voltage supply terminal, P3 ... detection signal reception terminal, F1 ... fuse, SW1 ... Activation switch, SW2 ... Standby switch.
- the present invention can be used for a power supply device.
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Abstract
Description
電子機器側の内蔵電池が満充電状態である場合は、電子機器は内蔵電池からの電力で動作できるため、外部の電源アダプタから電力を供給する必要がない。したがってこの場合には、制御回路をスタンバイ状態とすることにより、電源アダプタの待機電力を低減できる。
制御回路は、機器側コネクタから接続検出信号を受けるためのイネーブル端子と、接続検出信号が電子機器の接続があることを示すとき動作状態となり、DC/DCコンバータの出力電圧をフィードバックにより安定化する制御部を備える。この制御部は、接続検出信号が電子機器の接続がないことを示すとき非動作状態となり、DC/DCコンバータの制御を停止する。
この態様によれば、待機モードにおいて信号処理部の電源端子には直流電圧に代えて基準電圧が供給されるため、待機モードにおいてなお、信号処理部に最低限度の信号処理を実行させることができる。
同様に、「部材Cが、部材Aと部材Bの間に設けられた状態」とは、部材Aと部材C、あるいは部材Bと部材Cが直接的に接続される場合のほか、電気的な接続状態に影響を及ぼさない他の部材を介して間接的に接続される場合も含む。
図2は、第1の実施の形態に係る電源アダプタ100の構成を示す図である。電源アダプタ100は、商用交流電圧などの交流電圧Vacを受け、それを直流電圧Vdcに変換して電子機器1に供給する。電子機器1は、ラップトップ型コンピュータ、デスクトップ型コンピュータ、携帯電話端末、CDプレイヤなどが例示されるが、特に限定されない。
(a) ユーザがコンセントプラグ10を差込プラグに挿入すると、電源アダプタ100には交流電圧Vacが供給される。このとき電子機器1は機器側コネクタ22と接続されていないものとする。そうすると制御IC30には、電子機器1の非接続を示す接続検出信号S1が入力される。その結果、制御IC30はスタンバイ状態に移行し、電源アダプタ100の消費電力が非常に小さくなる。
第1の実施の形態では、電源アダプタの省電力化に関する技術を説明した。これに対して第2の実施の形態では、電源回路を内蔵する電子機器の省電力化に関する技術を説明する。
図6は、第3の実施の形態に係る電源装置100の構成を示す回路図である。
電源装置100は、商用交流電圧などの交流電圧Vacを受け、それを直流電圧Vdcに変換して電子機器(不図示)に供給する電源アダプタである。電子機器は、ラップトップ型コンピュータ、デスクトップ型コンピュータ、携帯電話端末、CDプレイヤなどが例示されるが、特に限定されない。
図8は、図6の電源装置100の動作を示すタイムチャートである。図8の縦軸および横軸は、理解を容易とするために適宜拡大、縮小したものであり、また示される各波形も、理解の容易のために簡略化されている。図8には、上から順に、スイッチング信号OUT、1次コイルL1の一端N1の電位VP、2次コイルL2の一端N2の電位VS、補助コイルL3の一端N3の電位VD、マスク信号MSKが示される。
図5では、第2電圧Vccに大きなリップルノイズが載っているため、第2電圧Vccにもとづいてフィードバックを行うことができない。それゆえ出力電圧Voutに応じたフィードバック信号Vfbにもとづいてスイッチング信号OUTを発生していた。
たとえばマスク用スイッチSW3は、PNP型バイポーラトランジスタで構成してもよいし、トランスファゲートで構成してもよい。またマスク用スイッチSW3と第2ダイオードD2の位置は、入れ替えてもよい。
Claims (23)
- 交流電圧を受け、それを直流電圧に変換して電子機器に供給する電源アダプタであって、
プラグ受けに差し込まれた状態において交流電圧を受けるプラグと、
前記プラグを介して供給された交流電圧を整流する整流回路と、
前記整流回路によって整流された電圧を平滑化する平滑用キャパシタと、
前記平滑用キャパシタにより平滑化された電圧を受け、それを前記電子機器に供給すべきレベルを有する直流電圧に変換するDC/DCコンバータと、
ケーブルを介して前記DC/DCコンバータと接続されるとともに、前記電子機器と着脱可能に構成され、前記電子機器と接続された状態で前記直流電圧を前記電子機器に供給するための機器側コネクタと、
を備え、
前記機器側コネクタは、前記電子機器が接続されているか否かを検出し、接続の有無を示す接続検出信号を生成する検出部を含み、
前記DC/DCコンバータの制御回路は前記ケーブルを介して前記機器側コネクタの前記検出部と接続されており、前記接続検出信号が前記電子機器の接続があることを示すとき動作状態となり、前記接続検出信号が前記電子機器の接続がないことを示すとき非動作状態となるよう構成されることを特徴とする電源アダプタ。 - 前記電子機器は前記直流電圧によって充電される内蔵電池と、前記内蔵電池が満充電状態であるか否かを示す満充電検出信号を発生する信号処理部と、を含み、
前記満充電検出信号は、前記機器側コネクタに前記電子機器が接続された状態で、前記ケーブルを介して前記DC/DCコンバータの制御回路へと入力され、
前記制御回路は、前記満充電検出信号が前記内蔵電池の満充電状態を示すとき、非動作状態となることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源アダプタ。 - 前記検出部は、前記機器側コネクタと前記電子機器の機械的な接続を検出することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電源アダプタ。
- 前記検出部は、前記機器側コネクタと前記電子機器の電気的な接続を検出することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電源アダプタ。
- 交流電圧を受け、それを直流電圧に変換して電子機器に供給する電源アダプタに内蔵されるDC/DCコンバータの制御回路であって、
ケーブルを介して前記DC/DCコンバータと接続されるとともに、前記電子機器と着脱可能に構成され、前記電子機器と接続された状態で前記直流電圧を前記電子機器に供給するための機器側コネクタであって、前記電子機器が接続されているか否かを検出し、接続の有無を示す接続検出信号を生成する検出部を含む機器側コネクタから、前記接続検出信号を受けるためのイネーブル端子と、
前記接続検出信号が前記電子機器の接続があることを示すとき動作状態となり、前記DC/DCコンバータの出力電圧をフィードバックにより安定化するとともに、前記接続検出信号が前記電子機器の接続がないことを示すとき非動作状態となり、前記DC/DCコンバータの制御を停止する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする制御回路。 - 前記電子機器は、前記直流電圧によって充電される内蔵電池と、前記内蔵電池が満充電状態であるか否かを示す満充電検出信号を発生する信号処理部と、を含み、
本制御回路は、前記満充電検出信号を受けるための第2イネーブル端子をさらに備え、
前記制御部は、前記満充電検出信号が前記内蔵電池の満充電状態を示すとき、非動作状態となることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の制御回路。 - 直流電圧を受けるための電源端子を有する電子機器と着脱可能に接続される電源アダプタの機器側コネクタであって、
かつケーブルを介して前記電源アダプタのDC/DCコンバータからの直流電圧を受け、かつ本機器側コネクタが前記電子機器と接続された状態において前記電源端子と対向し、接続されるように配置された電源供給端子と、
本機器側コネクタに前記電子機器が接続されているか否かを検出し、接続の有無を示す接続検出信号を生成する検出部と、
を備え、前記接続検出信号が前記ケーブルを介して前記DC/DCコンバータの制御回路へと供給されるように構成されたことを特徴とする機器側コネクタ。 - 前記電子機器は、前記直流電圧によって充電される内蔵電池と、前記内蔵電池が満充電状態であるか否かを示す満充電検出信号を発生する信号処理部と、前記満充電検出信号を外部に出力するための検出端子を含み、
本機器側コネクタは、
本機器側コネクタが前記電子機器と接続された状態において前記検出端子と対向し、接続されるように配置され、前記満充電検出信号を前記信号処理部から受ける検出信号受信端子をさらに備え、
前記満充電検出信号がケーブルを介して前記DC/DCコンバータの制御回路へと供給されるように構成されたことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の機器側コネクタ。 - 前記検出部は、前記機器側コネクタと前記電子機器の機械的な接続を検出することを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の機器側コネクタ。
- 前記検出部は、前記機器側コネクタと前記電子機器の電気的な接続を検出することを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の機器側コネクタ。
- 交流電圧を受けて動作し、通常動作モードと待機モードが切りかえ可能な電子機器であって、
プラグ受けに差し込まれた状態において交流電圧を受けるプラグと、
前記プラグを介して供給された交流電圧を整流する整流回路と、
前記整流回路によって整流された電圧を平滑化する平滑用キャパシタと、
前記平滑用キャパシタにより平滑化された電圧を受け、それを所定のレベルを有する直流電圧に変換するDC/DCコンバータと、
その電源端子に前記平滑化された電圧を受け、前記DC/DCコンバータの出力電圧が一定となるように前記DC/DCコンバータを制御する制御回路であって、そのイネーブル端子に入力された制御信号に応じて動作状態と非動作状態が切りかえ可能に構成された制御回路と、
前記電子機器の待機モードから通常動作モードへの切りかえ指示を受けるためのアクティベーションスイッチと、
前記電子機器の通常動作モードから待機モードへの切りかえ指示を受けるためのスタンバイスイッチと、
その電源端子に前記DC/DCコンバータの出力電圧を受け、前記電子機器が通常動作モードにおいて所定の信号処理を行うとともに、前記スタンバイスイッチを監視し、前記電子機器が通常動作モードであるか待機モードであるかを示す制御信号を前記制御回路の前記イネーブル端子へと出力する信号処理部と、
を備えることを特徴とする電子機器。 - 前記制御回路は、
所定の基準電圧を発生する基準電圧回路と、
前記基準電圧を外部に出力するための基準電圧端子と、
を含み、
前記基準電圧は、前記信号処理部の電源端子に前記DC/DCコンバータの出力電圧とともに供給されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の電子機器。 - 1次コイル、2次コイルおよび前記1次コイル側に設けられた補助コイルを有するトランスと、
その一端の電位が固定された第1出力キャパシタと、
前記第1出力キャパシタの他端と前記2次コイルの一端との間に、そのカソードが前記第1出力キャパシタ側となる向きで設けられた第1ダイオードと、
前記1次コイルの経路上に設けられたスイッチングトランジスタと、
その一端の電位が固定された第2出力キャパシタと、
前記第2出力キャパシタの他端と前記補助コイルの一端との間に直列に設けられた、そのカソードが前記第2出力キャパシタ側となる向きの第2ダイオードおよびマスク用スイッチと、
その電源端子に前記第2出力キャパシタに生ずる電圧を受け、前記スイッチングトランジスタのオン、オフを制御する制御回路と、
を備えることを特徴とするDC/DCコンバータ。 - 前記マスク用スイッチは、前記スイッチングトランジスタのオンからオフへの切りかわりから所定時間経過するまでのマスク期間の間、オフすることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記マスク用スイッチは、前記マスク期間に加えて、前記スイッチングトランジスタがオフする期間、オフすることを特徴とする請求項14に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記制御回路は、前記マスク用スイッチを制御するためのマスク信号を出力するための端子を有することを特徴とする請求項13から15のいずれかに記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記制御回路は、前記スイッチングトランジスタに対する制御信号を遅延させることにより、前記マスク信号を生成することを特徴とする請求項16に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記第1出力キャパシタに生ずる電圧に応じたフィードバック信号を生成するフィードバック回路をさらに備え、
前記制御回路は、前記フィードバック信号が目標値に近づくように、前記スイッチングトランジスタのオン、オフのデューティ比を調節することを特徴とする請求項13から17のいずれかに記載のDC/DCコンバータ。 - 前記制御回路は、前記第2出力キャパシタに生ずる電圧に応じたフィードバック信号が目標値に近づくように、前記スイッチングトランジスタのオン、オフのデューティ比を調節することを特徴とする請求項13から17のいずれかに記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記マスク用スイッチは、PチャンネルMOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)またはPNP型バイポーラトランジスタを含むことを特徴とする請求項13から19のいずれかに記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 前記制御回路は、
前記フィードバック信号とその目標値の誤差を増幅する誤差増幅器と、
前記スイッチングトランジスタに流れる電流が前記誤差増幅器の出力信号に応じたレベルに達するとアサートされるオフ信号を生成するオフ信号生成部と、
前記オフ信号がアサートされた後アサートされるオン信号を発生するオン信号生成部と、
前記オン信号がアサートされると前記スイッチングトランジスタがオンするレベルを有し、前記オフ信号がアサートされると前記スイッチングトランジスタがオフするレベルを有するスイッチング信号を生成する駆動部と、
前記オン信号および前記オフ信号の少なくとも一方と同期したマスク信号を生成するマスク信号生成部と、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項18または19に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。 - 前記オン信号生成部は、前記第2ダイオードと前記補助コイルの間のノードの電位が所定レベルまで低下するとアサートされるオン信号を発生する第2コンパレータを含むことを特徴とする請求項21に記載のDC/DCコンバータ。
- 交流電圧を受け、それを直流電圧に変換して電子機器に供給する電源装置であって、
前記交流電圧を整流する整流回路と、
前記整流回路によって整流された電圧を平滑化する入力キャパシタと、
前記入力キャパシタによって平滑化された電圧を変換する請求項13から22のいずれかに記載のDC/DCコンバータと、
を備えることを特徴とする電源装置。
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US9231489B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2016-01-05 | Wistron Corp. | Power adaptor |
KR20140055096A (ko) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-09 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 시비율 가변 제어가 가능한 전류 평형 회로 및 이를 포함하는 직류-직류 변환기 |
KR102108503B1 (ko) | 2012-10-30 | 2020-05-08 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 시비율 가변 제어가 가능한 전류 평형 회로 및 이를 포함하는 직류-직류 변환기 |
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JP2015095928A (ja) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-18 | ローム株式会社 | スイッチングコンバータおよびその制御回路、電流検出方法、ac/dcコンバータ、電源アダプタおよび電子機器 |
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JPWO2016059750A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-14 | 2017-07-27 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | スイッチング電源装置 |
CN113574746A (zh) * | 2019-03-11 | 2021-10-29 | 计划X51有限公司 | 发光充电连接器或设备及可根据包装状态运作的电子设备或系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20160118900A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
CN102668350A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
JPWO2011065002A1 (ja) | 2013-04-11 |
CN102668350B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
JP5984999B2 (ja) | 2016-09-06 |
JP5731398B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
US20120262950A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
JP2015133907A (ja) | 2015-07-23 |
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