WO2011030622A1 - ちらつきの知覚閾値の測定装置及び測定方法 - Google Patents
ちらつきの知覚閾値の測定装置及び測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/161—Flicker fusion testing
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- the present invention relates to the measurement of a threshold value, which is a value at which a person begins to perceive flickering.
- a threshold value which is a value at which a person begins to perceive flickering.
- the perceptual threshold value of flickering can be objectively and easily measured by eliminating the subject's arbitraryness and tendency, and
- the present invention relates to a measuring apparatus and a measuring method that can be used for evaluation of fatigue (hereinafter also simply referred to as “fatigue”).
- Patent Document 1 a technique that enables a fatigue level test based on the same flicker perception principle as the flicker test using an image presentation device such as a liquid crystal display or a CRT. Have been developing. This has made it possible in principle to measure fatigue easily and on a daily basis using easily accessible devices such as mobile phones and personal computers.
- the flashing cycle of the flashing light is gradually increased, that is, the flashing frequency is gradually decreased, and the button is pressed when the subject subjectively perceives “flicker”.
- the threshold of CFF etc. was measured by making this reaction.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a concept of measuring a flicker threshold in such a conventional technique. That is, in the prior art, the frequency is monotonously changed, and the frequency at the time when the button is pressed when the subject subjectively perceives “flicker” is measured. And the average value of such multiple measurements was used as a flicker threshold.
- the test subject under such uniformly changing flashing light presentation conditions, after several examinations, the subject was able to empirically predict the result during the examination, i.e., the timing of flicker perception. It was. In addition, because the test only asked for the subject's subjective report, it was not possible to determine whether or not they “really perceived flicker”. Therefore, the test subject can arbitrarily operate the test result by adjusting the timing of pressing the button based on experience. In addition, there was no clear correct / incorrect response standard for the response corresponding to the “flicker” perception, and the test response timing (button press timing) was likely to be arbitrary, resulting in large variations in test results. In addition, because the test subject tends to continue to see stimuli at frequencies where the flicker cannot be clearly perceived, the test time is longer and the test results may indicate less fatigue.
- the conventional measurement method has a problem that it is difficult to measure an objective flicker perception threshold because both the arbitraryness and tendency of the subject are likely to be mixed in the timing of pressing the button.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, eliminates the subject's arbitraryness and tendency, and can objectively and accurately measure the perception threshold of flicker, It is an object of the present invention to provide a flicker perception threshold measuring device and a measuring method thereof that can be used for accurate evaluation of fatigue.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by the following means.
- the flicker perception threshold measurement method (1) is a method for measuring flicker perception threshold using an apparatus including an operation unit, a display screen, and a recording unit, and each of a plurality of regions is measured.
- the contrast difference is increased, and the operation is performed.
- the contrast difference at that time is used as the measurement contrast difference.
- determining whether the measured contrast difference recorded in the recording unit has converged If it is determined that the measured contrast difference has not converged, the contrast difference is reduced. And a third step of determining a convergence value of the measured contrast difference as information corresponding to a flicker perception threshold when it is determined that convergence has occurred.
- the flicker perception threshold measuring method (2) is a method for measuring a flicker perception threshold using an apparatus having an operation unit, a display screen, and a recording unit.
- the flicker perception threshold measurement method (3) uses a device having an operation unit, one or more light emitting elements of a plurality of groups arranged in a plurality of regions, and a recording unit.
- a method of measuring a threshold value wherein the light emitting elements arranged in one of the plurality of areas selected at a first blinking frequency and the remaining light emitting elements cannot be blinked by a person.
- a first step of blinking at two blinking frequencies and the operation of the operation unit when the subject perceives flickering of the light-emitting element during the blinking, and the light-emitting element disposed in the selected one region Is determined correctly, the first blinking frequency is reduced, and the operation on the operation unit correctly specifies the light emitting element arranged in the selected one area.
- the plurality of regions are separated from each other.
- the selected area represents a number or a figure, and designating the selected area designates the number or figure. It is characterized by performing an operation to perform.
- the flicker perception threshold measuring device (1) includes an arithmetic processing unit, a display screen, an operation unit, and a recording unit, and each of the arithmetic processing units has a plurality of regions, An ON period image and an OFF period image in which only one corresponding region selected from the regions has a contrast difference with each other are alternately displayed on the display screen.
- the contrast difference is increased, and the operation on the operation unit is performed.
- the contrast difference at that time is recorded in the recording unit as a measured contrast difference, and the recording unit It is determined whether or not the recorded measurement contrast difference has converged, and when it is determined that it has not converged, the contrast difference is reduced, and when it is determined that it has converged, the convergence value of the measurement contrast difference is flicker perception threshold. It is characterized in that it is determined as information corresponding to.
- the flicker perception threshold measuring device (2) includes an arithmetic processing unit, a display screen, an operation unit, and a recording unit, and the arithmetic processing unit selects a plurality of areas of the display screen.
- One of the areas that has been displayed is blinked at a first blinking frequency, and the remaining area is blinked at a second blinking frequency at which a person cannot perceive blinking.
- the arithmetic processing unit displays the display When it is determined that the operation on the operation unit due to the perception of flickering on the screen does not correctly specify the selected one area, the first blinking frequency is decreased, and the operation on the operation unit is performed.
- the first blinking frequency at that time is recorded as the measurement frequency in the recording unit, and the measurement frequency recorded in the recording unit is recorded. It is determined whether or not it has converged. When it is determined that it has not converged, the first blinking frequency is increased. When it is determined that it has converged, the convergence value of the measurement frequency is determined as information corresponding to the flicker perception threshold. It is characterized by that.
- the flicker perception threshold measuring device (3) includes an arithmetic processing unit, an operation unit, one or more light emitting elements of a plurality of groups arranged in a plurality of regions, and a recording unit,
- the arithmetic processing unit sets the light emitting elements arranged in the selected one of the plurality of areas at the first flashing frequency and the remaining light emitting elements at the second flashing frequency at which a person cannot perceive flashing.
- the light emitting element that is displayed in a blinking state, and during the blinking display, the arithmetic processing unit places an operation on the operation part when the subject perceives the flickering of the light emitting element in the selected one region.
- the first blinking frequency is decreased, and it is determined that the operation on the operation unit has correctly specified the light emitting element arranged in the selected one region.
- the first flashing frequency at that time is recorded in the recording unit as a measurement frequency, and it is determined whether or not the measurement frequency recorded in the recording unit has converged.
- the first blinking frequency is sometimes increased, and when it is determined that the first blinking frequency has converged, the convergence value of the measurement frequency is determined as information corresponding to the flicker perception threshold.
- the selected area represents a number or a figure, and designating the selected area designates the number or the figure. It is characterized by performing an operation to perform.
- the present invention it is determined whether or not a response based on a subject's perception with respect to a visual stimulus is correct, and the contrast difference (or normalized contrast) or frequency of the visual stimulus is controlled based on the result of this correct / incorrect determination. It is possible to eliminate the room for the subject's arbitraryness and tendency to be mixed, and to measure the perceptual threshold of flickering more objectively. Thereby, a person's mental fatigue can be evaluated more objectively.
- the present invention makes such an intentional operation impossible, it can be useful not only for self-management of health but also for labor management and safety of production sites.
- the perception threshold of flicker can be determined more accurately and in a shorter time than conventional methods. It becomes possible. That is, the present invention can provide further convenience of inspection by shortening the inspection time.
- normalized contrast When the display device displays an image at a predetermined refresh rate, the brightness ratio (L OFF / L ON ) between the OFF state and the ON state is defined as normalized contrast (hereinafter referred to as normalized contrast). (See FIG. 2).
- normalized contrast When the images are continuously displayed while the normalized contrast is gradually decreased, for example, from n1 to n3 shown in FIG. 2, the subject can perceive flicker when the normalized contrast falls below a certain threshold. .
- This threshold value can be determined as information corresponding to the flicker perception threshold value by causing a response such as a button press when the subject starts to perceive “flicker” subjectively.
- this threshold value can be determined as information corresponding to the flicker perception threshold value by causing a reaction such as a button press when the subject cannot subjectively perceive “flicker”.
- this threshold value becomes smaller as the subject gets tired in proportion to the degree of fatigue of the subject.
- a visual stimulus when an image is presented to a subject, a visual stimulus is generated by displaying an ON / OFF display with a contrast difference (for example, ⁇ L1 in FIG. 2) in a partial region in the image.
- Record information about the partial area (visual stimulus area) hereinafter referred to as area information
- area information determine whether the response based on the subject's flicker perception is correct based on the area information, and check whether the subject's response is correct or incorrect. Based on the determination, the visual stimulus region and the contrast difference are varied.
- a perception threshold determination method for converging to the perception threshold is incorporated in the control of fluctuation. Thereby, there is no room for the arbitraryness or tendency of the subject to be mixed in the examination, and the flicker threshold based on the perception of flicker can be measured in a short time.
- the normalized contrast of the two images at OFF and ON is inversely proportional to the contrast difference between the two images.
- the contrast (or luminance value) at ON is fixed, the relationship between the normalized contrast and the contrast difference is uniquely determined. If the normalized contrast is large, the contrast difference is small. Conversely, if the normalized contrast is small, the contrast difference is large. Therefore, in this specification, controlling to reduce the normalized contrast is equivalent to controlling to increase the contrast difference. Controlling to increase the normalized contrast is equivalent to controlling to reduce the contrast difference.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a flicker perception threshold measuring apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- This measuring apparatus is capable of temporarily holding data, an arithmetic processing unit (hereinafter referred to as CPU) 1 for controlling the whole, a non-volatile read-only memory (hereinafter referred to as ROM) 2 in which programs are recorded, and the like.
- a volatile rewritable memory (hereinafter referred to as RAM) 3 a nonvolatile rewritable recording unit 4 capable of continuously storing data, a time measuring unit 5, and an interface unit for interfacing with the outside ( (Hereinafter referred to as IF section) 6, an internal bus 7 for exchanging data (including control information) between these sections, a display section 8, and an operation section 9.
- IF section an internal bus 7 for exchanging data (including control information) between these sections
- a display section 8 for example, a known computer or a mobile terminal device (such as a mobile phone, PHS, or PDA) can be used.
- the operation unit 9 includes operation means such as keys and pads.
- the display unit 8 includes a display screen (such as a liquid crystal panel) and a drive unit that drives the display screen.
- the timer unit 5 is a means such as a timer that outputs information on the current time using an internal clock.
- the CPU 1 randomly designates a predetermined area of an image having two or more areas as area information and records it in the recording unit 4, and 2 in accordance with conditions specified in advance. One image data is generated. These two image data have different contrasts in the predetermined area and the same contrast in the remaining areas.
- the CPU 1 transmits the above two image data to the display unit 8 via the IF unit 6 and displays each of them in the ON or OFF time.
- the signal input to the display unit 8 is digital data or an analog video signal converted by the IF unit.
- the display unit 8 presents the received image data to the subject 10 at a predetermined refresh rate.
- the specific area is operated by operating the operation unit 9. Is specified.
- This operation information is transmitted to the CPU 1 via the IF unit 6 and recorded in the RAM 3 and the recording unit 4.
- the CPU 1 determines whether or not the specific area designated by the subject is the same as the predetermined area recorded as the area information. If they are the same, that is, if the flicker area is correctly specified, the contrast difference is reduced and an image is generated again and presented to the subject. If they are different, that is, if the flicker area cannot be correctly specified, the contrast difference is increased and an image is generated again and presented to the subject.
- the normalization contrast between images is not increased by uniformly increasing or decreasing the normalization contrast and recording the normalization contrast when the subject perceives flickering. And when the subject flickers irregularly and the subject starts to perceive flicker, or when the condition when the subject no longer perceives converges stably, the convergence value of the normalized contrast (contrast difference) flickers. Is determined as the perception threshold of
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a concept of measuring a flicker perception threshold according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the CPU 1 reads necessary data (including a program) from the ROM 2 and the recording unit 4 to the RAM 3 as appropriate, performs processing using a predetermined area of the RAM 3 as a work area, and appropriately displays temporary results and final processing results. It is recorded in the recording unit 4. Further, it is assumed that initial conditions necessary for measurement are recorded in the recording unit 4 in advance.
- a menu for determining whether or not to perform measurement is displayed on the display screen.
- the subject 10 operates the operation unit 9 and selects measurement, processing described below is started.
- step S1 initialization is performed.
- the contrast of the image is described as a luminance value.
- image type information including the shape and size of an image having a plurality of areas, an initial luminance value L ON during the ON period, an initial value ⁇ L of a luminance value difference (contrast difference), and one type of The time ⁇ during which the image is continuously displayed on and off under the contrast condition is read from the recording unit 4.
- step S2 various condition values for image data generation are calculated. That is, among the plurality of regions of the image, a flicker region to be presented with a contrast difference is determined at random and stored in the RAM 3 as region information.
- the right sector corresponds to a flickering region
- the upper, lower, and left three sectors correspond to a reference region without flickering, for example, a region having an intermediate luminance value.
- the vertical and horizontal fan-shaped positions are associated with numerical values of 1 to 4, for example, and any numerical value of 1 to 4 is stored in the RAM 3 as the area information.
- step S3 image data is generated under the condition such as the luminance value determined in step S2 and displayed on the display screen of the display unit 8.
- the image data in which the luminance values of the four regions are (L b , L b , L b , L 1 ), and the luminance values of the four regions are (L b , L b , L b , L 2 ) are alternately generated, and the corresponding images are alternately displayed on the display screen when ON and OFF.
- step S4 it is determined whether or not the operation unit 9 has been operated by the subject 10. For example, in step S3, “When flickering starts, press ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ respectively corresponding to the flickering area of the image” is displayed on the display screen, and then the image display may be started. When the subject 10 perceives that any one of the plurality of regions of the displayed image starts to flicker and presses any key, the process proceeds to step S7. If the subject 10 has not yet pressed the key, the process proceeds to step S5.
- step S5 the current time t is acquired from the time measuring unit 5 and compared with the start time T. If the difference (t ⁇ T) is smaller than the time ⁇ (t ⁇ T ⁇ ), the process returns to step S4, and the time If it is greater than or equal to ⁇ (t ⁇ T ⁇ ⁇ ), the process proceeds to step S6.
- the image display with the same contrast condition (brightness value condition) is performed for the time ⁇ .
- step S7 it is determined whether or not the area indicated by the pressed key is the same as the area information stored in the RAM 3. When they are not the same, that is, when the wrong key is pressed, the process returns to step S6. When they are the same, that is, when the key is correctly pressed, the process proceeds to step S8.
- step S8 the contrast difference ⁇ L at that time is stored in the recording unit 4 as a measured contrast difference. Then, it is determined whether or not the difference between the previously stored measurement contrast difference and the currently stored measurement contrast difference is within a predetermined allowable range. When it is within the predetermined allowable range, for example, the currently stored measurement contrast difference is stored as a flicker perception threshold, and the process is terminated. When the difference is not within the predetermined allowable range, the process proceeds to step S9.
- step S9 since the variation in flicker perception is large, the contrast difference ⁇ L is decreased by a predetermined value D2 (D2> D1), and the process returns to step S2 to start display and perception of a new contrast condition image.
- D2 a predetermined value
- steps S1 to S9 an image with a predetermined contrast condition is presented to the subject during a predetermined time ⁇ , and whether the operation performed when the subject starts to perceive flickering is determined. Based on this correctness / incorrectness determination, the subject's perception of flicker gradually converges to a certain objective flicker perception threshold while irregularly changing the contrast condition up and down, that is, changing the displayed image. be able to. In this way, the flicker perception threshold of a specific subject can be objectively measured.
- the flicker perception threshold is measured and recorded as described above, and then the flicker perception threshold obtained by measuring the same subject in the same manner is fatigued. It can be determined whether or not the subject is tired by comparing with the perception threshold of flicker in the absence state.
- the increase / decrease amount of the contrast difference ⁇ L is changed in two steps (D2> D1) according to the perception of the perception.
- the increase / decrease amount of the contrast difference ⁇ L is made variable in multiple steps.
- the contrast difference ⁇ L may be controlled so that it has a large value at the start of measurement and gradually decreases as the measurement progresses.
- other psychophysical methods for determining the perceptual threshold may be used for the contrast difference control.
- the flicker threshold may be determined by taking the average of a plurality of measurement contrast differences recorded last.
- the shape and size (number of pixels) of the presented image can be arbitrary.
- the number portion shown in FIG. 7 can be used as a flicker region of an image, and the background portion can be used as a reference region.
- the number cannot be recognized if the contrast difference is small. Therefore, by creating a visual stimulus using the contrast difference between the number and the background, and determining whether or not the subject perceived the number and pressed the corresponding key correctly, the subject can perceive flickering as well.
- a threshold can be measured. For the area information in this case, a numerical value corresponding to the number to be displayed may be used.
- FIG. 8 shows a further example of an image.
- one of the seven regions can be used as the image flickering region, and the remaining region can be used as the reference region.
- the flicker perception threshold of the subject can be measured by determining whether or not the subject has correctly pointed to the flickering region.
- the image data generated in advance and recorded in the recording unit 4 may be read as appropriate.
- the contrast of the reference region is equal to the intermediate value of the different contrasts.
- an arbitrary value may be taken and the flicker perception threshold may be measured in the same manner as described above.
- the contrast of the preferred reference region is an intermediate value of different contrasts. Note that as a method of generating a contrast difference, the color of an image to be presented may be changed.
- the initial contrast difference is set to a large value and control is performed so that the contrast difference becomes small
- the measured contrast difference when the subject cannot perceive flickering may be determined as the flicker perception threshold. .
- the measurement apparatus according to the second embodiment has basically the same configuration as the measurement apparatus according to the first embodiment (FIG. 3), and blinks a plurality of areas on the display screen of the display unit 8 at different blinking frequencies. It differs from Embodiment 1 only in a point. That is, using the display screen, the blinking frequency is changed instead of changing the contrast difference of the image presented to the subject.
- a visual stimulus is generated by blinking one area of the display screen at a first blinking frequency within a blinking frequency range that can be perceived by humans. Further, the remaining area blinks at a second blinking frequency within a blinking frequency range that cannot be perceived by humans (including 0 Hz, that is, not blinking), that is, a blinking frequency that is always perceived as ON.
- the area information regarding the area blinking at the first blinking frequency (visual stimulation area) is recorded, whether or not the reaction based on the subject's flicker perception is correct is determined based on the area information, Based on the determination, the first blinking frequency and the blinking visual stimulus region in the image are changed.
- a perception threshold determination method for converging to the perception threshold is incorporated in the control of fluctuation. Thereby, there is no room for the subject's arbitraryness or tendency to be mixed in the examination, and the flicker perception threshold based on the more objective flicker perception can be measured in a short time.
- the second embodiment is basically based on the same control principle as the first embodiment. Therefore, only the parts different from the first embodiment will be described below.
- the CPU 1 randomly designates a predetermined area of two or more areas of the display screen as area information, records it in the RAM 3, and stores the predetermined area.
- the area is blinked at the first blinking frequency, and the remaining area is blinked at the second blinking frequency.
- the specific area is designated by operating the operation unit 9.
- This operation information is transmitted to the CPU 1 via the IF unit 6 and recorded in the RAM 3 and the recording unit 4.
- the CPU 1 determines whether or not the specific area designated by the subject is the same as the predetermined area recorded as the area information.
- the first flashing frequency is increased and the display screen of the display unit 8 is flashed again and presented to the subject. If they are different, that is, if the flicker area cannot be correctly specified, the first flashing frequency is decreased and the display screen of the display unit 8 is flashed again and presented to the subject.
- the state of the display screen presented to the subject is irregularly changed to determine whether or not the subject correctly perceives flicker.
- the first blinking frequency and the flickering region are irregularly recorded instead of recording the blinking frequency when the subject perceives the flickering by increasing or decreasing the blinking frequency uniformly as in the prior art.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- step S21 initial setting is performed. That is, the type of flashing area, shape, information such as the position, first the initial value of the flicker frequency f 1, the initial value of the width ⁇ f varying the first flicker frequency, the second blinking frequency f 2, and is flicker frequency
- the time ⁇ during which the display screen continues to blink under conditions is read from the recording unit 4.
- the initial value of f 1 may be f 2 .
- step S22 various conditions for blinking are calculated. That is, a one-digit number blinking at the first blinking frequency is randomly determined and stored in the RAM 3 as area information. First image data corresponding to the flickering area indicating the one-digit number and second image data corresponding to the background area without flickering are generated. A first flicker frequency of the flickering areas and f 1, the flashing frequency of the region of the flicker-free background and f 2.
- the time is acquired from the time measuring unit 5 and is set as the start time T.
- step S23 the area corresponding to the randomly determined one-digit number is blinked at the first blinking frequency f1 and the background area is blinked at the second blinking frequency f2 under the blinking condition determined in step S22. That is, the first image data is displayed on the display screen at the first blinking frequency f1, and the second image data is displayed on the display screen at the second blinking frequency f2.
- step S24 it is determined whether or not the operation unit 9 has been operated by the subject 10. For example, in step S23, the display screen can start blinking after displaying “Please press the corresponding number key when numbers appear to flicker on the screen”. When the subject 10 perceives that any number starts to flicker on the display screen and presses any key from 0 to 9, the process proceeds to step S27. If the subject 10 has not yet pressed the key, the process proceeds to step S25.
- step S25 the current time t is acquired from the time measuring unit 5 and compared with the start time T. If the difference (t ⁇ T) is smaller than the time ⁇ (t ⁇ T ⁇ ), the process returns to step S24, and the time If it is greater than or equal to ⁇ (t ⁇ T ⁇ ⁇ ), the process proceeds to step S26. As a result, if the subject 10 does not press any key, the display screen with the same blinking condition is presented to the subject for the time ⁇ .
- step S26 as imperceptible current first flicker frequency f 1 flicker in, return the first flicker frequency f 1 in the step S22 by reducing Delta] f, flashes the display screen in a new flashing condition to start perceived . That is, if any key is not pressed within a predetermined time, it is determined that the perception and operation are not correctly performed.
- step S27 it is determined whether or not the number indicated by the pressed key is the same as the stored area information. When they are not the same, that is, when the wrong key is pressed, the process returns to step S26. When they are the same, that is, when the key is correctly pressed, the process proceeds to step S28.
- step S28 it is stored in the recording unit 4 a first blinking frequency f 1 at this point as a measuring frequency. Then, it is determined whether or not the difference between the previously stored measurement frequency and the currently stored measurement frequency is within a predetermined allowable range. When it is within a predetermined allowable range, for example, the measurement frequency stored this time is stored as a flicker perception threshold, and the process ends. When the above difference is not within the predetermined allowable range, the process proceeds to step S29.
- step S29 since the variations in flicker perception is large, the return of the first flicker frequency f 1 in the step S22 by increasing Delta] f, flashes the display screen of the display unit 8 in a new flashing condition to initiate perception.
- the display screen is blinked under a predetermined flickering condition during a predetermined time ⁇ , and whether the operation performed when the subject starts to perceive flickering is determined. Based on this correct / incorrect determination, the objective flicker is perceived by the subject while the first blinking frequency fluctuates up and down irregularly and at the same time the region blinking at the blinking frequency fluctuates irregularly. It is possible to converge by gradually approaching the perception threshold. In this way, the flicker perception threshold of a specific subject can be objectively measured.
- the fluctuation range ⁇ f of the first blinking frequency may be made variable so as to have a large value at the start of measurement, and ⁇ f may be controlled to have a gradually smaller value as the measurement progresses. That is, to converge the f 1 may be used psychophysical techniques to determine various sensory threshold.
- the area blinking on the display screen may be various types of areas as shown in FIGS.
- the initial first blinking frequency is set to a small value and control is performed to increase the first blinking frequency
- the first blinking frequency when the subject cannot perceive flickering is determined as the flickering perception threshold. You may do it.
- a plurality of groups of LEDs may be provided in the measurement apparatus, and blinking may be created using LEDs instead of the display screen.
- a group of LEDs can be one, or two or more as required.
- the CPU 1 generates the image data in real time.
- the image data generated in advance and recorded in the recording unit 4 that is, a set of image data indicating a plurality of one-digit numbers and a set of background image data corresponding thereto may be read as appropriate. Good.
- the program for measuring the mental fatigue level is recorded in the ROM 2 in advance.
- the program is downloaded to the measuring device by accessing an Internet server or the like.
- the program may be taken into the measuring device via a removable recording medium such as a memory card.
- a program for executing the method of the present invention was mounted on a personal computer (hereinafter referred to as a PC) having a liquid crystal screen whose screen is refreshed at 30 Hz.
- a PC personal computer
- the normalized contrast of the stimulation target (image) was varied temporally and / or spatially to generate image data, and the image was displayed on a black background on the display.
- the subject's flicker perceptual reaction was judged as correct or incorrect, and an experiment was conducted to determine at which point the perception ends stably.
- the image to be stimulated i.e., presented, was an image in which the four regions shown in FIG.
- the arrow key ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) corresponding to the flicker area was pressed.
- the predetermined time ⁇ for determining whether or not the button is operated is 3 s (seconds).
- the normalized contrast is the ratio of the luminance value L OFF of the OFF pixel to the luminance value L ON of the ON pixel, that is, L OFF / L ON .
- the luminance value L ON of the ON pixel was fixed at 255 (8-bit maximum value).
- the luminance value L 1 of the larger flicker area is fixed at 255.
- a typical subject was allowed to perform one flicker perception threshold measurement. Specifically, from these initial conditions, the luminance value of one arbitrarily selected region is alternately set to L 1 or L 1 ⁇ L in terms of time, and the luminance values of the other three regions are set to L 1 ⁇ L / 2. An image was generated and presented to the subject. Normalized contrast so that the subject can easily perceive the flicker if the subject cannot perceive the flicker within the predetermined time (3 s), or if the reaction accompanying the perception (key press) is determined to be an incorrect answer. Was reduced by 1/255 (contrast difference ⁇ L was increased by one gradation), a flicker region was newly selected at random, and an image was generated and presented to the subject.
- the contrast difference ⁇ L is recorded in the recording unit 4 so that the subject is less likely to perceive flicker.
- the normalized contrast was increased by 1/255 ( ⁇ L was decreased by one gradation), a flicker region was newly selected at random, and an image was generated and presented to the subject. In this way, changing the normalized contrast (that is, the contrast difference ⁇ L) and the flickering area according to whether the subject's perceptual response is correct or not is repeated until the normalized contrast stably reaches a certain threshold value.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing how the normalized contrast converges in one flicker perception threshold measurement of a typical subject.
- the horizontal axis represents the measurement time (seconds) that has elapsed since the start of the inspection, and the vertical axis represents normalized contrast.
- the normalized contrast gradually approaches the flicker perception threshold of the subject from the upper left to the lower right corresponding to the state where the flicker cannot be perceived, the normalized contrast is about 0.957, and the contrast difference ⁇ L is 10 .965, it was determined that the key press accuracy rate was about 50:50.
- This state was regarded as a state where the perception was stable and converged, and the measurement was terminated. Therefore, in this measurement example, the flicker perception threshold of the subject was set to 0.957.
- the time used for the measurement was about 80 s.
- the fatigue level could be objectively evaluated by measuring the normalized contrast at which flickering begins to be perceived, excluding arbitraryness and tendency. Further, although not shown, a stable flicker perception threshold could be obtained for the same subject. This is also to support that the present invention was able to eliminate the arbitraryness of the subject's key operation, in contrast to the unstable threshold obtained in the case of the conventional measuring apparatus. .
- one measurement time of 20 to 30 s is measured five times, and the average of the five measurement values is obtained as the flicker perception threshold. A measurement time of ⁇ 3 minutes was required.
- the measurement time can be shortened.
- the normalized contrast of the stimulus is temporally and spatially changed by the method of the present invention in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the normalized contrast (corresponding to the flicker value), which is a flicker perception threshold, is increased with fatigue load.
- the normalized contrast corresponding to the flicker value
- One healthy adult was selected as the subject.
- the subjects were given intermittent labor from daytime and were allowed to participate in the experiment with fatigue.
- the first measurement was performed at 2:30 pm, and the flicker perception threshold was measured using the conventional flicker measurement apparatus and the method of the present invention.
- the subject performed the given labor for another 6 hours, and performed the second measurement by the above-mentioned two methods at 8:30 in the morning.
- the third flicker perception threshold was measured at 14:30 pm 6 hours later.
- the flicker perception threshold was measured in the order of a flicker standard machine and a PC, and each measurement was performed three times in total as described above.
- the presented conditions such as stimulation were the same as in Example 1 above.
- the PC used was Apple's Mac Book Pro.
- the standard flicker was ROKEN DIGITAL FLICKER, MODEL RDF-1 from SHIBATA.
- the stimulus was red and decreased in frequency from 55 Hz to 1 Hz per second.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing measurement results for one subject.
- the vertical axis is the flicker perception threshold normalized by the measurement value at 2:30 pm.
- the measurement value at 2:30 pm is assumed to be 100, and the subsequent measurement value is expressed as a ratio to this.
- the perceptual threshold of flickering measured by the two methods both showed the lowest value in the measurement at 8:30 am when it was most fatigued. And after taking a nap, it can be confirmed that the flicker threshold measured by the two methods has recovered to a level better than the level at 2:30 midnight. Further, if the values measured by the two methods are normalized by the change width, that is, if the widths of the maximum value and the minimum value are made the same, the change tendency is almost the same. In other words, it can be said that the change in the value measured with the PC can almost reproduce the change in the value measured with the flicker standard machine.
- the perception threshold of flickering measured by the two methods decreased with the fatigue load of working all night and recovered by nap. Further, it has been clarified that the flickering perception threshold measured by the method of the present invention can reflect the situation of fatigue similarly to the flicker value measured by the conventional method.
- CPU Arithmetic processing unit
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Abstract
Description
表示装置が所定のリフレッシュレートで画像を表示する場合、OFF時とON時との画像の輝度比(LOFF/LON)を正規化されたコントラスト(以下、正規化コントラストと記す)として定義する(図2参照)。正規化コントラストを、例えば図2に示すn1からn3へのように徐々に減少させながら画像を連続的に表示すると、正規化コントラストがある閾値以下になるとき、被験者はちらつきを知覚することができる。被験者が主観的に「ちらつき」を知覚し始めたときにボタン押し等の反応をさせることにより、この閾値をちらつきの知覚閾値に対応する情報として決定することができる。また、正規化コントラストを例えばゼロから徐々に増大させながら画像を連続的に表示すると、正規化コントラストがある閾値以上になるとき、被験者はちらつきを知覚できなくなる。同様に、被験者が主観的に「ちらつき」を知覚できなくなったときにボタン押し等の反応をさせることにより、この閾値をちらつきの知覚閾値に対応する情報として決定することができる。
本実施の形態2に係る測定装置は、基本的に実施の形態1に係る測定装置(図3)と同じ構成を有し、表示部8の表示画面の複数の領域を異なる点滅周波数で点滅させる点においてのみ実施の形態1と異なる。即ち、表示画面を用いて、被験者に提示する画像のコントラスト差を変化させる代わりに、点滅周波数を変化させる。
2 読出専用メモリ(ROM)
3 書換可能メモリ(RAM)
4 記録部
5 計時部
6 IF部
7 内部バス
8 表示部
9 操作部
Claims (10)
- 操作部、表示画面、及び記録部を備える装置を用いてちらつきの知覚閾値を測定する方法であって、
各々複数の領域を有し、複数の前記領域から選択された対応する1つの前記領域のみが互いにコントラスト差を有するON期間の画像及びOFF期間の画像を前記表示画面に交互に表示する第1ステップと、
前記画像表示中に、被験者が画像のちらつきを知覚したことに伴う前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域を正しく指定していなかったと判定された場合に、前記コントラスト差を大きくし、前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域を正しく指定したと判定された場合に、その時点の前記コントラスト差を測定コントラスト差として前記記録部に記録する第2ステップと、
前記記録部に記録された前記測定コントラスト差が収束したか否かを判定し、前記測定コントラスト差が収束していないと判定されたときには前記コントラスト差を小さくし、収束したと判定されたときには前記測定コントラスト差の収束値をちらつきの知覚閾値に対応する情報として決定する第3ステップと、を含むことを特徴とするちらつきの知覚閾値の測定方法。 - 操作部、表示画面、及び記録部を有する装置を用いてちらつきの知覚閾値を測定する方法であって、
前記表示画面の複数の領域のうち選択された1つの前記領域を第1点滅周波数で、残りの前記領域を、人が点滅を知覚できない第2点滅周波数で点滅表示させる第1ステップと、
前記点滅表示中に、被験者が前記表示画面のちらつきを知覚したことに伴う前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域を正しく指定していなかったと判定された場合、前記第1点滅周波数を小さくし、前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域を正しく指定したと判定された場合、その時点の前記第1点滅周波数を測定周波数として前記記録部に記録する第2ステップと、
前記記録部に記録された前記測定周波数が収束したか否かを判定し、前記測定周波数が収束していないと判定されたときには前記第1点滅周波数を大きくし、収束したと判定されたときには前記測定周波数の収束値をちらつきの知覚閾値に対応する情報として決定する第3ステップと、を含むことを特徴とするちらつきの知覚閾値の測定方法。 - 操作部、複数の領域に配置される複数グループの1つ以上の発光素子、及び記録部を有する装置を用いてちらつきの知覚閾値を測定する方法であって、
複数の前記領域のうち選択された1つの前記領域に配置される前記発光素子を第1点滅周波数で、残りの前記発光素子を、人が点滅を知覚できない第2点滅周波数で点滅させる第1ステップと、
前記点滅中に、被験者が前記発光素子のちらつきを知覚したことに伴う前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域に配置される前記発光素子を正しく指定していなかったと判定された場合、前記第1点滅周波数を小さくし、前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域に配置される前記発光素子を正しく指定したと判定された場合、その時点の前記第1点滅周波数を測定周波数として前記記録部に記録する第2ステップと、
前記記録部に記録された前記測定周波数が収束したか否かを判定し、前記測定周波数が収束していないと判定されたときには前記第1点滅周波数を大きくし、収束したと判定されたときには前記測定周波数の収束値をちらつきの知覚閾値に対応する情報として決定する第3ステップと、を含むことを特徴とするちらつきの知覚閾値の測定方法。 - 複数の前記領域が互いに離隔している
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のちらつきの知覚閾値の測定方法。 - 選択された前記領域が、数字又は図形を表し、
選択された前記領域を指定することが、前記数字または図形を指定する操作を行うことであることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のちらつきの知覚閾値の測定方法。 - 演算処理部、表示画面、操作部、記録部を備え、
前記演算処理部が、各々複数の領域を有し、複数の前記領域から選択された対応する1つの前記領域のみが互いにコントラスト差を有するON期間の画像及びOFF期間の画像を交互に前記表示画面に表示し、
前記画像表示中に、前記演算処理部が、
被験者が画像のちらつきを知覚したことに伴う前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域を正しく指定していなかったと判定した場合には、前記コントラスト差を大きくし、前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域を正しく指定したと判定した場合には、その時点の前記コントラスト差を測定コントラスト差として前記記録部に記録し、
前記記録部に記録された前記測定コントラスト差が収束したか否かを判定し、収束していないと判定したときには前記コントラスト差を小さくし、収束したと判定したときには前記測定コントラスト差の収束値をちらつきの知覚閾値に対応する情報として決定する
ことを特徴とするちらつきの知覚閾値の測定装置。 - 演算処理部、表示画面、操作部、及び記録部を備え、
前記演算処理部が、前記表示画面の複数の領域のうち選択された1つの前記領域を第1点滅周波数で、残りの前記領域を、人が点滅を知覚できない第2点滅周波数で点滅表示させ、
前記点滅表示中に、前記演算処理部が、
被験者が前記表示画面のちらつきを知覚したことに伴う前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域を正しく指定していなかったと判定した場合には、前記第1点滅周波数を小さくし、前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域を正しく指定したと判定した場合に、その時点の前記第1点滅周波数を測定周波数として前記記録部に記録し、
前記記録部に記録された前記測定周波数が収束したか否かを判定し、収束していないと判定したときには前記第1点滅周波数を大きくし、収束したと判定したときには前記測定周波数の収束値をちらつきの知覚閾値に対応する情報として決定する
ことを特徴とするちらつきの知覚閾値の測定装置。 - 演算処理部、操作部、複数の領域に配置される複数のグループの1つ以上の発光素子、及び記録部を備え、
前記演算処理部が、複数の前記領域のうち選択された1つの前記領域に配置される前記発光素子を第1点滅周波数で、残りの前記発光素子を、人が点滅を知覚できない第2点滅周波数で点滅表示させ、
前記点滅表示中に、前記演算処理部が、
被験者が前記発光素子のちらつきを知覚したことに伴う前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域に配置される前記発光素子を正しく指定していなかったと判定した場合には、前記第1点滅周波数を小さくし、前記操作部に対する操作が、選択された1つの前記領域に配置される前記発光素子を正しく指定したと判定した場合に、その時点の前記第1点滅周波数を測定周波数として前記記録部に記録し、
前記記録部に記録された前記測定周波数が収束したか否かを判定し、収束していないと判定したときには前記第1点滅周波数を大きくし、収束したと判定したときには前記測定周波数の収束値をちらつきの知覚閾値に対応する情報として決定する
ことを特徴とするちらつきの知覚閾値の測定装置。 - 複数の前記領域が互いに離隔している
ことを特徴とする請求項6~8の何れか1項に記載のちらつきの知覚閾値の測定装置。 - 選択された前記領域が、数字又は図形を表し、
選択された前記領域を指定することが、前記数字または図形を指定する操作を行うことであることを特徴とする請求項6~8の何れか1項に記載のちらつきの知覚閾値の測定装置。
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JP2012228292A (ja) * | 2011-04-25 | 2012-11-22 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | 標準フリッカー値の計算式の決定方法、標準フリッカー値の計算方法及びプログラム、並びにフリッカー値測定装置 |
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