WO2011052183A1 - 生体疲労評価装置及び生体疲労評価方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus and a biological fatigue evaluation method for evaluating a fatigue state from a human biological signal.
- 25A and 25B are block diagrams showing a configuration of a conventional biological fatigue evaluation apparatus described in Patent Document 1. As shown in FIG. Hereinafter, the apparatus described in Patent Document 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 25A and 25B.
- the acceleration pulse wave calculation unit 2502 calculates an acceleration pulse wave from the measured pulse wave signal and extracts a waveform component of the acceleration pulse wave.
- the peak value from the first wave (a wave) to the fifth wave (e wave) is calculated.
- the evaluation unit 2504 evaluates that the user is tired if the newly calculated peak value is smaller than the reference value of the pulse height of the acceleration pulse wave stored in the storage unit 2503.
- Patent Document 1 focusing on the a wave among the waveform components of the acceleration pulse wave, the relationship between the decrease in the crest value of the a wave and fatigue is shown in the data.
- a configuration in which a chaos analysis unit 2505 is further added between the acceleration pulse wave calculation unit 2502 and the evaluation unit 2507 is also disclosed.
- the chaos analysis unit 2505 performs chaos analysis on the acceleration pulse wave calculated by the acceleration pulse wave calculation unit 2502 to calculate the maximum Lyapunov exponent.
- the evaluation unit 2507 evaluates that the user is tired.
- Patent Document 1 it is assumed that fatigue can be evaluated non-invasively with the above configuration.
- the driver is assumed to be “sleepiness (contradiction)” in a state of overcoming drowsiness, and both the sympathetic nerve activity amount and the parasympathetic nerve activity amount are If it falls, the driver is depressing “depressed (contradiction)”.
- Patent Document 2 it is proposed that the user's state is divided into four states and estimated using the pulse wave signal, but data supporting the determination of the state is not shown. Therefore, it is unclear whether this separation has an effect that is more than just convenient separation.
- the present invention solves these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus and a biological fatigue evaluation method capable of performing fatigue evaluation with high evaluation accuracy.
- a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus includes a biological signal measurement unit that measures a user's pulse wave signal, and a systole of a pulse wave signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit.
- a feature amount extraction unit that extracts a first feature amount obtained from a rear component, a storage unit for storing the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit, and a first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit
- a fatigue determination unit that determines whether or not the user is fatigued using one feature amount, wherein the fatigue determination unit includes any one of the feature amounts of the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit; The presence / absence of the fatigue is determined by comparing at least one of the first feature values stored in the storage unit.
- the first feature value obtained from the systolic posterior component of the pulse wave signal is extracted, and any one of the extracted first feature values is stored in the storage unit.
- the presence or absence of fatigue is determined by comparing at least one feature amount of one feature amount.
- the systolic posterior component of the pulse wave signal is affected by factors other than fatigue, it is less susceptible to fatigue. For this reason, by using the first feature amount obtained from the post-systolic component, it is possible to reduce the influence of factors other than fatigue and improve the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation.
- the feature amount extraction unit calculates an acceleration pulse wave from the pulse wave signal and includes at least information on a c wave or a d wave that is a component wave of the acceleration pulse wave corresponding to the backward systolic component.
- the first feature amount is extracted using information on a plurality of component waves.
- the feature amount extraction unit extracts, as the first feature amount, a ratio of a peak value of the c wave to a peak value of the a-wave, b-wave, or e-wave of the acceleration pulse wave as the first feature amount.
- the unit determines that the user is tired when the absolute value of the first feature value increases in time series.
- the feature amount extraction unit extracts a difference between a peak value of the a wave of the acceleration pulse wave and a peak value of the c wave as the first feature amount, and the fatigue determination unit includes the first feature amount.
- the fatigue determination unit includes the first feature amount.
- this configuration mitigates the effects of factors other than fatigue than when evaluating fatigue based on the peak value of the acceleration pulse waveform itself. In addition, the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation can be improved.
- the feature amount extraction unit obtains a value obtained by dividing a difference between the c-wave crest value of the acceleration pulse wave and the c-wave crest value of the acceleration pulse wave by the a-wave of the acceleration pulse wave. Extracted as a feature value, the fatigue determination unit determines that the user is tired when the absolute value of the first feature value increases in time series.
- the fatigue is evaluated more than when fatigue is evaluated based on the crest value of the acceleration pulse wave waveform itself. It is possible to alleviate the influence of other factors and improve the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation.
- a device control unit that controls an external device that gives a stimulus to the user when the fatigue determination unit determines that the user is tired is further provided.
- This configuration makes it possible to present a fatigue evaluation result or automatically perform care based on the evaluation result by giving a stimulus to the user when it is determined that the user is tired.
- the biological signal measurement unit further measures a user's heartbeat or pulse wave as a biological signal
- the feature amount extraction unit is further obtained from the biological signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit.
- the second feature value indicating the amount of parasympathetic nerve activity is extracted
- the storage unit further stores the second feature value extracted by the feature value extraction unit
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus further includes: Using the second feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit, comprising a fatigue quality determination unit that determines a user's fatigue quality, whether fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work,
- the determination unit determines that the fatigue determination unit is fatigued
- the determination unit stores any one of the feature amounts extracted from the feature amount extraction unit and the storage unit. Of the second feature By comparing the one feature quantity even without, it determines the quality of the fatigue.
- the fatigue quality determination unit determines that the fatigue is caused by difficult work when the second feature amount is reduced in time series, and if the second feature amount does not decrease, is fatigue caused by monotonous work. Is determined.
- This configuration makes it possible to determine the quality of fatigue based on time-series changes in the second feature value, and to provide recovery support suitable for the user. Moreover, since the quality of fatigue can be determined by a biological signal that can be easily measured regardless of the scene, it is excellent in versatility.
- the biological signal measuring unit further measures a user's brain signal as a biological signal
- the feature amount extracting unit is further obtained from the biological signal measured by the biological signal measuring unit.
- a third feature amount related to at least one of ⁇ wave and ⁇ wave is extracted, and the storage unit further stores the third feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit,
- the living body fatigue evaluation apparatus further uses the third feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit to determine a user's fatigue quality, which is fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work.
- a quality determination unit and when the fatigue determination unit determines that the fatigue determination unit is fatigued, any one of the feature amounts of the third feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit and , Recorded in the storage unit
- the quality of the fatigue is determined by comparing with at least one of the remembered third feature values.
- the third feature when fatigued, the third feature can be used to determine the quality of fatigue, whether it is fatigue due to work that is difficult for the user or fatigue due to monotonous work, and recovery suitable for the user Support can be provided.
- the quality of fatigue can be determined by a brain signal, it can be widely applied to, for example, labor management of occupational people wearing hats, headset microphones, and the like.
- the information processing apparatus further includes an identification unit that generates identification information for identifying whether the user is in an open eye state or a closed eye state, and the biological signal measurement unit adds the identification information to the measured biological signal.
- the feature amount extraction unit includes at least one of a power value of the ⁇ wave band and a power value of the ⁇ wave band in a time interval in which the identification unit identifies that the user is in an open eye state or a closed eye state. The third feature amount using the power value is extracted.
- the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the brain signal in order to use the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the brain signal, the power value of at least one of the ⁇ wave band power value to distinguish whether the value in the user's eye open state or the value in the closed eye state, It becomes possible to improve the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation.
- the feature amount extraction unit extracts the third feature amount using a power value of an ⁇ wave band in a time interval in which the identification unit identifies that the user is in an eye-closed state, and the fatigue
- the quality determination unit determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work when the third feature value increases in time series.
- the feature amount extraction unit extracts the third feature amount using a power value of a ⁇ -wave band in a time interval in which the identification unit identifies that the user is in an open eye state or a closed eye state.
- the fatigue quality determination unit determines that the fatigue is due to monotonous work when the third feature value decreases in time series.
- This configuration improves the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation to determine whether the user's fatigue is due to monotonous work from the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the time interval in which the user is identified as being in the open or closed state. It becomes possible to do. Moreover, it becomes possible to aim at the recovery assistance suitable for a user with respect to the fatigue by a monotonous operation
- a stimulus output unit that outputs an auditory stimulus for stimulating hearing to the user and the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit, fatigue due to difficult work, or A fatigue quality determination unit that determines a user's fatigue quality due to fatigue due to monotonous work, and the fatigue quality determination unit stores in the storage unit when the fatigue determination unit determines that the user is fatigued
- the first feature amount in the time interval before the auditory stimulus is output by the stimulus output unit and the first feature amount in the time interval when the auditory stimulus is output by the stimulus output unit Determine the quality of the fatigue.
- the feature amount extraction unit calculates an acceleration pulse wave from the pulse wave signal, and extracts a ratio of a c-wave peak value to an a-wave peak value of the acceleration pulse wave as the first feature amount.
- the fatigue quality determination unit outputs an auditory stimulus by the stimulus output unit with respect to the first feature amount in a time interval before the auditory stimulus is output by the stimulus output unit stored in the storage unit.
- the first feature amount in the time interval increases, it is determined that the fatigue is due to monotonous work, and when it is not increased, it is determined that the fatigue is due to difficult work.
- a device control unit that controls an external device that gives a stimulus to the user according to the quality of fatigue determined by the fatigue quality determination unit is further provided.
- This configuration makes it possible to present the determination result of the fatigue quality to the user or to provide recovery support suitable for the user by giving the user a stimulus according to the fatigue quality.
- a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus is measured by a biological signal measurement unit that measures a heartbeat or a pulse wave of a user as a biological signal and the biological signal measurement unit.
- a feature amount extraction unit that extracts a second feature amount indicating a parasympathetic activity amount obtained from a biological signal, a storage unit for storing the second feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit, and the feature amount
- a fatigue quality determination unit for determining a user's fatigue quality, whether fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work, using the second feature amount extracted by the extraction unit, Compares one of the second feature values extracted by the feature value extraction unit with at least one feature value of the second feature values stored in the storage unit. Determine the quality of the fatigue
- a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus includes a biological signal measurement unit that measures a user's brain signal as a biological signal, and the biological signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit.
- a feature amount extraction unit that extracts a third feature amount related to at least one of ⁇ wave and ⁇ wave obtained from the signal, and for storing the third feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit
- a storage unit and a fatigue quality determination unit that determines a user's fatigue quality, whether fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work, using the third feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit.
- the fatigue quality determination unit includes at least one of the feature amount of the third feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit and the third feature amount stored in the storage unit. Compare with features The fatigue quality is determined.
- the quality of fatigue can be determined by a brain signal, it can be widely applied to, for example, labor management of occupational people wearing hats, headset microphones, and the like.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention is a living body which measures the stimulation output part which outputs the auditory stimulus which stimulates hearing with respect to a user, and a user's pulse wave signal A signal measurement unit, a feature amount extraction unit that extracts a first feature amount obtained from a backward systolic component of the pulse wave signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit, and a first feature extracted by the feature amount extraction unit Using the storage unit for storing the amount and the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit, the user's fatigue quality, whether fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work, is determined.
- a fatigue quality determination unit wherein the fatigue quality determination unit includes a first feature amount in a time interval before an auditory stimulus is output by the stimulus output unit stored in the storage unit, and the stimulus output unit. Auditory stimulus was output By comparing the first feature quantity in the time interval, it determines the quality of the fatigue.
- the present invention can be realized not only as such a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus, but also as a biological fatigue evaluation method including steps performed by each processing unit included in the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus. It can also be realized as a program that causes a computer to execute characteristic processing included in the biological fatigue evaluation method. Needless to say, such a program can be distributed via a recording medium such as a CD-ROM and a transmission medium such as the Internet. Further, it can be realized as an integrated circuit including a characteristic processing unit included in the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a volume pulse wave waveform.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of an acceleration pulse wave waveform.
- FIG. 3A is a flowchart illustrating an example of fatigue evaluation by the fatigue determination unit in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3B is a flowchart illustrating another example of fatigue evaluation by the fatigue determination unit in the first exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a flowchart showing an example of fatigue quality determination by the fatigue quality determination unit in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5B is a flowchart showing another example of fatigue quality determination by the fatigue quality determination unit in the second exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 7A is a flowchart illustrating an example of fatigue quality determination using the power value in the ⁇ band by the fatigue quality determination unit according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 7B is a flowchart illustrating an example of fatigue quality determination using ⁇ -blocking by the fatigue quality determination unit in the third exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is a flowchart showing another example of the fatigue quality determination using the power value in the ⁇ band by the fatigue quality determination unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8B is a flowchart showing an example of fatigue quality determination using the power value and average frequency in the ⁇ band by the fatigue quality determination unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9A is a flowchart illustrating an example of fatigue quality determination using a ⁇ -band power value by the fatigue quality determination unit according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9B is a flowchart illustrating another example of fatigue quality determination using the ⁇ -band power value by the fatigue quality determination unit according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of fatigue quality determination by the fatigue quality determination unit according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing changes in the ATMT results before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram showing a subjective report score before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 15B is a diagram showing a subjective report score recorded during the N-back test recorded at the end of the test.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram illustrating a change in the peak value of the APG waveform before and after mental fatigue load (0-back).
- FIG. 16B is a diagram illustrating a change in the peak value of the APG waveform before and after mental fatigue load (2-back).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating changes in index values (c / a, c / b, c / e) based on APG before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing changes in index values (ac, ca,
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a change in c / a value with respect to auditory stimulation before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing changes in lnHF before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing changes in ln ⁇ , ln ⁇ , and ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing changes in ln ⁇ , ln ⁇ , and ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram showing a change in% ⁇ before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 23B is a diagram showing a change in% ⁇ before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a change in ⁇ -blocking before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 25A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a conventional biological fatigue evaluation apparatus.
- FIG. 25B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a conventional biological fatigue evaluation apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 100 includes a biological signal measurement unit 101 that measures a user's pulse wave signal, a feature amount extraction unit 102 that extracts a feature amount from the pulse wave signal, and a storage unit that stores the feature amount. 103 and a fatigue judgment unit 104 for judging the presence or absence of fatigue. As shown in the figure, the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 100 may further include a device control unit 105 that controls an external device based on the fatigue evaluation result.
- the biological signal measuring unit 101 acquires pulse wave data in time series by sampling a user's pulse wave detected by a transducer or the like at a predetermined sampling period.
- the part to which the biological signal measuring unit 101 is attached is typically a fingertip or earlobe, but may be any part as long as it can acquire other pulse waves, such as a forehead or a nose tip.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 102 extracts the first feature quantity obtained from the systolic posterior component of the pulse wave signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit 101. Specifically, the feature amount extraction unit 102 calculates an acceleration pulse wave from the pulse wave signal, and includes a plurality of pieces of information on at least c-wave or d-wave that is a component wave of the acceleration pulse wave corresponding to the backward systolic component. The first feature amount is extracted using the component wave information.
- the storage unit 103 is a memory for storing the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 102.
- the fatigue determination unit 104 determines whether the user is fatigued using the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 102. Specifically, the fatigue determination unit 104 includes at least one of the feature amounts of the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 102 and the first feature amount stored in the storage unit 103. The presence or absence of fatigue is determined by comparing with one feature amount. For example, the fatigue determination unit 104 compares the currently extracted first feature amount with the first feature amount extracted in the past among the plurality of extracted first feature amounts, and determines the presence or absence of fatigue. .
- the fatigue determination unit 104 determines whether the user is tired.
- the fatigue determination unit 104 determines the absolute value of the first feature amount. If the value decreases over time, it is determined that the user is tired.
- the fatigue determination unit 104 determines that the user is fatigued when the absolute value of the first feature value increases in time series.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a plethysmogram (abbreviated as PTG) waveform measured by the biological signal measurement unit 101.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing an example of an accelerated pulse wave (accelerated plethysmogram, abbreviated as APG) waveform obtained by second-order differentiation of the volume pulse wave of FIG. 2A.
- APG accelerated pulse wave
- the waveform of the acceleration pulse wave includes an initial contraction positive wave (a wave), an initial contraction negative wave (b wave), a mid-systolic re-rising wave (c wave), and a post-systolic re-lowering wave ( d wave) and an extended initial positive wave (e wave).
- the a wave and the b wave of the acceleration pulse wave component are the acceleration pulse wave waveform components in the systolic front component of the volume pulse wave.
- the c-wave and d-wave are included in the backward systolic component of the volume pulse wave.
- the systolic anterior component of the volume pulse wave reflects the driving pressure wave generated by ejection of blood, and the posterior systolic component reflects the reflected pressure wave that the driving pressure wave propagates to the periphery and reflects back. .
- the present inventors conducted a feasibility verification experiment on non-invasive evaluation of biological fatigue, and among the acceleration pulse wave components obtained by second-order differentiation of the pulse wave, a wave peak value and b wave peak value, and e wave We found a tendency for the crest value to change significantly before and after mental fatigue.
- “significantly changed” means that the value changes statistically at a significance level of 5% or 1%.
- the c-wave crest value and the d-wave crest value which are feature quantities reflecting the post-systolic component of the pulse wave, do not change significantly before and after mental fatigue load (that is, no change due to fatigue is observed). ) I found a trend. Furthermore, the feature amount using a plurality of acceleration pulse waveform components including c-wave or d-wave has been found to change significantly before and after mental fatigue load.
- the peak values of the a wave to the e wave will be described as a to e, respectively.
- the feature amount using information of a plurality of acceleration pulse wave component components including c wave or d wave information includes a c / a value that is a crest wave to a wave crest ratio, and a c wave to b wave crest ratio. C / b value, and c / e value that is the crest-to-e wave height ratio.
- dc ⁇ / a Value The possibility verification experiment regarding the non-invasive evaluation of biological fatigue conducted by the present inventors will be described in detail later.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 102 extracts c / a values from among a number of feature quantities.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 102 performs second-order differentiation on the pulse wave signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit 101 and converts it into an acceleration pulse wave waveform as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 102 extracts the peak value a of the a wave from the extreme value that occurs earliest in time from the acceleration pulse wave waveform component, and the c wave from the third extreme value in time.
- the crest value c is extracted, and a c / a value that is a ratio thereof is obtained.
- the feature amount extraction unit 102 stores the obtained c / a value in the storage unit 103 in time series.
- the feature amount extraction unit 102 may output the value for each beat of the pulse wave signal as it is as the c / a value, or output an average value in a predetermined time interval (for example, 10 seconds). May be.
- the fatigue determination unit 104 compares c / a values at at least two points in time to determine the presence or absence of fatigue. For example, when a new c / a value is output from the feature amount extraction unit 102, the fatigue determination unit 104 chronologically stores the c / a value stored in the storage unit 103 in the time series. The c / a value is compared with the current c / a value.
- the fatigue determination unit 104 may use the c / a value stored at a certain timing (for example, immediately after the start) as a reference value and compare it with the current c / a value. Good. As another comparison method, for example, the fatigue determination unit 104 may compare the sum of c / a values at all time points from a current time to a certain period before a predetermined threshold value. The fatigue determination unit 104 may determine that the user is fatigued if the sum of the c / a values is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.
- 3A and 3B are flowcharts illustrating an example of fatigue evaluation by the fatigue determination unit 104 in the first embodiment.
- the fatigue determination unit 104 When the c / a value is output from the feature amount extraction unit 102 (step S31), the fatigue determination unit 104 chronologically stores the previous c / a value stored in the storage unit 103. The c / a value at the time is called (step S32).
- the fatigue judgment unit 104 compares these two current c / a values with the previous c / a value (step S33).
- the fatigue determination unit 104 determines that the current c / a value is larger than the previous c / a value (Yes in step S33), the fatigue determination unit 104 determines that the user is fatigued (step S34). .
- the feature amount extraction unit 102 receives the c / a value from the c / a value. Wait until the a value is output, and after the next c / a value is output, repeat the operation from step S31.
- the fatigue determination unit 104 may perform the operation shown in FIG. 3B.
- the operation flow from step S31 to step S33 is the same as the operation example shown in FIG. 3A.
- step S33 When the fatigue determination unit 104 determines in step S33 that the current c / a value is larger than the c / a value at the previous time (Yes in step S33), the fatigue determination unit 104 determines the c / a at the previous time. A change amount from the value to the current c / a value is calculated and compared with a preset threshold value L1 (for example, a change amount of about 0.03) (step S35).
- a preset threshold value L1 for example, a change amount of about 0.03
- the fatigue determination unit 104 determines that the calculated change amount is greater than the threshold L1 (Yes in step S35).
- the fatigue determination unit 104 determines that the current c / a value is not greater than the previous c / a value or if the calculated change amount is not greater than the threshold value L1 (in step S35). No) Next, it waits until the c / a value is output from the feature quantity extraction unit 102, and after the next c / a value is output, the operation from step S31 is repeated.
- the threshold L1 is not limited to about 0.03, but it is preferable to set the threshold L1 to a value included in the range of about 0.03 to about 0.035 in view of the experimental results described later (see FIG. 17). .
- the fatigue determination unit 104 determines whether or not the user is fatigued by outputting information such as 1 if the user is fatigued or 0 if the user is not fatigued.
- the device control unit 105 controls the external device based on the result determined by the fatigue determination unit 104.
- the device control unit 105 may notify a fatigue determination result to a user or a department that manages and supervises the user by controlling a display having a display function and a speaker that outputs sound.
- the device control unit 105 may control an external device that gives a stimulus to the user when the fatigue determination unit 104 determines that the user is tired.
- the device control unit 105 may output a stimulus such as a scent, air flow, or heat that has an effect of recovering or reducing fatigue by controlling a device that generates air flow or heat.
- the device control unit 105 may store, store, and transmit the results determined by the fatigue determination unit 104.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 100 performs fatigue based on the feature amount extracted from a pulse wave signal using a plurality of acceleration pulse wave waveform components including c waves or d waves that change specifically for fatigue. Determine the presence or absence.
- the first feature value obtained from the systolic posterior component of the pulse wave signal is extracted, and stored in the storage unit 103 with any one of the extracted first feature values.
- the presence or absence of fatigue is determined by comparing at least one of the first feature amounts.
- the systolic posterior component of the pulse wave signal is affected by factors other than fatigue, it is less susceptible to fatigue. For this reason, by using the first feature value obtained from the post-systolic component, the influence of factors other than fatigue included in the pulse wave can be reduced, and the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation can be improved.
- the user when it is determined that the user is tired, the user can be stimulated to present the fatigue evaluation result or to perform care based on the evaluation result automatically.
- the external device may be controlled by an external configuration.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 400 in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 400 includes a biological signal measurement unit 401 that measures a biological signal, a feature amount extraction unit 402 that extracts a feature amount from the biological signal, a storage unit 403 that stores a feature amount, and fatigue.
- a fatigue quality judgment unit 406 for judging the quality of the tire is provided.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 400 may further include a device control unit 405 that controls an external device based on a fatigue quality determination result.
- the biological signal measurement unit 401 measures a user's heartbeat or pulse wave as a biological signal.
- the biological signal measurement unit 401 is a biological sensor unit that measures biological signals such as an electrocardiogram, a pulse wave, an electroencephalogram, and a magnetoencephalogram.
- a typical method is to attach a plurality of electrodes to the surface of the living body and derive it as an electrical signal outside the body.
- a biomagnetism such as a magnetoencephalogram
- a fluxgate magnetometer or a more sensitive superconducting quantum interferometer is used to measure a weak magnetic flux density.
- a typical method for acquiring pulse waves is to irradiate a living body with infrared light using a light source such as an LED, and convert the light intensity that has passed through the living body with a photodiode into an electrical signal.
- the present inventors have fatigue caused by difficult work (hereinafter referred to as fatigue due to difficult work), fatigue caused by monotonous work (hereinafter, We found that the quality of fatigue (denoted as fatigue due to monotonous work) is related to the amount of parasympathetic nerve activity, which is one of the autonomic nerve activities. Specifically, parasympathetic nerve activity decreases significantly during fatigue due to difficult work, and paraswitchive nerve activity does not decrease significantly during fatigue due to monotonous work (i.e., due to fatigue due to monotonous work). (There was no accompanying decrease in the amount of paraswitch activity).
- the index value indicating the amount of parasympathetic nerve activity is a high frequency band (High) from 0.15 Hz to 0.4 Hz in the power spectrum obtained by frequency analysis of time series data of heartbeat intervals in the electrocardiogram and a-wave intervals between pulses.
- the power value of “Frequency” (hereinafter referred to as HF) is representative.
- the index value representing the amount of parasympathetic nerve activity is not limited to this power value, but may be lnHF obtained by logarithmizing the power value of HF.
- VLF Very Low Frequency
- LF Low Frequency
- the biological signal measuring unit 401 measures a user's pulse wave signal as a biological signal.
- the feature amount extraction unit 402 extracts a second feature amount indicating the amount of parasympathetic nerve activity obtained from the biological signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit 401.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 402 calculates an a-wave interval between pulses from the acceleration pulse wave waveform obtained by second-order differentiation of the pulse wave signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit 401 (hereinafter referred to as aa interval).
- the amount of parasympathetic nerve activity which is one of the autonomic nerve activities, is obtained using time series data of aa intervals.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 402 performs frequency analysis on time-series data at intervals aa using fast Fourier transform (FFT), maximum entropy method (MEM), and the like, and calculates the power value of HF in the power spectrum. And ask.
- FFT fast Fourier transform
- MEM maximum entropy method
- the feature amount extraction unit 402 causes the storage unit 403 to store the calculated HF power value in time series.
- the feature amount extraction unit 402 may use the power value of the HF as a calculated value in a minimum time interval (for example, 30 seconds) necessary for frequency analysis, or may further calculate the calculated value in the minimum time interval. An average value in a certain interval (for example, 2 minutes) collected in series may be used.
- the storage unit 403 is a memory that stores the second feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 402. Specifically, the storage unit 403 accumulates the HF power value in time series every time the HF power value is output as the feature amount from the feature amount extraction unit 402.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 uses the second feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 402 to determine the fatigue quality of the user, which is fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines the fatigue quality by comparing the power values of HF at at least two time points.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 includes at least one of the feature amounts of the second feature amounts extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 402 and the second feature amounts stored in the storage unit 403. The quality of fatigue is determined by comparing with the feature amount.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 chronologically precedes one of the HF power values stored in the storage unit 403.
- the HF power value is compared with the current HF power value.
- the determination of the fatigue quality by the fatigue quality determination unit 406 is not limited to this, and the HF power value stored at a predetermined timing (for example, immediately after the start) is used as a reference value, and the current HF is determined. It may be compared with the power value.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work when the second feature value is decreased in time series, and determines that the fatigue is due to monotonous work when the second feature value is not decreased.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are flowcharts showing an example of fatigue quality determination by the fatigue quality determination unit 406 in the second embodiment.
- step S51 When the HF power value is output from the feature amount extraction unit 402 (step S51), the fatigue quality determination unit 406 chronologically advances the previous HF power value stored in the storage unit 403. The power value of HF at the point of time is called (step S52).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 compares the current HF power value, which is these two values, with the HF power value at the previous time point (step S53).
- step S53 If the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the current HF power value is smaller than the HF power value at the previous time (Yes in step S53), the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work (step S53). S54).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the current HF power value is not smaller than the HF power value at the previous time (No in step S53), the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the fatigue is due to monotonous work. (Step S55).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 repeats the operation from step S51.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 may compare the sum of the power values of HF at all time points from a current time point to a predetermined threshold value with a predetermined threshold value. Good. The fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work if the sum of the HF power values is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold. You may determine that you are fatigued.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 may perform the operation shown in FIG. 5B.
- the operation flow from step S51 to step S53 is the same as the operation example shown in FIG. 5A.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines in step S53 that the current HF power value is smaller than the HF power value of the previous time (Yes in step S53), the HF power value of the previous time is determined.
- the amount of change in the current HF power value is calculated from the power value, and the amount of change and a preset threshold L2 (for example, the amount of change in the HF power value such that the change in lnHF is about 0.3) Are compared (step S56).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the calculated change amount is greater than the threshold value L2 (Yes in step S56). If the fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work (step S57).
- fatigue quality determination unit 406 determines that the current HF power value is not smaller than the previous HF power value (No in step S53), or the calculated change amount is greater than threshold L2. Is determined not to be large (No in step S56), it is determined that the fatigue is due to monotonous work (step S58).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 406 repeats the operation from step S51.
- the threshold L2 is not limited to the amount of change in the HF power value so that the amount of change in lnHF is about 0.3, but in view of the experimental results described below, the amount of change in lnHF is 0.25. It is preferable to set the amount of change in the HF power value to a value included in the range of about 0.4 to about 0.4 (see FIG. 20).
- the device control unit 405 controls the external device based on the result determined by the fatigue quality determination unit 406.
- the device control unit 405 may control a display such as a display having a display function or a speaker that outputs sound to notify the user or a department that manages and supervises the user of the fatigue quality determination result.
- the device control unit 405 may control an external device that gives a stimulus to the user according to the fatigue quality determined by the fatigue quality determination unit 406.
- the device control unit 405 may output a stimulus such as a fragrance, air flow, or heat that has an effect of recovering or reducing fatigue suitable for the quality of fatigue by controlling a device that generates air flow or heat.
- the device control unit 405 may store, store, and transmit the result determined by the fatigue quality determination unit 406.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 400 determines the quality of fatigue, which is fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work, based on the index value indicating the amount of parasympathetic nerve activity. With such a configuration, it is possible to determine the quality of fatigue of the user, and for example, it is possible to switch the prescription (rest, sleep, medicine, etc.) to be given thereby to provide more suitable recovery support for the user.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 400 has excellent versatility because it extracts the parasympathetic nerve activity amount using an electrocardiogram or pulse wave that can be easily measured and determines the quality of fatigue regardless of the scene.
- the external device may be controlled by an external configuration.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of biological fatigue assessment apparatus 600 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 600 includes a biological signal measurement unit 401, a feature amount extraction unit 602, a storage unit 603, and a fatigue quality determination unit 606, and further identifies whether the user is in an open eye state or a closed eye state.
- An identification unit 601 is provided.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 600 may further include a device control unit 405.
- the present inventors conducted alpha-waves in the closed eye state extracted based on the intracerebral signal (electroencephalogram or magnetoencephalogram), or in the open eye state and the closed eye state, through a possibility verification experiment regarding non-invasive evaluation of biological fatigue.
- the intracerebral signal electroencephalogram or magnetoencephalogram
- the present inventors conducted alpha-waves in the closed eye state extracted based on the intracerebral signal (electroencephalogram or magnetoencephalogram), or in the open eye state and the closed eye state, through a possibility verification experiment regarding non-invasive evaluation of biological fatigue.
- the ⁇ wave in the closed eye state significantly increased during fatigue due to difficult work
- the ⁇ wave in the open and closed eye state significantly decreased during fatigue due to monotonous work. .
- a typical index value for ⁇ waves is a power value (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ ) in an ⁇ wave band (8 Hz to 13 Hz) in a power spectrum obtained by frequency analysis of time series data of brain signals.
- the index value related to the ⁇ wave is obtained by using a logarithmic value of ⁇ (value represented by the following expression 1) or a logarithmic value of a power value (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ ) in a ⁇ wave band (3 Hz to 8 Hz). It may be expressed as a Slow-wave Index (a value represented by the following Expression 2) in a closed eye state.
- the index value related to the ⁇ wave is expressed as% ⁇ (the following formula) obtained by dividing ⁇ by ⁇ , ⁇ , and a power value (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ ) of a ⁇ wave band (13 Hz to 25 Hz). 3),% ⁇ obtained by dividing ⁇ by the total power value (value shown by the following equation 4), or Slow-wave Index in the closed eye state using% ⁇ (shown by the following equation 5). Value).
- index value related to the ⁇ wave a value representing an ⁇ wave block that is suppressed by eye opening, which is one of the most characteristic properties of the ⁇ wave, may be used.
- the index value related to the ⁇ wave is the difference between ⁇ in the open eye state (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ (open)) and ⁇ in the closed eye state (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ (closed)).
- ⁇ -blocking (closed eye-opened) may be used, or ⁇ -blocking (closed eye / opened) may be used as a ratio of ⁇ (closed) to ⁇ (opened) as shown in Equation 7 below.
- (Formula 6) ⁇ (closed)- ⁇ (open) (Expression 7) ⁇ (closed) / ⁇ (open)
- the index value is a multiplication value of ⁇ and the center frequency of the ⁇ wave band (Center frequency), a multiplication value of ⁇ and the center frequency of the ⁇ wave band, and a multiplication value of ⁇ and the center frequency of the ⁇ wave band.
- An average frequency (mean power frequency) (value expressed by the following equation 8) may be used.
- the identification unit 601 generates identification information for identifying whether the user is in an open eye state or a closed eye state. Specifically, the identification unit 601 uses information such as a camera and an electrooculogram to identify whether the user is in an open state or a closed eye state, and outputs the identification information to the biological signal measurement unit 401.
- This identification information is, for example, information such as 1 if the eye is open and 0 if the eye is closed.
- the biological signal measuring unit 401 measures a user's brain signal as a biological signal, and adds identification information to the measured biological signal. Specifically, the biological signal measurement unit 401 measures an electroencephalogram among the signals in the user's brain. Then, when the identification information is input from the identification unit 601, the biological signal measurement unit 401 adds the identification information to the measured time series data of the electroencephalogram and outputs it to the feature amount extraction unit 602.
- the feature amount extraction unit 602 extracts a third feature amount related to at least one of ⁇ wave and ⁇ wave obtained from the biological signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit 401. That is, the feature amount extraction unit 602 is at least one of the power value of the ⁇ wave band and the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the time interval in which the identification unit 601 has identified that the user is in the open or closed eye state. The third feature value using the power value of is extracted.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 602 extracts the third feature quantity using the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the time interval in which the identification unit 601 identifies that the user is in the closed eye state. Also, the feature quantity extraction unit 602 extracts a third feature quantity using the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the time interval in which the identification unit 601 has identified that the user is in the open eye state or the closed eye state.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 602 performs frequency analysis on the input time-series data of the brain waves, and a frequency band corresponding to ⁇ waves (8 Hz to 13 Hz) or ⁇ waves (13 Hz to 25 Hz). ) And the respective power values ( ⁇ or ⁇ ). These may be power values in a minimum time interval (for example, 30 seconds) required for frequency analysis, or a certain interval (for example, 2 minutes) in which calculated values in the minimum time interval are further collected in time series. Etc.) may be the average power. Then, the feature amount extraction unit 602 obtains ln ⁇ or ln ⁇ obtained by logarithmizing them.
- the feature amount extraction unit 602 stores the obtained ln ⁇ or ln ⁇ in the storage unit 603 in time series together with the input identification information.
- various index values related to ⁇ waves and ⁇ waves are conceivable, and the index values are not limited to logarithmic values of power values.
- the storage unit 603 is a memory for storing the third feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 602. Specifically, the storage unit 603 accumulates ln ⁇ or ln ⁇ in time series every time ln ⁇ or ln ⁇ is output from the feature amount extraction unit 602.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 uses the third feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 602 to determine the fatigue quality of the user, which is fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work. Specifically, the fatigue quality determination unit 606 includes any one of the third feature amounts extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 602 and the third feature amount stored in the storage unit 603. The quality of fatigue is determined by comparing with at least one feature amount.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 includes ln ⁇ or ln ⁇ to which the identification information output from the feature amount extraction unit 602 is assigned, and ln ⁇ to which the identification information stored in the storage unit 603 is assigned. Or ln ⁇ to determine the quality of fatigue.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 uses ln ⁇ , it is desirable to use data to which information indicating that the eye is closed is assigned as identification information.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 may use data to which information on either the open eye state or the closed eye state is given.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 extracts the third feature amount using the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the time interval in which the feature amount extraction unit 602 has identified that the user is in the closed eye state by the identification unit 601.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 uses the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the time interval in which the feature amount extraction unit 602 has identified that the user is in the open or closed eye state by the identification unit 601. Is extracted, and it is determined that the fatigue is due to monotonous work when the third feature value decreases in time series.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 selects one in time series among the ln ⁇ stored in the storage unit 603. Compare ln ⁇ at the previous time point with ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state. The same applies to the case of using ln ⁇ in an open eye state or a closed eye state.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 compares the feature quantity of the immediately previous time point with the current feature quantity in time series, the present invention is not limited to this, and a predetermined timing (for example, The feature amount stored immediately after the activation may be used as a reference value and compared with the current feature amount.
- FIG. 7A to 9B are flowcharts showing an example of fatigue quality determination by the fatigue quality determination unit 606 in the third embodiment.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 performs the operation shown in FIG. 7A.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 advances the time series in the ln ⁇ stored in the storage unit 603 in time series. Ln ⁇ in the closed eye state at the time of is called (step S72).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 compares these two values, ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state and ln ⁇ in the closed eye state immediately before (step S73).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state is greater than ln ⁇ in the previous closed eye state (Yes in step S73), the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work. (Step S74).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state is not larger than ln ⁇ in the closed eye state immediately before (No in step S73)
- the feature amount extraction unit 602 next outputs ln ⁇ . Is output, and after the next ln ⁇ is output, the operation from step S71 is repeated.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 may be configured to perform the operation shown in FIG. 7B.
- ⁇ -blocking closed eyes / open eyes
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 stores ⁇ -blocking (closed eyes / open eyes) stored in the storage unit 603.
- ⁇ -blocking of the previous time point is called in time series (step S76).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 compares the current ⁇ -blocking, which is these two values, with the previous ⁇ -blocking (step S77).
- step S77 If the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that the current ⁇ -blocking is larger than the previous ⁇ -blocking (Yes in step S77), the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work (step S77). S78).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that the current ⁇ -blocking is not larger than the previous ⁇ -blocking (No in step S77), the feature amount extraction unit 602 then determines that ⁇ Wait until -blocking is output, and repeat the operation from step S81 after the output of the next ⁇ -blocking.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 may be configured to perform the operation shown in FIG. 8A.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 is stored in the storage unit 603.
- the ⁇ feature amount in the closed eye state at the previous time point in time series is called (step S82).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 compares these two values, ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state and ln ⁇ in the closed eye state at the previous time point (step S83).
- step S84 when the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state is larger than ln ⁇ in the previous closed eye state (Yes in step S83), ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state. And ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the closed eye state at the previous time point are compared (step S84).
- step S84 If the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state is smaller than ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the previous closed eye state (Yes in step S84), fatigue due to difficult work. It is determined that there is (step S85).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 When the ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state is not larger than the ln ⁇ in the closed eye state at the previous time point (No in step S83), the fatigue quality determination unit 606 outputs the ⁇ feature amount from the feature amount extraction unit 602. Until the next ⁇ feature value is output, the operation from step S81 is repeated.
- step S84 when the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the current closed eye state is not smaller than ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the previous closed eye state (No in step S84), the following After outputting the ⁇ feature amount, the operation from step S81 is repeated.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 may be configured to perform the operation shown in FIG. 8B. In this case, when the ln ⁇ and the average frequency in the closed eye state are extracted from the feature amount extraction unit 602 (step S86), the fatigue quality determination unit 606 extracts the previous one in time series stored in the storage unit 603. Call ln ⁇ and the average frequency in the closed eye state (step S87).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 compares these two values, the average frequency in the current closed eye state and the average frequency in the closed eye state at the previous time point (step S88).
- fatigue quality determination unit 606 is in the current closed eye state. ln ⁇ is compared with ln ⁇ in the closed eye state at the previous time point (step S83).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that the current ln ⁇ is greater than the previous ln ⁇ (Yes in step S83), the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work (step S89).
- step S83 the current ln ⁇ is larger than the ln ⁇ at the previous time. If it is determined that there is not (No in step S83), the process waits until the next feature value is output, and after the output, the operation from step S86 is repeated.
- step S91 when the ln ⁇ in the eye open state is output from the feature amount extraction unit 602 (step S91), the fatigue quality determination unit 606 chronologically in the ln ⁇ in the eye open state stored in the storage unit 603. Call ln ⁇ in the open eye state at the previous time point (step S92).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 compares these two values, ln ⁇ in the current open eye state and ln ⁇ in the previous open eye state (step S93).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ in the current open eye state is smaller than ln ⁇ in the previous open eye state (Yes in step S93), the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that the fatigue is due to monotonous work. (Step S94).
- step S93 If the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ in the current open eye state is not smaller than the previous open eye state ln ⁇ (No in step S93), then the feature value extraction unit 602 outputs ln ⁇ . The operation from step S91 is repeated after the next ln ⁇ is output.
- the feature amount extraction unit 602 may extract ln ⁇ in the closed eye state, and the fatigue quality determination unit 606 may perform the same processing. Also in this case, similarly to the process of step S93, the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines whether or not the fatigue is due to monotonous work based on whether or not the current ln ⁇ is smaller than the previous ln ⁇ .
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 may be configured to perform the operation shown in FIG. 9B.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 is stored in the storage unit 603.
- the ⁇ feature amount in the eye open state at the previous time point in time series is called (step S96).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 compares these two values, ln ⁇ in the current open eye state and ln ⁇ in the previous open eye state (step S93).
- step S93 if the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ in the current eye open state is smaller than ln ⁇ in the eye open state immediately before (Yes in step S93), ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the current eye open state is determined. And ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the eye-opened state at the previous time point are compared (step S97).
- fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the current open eye state is greater than ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ in the previous open eye state (Yes in step S97), fatigue due to monotonous work. Determination is made (step S98).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines that ln ⁇ in the current open eye state is not smaller than ln ⁇ in the open eye state at the previous time (No in step S93), then the feature amount extraction unit 602 outputs the ⁇ feature amount. Is output, and after the next ⁇ feature amount is output, the operation from step S95 is repeated.
- step S95 After outputting the ⁇ feature value, the operations from step S95 are repeated.
- the feature amount extraction unit 602 may extract the ⁇ feature amount in the closed eye state, and the fatigue quality determination unit 606 may perform the same processing. In this case as well, the fatigue quality determination unit 606 determines whether or not the current ln ⁇ is smaller than ln ⁇ at the previous time and the current ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ at the previous time, as in the processes of Step S93 and Step S97. It is determined whether or not it is fatigue due to monotonous work based on whether or not it is greater than ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ .
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 600 determines whether fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work based on the feature quantity related to at least one of ⁇ wave and ⁇ wave from the brain signal.
- the quality of fatigue can be determined. Based on the determined quality of fatigue, for example, it is possible to switch the prescription (rest, sleep, medicine, etc.) to be given to the user and to support recovery more suitable for the user.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 600 can determine the quality of fatigue from the brain signals measured by bringing a sensor into contact with the head, for example, people of occupations wearing hats, headset microphones, etc. It can also be applied to labor management.
- At least one of the power value of the ⁇ wave band and the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the brain signal is distinguished from the value in the user's open eye state or the closed eye state. Therefore, it becomes possible to improve the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation.
- this configuration further improves the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation because it is determined whether the user is fatigued due to work that is difficult to fatigue from the power value of the ⁇ wave band in the time interval in which it is identified that the user is in an eye-closed state. It becomes possible to do. Further, it is possible to provide recovery support suitable for the user against fatigue due to difficult work by judging the quality of fatigue.
- the external device may be controlled by an external configuration.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1000 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. 10, the same components as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1000 includes a biological signal measurement unit 401, a feature amount extraction unit 1002, a storage unit 1003, and a fatigue quality determination unit 1006, and further outputs a stimulation stimulus to the user. Part 1001.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1000 may further include a device control unit 405.
- the present inventors change the feature amount in the acceleration pulse wave waveform with respect to the auditory stimulation by the tone burst stimulation (90 dB at 1000 Hz) depending on the quality of fatigue. I found out.
- the feature quantity related to the acceleration pulse wave waveform for auditory stimulation changes significantly before mental fatigue load and after fatigue load due to monotonous work, but significantly after fatigue load due to difficult work. Found no change. That is, in the case of fatigue due to difficult work, it can be said that the response of the pulse wave to the auditory stimulus is slowed down.
- the feature quantity related to the acceleration pulse wave waveform a feature quantity using information on a plurality of acceleration pulse waveform components including the c-wave or d-wave information described in the first embodiment may be used.
- the possibility verification experiment regarding the non-invasive evaluation of biological fatigue conducted by the present inventors will be described in detail later.
- the biological signal measurement unit 401 measures a pulse wave and the feature amount extraction unit 1002 extracts a c / a value that is a crest wave to a wave height ratio will be described as an example.
- the stimulus output unit 1001 outputs an auditory stimulus that stimulates hearing to the user. Specifically, the stimulus output unit 1001 outputs an auditory stimulus to the user, and outputs stimulus information indicating that the auditory stimulus has been output to the biological signal measuring unit 401.
- the auditory stimulus output to the user may be a stimulus that gives a sound stimulus of 90 dB at 1000 Hz for several minutes, which is often used in clinical experiments in the medical field.
- the stimulus information is, for example, information such as 1 when an auditory stimulus is output and 0 when it is not output.
- the biological signal measurement unit 401 measures a user's pulse wave signal, and when stimulus information is input from the stimulus output unit 1001, adds the stimulus information to the time-series data of the measured pulse wave signal, and the feature amount extraction unit To 1002.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 1002 extracts the first feature quantity obtained from the systolic posterior component of the pulse wave signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit 401. That is, the feature amount extraction unit 1002 calculates an acceleration pulse wave from the pulse wave signal, and extracts a ratio of the c-wave peak value to the a-wave peak value of the acceleration pulse wave as a first feature amount.
- the feature amount extraction unit 1002 performs second-order differentiation on the pulse wave signal measured by the biological signal measurement unit 401 and converts it into an acceleration pulse wave waveform.
- the c / a value which is the ratio of the c wave corresponding to the backward systolic component of the volume pulse wave and the a wave corresponding to the forward systolic component, is obtained, and the c / a value is determined as the stimulus information.
- it is output to the storage unit 1003.
- the storage unit 1003 stores the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 1002 in time series. Note that when the c / a value is extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 1002, a value for each beat of the pulse wave signal may be output as it is, or an average over a predetermined time interval (for example, 10 seconds). A value may be output.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 uses the first feature amount extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 1002 to determine the user's fatigue quality, which is fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 includes the first feature amount in the time interval before the auditory stimulus is output by the stimulus output unit 1001 stored in the storage unit 1003, and the auditory stimulus is output by the stimulus output unit 1001. The quality of fatigue is determined by comparing the first feature value in the time interval when output.
- the auditory stimulus is output by the stimulus output unit with respect to the first feature amount in the time interval before the auditory stimulus is output by the stimulus output unit 1001 stored in the storage unit 1003.
- the first feature amount in the time interval increases, it is determined that the fatigue is due to monotonous work, and when it is not increased, it is determined that the fatigue is due to difficult work.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 determines the quality of fatigue by comparing the c / a value to which the stimulus information is not given with the c / a value to which the stimulus information is given. Therefore, when the c / a value to which the stimulus information is newly added is output from the feature amount extraction unit 1002, the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 determines the time among the c / a values stored in the storage unit 1003. The c / a value to which the stimulus information of the immediately previous time is not assigned is called and compared with the c / a value to which the current stimulus information is assigned.
- the determination of the quality of fatigue by the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 is not limited to this, and the c / a value to which the stimulation information stored at a certain fixed timing (for example, immediately after activation) is not applied is used. As a reference value, you may compare with the c / a value to which the present stimulus information is provided.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of fatigue quality determination by the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 stores c stored in the storage unit 1003. In the / a value, the c / a value to which the stimulus information of the immediately previous time point is not added is called (step S112).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 compares the c / a value to which the present stimulus information, which is these two values, is given with the c / a value to which the previous stimulus information is not given (Step). S113).
- step S114 determines that the fatigue quality determination unit 1006 determines that the c / a value to which the current stimulus information is assigned is greater than the c / a value to which the previous stimulus information is not assigned (Yes in step S113) It is determined that the fatigue is due to monotonous work (step S114).
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1000 determines the quality of fatigue, which is fatigue due to work that is difficult for the user to fatigue or fatigue due to monotonous work, from the change in the feature amount related to the acceleration pulse wave waveform with respect to the auditory stimulus. To do. With such a configuration, it is possible to determine the quality of fatigue of the user, and to switch the prescription (rest, sleep, medicine, etc.) to be given thereby to provide a recovery support more suitable for the user.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1000 has excellent versatility because it determines the quality of fatigue using a pulse wave that can be easily measured and an auditory stimulus that does not require a special apparatus, regardless of the scene. For example, it is possible to measure the pulse wave from the place where the driver touches during driving and judge the quality of fatigue using the change of the pulse wave signal with respect to the sound stimulus output by the car navigation system, and also apply as a driving monitoring device Can do.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1200 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. 12, the same components as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- a biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1200 includes a biological signal measurement unit 401, a feature amount extraction unit 1202, a storage unit 1203, and a fatigue quality determination unit 1206, and a fatigue determination unit 1204 that determines whether the user is fatigued. Is further provided.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1200 may further include a device control unit 405.
- the feature amount extraction unit 1202 obtains the c / a value as in the first embodiment and the power value of HF as in the second embodiment. Extract.
- the feature amount extraction unit 1202 may output the value for each beat of the pulse wave signal as it is for the c / a value, or the same as the minimum time interval (for example, 30 seconds) of the HF power value. You may output the average value in a time interval.
- the storage unit 1203 accumulates the c / a value extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 1202 and the HF power value in time series.
- the fatigue determination unit 1204 determines the presence or absence of fatigue in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 determines the user's fatigue quality, which is fatigue due to difficult work or fatigue due to monotonous work, as in the second embodiment. judge.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1200 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the form of the biological signal measuring unit 401 may be a biological sensor mounted on the steering unit, or a wearable biological sensor that is attached to an appropriate part such as a driver's finger or ear.
- the feature amount extraction unit 1202 extracts and outputs the c / a value and the HF power value (step S1302). ).
- the fatigue determination unit 1204 c / a at the previous time point in time series among the c / a values stored in the storage unit 1203. Call a value (step S1303).
- the fatigue determination unit 1204 compares the current c / a value, which is these two values, with the previous c / a value (step S1304).
- the fatigue determination unit 1204 determines that the current c / a value is greater than the previous c / a value (Yes in step S1304), the fatigue determination unit 1204 determines that the user is fatigued and determines that the user is fatigued. Is output to the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 (step S1305).
- the output fatigue determination signal may be, for example, 1 if fatigued, 0 if not.
- the feature amount extraction unit 1202 when the fatigue determination unit 1204 determines that the current c / a value is not larger than the c / a value at the previous time (No in step S1304), the feature amount extraction unit 1202 then outputs c / a Wait until the a value and the HF power value are output. After the next c / a value and the HF power value are output, the operation from step S1302 is repeated.
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 uses the time series of the HF power values stored in the storage unit 1203. Thus, the power value of the HF at the previous time is called (step S1306).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 compares these two values of the current HF power value with the previous HF power value (step S1307).
- step S1307 If the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 determines that the power value of the current HF is smaller than the power value of the HF at the previous time (Yes in step S1307), the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 determines that the fatigue is due to difficult work (step S1307). S1308).
- the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 determines that the current HF power value is not smaller than the previous HF power value (No in step S1307), the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 determines that the fatigue is due to monotonous work. (Step S1309).
- the device control unit 405 decreases the difficulty of the set route of the car navigation system or guides the vehicle to stop at a safe place.
- An assist function such as prompting for rest is executed (step S1310).
- the device control unit 405 switches the car navigation setting route to a route with less monotony, or has a refreshing scent or heat. Then, an assist function such as outputting an airflow stimulus or accelerating the beat or tempo of the music is executed (step S1311).
- the fatigue determination unit 1204 determines the presence or absence of fatigue based on the feature quantity related to the pulse wave, and the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 determines the quality of fatigue based on the feature quantity related to the parasympathetic nerve activity amount.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the fatigue determination unit 1204 may further determine the presence or absence of fatigue using a feature quantity related to the electroencephalogram, and the fatigue quality determination unit 1206 determines the quality of fatigue in the same manner as in the third or fourth embodiment. May be.
- the biological fatigue evaluation apparatus 1200 determines whether or not there is fatigue based on the feature quantity related to the pulse wave and the feature quantity related to the parasympathetic nerve activity quantity which is one of the autonomic nerve activities and difficult work.
- the quality of fatigue is determined. With such a configuration, the influence of factors other than fatigue can be alleviated, and the accuracy of determining the presence or absence of fatigue and the accuracy of determining the quality of fatigue can be improved. Further, it is possible to switch the prescription given to the user based on the determination result of the quality of fatigue and to provide recovery support more suitable for the user.
- each of the above devices is configured by a computer system including a microprocessor, a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk unit, etc.
- the RAM or the hard disk unit is similar to the above each device.
- a computer program for achieving the operation is stored.
- Each device achieves its functions by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program.
- a part or all of the components constituting each of the above devices may be configured by one system LSI (Large Scale Integration).
- the system LSI is a super multifunctional LSI manufactured by integrating a plurality of components on one chip, and specifically, a computer system including a microprocessor, a ROM, a RAM, and the like. .
- the RAM stores a computer program that achieves the same operation as each of the above devices.
- the system LSI achieves its functions by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program.
- a part or all of the constituent elements constituting each of the above devices may be constituted by an IC card or a single module that can be attached to and detached from each device.
- the IC card or the module is a computer system including a microprocessor, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- the IC card or the module may include the super multifunctional LSI described above.
- the IC card or the module achieves its function by the microprocessor operating according to the computer program. This IC card or this module may have tamper resistance.
- the present invention may be a method realized by the computer processing described above. Further, the present invention may be a computer program that realizes these methods by a computer, or may be a digital signal composed of the computer program.
- the computer program or the digital signal may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium include a flexible disk, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an MO, a DVD, a DVD-ROM, a DVD-RAM, a BD (Blu-ray Disc), and a semiconductor memory.
- the present invention may be the digital signal recorded on these recording media.
- the computer program or the digital signal may be transmitted via an electric communication line, a wireless or wired communication line, a network represented by the Internet, a data broadcast, or the like.
- the present invention may also be a computer system including a microprocessor and a memory.
- the memory may store the computer program, and the microprocessor may operate according to the computer program.
- the program or the digital signal is recorded on the recording medium and transferred, or the program or the digital signal is transferred via the network or the like, and executed by another independent computer system. It is good.
- the present inventors conducted a subject experiment for the purpose of verifying the possibility of non-invasive fatigue assessment of human beings, a state in which a human has fallen into fatigue (a state of fatigue), and This is based on the finding that there are different correlations between changes in electrocardiogram, acceleration pulse wave, electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram during fatigue due to fatigue due to difficult work and fatigue due to monotonous work.
- Test design The present inventors used 20 healthy adults (male, age 32.0 ⁇ 10.2 years (mean ⁇ standard deviation)) as subjects, and two types of N using a personal computer (PC). -A mental fatigue load was applied by performing a back test for 30 minutes, and performance evaluation (measurement of the total number of trials and errors during task execution) was performed for 30 minutes before and after that, respectively, by Advanced Trail Making Test (ATMT).
- ATMT Advanced Trail Making Test
- the 0-back test is a test that makes a subject judge whether or not a designated number, character, or symbol is displayed without using a working memory, and imposes monotonous work.
- the inventors of the present invention assumed that fatigue was caused by monotonous work on the subject by performing this continuously for 30 minutes. Specifically, when a specified number, character, or symbol is displayed on the PC screen, the PC mouse is right-clicked, and if not, the PC mouse is left-clicked. .
- the 2-back test is a test that uses a working memory and allows the subject to determine whether the currently displayed number, letter, or symbol is the same as the last displayed number, letter, or symbol. This is a difficult task.
- the inventors of the present invention assumed that fatigue was caused by difficult work on the subject by performing this continuously for 30 minutes. Specifically, if the number, character, or symbol displayed on the PC screen is the same as the number, character, or symbol displayed two times before, right-click the PC mouse, otherwise In other words, the left mouse button is clicked.
- the display time of numbers, characters or symbols was 0.5 sec, and the display timing from the disappearance of the display of numbers, characters or symbols to the next display was 2.5 sec.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing changes in ATMT results before and after mental fatigue loading.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram showing a subjective report score before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 15B is a diagram showing the subjective report score recorded when the N-back test is performed, recorded at the end of the test.
- the 2-back test group showed significantly higher mental fatigue and difficulty VAS score than the 0-back test group.
- the monotonicity, boredom VAS, and sleepiness KSS score were significantly higher in the 0-back test group than in the 2-back test group.
- Test design The present inventors used 10 healthy adults (male, age 30.8 ⁇ 9.4 years (mean ⁇ standard deviation)) as subjects in Example 1, “monotonous and light work” Mental fatigue with the 0-back test proved appropriate as “the task causing fatigue due to fatigue” and the 2-back test proved appropriate as “the task causing fatigue due to difficult and heavy work” Each task was performed for 30 minutes.
- a resting test As a specific flow of the test, a resting test, a visual stimulus test, and an auditory stimulus test were performed as a pre-task test.
- a resting test the patient was allowed to rest for 2 minutes with the eyes open, and then rested for 1 minute with the eyes closed.
- a visual stimulus test a light stimulus was applied to the left half visual field by blinking of a red light emitting diode. Stimulation was tried twice a minute, and a blinking stimulus of 1 Hz was used for the first time and 16 Hz for the second time.
- a tone burst stimulus 1000 Hz, 90 dB was used, and the stimulus was loaded into the right ear for the first time for about 4 minutes and the left ear for the second time.
- a 0-back test and a 2-back test were performed for 30 minutes.
- the post-task inspection was the same as the pre-task inspection, but was performed in the order of rest test, auditory stimulus test, and visual stimulus test.
- the acceleration pulse wave (APG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) were continuously measured from the rest test before the task execution to the visual stimulus test after the task execution.
- VAS Visual Analog Scale
- KSS Karolinska Sleepness Scale
- the fatigue strength was measured by the Chalder's fatigue scale before the start of the test only on the first day of the two types of test implementation days.
- two types of tests were conducted at the crossover, and the influence due to the order of the tests was excluded.
- frequency analysis is performed by the maximum entropy method from time series data of aa interval fluctuations, which are intervals of a waves between pulses, and Low Frequency component (LF) and High Frequency component (HF) are calculated. Changes in the autonomic nervous activity index associated with a certain N-back test were analyzed. Furthermore, the difference in the response of the acceleration pulse wave waveform when an auditory stimulus was given before and after the N-back test was analyzed.
- LF Low Frequency component
- HF High Frequency component
- ECG inspection An active tracer (manufactured by Arm Electronics Co., Ltd.) was used for measurement. As a result, heart rate variability was measured, frequency analysis using the maximum entropy method was performed to calculate LF and HF, and changes in the autonomic nervous activity index associated with the N-back test, which is a mental fatigue load, were analyzed.
- NEROFAX EEG 1518 manufactured by Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd. was used for measurement.
- time series data of the electroencephalogram was acquired, and frequency analysis was performed by a fast Fourier transform method (FFT).
- FFT fast Fourier transform method
- the analysis target site is a research report of Kaida et al. (Non-patent literature: Kaida K et al., Validation of Karolinska sleepines scale against performance 10 and EEG variables. -F3, C3 and O1 in the -20 method.
- the analysis frequency band was a ⁇ wave band (3 Hz or more and 8 Hz or less), an ⁇ wave band (8 Hz or more and 13 Hz or less), and a ⁇ wave band (13 Hz or more and 25 Hz or less), and an arithmetic sum of these power values was defined as a total power value.
- the ⁇ wave band (0 Hz or more and 3 Hz or less) was excluded from the analysis in consideration of the effect of blinking in the open eye state.
- MEG examination A 160-channel helmet-type magnetoencephalograph (MEG vision) (manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation) was used for measurement. As a result, the spontaneous magnetic field activity was measured when the eyes were open and closed before and after the N-back test, and frequency analysis by FFT was performed. The target of frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity by FFT was 160 channels, and the range of each frequency was defined in the same way as EEG.
- MEG vision helmet-type magnetoencephalograph
- FIG. 16A is a diagram showing changes in the peak value of the APG waveform before and after mental fatigue load (0-back).
- FIG. 16B is a diagram illustrating a change in the peak value of the APG waveform before and after mental fatigue load (2-back).
- both the 0-back test execution group and the 2-back test execution group have N-back test as reported in the previous research as shown in Patent Document 1.
- a significant decrease in the a wave and e wave and a significant increase in the b wave were observed.
- no influence of mental fatigue load was observed on the c wave or d wave.
- the c-wave or d-wave is a component wave that changes due to factors other than fatigue. For this reason, the influence by factors other than fatigue can be offset by using c wave or d wave as an index value.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing changes in index values (c / a, c / b, c / e) based on APG before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing changes in index values (ac, ca,
- / a were significantly increased by the N-back test, and c / B and ac were found to decrease significantly.
- the c / a value shown in FIG. 17 increases significantly from 0.043 to 0.091 before and after fatigue in the 0-back test group, and before and after fatigue in the 2-back test group. There was a significant increase from 0.048 to 0.085.
- the index value using c-wave or d-wave that does not show the influence of these mental fatigue loads can cancel the influence of factors other than fatigue compared to the case where the crest value is used as it is, and the fatigue evaluation It was considered a more effective index.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a change in c / a value with respect to auditory stimulation before and after mental fatigue load.
- the present inventors analyzed this time. As a result, in the 0-back test execution group, c / a was determined to be before the auditory stimulation before and after the 0-back test. It was found that there was a significant change in auditory stimulation. On the other hand, the 2-back test group showed significant changes before and during auditory stimulation before the 2-back test, but significant changes before and during auditory stimulation after the 2-back test. (The “**” mark is not displayed on the graph after the 2-back test is performed).
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing changes in lnHF before and after mental fatigue load.
- lnHF is considered to be an indicator of parasympathetic nervous system activity. From this result, parasympathetic nervous system activity is not observed in fatigue caused by monotonous work, but is not accompanied by changes in parasympathetic nervous system activity. It was thought that the decline was characteristic.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing changes in ln ⁇ , ln ⁇ , and ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing changes in ln ⁇ , ln ⁇ , and ln ⁇ / ln ⁇ before and after mental fatigue load.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram showing a change in% ⁇ before and after mental fatigue load
- FIG. 23B is a diagram showing a change in% ⁇ before and after mental fatigue load
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing changes in ⁇ -blocking before and after mental fatigue load.
- the average frequency in the power spectrum of MEG or EEG is determined by multiplying the center frequency of the ⁇ and ⁇ wave bands (5.5 Hz), the multiply value of ⁇ and the center frequency of the ⁇ wave band (10.5 Hz), ⁇ and The average frequency was confirmed to be unchanged before and after the 2-back test, as determined by an expression obtained by dividing the sum of the multiplication values of the center frequency (19 Hz) of the ⁇ wave band by the total power value.
- fatigue due to difficult work not only promotes speeding up, but also enhances alpha waves, which are one of the basic rhythms of the brain (further than returning to standard values). It was considered.
- the c-wave or d-wave of the APG waveform is not easily affected by mental fatigue load.
- the evaluation accuracy of fatigue evaluation can be improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the parasympathetic nerve activity index calculated by the frequency analysis of APG or ECG, the power value of the ⁇ wave and the power value of the ⁇ wave calculated by the frequency analysis of EEG or MEG are “fatigue caused by monotonous and light work” And "Fatigue caused by difficult and heavy work” was found to behave differently.
- an autonomic nervous activity index is calculated by frequency analysis of APG or ECG, and an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity and a decrease in parasympathetic nervous system activity are observed during fatigue.
- the present inventors have now found that there is a type of fatigue that is not accompanied by a decrease in parasympathetic activity. Therefore, it has been found that by using the parasympathetic nerve activity index, the power value of the ⁇ wave, and the power value of the ⁇ wave, it is possible to differentiate not only the presence of fatigue but also the qualitative difference of fatigue.
- the living body fatigue evaluation apparatus can evaluate human fatigue non-invasively and easily with high accuracy, and is useful for early detection of fatigue in daily life.
- recovery support suitable for the user can be achieved, and it can also be applied to uses such as driver status estimation systems in automobiles and employee management systems in workplaces. it can.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における生体疲労評価装置100の構成を示すブロック図である。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態2における生体疲労評価装置400の構成を示すブロック図である。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態3における生体疲労評価装置600の構成を示すブロック図である。図6において、図4と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する場合がある。
(式1)lnα
(式2)lnθ/lnα
また、α波に関する指標値は、αをθとαとβ波帯域(13Hz以上25Hz以下)のパワー値(以下、βと記す)とをあわせたトータルパワー値で除した%α(以下の式3で示される値)、θをトータルパワー値で除した%θ(以下の式4で示される値)、または%θを用いた閉眼状態でのSlow‐wave Index(以下の式5で示される値)でもよい。
(式3)%α=α/(θ+α+β)
(式4)%θ=θ/(θ+α+β)
(式5)%θ/%α
また、α波に関する指標値は、α波の最も特徴的な性質の一つである、開眼によって抑制されるα波ブロックを表現した値を用いてもよい。例えば、α波に関する指標値は、以下の式6に示すように、開眼状態におけるα(以下、α(開)と記す)と閉眼状態におけるα(以下、α(閉)と記す)との差としてのα‐blocking(閉眼-開眼)でもよいし、以下の式7に示すように、α(開)に対するα(閉)の比としてのα‐blocking(閉眼/開眼)でもよい。
(式6)α(閉)-α(開)
(式7)α(閉)/α(開)
また、当該指標値は、θとθ波帯域の中心周波数(Center frequency)との乗算値、αとα波帯域の中心周波数との乗算値、及びβとβ波帯域の中心周波数との乗算値の総和をトータルパワー値で除した平均周波数(Mean power frequency)(以下の式8で示される値)でもよい。
(式8)(θ×5.5+α×10.5+β×19)/(θ+α+β)
一方、β波に関する指標値としては、β波帯域(13Hz以上25Hz以下)のパワー値βが代表的である。その他、β波に関する指標値として、βの対数値(以下の式9で示される値)、開眼状態或いは閉眼状態のSlow‐wave Index(以下の式10で示される値)、開眼状態におけるSlow‐wave Index(以下の式11で示される値)、%β(以下の式12で示される値)、開眼状態或いは閉眼状態のSlow‐wave Index(以下の式13で示される値)などが挙げられる。
(式9)lnβ
(式10)lnθ/lnβ
(式11)(lnα+lnθ)/lnβ
(式12)%β=β/θ+α+β
(式13)%θ/%β
なお、式3に示された%α、式4に示された%θ、式12に示された%β、また式8に示された平均周波数を求める方法として、これに限定するものではなく、例えば、δ波帯域(0Hz以上3Hz以下)のパワー値もトータルパワーに加えて求めてもよい。しかし、通常、δ波帯域は瞬きの影響が大きい帯域であることから、除外される場合も少なくはない。
図10は、本発明の実施の形態4における生体疲労評価装置1000の構成を示すブロック図である。図10において、図4と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
図12は、本発明の実施の形態5における生体疲労評価装置1200の構成を示すブロック図である。図12において、図4と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を用い、説明を省略する。
なお、本発明を上記実施の形態に基づいて説明してきたが、本発明は、上記の実施の形態に限定されず、以下のような場合も本発明に含まれる。
(1)試験デザイン
本発明者らは、健常成人20名(男性、年齢32.0±10.2歳(平均±標準偏差))を被験者として、パーソナルコンピュータ(PC)を用いた2種類のN‐backテストを30分間実施することで精神疲労負荷を与え、その前後にAdvanced Trail Making Test(ATMT)によるパフォーマンス評価(課題遂行時の総トライアル数及びエラー数の測定)をそれぞれ30分間実施した。
N‐backテストの中でも、0‐backテストと2‐backテストを採用した。0‐backテストは、ワーキングメモリを使用せず、指定された数字や文字或いは記号が表示されたかどうかを被験者に判断させるテストであり、単調作業を強いるものである。
図14は、精神疲労負荷前後のATMTの成績変化を示す図である。
(1)試験デザイン
本発明者らは、健常成人10名(男性、年齢30.8±9.4歳(平均±標準偏差))を被験者として、実施例1で「単調で、負荷の小さい作業による疲労を引き起こす課題」として適切だと証明された0‐backテストと、「困難で、負荷の大きい作業による疲労を引き起こす課題」として適切だと証明された2‐backテストとを、精神疲労を引き起こす課題としてそれぞれ30分間実施した。
APG検査:測定には指尖用フィンガープローブ(日本光電工業株式会社製)と独自開発した加速度脈波計測プログラムを用いた。これにより、指尖容積脈波を2階微分した加速度脈波を測定してa波、b波、c波、d波、e波それぞれの波高値を測定し、精神疲労負荷であるN‐backテストに伴う加速度脈波波形の波高値やそれらを用いた特徴量の変化を解析した。また、脈拍間のa波の間隔であるaa間隔変動の時系列データから最大エントロピー法により周波数解析を実施してLow Frequency component(LF)やHigh Frequency component(HF)を算出し、精神疲労負荷であるN‐backテストに伴う自律神経活動指標の変化を解析した。さらにN‐backテスト実施前と実施後に聴覚刺激を与えた際の加速度脈波波形の反応の違いを解析した。
N‐backテスト実施後の主観データでは、0‐backテスト実施群は2‐backテスト実施群に比べて、眠気、単調、退屈VASスコアが有意に高値を示した。一方では、2‐backテスト実施群は0‐backテスト実施群に比べて、ストレス及び難しさのVASスコアが有意に高値を示す傾向にあった。これらの結果は、実施例1の結果とほぼ同じ傾向であり、本試験の信頼性・妥当性を保証するものと考えられた。
101、401 生体信号計測部
102、402、602、1002、1202 特徴量抽出部
103、403、603、1003、1203 記憶部
104、1204 疲労判断部
105、405 機器制御部
406、606、1006、1206 疲労質判定部
601 識別部
1001 刺激出力部
2501 脈波計測部
2502 加速度脈波算出部
2503、2506 記憶部
2504、2507 評価部
2505 カオス解析部
Claims (20)
- ユーザの脈波信号を計測する生体信号計測部と、
前記生体信号計測部により計測された脈波信号の収縮期後方成分から得られる第一特徴量を抽出する特徴量抽出部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第一特徴量を記憶するための記憶部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第一特徴量を用いて、ユーザの疲労の有無を判断する疲労判断部とを備え、
前記疲労判断部は、前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第一特徴量のうちのいずれかの特徴量と、前記記憶部に記憶されている第一特徴量のうちの少なくとも1つの特徴量とを比較して、前記疲労の有無を判断する
生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記特徴量抽出部は、前記脈波信号から加速度脈波を算出し、前記収縮期後方成分に対応した加速度脈波の成分波であるc波またはd波の情報を少なくとも含む複数の成分波の情報を用いて、前記第一特徴量を抽出する
請求項1に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記特徴量抽出部は、前記加速度脈波のa波、b波またはe波の波高値に対する前記c波の波高値の比を前記第一特徴量として抽出し、
前記疲労判断部は、前記第一特徴量の絶対値が時系列的に増加した場合に疲労していると判断する
請求項2に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記特徴量抽出部は、前記加速度脈波のa波の波高値と前記c波の波高値との差を前記第一特徴量として抽出し、
前記疲労判断部は、前記第一特徴量の絶対値が時系列的に減少した場合に疲労していると判断する
請求項2に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記特徴量抽出部は、前記加速度脈波の前記c波の波高値と前記d波の波高値との差を、前記加速度脈波のa波で除した値を前記第一特徴量として抽出し、
前記疲労判断部は、前記第一特徴量の絶対値が時系列的に増加した場合に疲労していると判断する
請求項2に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - さらに、
前記疲労判断部により疲労していると判断された場合、ユーザに刺激を与える外部機器を制御する機器制御部を備える
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記生体信号計測部は、さらに、ユーザの心拍或いは脈波を生体信号として計測し、
前記特徴量抽出部は、さらに、前記生体信号計測部により計測された生体信号から得られる、副交感神経活動量を示す第二特徴量を抽出し、
前記記憶部は、さらに、前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第二特徴量を記憶しており、
前記生体疲労評価装置は、さらに、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第二特徴量を用いて、困難な作業による疲労か、或いは単調な作業による疲労かのユーザの疲労の質を判定する疲労質判定部を備え、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記疲労判断部が疲労していると判断した場合に、前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第二特徴量のうちのいずれかの特徴量と、前記記憶部に記憶されている第二特徴量のうちの少なくとも1つの特徴量とを比較して、前記疲労の質を判定する
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記疲労質判定部は、前記第二特徴量が時系列的に減少した場合に、困難な作業による疲労であると判定し、減少しない場合に、単調な作業による疲労であると判定する
請求項7に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - さらに、
前記生体信号計測部は、さらに、ユーザの脳内信号を生体信号として計測し、
前記特徴量抽出部は、さらに、前記生体信号計測部により計測された生体信号から得られる、β波およびα波のうち少なくともどちらか一方に関連する第三特徴量を抽出し、
前記記憶部は、さらに、前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第三特徴量を記憶しており、
前記生体疲労評価装置は、さらに、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第三特徴量を用いて、困難な作業による疲労か、或いは単調な作業による疲労かのユーザの疲労の質を判定する疲労質判定部を備え、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記疲労判断部が疲労していると判断した場合に、前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第三特徴量のうちのいずれかの特徴量と、前記記憶部に記憶されている第三特徴量のうちの少なくとも1つの特徴量とを比較して、前記疲労の質を判定する
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - さらに、
ユーザが開眼状態にあるか閉眼状態にあるかを識別する識別情報を生成する識別部を備え、
前記生体信号計測部は、計測した生体信号に前記識別情報を付加し、
前記特徴量抽出部は、前記識別部によりユーザが開眼状態或いは閉眼状態にあることを識別された時間区間におけるβ波帯域のパワー値、およびα波帯域のパワー値のうち少なくともどちらか一方のパワー値を用いた前記第三特徴量を抽出する
請求項9に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記特徴量抽出部は、前記識別部によりユーザが閉眼状態にあることを識別された時間区間におけるα波帯域のパワー値を用いた前記第三特徴量を抽出し、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記第三特徴量が時系列的に増加した場合に、困難な作業による疲労であると判定する
請求項10に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記特徴量抽出部は、前記識別部によりユーザが開眼状態或いは閉眼状態にあることを識別された時間区間におけるβ波帯域のパワー値を用いた前記第三特徴量を抽出し、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記第三特徴量が時系列的に減少した場合に、単調な作業による疲労であると判定する
請求項10または11に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - さらに、
ユーザに対して聴覚を刺激する聴覚刺激を出力する刺激出力部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第一特徴量を用いて、困難な作業による疲労か、或いは単調な作業による疲労かのユーザの疲労の質を判定する疲労質判定部とを備え、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記疲労判断部が疲労していると判断した場合に、前記記憶部に記憶されている前記刺激出力部により聴覚刺激が出力される前の時間区間における第一特徴量と、前記刺激出力部により聴覚刺激が出力された時の時間区間における第一特徴量とを比較して、前記疲労の質を判定する
請求項1または2に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - 前記特徴量抽出部は、前記脈波信号から加速度脈波を算出し、前記加速度脈波のa波の波高値に対するc波の波高値の比を前記第一特徴量として抽出し、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記記憶部に記憶されている前記刺激出力部により聴覚刺激が出力される前の時間区間における第一特徴量に対し、前記刺激出力部により聴覚刺激が出力された時の時間区間における第一特徴量が増加した場合に、単調な作業による疲労であると判定し、増加していない場合に、困難な作業による疲労であると判定する
請求項13に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - さらに、
前記疲労質判定部により判定された疲労の質に応じてユーザに刺激を与える外部機器を制御する機器制御部を備える
請求項7~14のいずれか1項に記載の生体疲労評価装置。 - ユーザの心拍或いは脈波を生体信号として計測する生体信号計測部と、
前記生体信号計測部により計測された生体信号から得られる、副交感神経活動量を示す第二特徴量を抽出する特徴量抽出部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第二特徴量を記憶するための記憶部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第二特徴量を用いて、困難な作業による疲労か、或いは単調な作業による疲労かのユーザの疲労の質を判定する疲労質判定部とを備え、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第二特徴量のうちのいずれかの特徴量と、前記記憶部に記憶されている第二特徴量のうちの少なくとも1つの特徴量とを比較して、前記疲労の質を判定する
生体疲労評価装置。 - ユーザの脳内信号を生体信号として計測する生体信号計測部と、
前記生体信号計測部により計測された生体信号から得られる、β波およびα波のうち少なくともどちらか一方に関連する第三特徴量を抽出する特徴量抽出部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第三特徴量を記憶するための記憶部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第三特徴量を用いて、困難な作業による疲労か、或いは単調な作業による疲労かのユーザの疲労の質を判定する疲労質判定部とを備え、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第三特徴量のうちのいずれかの特徴量と、前記記憶部に記憶されている第三特徴量のうちの少なくとも1つの特徴量とを比較して、前記疲労の質を判定する
生体疲労評価装置。 - ユーザに対して聴覚を刺激する聴覚刺激を出力する刺激出力部と、
ユーザの脈波信号を計測する生体信号計測部と、
前記生体信号計測部により計測された脈波信号の収縮期後方成分から得られる第一特徴量を抽出する特徴量抽出部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第一特徴量を記憶するための記憶部と、
前記特徴量抽出部により抽出された第一特徴量を用いて、困難な作業による疲労か、或いは単調な作業による疲労かのユーザの疲労の質を判定する疲労質判定部とを備え、
前記疲労質判定部は、前記記憶部に記憶されている前記刺激出力部により聴覚刺激が出力される前の時間区間における第一特徴量と、前記刺激出力部により聴覚刺激が出力された時の時間区間における第一特徴量とを比較して、前記疲労の質を判定する
生体疲労評価装置。 - コンピュータにより生体の疲労を評価する生体疲労評価方法であって、
ユーザの脈波信号を計測する生体信号計測ステップと、
前記生体信号計測ステップで計測された脈波信号の収縮期後方成分から得られる第一特徴量を抽出する特徴量抽出ステップと、
前記特徴量抽出ステップで抽出された第一特徴量を記憶部に記憶させる記憶ステップと、
前記特徴量抽出ステップで抽出された第一特徴量を用いて、ユーザの疲労の有無を判断する疲労判断ステップとを備え、
前記疲労判断ステップでは、前記特徴量抽出ステップで抽出された第一特徴量のうちのいずれかの特徴量と、前記記憶部に記憶されている第一特徴量のうち前記記憶部から読み出した少なくとも1つの特徴量とを比較して、前記疲労の有無を判断する
生体疲労評価方法。 - 請求項19に記載の生体疲労評価方法に含まれるステップをコンピュータに実行させるプログラム。
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WO2018159462A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-07 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 作業情報表示システム |
CN109833049A (zh) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-04 | 浙江强脑科技有限公司 | 疲劳驾驶预防方法、装置及可读存储介质 |
JP2021077134A (ja) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | マツダ株式会社 | 車両制御装置および運転者状態判定方法 |
JP7342636B2 (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2023-09-12 | マツダ株式会社 | 車両制御装置および運転者状態判定方法 |
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US20140180145A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
EP2371286B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
EP2371286A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
US20110288424A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
JP5559784B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
US8706206B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
CN102271584B (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
CN102271584A (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
JPWO2011052183A1 (ja) | 2013-03-14 |
EP2371286A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
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