WO2011035573A1 - 纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2011035573A1
WO2011035573A1 PCT/CN2010/071494 CN2010071494W WO2011035573A1 WO 2011035573 A1 WO2011035573 A1 WO 2011035573A1 CN 2010071494 W CN2010071494 W CN 2010071494W WO 2011035573 A1 WO2011035573 A1 WO 2011035573A1
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natural polymer
hydroxyapatite
nano
solution
polymer composite
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French (fr)
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李立华
周长忍
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暨南大学
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/40Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
    • A61L27/44Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
    • A61L27/46Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix with phosphorus-containing inorganic fillers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/02Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants

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  • the invention relates to the preparation of nano hydroxyapatite, in particular to a nano hydroxyapatite / natural polymer composite material And its preparation method and application.
  • Natural bone tissue is a nano-hydroxyapatite (HAP ) and biopolymers of natural polymers, so the composite of nano-hydroxyapatite has been a hot topic of research, but the exudation of nanoparticles may have adverse effects on the body, so biomineralization may be a kind of An effective method improves the biocompatibility of the material while maintaining the mechanical properties of the matrix material.
  • Biomineralization is based on the principle of bionics, using biomacromolecules as a template. The nanocomposite and gradient structures of natural bone tissue are replicated by self-assembly or self-organization to control the growth of inorganic crystals.
  • Natural polymer materials such as chitin, chitosan and its derivatives, collagen, sodium alginate and other polysaccharides and proteins are the main organic components in the biological complexes in nature, and as macromolecular templates play an important role in biomineralization. Role, and its interaction with inorganic mineral crystals provides a high degree of molecular recognition. Moreover, these materials are favored by many researchers in tissue engineering research because of their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, biomineralization using natural polymer materials as macromolecular templates is an effective method to simulate natural tissues. .
  • tissue engineering especially bone tissue engineering scaffolding materials
  • the preparation of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials from natural polymer materials is not ideal.
  • the main object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a rapid mineralization method for a natural polymer material with short reaction time and mild conditions, that is, to provide a nano hydroxyapatite / A method for preparing a natural polymer composite.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite material obtained by the above method, wherein the natural polymer material is a porous matrix material, and a nano-hydroxyapatite mineralized layer is deposited inside and outside.
  • a nano-hydroxyapatite / The preparation method of the natural polymer composite material, or the mineralization method of the natural polymer material, is to put the natural polymer material into a mixed solution composed of ethanol, water and urea, and add phosphorus. Sodium dihydrogen sodium solution and calcium chloride solution, sealing reaction;
  • the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the mixed solution is 2-6:1, and the concentration of urea in the mixed solution is 1-3g/100ml. .
  • the concentration and ratio of the solution can be referred to the existing method.
  • the sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution and the calcium chloride solution are at the same concentration, and the molar ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride is controlled to be 5:3. . More preferably, the concentration of the sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution and the calcium chloride solution are both 0.01 to 0.1 M.
  • the sealing reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C for 8 to 24 hours.
  • the volume of the mixed solution is preferably at least twice the volume of the natural polymer material.
  • the system is generally weakly alkaline, otherwise the pH of the reaction system needs to be adjusted to be 10-13, and preferably pH is adjusted using sodium hydroxide, for example using a saturated solution of sodium hydroxide or solid sodium hydroxide.
  • the natural polymer material refers to a common natural biological macromolecular material, in particular, some polysaccharide or protein tissue engineering materials, polysaccharides such as chitin, chitosan, sodium hyaluronate or sodium alginate; Proteins such as collagen, fibronectin or silk fibroin; etc.; derivatives of the above polysaccharide or protein tissue engineering materials after hydroxylation, esterification, carboxylation, alkylation or cross-linking modification Or complex.
  • These natural polymer materials are commonly used as scaffold materials for tissue engineering research, and both have a positive or negative charge, so it is beneficial to closely combine with phosphate or calcium ions in the reaction system.
  • hydroxyapatite is firstly produced by using calcium hydrogen phosphate (DCP) as a precursor and decomposing DCP to form HAP.
  • DCP calcium hydrogen phosphate
  • Urea first decomposes in the system to form CO 2 and NH 3 , and dissolves in water to form HCO 3 - or CO 3 2- and NH 4 + in solution. These ions act as buffers to ensure that the reaction system is weakly alkaline to facilitate DCP. Decomposition and crystallization of HAP.
  • the phosphate or calcium ions in the solution can be combined with positive charges on natural polymers (such as chitosan and its derivatives) or negative charges (such as sodium hyaluronate, sodium alginate, collagen, etc.).
  • natural polymers such as chitosan and its derivatives
  • negative charges such as sodium hyaluronate, sodium alginate, collagen, etc.
  • Part of the natural polymer material is negatively coupled to make the system supersaturated, and these bonding points will act as The nucleation point of the DCP and the nucleation point of the HAP.
  • HAP grows as a growth point with a positive/negative charge on the polymer material and extends over the entire surface of the substrate to form an effective organic / Inorganic hybrid composites.
  • the method of the invention mainly has the following advantages:
  • the preparation method of the present invention is fast and effective.
  • Mineralization 8h according to the method of the invention High crystallinity nano-hydroxyapatite is obtained in the post-system, and the mineralized layer is significantly thickened over time. Therefore, according to the actual size of the mineralized material, the mineralization time is chosen to be 8-24h.
  • the reaction medium in the method of the present invention is a cosolvent of ethanol and water, which are harmless to natural polymer materials, and ethanol /
  • the water mixed solvent co-regulates the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction process, affecting the crystallization and morphology of the nano-hydroxyapatite; urea is used as a mild sustained-release agent to finely adjust the pH value of the system;
  • reaction temperature is preferably not higher than 80 °C, and does not cause degradation and denaturation of the material; pH of the system The value is weakly alkaline and does not cause degradation and dissolution of the material.
  • reaction method and reaction system are easy to operate and control.
  • the chemical reagents involved in the method of the invention are all common reagents, and are easily obtained; in addition, calcium chloride and sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be simultaneously added to the reaction system instead of adding dropwise, saving time and effort; after all the necessary reagents are added, only Need to put the mineralization system The time required for the reaction in an oven at 80 °C. Therefore, the method is a one-pot method, and the entire operation process is simple and feasible.
  • the organic/inorganic hybrid composite obtained by the present invention not only retains a pre-built porous structure, but also forms a mineralization
  • the nano-hydroxyapatite crystal layer is closely combined with the natural polymer material, and a dense mineralized layer is deposited inside and outside the material, so the mechanical strength of the material is remarkably enhanced, and the compressive strength and the compressive modulus are improved respectively in Example 1.
  • Example 1 To 0.42 ⁇ 0.006 MPa and 29.29 ⁇ 1.25 Mpa.
  • Figure 1 shows the XRD pattern of chitosan porous sponge
  • (a) is the crystal XRD pattern formed in the solution after 12 hours of mineralization
  • (c) is a crystal XRD pattern formed in the solution after 24 hours of mineralization
  • (d) is a chitosan porous sponge after 24 hours of mineralization; the bottom histogram is a standard peak map of hydroxyapatite (JCPDS 9-432) ).
  • Figure 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a chitosan porous sponge, where:
  • (d) is a scanning electron micrograph of the hydroxyapatite crystal formed in the solution.
  • the chitosan porous sponge is 2% by weight chitosan acetic acid solution -20 °C frozen for 8h After lyophilization, the sponge has a size of 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 cm, a porosity of about 80%, and an average pore diameter of about 300 ⁇ m. 5 ml of deionized water, 15 ml of ethanol and 0.3 g Add urea to a jar and mix well, then add 5 ml of sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.1 M).
  • Fig. 1 ( b ) is mineralization for 12h
  • the chitosan sponge diffraction pattern has shown a distinct hydroxyapatite diffraction peak, but the intensity of the peak is weak, 30 o
  • the nearby shoulder peak indicates that there is a partial amorphous form in the hydroxyapatite crystal.
  • the diffraction peak of calcium hydrogen phosphate (DCP) appears in the diffraction peak, which is marked by the solid point in the figure; after 24 hours of mineralization, Figure 1d
  • the diffraction peak of hydroxyapatite on the sponge is very sharp and exhibits a single HAP diffraction peak at (112) plane and (300) near the 2 ⁇ angle of 32o.
  • the diffraction peak of the surface appears to be separated, and the crystallinity is much higher than that in the solution (Fig. 1 (c)); the bottom histogram is the standard peak map of hydroxyapatite (JCPDS 9-432).
  • the chitosan sponge is soft and porous, and the mechanical strength after mineralization is significantly increased. After testing, the compressive strength and compressive modulus are increased to 0.42 ⁇ 0.006 MPa and 29.29 ⁇ 1.25 MPa.
  • Phosphorylated chitosan porous scaffold is 2%
  • the (weight) chitosan acetic acid solution was printed by a three-dimensional printer, and the phosphorylated surface was modified to have a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 1 cm ⁇ a height of 1 cm, a porosity of 50%, and a pore size of 500 ⁇ m.
  • a phosphorylated chitosan porous scaffold was placed in a reaction system containing 10 ml of water, 30 ml of ethanol, and 0.5 g of urea. Then add 10ml sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.1M) and 16.7 ml calcium chloride solution (0.1 M).
  • the pH of the sodium hydroxide solids conditioning system was 10 .
  • the reaction system was sealed and placed in an oven at 70 °C for 24 h.
  • the mineralized scaffold is a nano-hydroxyapatite/phosphorylated chitosan composite.
  • the mineralized stent was thoroughly washed with water, sonicated (40KHz) for 10min, then frozen at -20 °C. After 2 h, it was freeze-dried. The suspension in the system is thoroughly washed by centrifugation and deionized water, and then stored dry. Mineralized material passes XRD And scanning electron microscopy showed that the inner and outer surfaces of the material closely covered the nano-hydroxyapatite crystal layer.
  • the silk fibroin fiber bundle is prepared by electrospinning, the fiber diameter is less than 1 nm, and the fiber bundle diameter is about 20 ⁇ m. .
  • a 0.1 g silk fibroin fiber bundle was placed in a mixed solution containing 5 ml of water, 15 ml of ethanol, and 0.3 g of urea, and placed on a shaker to vibrate at a speed of 60 rpm. Then join 8.35ml calcium chloride solution (0.05M) and 5ml sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.05M), adjust the pH value of the system with saturated sodium hydroxide solution 12 .
  • the reaction system was sealed and placed in an oven at 60 °C for 8 h to obtain a nano-hydroxyapatite/silk protein composite.
  • the mineralized sponge is thoroughly washed with water and sonicated (20KHz) 5 min, then -20 °C for 2 h and then freeze-dried.
  • the mineralized material was observed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to show that the surface of the fiber closely covered the nano-hydroxyapatite crystal layer.
  • Collagen sponge is prepared by freezing 1.5% (wt%) collagen solution at -20 °C for 8h. , cylindrical, diameter 5cm ⁇ height 2cm. Immerse the collagen sponge in a mixed solution containing 20 ml of water, 60 ml of ethanol and 1.5 g of urea for about 10 minutes. . Then, 16.7 ml of calcium chloride solution (0.1 M) and 10 ml of sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (0.1 M) were added under magnetic stirring, and the pH of the system was adjusted to 12 with sodium hydroxide. . The reaction system Vaseline was sealed and placed in an oven at 60 °C for 24 hours to obtain a nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite. . The collagen sponge was repeatedly washed with deionized water and ethanol, and then lyophilized. The mineralized material showed that the inner and outer surfaces of the material closely covered the nano-hydroxyapatite crystal layer after XRD and scanning electron microscopy.
  • Modified porous alginate hydrogel is 2% (wt%
  • the sodium alginate aqueous solution is gelled by calcium ions, and has a porosity of 70% and a pore diameter of 300 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 cm.
  • the water complex solvent is dissolved in a wide-mouth glass bottle and then fully impregnated into the modified porous sodium alginate hydrogel.
  • Add 16.7 ml of calcium chloride solution (0.05M) and 10ml of sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution ( 0.05M) adjust the pH of the system to 13 with saturated sodium hydroxide solution.
  • Sodium hyaluronate/polylactic acid (PLA) porous composite scaffold is prepared by sodium hyaluronate powder and polylactic acid powder by CO 2 supercritical fluid technology. Cylindrical, 1.0 ⁇ 1.0cm, sodium hyaluronate and PLA mass ratio is 4. : 6 .

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Description

纳米羟基磷灰石 / 天然高分子复合材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米羟基磷灰石的制备,具体涉及一种 纳米羟基磷灰石 / 天然高分子复合材料 及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
天然骨组织是一个纳米羟基磷灰石( HAP )和天然高分子的生物复合体,因此纳米羟基磷灰石的复合材料一直是研究的热点,但是纳米颗粒的渗出将有可能会对机体产生不良影响,因此生物矿化有可能是一种有效的方法在保持基体材料的力学性能的同时提高材料的生物相容性。生物矿化基于仿生的原理,以生物大分子为模板, 通过自组装或者自组织控制无机晶体的生长,来复制天然骨组织的纳米复合和梯度结构。
天然高分子材料如甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物、胶原、海藻酸钠等多糖和蛋白是自然界中生物复合体中主要的有机成分,作为大分子模板在生物矿化中起到了重要的作用,而且它跟无机矿物晶体之间的相互作用提供了高度的分子识别点。而且这些材料由于具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性等在组织工程研究中受到众多研究者的青睐,因此以天然高分子材料为大分子模板进行生物矿化是模拟天然组织的有效方法。
现有文献中,制备纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒或者涂层的常用方法有:水溶胶法,共沉淀法,乳化法,水热法,电化学法以及化学气相沉积法等。但是这些方法或者要求对反应条件精确控制,或者需要昂贵的原材料,或者引入大量的有毒有机试剂或者很长的反应时间及很高的温度。天然高分子材料作为一种水溶性高分子,对反应条件要求比较苛刻,温度、酸度过高或者反应时间太长很容易引起材料的变性或者降解。同时组织工程尤其是骨组织工程支架材料,要求无机矿物质含量相对较高,并且可以通过利用较厚的矿化层来提高材料的拉伸和压缩强度,因此现有的矿化方法对矿化天然高分子材料制备骨组织工程支架材料并不理想。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种反应时间短、条件温和的天然高分子材料的快速矿化方法,也即提供一种纳米羟基磷灰石 / 天然高分子复合材料的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述方法得到的一种是以天然高分子材料为多孔基体材料,其内外部沉积有纳米羟基磷灰石矿化层的复合材料。
本发明的再一目的是提供上述复合材料作为组织工程材料的应用。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现:
一种纳米羟基磷灰石 / 天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,或者说是一种天然高分子材料的矿化方法,是将天然高分子材料投入由乙醇、水和尿素组成的混合溶液中,加入磷 酸二氢钠溶液和氯化钙溶液,密封反应;
所述 混合溶液中乙醇和水的体积比为 2-6 : 1 ,尿素在混合溶液中的浓度为 1-3g/100ml 。
在上述方法中,加入 磷 酸二氢钠溶液和氯化钙溶液的目的是为了生成 羟基磷灰石,溶液的浓度和配比可参考现有的方法。作为优选, 所述 磷 酸二氢钠溶液和氯化钙溶液的浓度相同,并控制 磷 酸二氢钠和氯化钙的摩尔比为 5 : 3 。更优选地, 所述 磷 酸二氢钠溶液和氯化钙溶液的浓度均为 0.01-0.1M 。
在上述方法中, 所述密封反应优选是 置于 60-80℃ 温度条件下反应 8-24h 。
在上述方法中, 所述混合溶液的体积优选至少为天然高分子材料的体积的 2 倍。
在上述方法中, 在加入磷 酸二氢钠溶液和氯化钙溶液后,体系一般为弱碱性,否则需要调节反应体系的 pH 为 10-13 ,并且优选使用氢氧化钠调节 pH ,例如使用氢氧化钠饱和溶液或固体氢氧化钠。
在上述方法中, 所述天然高分子材料指常见的天然生物大分子材料,特别是一些多糖类或蛋白类组织工程材料,多糖类例如 甲壳素、 壳聚糖、透明质酸钠或海藻酸钠等; 蛋白类例如胶原、粘连蛋白或蚕丝蛋白等;还可以是上述多糖或蛋白类组织工程材料 经过羟化、酯化、羧酸化、烷基化或交联改性后的衍生物 或复合物。这些天然高分子材料均为目前组织工程研究常用的支架材料,并且均具有正电荷或者负电荷,因此有利于跟反应体系中的磷酸根或钙离子紧密结合。
本发明的基本原理如下:
本发明方法中羟基磷灰石的生成首先是以磷酸氢钙 ( DCP ) 为前驱体,利用 DCP 分解生成 HAP 。尿素在体系中首先分解生成 CO2 和 NH3 ,溶于水在溶液中形成 HCO3 - 或 CO3 2- 和 NH4 + ,这些离子作为缓冲剂能够保证反应体系呈弱碱性以利于 DCP 的分解以及 HAP 的结晶。
在矿化反应初始,溶液中的磷酸根或钙离子能够与天然高分子上的正电荷(如壳聚糖及其衍生物)或负电荷(如透明质酸钠、海藻酸钠、胶原等大部分的天然高分子材料均带负电)紧密结合,从而使体系达到超饱和,并且这些结合点将作为 DCP 的成核点和 HAP 的成核点。 HAP 以高分子材料上的正电荷 / 负电荷为生长点生长并延伸到整个基体材料表面,形成有效的有机 / 无机杂化复合材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明方法主要具备如下优点:
( 1 )本发明的制备方法快速有效。按照本发明方法矿化 8h 后体系中就会得到高结晶度纳米羟基磷灰石,并且随着时间延长矿化层会显著增厚。因此根据实际需要矿化材料的体积大小,矿化时间选择为 8-24h 。
( 2 )本发明方法中反应介质是乙醇和水共溶剂,这两者对天然高分子材料无害,并且乙醇 / 水混合溶剂共同调控反应过程中的热力学和动力学,影响纳米羟基磷灰石的结晶及形态;尿素作为温和缓释剂对体系的 pH 值变化进行微调;
( 3 )反应温度优选不高于 80 ℃ ,不会引起材料的降解和变性;体系的 pH 值呈弱碱性,也不会引起材料的降解和溶解。
( 4 )反应方法和反应体系容易操作和控制。本发明方法中所涉及的化学试剂均为常见试剂,容易获得;另外氯化钙和磷酸二氢钠溶液可以同时加入反应体系,代替逐滴加入,省时省力;所有的必需试剂加入以后,只需将矿化体系放到 80 ℃ 烘箱中反应所需时间。因此本方法为 one-pot 法,整个操作过程简单可行。
( 5 )成本低。本发明方法中所涉及的所有试剂均为常见化学试剂,价格低廉;而且整个反应条件比较温和,避免了高能源的投入。
( 6 )本发明得到的有机 / 无机杂化复合材料,不但保留了预先构建的多孔结构,并且矿化形成 纳米羟基磷灰石结晶层与天然高分子材料结合紧密,在材料内、外部均沉积有致密的矿化层,因此材料的力学强度显著增强,如实施例 1 中压缩强度和压缩模量分别提高到 0.42±0.006MPa 和 29.29±1.25 Mpa 。
附图说明
图 1 为壳聚糖多孔海绵 XRD 图;其中,
( a ) 为 矿化 12h 后溶液中的形成的晶体 XRD 图;
( b )为矿化 12h 后的壳聚糖多孔海绵 XRD 图;
( c )为矿化 24h 后溶液中的形成的晶体 XRD 图;
( d )为矿化 24h 后的壳聚糖多孔海绵;底部柱状图为羟基磷灰石标准峰位图( JCPDS 9-432 )。
图 2 为壳聚糖多孔海绵扫描电镜图,其中:
( a )为矿化前壳聚糖多孔海绵扫描电镜图;
( b )为矿化后壳聚糖多孔海绵外表面扫描电镜图;
( c )为壳聚糖多孔海绵内部矿化层扫描电镜图;
( d )为溶液中形成的羟基磷灰石晶体扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
为更好理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步地详细说明,但是本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实例表示的范围。
实施例 1
壳聚糖多孔海绵的矿化。壳聚糖多孔海绵是 2% (重量)壳聚糖醋酸溶液 -20 ℃ 冷冻 8h 后经冷冻干燥制备,海绵尺寸 2×2×1cm ,孔隙度约为 80% ,平均孔径约为 300μm 。将 5 ml 去离子水, 15 ml 乙醇和 0.3 克 尿素加入一广口瓶中搅拌均匀,然后加入 5ml 磷酸二氢钠溶液 ( 0.1M ) 。将该壳聚糖海绵浸入混合溶液中低速搅拌 10 分钟;使溶液充分渗透到海绵网络中,然后加入 8.35ml 氯化钙溶液( 0.1M )继续搅拌 5 分钟,用饱和氢氧化钠溶液调节广口瓶中反应体系的 pH 值为 12 。将广口瓶密封置于 80 ℃ 烘箱中反应 24 h 。 矿化后的壳聚糖多孔海绵用 85% (重量)乙醇水溶液充分清洗,超声( 40KHz )震荡 10min 去除海绵中悬浮的羟基磷灰石,然后 -20 ℃ 冷冻 2h 冻干得到矿化的壳聚糖多孔海绵,即一种 纳米羟基磷灰石 / 壳聚糖复合材料。体系中的悬浮液经离心、去离子水充分清洗后, 60 ℃ 烘干干燥保存,得到纳米羟基磷灰石备用。如图 1 所示,矿化后的壳聚糖海绵 XRD 衍射图表明,矿化 12h 后溶液中已经全部转化为羟基磷灰石(图 1 ( a ) ),在布拉格衍射峰上 2θ 角约为 26 , 28 , 29 , 30-35 , 39 , 46 , 49 和 50º 位置为羟基磷灰石的特征衍射峰;图 1 ( b )为矿化 12h 的壳聚糖海绵衍射图,已经呈现明显的羟基磷灰石衍射峰,但是峰的强度较弱, 30 º 附近的肩峰表明羟基磷灰石结晶中存在部分无定形态,而且,在其衍射峰也出现了磷酸氢钙 ( DCP ) 的衍射峰,图中以实心点标出;矿化 24h 后,如图 1d 所示,海绵上羟基磷灰石的衍射峰非常尖锐,并且呈现单一的 HAP 衍射峰,位于 2θ 角为 32º 附近的( 112 )面和( 300 )面的衍射峰出现分离,结晶度远远高于溶液中形成 HA (图 1 ( c ) );底部柱状图为羟基磷灰石标准峰位图( JCPDS 9-432 )。
壳聚糖海绵柔软多孔,矿化后力学强度显著增加,经检测,压缩强度和压缩模量分别提高到 0.42±0.006MPa 和 29.29±1.25 MPa 。
扫描电镜观察,矿化前的壳聚糖海绵为白色,柔软并且多孔,孔壁较薄(图 2 ( a ) );矿化 24h 后支架表面被羟基磷灰石晶体层紧密覆盖(图 2 ( b ) );矿化支架的内部(图 2 ( c ) )可以看到在壳聚糖膜片上均匀分布一层羟基磷灰石晶体,呈纳米棒状,长度为 100nm 左右,其形态与溶液中形成的晶体相似 ( 图 2 ( d )) 。
实施例 2
磷酸化壳聚糖多孔支架的矿化。磷酸化壳聚糖多孔支架是将 2% (重量)壳聚糖醋酸溶液经三维打印机打印后,磷酸化表面改性制得,圆柱形,直径 1cm × 高 1cm ,孔隙率 50% ,孔径 500μm ;将 5 个磷酸化壳聚糖多孔支架置于含有 10 ml 水、 30 ml 乙醇和 0.5g 尿素的反应体系中。然后加入 10ml 磷酸二氢钠溶液 ( 0.1M ) 和 16.7ml 氯化钙溶液( 0.1M )。搅拌 5 分钟后,氢氧化钠固体调节体系的 pH 值为 10 。将反应体系密封后置于 70 ℃ 烘箱中反应 24 h ,矿化后的支架是一种 纳米羟基磷灰石 / 磷酸化壳聚糖复合材料。 矿化后的支架用水充分清洗,超声( 40KHz )振荡 10min ,然后 -20 ℃ 冷冻 2h 后经冷冻干燥。体系中的悬浮液经离心、去离子水充分清洗后,干燥保存。矿化后的材料经过 XRD 和扫描电镜表明,材料内外表面均紧密覆盖纳米羟基磷灰石晶体层。
实施例 3
蚕丝蛋白纤维束的矿化。蚕丝蛋白纤维束是经静电纺丝制备,纤维直径小于 1nm ,纤维束直径约为 20μm 。将 0.1g 蚕丝蛋白纤维束置于含有 5 ml 水、 15 ml 乙醇和 0.3g 尿素的混合溶液中,放到摇床上振动,速度为 60rpm 。然后加入 8.35ml 氯化钙溶液( 0.05M )和 5ml 磷酸二氢钠溶液 ( 0.05M ) ,用饱和氢氧化钠溶液调节体系的 pH 值为 12 。将反应体系密封后置于 60 ℃ 烘箱中反应 8 h ,即得一种 纳米羟基磷灰石 / 蚕丝蛋白复合材料。 矿化后的海绵用水充分清洗,超声( 20KHz )振荡 5min ,然后 -20 ℃ 冷冻 2h 后冷冻干燥。矿化后的材料经过透射电镜和扫描电镜表明,纤维表面紧密覆盖纳米羟基磷灰石晶体层。
实施例 4
胶原海绵的矿化。胶原海绵是将 1.5% ( wt% )胶原溶液 -20 ℃ 冷冻 8h 后经冷冻干燥制备 ,圆柱形,直径 5cm × 高 2cm 。将该胶原海绵浸入含有 20 ml 水、 60 ml 乙醇和 1.5g 尿素的混合溶液中约 10min 。然后在磁力搅拌加入 16.7 ml 氯化钙溶液( 0.1M )和 10ml 磷酸二氢钠溶液 ( 0.1M ) ,用氢氧化钠调节体系的 pH 值为 12 。将反应体系凡士林密封后放置到 60 ℃ 烘箱中反应 24h ,即得一种 纳米羟基磷灰石 / 胶原复合材料 。胶原海绵用去离子水和乙醇反复清洗后,冻干。矿化后的材料经过 XRD 和扫描电镜表明,材料内外表面均紧密覆盖纳米羟基磷灰石晶体层。
实施例 5
改性多孔海藻酸钠水凝胶的矿化。改性多孔海藻酸钠水凝胶是 2% ( wt% )海藻酸钠水溶液经钙离子成胶,孔隙率为 70% ,孔径为 300μm , 2×2×1cm 。将 0.6g 尿素和 50ml 乙醇 / 水复合溶剂溶解在广口玻璃瓶中,然后投入该改性多孔海藻酸钠水凝胶充分浸泡。加入 16.7 ml 氯化钙溶液( 0.05M )和 10ml 磷酸二氢钠溶液 ( 0.05M ) ,用饱和氢氧化钠溶液调节体系的 pH 值为 13 。重复搅拌均匀后密封,置于 80 ℃ 烘箱反应 8h 得一种 纳米羟基磷灰石 / 海藻酸钠复合材料。最后水凝胶用 85% 乙醇反复清洗并超声( 40KHz )震荡 5min 。 80 ℃ 干燥后经 XRD 和扫描电镜表明,材料内外表面均紧密覆盖纳米羟基磷灰石晶体层。
实施例 6
透明质酸钠 / 聚乳酸( PLA )多孔复合支架的矿化。透明质酸钠 / 聚乳酸( PLA )多孔复合支架是透明质酸钠粉末和聚乳酸粉末经 CO2 超临界流体技术制备,圆柱形, 1.0×1.0cm ,透明质酸钠与 PLA 质量比为 4 : 6 。将 5 个透明质酸钠 / 聚乳酸( PLA )多孔复合支架浸入含 10ml 水、 30ml 乙醇和 0.5g 尿素的溶液中,然后加入 16.7ml 氯 化钙溶液( 0.1M )和 10ml 磷酸二氢钠溶液 ( 0.1M ) ,用饱和氢氧化钠溶液调节体系的 pH 值为 12 。将矿化体系密封后置于 70 ℃ 烘箱中矿化 24h 得一种 纳米羟基磷灰石 / 透明质酸钠 / 聚乳酸复合材料 。矿化后的材料 85% 乙醇反复清洗后,超声(( 40KHz )震荡 5min ,最后冻干后保存。矿化后的材料经过 XRD 和扫描电镜表明,材料内外表面均紧密覆盖纳米羟基磷灰石晶体层。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种纳米羟基磷灰石 / 天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:将天然高分子材料投入由乙醇、水和尿素组成的混合溶液中,加入磷 酸二氢钠溶液和氯化钙溶液,密封反应;
    所述 混合溶液中乙醇和水的体积比为 2-6 : 1 ,尿素在混合溶液中的浓度为 1-3g/100ml 。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述磷酸二氢钠溶液和氯化钙溶液的浓度相同,磷酸二氢钠和氯化钙的摩尔比为5:3。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述磷酸二氢钠溶液和氯化钙溶液的浓度均为0.01-0.1M。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述密封反应是置于60-80℃温度条件下反应8-24h。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述混合溶液的体积至少为天然高分子材料的体积的2倍。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述天然高分子材料为带正或负电荷的多糖或蛋白类组织工程材料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述多糖为甲壳素、壳聚糖、透明质酸钠、海藻酸钠或它们经过羟化、酯化、羧酸化、烷基化或交联改性后的衍生物。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述蛋白为胶原、粘连蛋白、蚕丝蛋白或它们经过羟化、酯化、羧酸化、烷基化或交联改性后的衍生物。
  9. 一种纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料,其特征在于:由权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法制备得到。
  10. 权利要求9所述纳米羟基磷灰石/天然高分子复合材料在组织工程领域的应用。
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