WO2011024769A1 - 電力系統の需給制御装置、需給制御プログラム、及びその記憶媒体 - Google Patents
電力系統の需給制御装置、需給制御プログラム、及びその記憶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
- Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to power supply and demand control for improving economic efficiency by using a secondary battery for economic load distribution control.
- Demand and supply operation of the power system can be broadly divided into supply and demand planning and supply and demand control.
- the supply and demand plan calculates the economic operation plan of the next day's generator based on the demand forecast results.
- Supply and demand control is performed so that the output of the generator follows the demand fluctuation on the day.
- economic load distribution control corresponding to relatively long cycle fluctuations
- frequency control corresponding to short cycle fluctuations.
- Economic load distribution control provides economical generator output control in response to fluctuations.
- the frequency control the generator output is controlled so as to maintain the frequency constant.
- the role of secondary batteries in supply and demand planning and demand control can be broadly divided into economic improvement by load leveling and frequency fluctuation suppression.
- the load leveling is optimized at the stage of supply and demand planning.
- the supply and demand plan including secondary batteries is a power generation plan in which a generator with high power generation efficiency is operated at a more efficient operating point and a generator with low power generation efficiency is stopped by charging and discharging the secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-94649
- frequency fluctuation suppression there has been proposed one that uses the speed of the response of the secondary battery to suppress load fluctuations and natural energy output fluctuations that the generator cannot follow during frequency control. No. 2001-37085 (hereinafter referred to as “Patent Document 2”).
- Patent Document 1 uses a secondary battery for load leveling in a supply and demand plan, and Patent Document 2 uses it for frequency fluctuation control in frequency control of supply and demand control.
- the secondary battery is actively operated from the viewpoint of economy, so that the economic effect of the secondary battery, that is, It is desired to present a technology that can achieve a greater effect of reducing the fuel cost of the generator by the secondary battery.
- a data detection unit that detects a frequency change amount and a connection power flow change amount of the power system
- a frequency control unit that calculates a regional requirement amount of each of the generator and the secondary battery based on the frequency change amount detected by the data detection unit and the interconnection power flow change amount, the generator, and Based on the economic load distribution unit that calculates the output distribution of each of the secondary batteries, the regional requirement amount calculated by the frequency control unit, and the output distribution calculated by the economic load distribution unit
- a target command value creating unit that creates a target command value for each of the generator and the secondary battery, and outputs the created target command value to the corresponding generator and secondary battery, and the economic load distribution Is to calculate a discharge threshold and a charge threshold based on the discharge unit price and charge / discharge efficiency of the secondary battery, and when the incremental fuel cost of the generator is higher than the discharge threshold, the secondary battery is discharged
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a demand control device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the processing contents of the economic load distribution unit according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the charge / discharge threshold value calculated by the economic load distribution unit according to the embodiment and the incremental fuel cost ⁇ of the generator.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating constraints used in determining the secondary battery output of the economic load distribution unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- desired supply and demand control is realized by a computer-readable supply and demand control program that causes a computer including peripheral devices such as input / output devices to operate as a power supply and demand control device.
- a computer including peripheral devices such as input / output devices to operate as a power supply and demand control device.
- peripheral devices such as input / output devices
- the implementation mode of the hardware and the program can be changed as appropriate.
- the technology shown in each embodiment is not limited to a supply and demand control device and a supply and demand control method, but a program alone for performing supply and demand control, or a storage medium itself storing the program is also meaningful as an invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the supply and demand control apparatus of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the processing contents of the economic load distribution unit
- FIG. 3 is a charge / discharge threshold value calculated by the economic load distribution unit and the incremental fuel of the generator It is a figure which shows the relationship of expense (lambda).
- reference numeral 1 denotes a power system
- reference numeral 2 denotes a computer
- reference numeral 5 denotes an MMI (man machine interface).
- a plurality of generators G 1, G 2,..., Gn, a secondary battery BT, a solar power generation device PV, and a wind power generation device WP are provided inside the power system 1, and are interconnected with other systems 3. 4 is connected.
- the power system 1 may be configured as an independent system that is not linked to other systems.
- a data detection unit 10 is provided in the power system 1.
- the data detection unit 10 is a part for detecting the frequency change amount ( ⁇ F) and the interconnection power flow change amount ( ⁇ PT) in the power system 1.
- a record data storage unit 26 is provided.
- Each of the generators G1, G2,..., Gn, and the secondary battery BT and the computer 2 is connected to a target command value creation unit 211 in the computer 2 via a detection signal line 11 and a control signal line 12. 212,..., 21n, and 21BT, respectively.
- the predicted demand and natural energy predicted output output from the online predicted demand and natural energy predicted output unit 23 and the previous day operation plan output from the previous day operation plan unit 24 are respectively input to the economic load distribution unit 22.
- the economic load distribution unit 22 performs arithmetic processing described later based on the input predicted demand, natural energy predicted output, and the previous day operation plan, and outputs of the generators G1, G2,..., Gn and the secondary battery BT. Calculate the distribution.
- the economic load distribution unit 22 distributes the calculated output distribution of each of the generators G1, G2,..., Gn and the secondary battery BT to the corresponding target command value creation units 211, 212,. Output to 21BT.
- the frequency control unit 25 inputs the frequency change amount ( ⁇ f) and the interconnected line power flow change amount ( ⁇ Pt) from the data detection unit 10 through the signal line 13, and each of the generators G1, G2,. , Gn and the regional demand (AR) of the secondary battery BT are calculated.
- the frequency control unit 25 calculates the calculated regional demand (AR) of each of the generators G1, G2,..., Gn and the secondary battery BT, and the corresponding target command value creation units 211, 212,. -Output to 21n, 21BT.
- the target command value creation units 211, 212,..., 21n, 21BT are based on the output distribution input from the economic load distribution unit 22 and the regional request amount (AR) input from the frequency control unit 25. , And the generated target command values are output to the corresponding generators G1, G2,..., Gn and the secondary battery BT via the signal line 12, so that the corresponding generators G1, G2 are output. ,..., Gn and output control of the secondary battery BT are performed.
- the economic load distribution unit 22 determines the charging threshold value and the discharging threshold value of the secondary battery BT using the formula (1), the formula (2A), and the formula (2B) (step S1).
- the charge threshold and the discharge threshold may be collectively referred to as a charge / discharge threshold.
- electric power charged at a certain unit price may be discharged at a higher unit price after considering a loss due to charging / discharging. Therefore, first, the charge unit price and the discharge unit price of the secondary battery BT satisfying the formula (1) are obtained using the formula (1).
- the unit price of charge and the unit price of discharge may be collectively referred to as a unit price of charge / discharge.
- Charging / discharging efficiency of secondary battery For example, referring to the charging unit price of each time zone of the secondary battery BT included in the previous day operation plan output from the previous day operation plan unit 24, charging in each time zone Based on the unit price, the discharge unit price of the secondary battery BT in each time zone corresponding to the unit price is calculated using Equation (1).
- the charging threshold value and the discharging threshold value of the secondary battery BT are calculated using the equations (2A) and (2B). That is, the average discharge unit price in the previous day operation plan is calculated based on the discharge unit price of the secondary battery BT in each time zone of the previous day operation plan calculated by the formula (1), and the calculated average discharge unit price is determined as the discharge threshold. . Then, the charging threshold value is calculated based on the determined discharging threshold value and the charging / discharging efficiency ⁇ of the secondary battery BT.
- Discharge threshold average discharge unit price in the previous day operation plan (2A)
- Charging threshold Discharging threshold ⁇ ⁇ Equation (2B)
- the determination of the charging / discharging threshold value in the economic load distribution unit 22 uses the equations (2C) to (2H) as described below, in addition to the equations (2A) and (2B) described above. Also good.
- the charge / discharge threshold value can be determined with reference to the previous day or the latest operation result data stored in the operation result data storage unit 26. That is, the economic load distribution unit 22 refers to the discharge threshold value of the previous day or the latest operation result data stored in the operation result data storage unit 26, and based on the discharge threshold value and ⁇ of the referred day, the formula (2C ) To calculate the discharge threshold value of the secondary battery BT. Then, based on the calculated discharge threshold and the charge / discharge efficiency ⁇ of the secondary battery BT, the charge threshold is calculated using Expression (2D).
- Discharge threshold discharge threshold on the day of reference ⁇ ⁇
- Charging threshold Discharging threshold ⁇ ⁇ Equation (2D) ⁇ : ⁇ ⁇ 1.0 and a positive value when the discharge amount of the previous day or the nearest operation performance is less than a predetermined discharge amount determined in advance, the discharge amount of the previous day or the nearest operation performance data Is greater than a predetermined discharge amount determined in advance, ⁇ > 1.0 and a predetermined value that is a positive value.
- the charge / discharge threshold value can be determined based on the statistical processing of the operation result data for a plurality of days stored in the operation result data storage unit 26.
- the predetermined period is every month or every season, and may be every day of the week.
- the economic load distribution unit 22 refers to the discharge unit price of the operation result data for a predetermined period stored in the operation result data storage unit 26, and calculates the average discharge unit price of the discharge unit price for the referred period.
- the calculated average discharge unit price is determined as the discharge threshold value of the secondary battery BT.
- the charge threshold value is calculated using Expression (2F).
- Discharge threshold average discharge unit price in operation result data for a predetermined period
- Charging threshold discharge threshold ⁇ ⁇ Equation (2F) (Determination of charge / discharge threshold considering allowance)
- the charge / discharge threshold value can be determined in consideration of the surplus amount so that the economic effect can be reliably obtained even when the charge / discharge efficiency of the secondary battery is lower than expected. it can. That is, the average discharge unit price in the previous day operation plan is calculated based on the discharge unit price of the secondary battery BT in each time zone of the previous day operation plan calculated by the equation (1). Then, using the equation (2G), the calculated average discharge unit price is determined as the discharge threshold value. Next, based on the determined discharge threshold and the charge / discharge efficiency ⁇ and ⁇ of the secondary battery BT, the charge threshold is calculated using Expression (2H).
- Discharge threshold Average discharge unit price in the previous day operation plan (2G)
- Charge threshold discharge threshold ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) (2H) ⁇ : ⁇ ⁇ 1.0 and a predetermined value that is a positive value
- the economic load distribution unit 22 calculates the generator share demand (step S2). ). That is, the economic load distribution unit 22 calculates the shared demand of the generator by the equation (3) using the predicted online demand and the predicted natural energy output from the predicted natural energy output unit 23 and the predicted natural energy output.
- the natural energy predicted output includes a predicted output of the solar power generation device PV (hereinafter referred to as PV predicted output) and a predicted output of the wind power generator WP (hereinafter referred to as WP predicted output).
- the economic load distribution unit 22 determines initial distribution (step S3). That is, the economic load distribution unit 22 determines the output distribution as the initial distribution of the generator, assuming that the secondary battery BT is not charged / discharged with respect to the generator-sharing demand calculated in step S2, and the time section The incremental fuel cost ⁇ of each generator is calculated.
- the start / stop state of the generator obtained from the previous day operation plan of the previous day operation plan unit 24 is taken into consideration, and the output distribution of the parallel generator is calculated using, for example, the equal ⁇ method.
- the equal ⁇ method is a method generally used when the economic load distribution of the generator is performed, and the incremental fuel cost ⁇ of the generator can also be calculated by using the equal ⁇ method.
- the economic load distribution unit 22 determines the secondary battery output (step S4). That is, the economic load distribution unit 22 compares the charging / discharging threshold value determined in step S1 with the incremental fuel cost ⁇ of the generator calculated in step S3, and uses the equations (4A) to (4C) to recharge the secondary battery BT. Determine the charge / discharge. When the incremental fuel cost ⁇ of the generator is lower than the charging threshold of the secondary battery BT according to the equation (4A), it is determined that “charge the secondary battery BT”. When the incremental fuel cost ⁇ of the generator is between the charging threshold value and the discharging threshold value of the secondary battery BT according to the equation (4B), it is determined that “the secondary battery BT is not charged or discharged”.
- FIG. 3 is an example of the charge / discharge threshold determined in step S1 and the incremental fuel cost ⁇ of the generator calculated in step S3. In FIG. 3, for example, since the incremental fuel cost ⁇ is below the charging threshold at 0-6, the secondary battery BT is charged.
- the secondary battery BT Since the incremental fuel cost ⁇ exceeds the charging threshold between 7 and 22:00, the secondary battery BT is not charged, and if there is a time when the incremental fuel cost ⁇ exceeds the discharging threshold, the secondary battery BT is at that time. To discharge.
- the charging threshold value and the discharging threshold value are shown for 24 hours. However, since the charging threshold value and the discharging threshold value are calculated each time according to the control cycle, these values are calculated each time. May fluctuate.
- the charge / discharge output of the secondary battery BT is within a range where the total value of the planned charge / discharge output of the secondary battery by the operation planning unit 24 on the previous day does not exceed the kW capacity of the secondary battery, and the amount of power stored by the total value is two. It is determined within a range not exceeding the kWh capacity of the secondary battery.
- the discharge output whose value does not fall below the discharge threshold may be calculated algebraically, or a reference value for discharging May be determined in advance.
- the charging output whose value does not exceed the charging threshold may be calculated algebraically, or when charging A standard value may be determined in advance.
- the economic load distribution unit 22 redistributes the output distribution as the initial distribution of each generator calculated in step S3 based on the secondary battery output calculated in step S4 (step S5). That is, the economic load distribution unit 22 subtracts the secondary battery output calculated in step S4 (a positive value in the case of discharging and a negative value in the case of charging) from the generator-sharing demand calculated in step S2, thereby obtaining the output.
- the obtained value is set as a new generator sharing demand, and the output distribution of each of the generators G1 to Gn is determined again based on the new generator sharing demand, and is redistributed.
- the economic load distribution unit 22 performs the processing from step S1 to step S5 described above according to the control cycle, and calculates the output distribution of the secondary battery BT and each of the generators G1 to Gn each time.
- the secondary battery can be controlled using the secondary battery for the economic load distribution control, and the secondary battery can cope with a relatively long cycle variation targeted by the secondary battery economic load distribution control.
- the secondary battery economic load distribution control it is possible to perform power supply and demand control of the electric power system that can obtain more of the economic effect of the secondary battery, that is, the effect of reducing the fuel cost of the generator by the secondary battery.
- Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the configuration of the supply and demand control apparatus according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the constraints shown in FIG. 4 are provided in the determination of the secondary battery output of the economic load distribution unit 22 (step S4 in FIG. 2) with respect to the first embodiment.
- the allowable range ⁇ ⁇ of the charged amount of the secondary battery BT in the constraint shown in FIG. 4 and the times t1 and t2 (0 ⁇ t1 ⁇ t2) are predetermined values.
- the economic load distribution unit 22 determines a charge / discharge control method for the secondary battery BT based on the equations (4A) to (4C) under the constraints of FIG. The constraint in FIG.
- the secondary battery can be controlled using the secondary battery for the economic load distribution control, and the secondary battery can cope with a relatively long cycle variation targeted by the economic load distribution control.
- the secondary battery can cope with a relatively long cycle variation targeted by the economic load distribution control.
- a computer program stored as a computer program in a computer-readable storage medium (for example, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and a semiconductor memory), and the processor and processor are used as necessary. Can be read and executed.
- a computer program can also be distributed by transmitting from one computer to another computer via a communication medium.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.
- various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment.
- constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
Abstract
Description
図1~図3を参照して本発明の実施形態1について説明する。
まず、図1を用いて、実施形態1に係る需給制御装置の構成について説明する。図1において、符号1は電力系統、符号2は計算機、符号5はMMI(マンマシンインターフェース)を示している。電力系統1の内部には複数の発電機G1、G2、・・・、Gnおよび二次電池BT、太陽光発電装置PV、風力発電装置WPが設けられ、他系統3との間で連系線4を介して連系されている。なお、電力系統1を他系統と連系しない独立系統とする構成でもよい。また、電力系統1の内部にはデータ検出部10が設けられている。データ検出部10は、電力系統1における周波数変化量(・F)と連系線潮流変化量(・PT)を検出する部分である。
オンライン予測需要および自然エネルギー予測出力部23から出力される予測需要および自然エネルギー予測出力と、前日運転計画部24から出力される前日運転計画は、経済負荷配分部22にそれぞれ入力される。経済負荷配分部22は、入力された予測需要と自然エネルギー予測出力および前日運転計画に基づいて後述する演算処理を行い、各発電機G1、G2、・・・、Gnおよび二次電池BTの出力配分を算出する。経済負荷配分部22は、算出した各発電機G1、G2、・・・、Gnおよび二次電池BTそれぞれの出力配分を、それぞれ対応する目標指令値作成部211、212、・・・、21n、21BTに出力する。
続いて、図2のフローチャートを参照して、本発明の特徴である経済負荷配分部22の処理動作を説明する。
η:二次電池の充放電効率
ここでは、例えば、前日運転計画部24から出力される前日運転計画に含まれる二次電池BTの各時間帯の充電単価を参照し、この各時間帯の充電単価に基づいて、これに対応する各時間帯の二次電池BTの放電単価を、式(1)を用いて算出する。
充電閾値=放電閾値×η …式(2B)
なお、経済負荷配分部22における充放電閾値の決定は、上述した式(2A)、式(2B)を用いる以外に、以下に説明するように、式(2C)乃至式(2H)を用いてもよい。
式(2C)、式(2D)を用いることで、運転実績データ記憶部26に記憶されている前日あるいは至近の運転実績データを参照して充放電閾値を決定することができる。即ち、経済負荷配分部22は、運転実績データ記憶部26に記憶されている前日あるいは至近の運転実績データの放電閾値を参照し、この参照した日の放電閾値とαに基づいて、式(2C)を用いて二次電池BTの放電閾値を算出する。そして、算出した放電閾値と二次電池BTの充放電効率ηに基づいて、式(2D)を用いて充電閾値を算出する。
充電閾値=放電閾値×η …式(2D)
α:前日あるいは至近の運転実績の放電量が予め決められた所定の放電量よりも少ない場合にはα<1.0且つ正の値である所定値、前日あるいは至近の運転実績データの放電量が予め決められた所定の放電量よりも多い場合にはα>1.0且つ正の値である所定値。
式(2E)、式(2F)を用いることで、運転実績データ記憶部26に記憶されている複数日の運転実績データの統計処理に基づき充放電閾値を決定することができる。所定期間は、月毎あるいは季節毎などであり、曜日毎としてもよい。即ち、経済負荷配分部22は、運転実績データ記憶部26に記憶されている所定期間の運転実績データの放電単価を参照し、この参照した所定期間の放電単価の平均放電単価を算出する。そして、式(2E)を用いて、算出した平均放電単価を二次電池BTの放電閾値として決定する。次いで、決定した放電閾値と二次電池BTの充放電効率ηに基づいて、式(2F)を用いて、充電閾値を算出する。
充電閾値=放電閾値×η …式(2F)
(余裕量を考慮した充放電閾値の決定)
式(2G)、式(2H)を用いることで、二次電池の充放電効率が想定より低い場合でも経済効果を確実に得られるように余裕量を考慮して充放電閾値を決定することができる。即ち、式(1)で算出した前日運転計画の各時間帯の二次電池BTの放電単価に基づき、前日運転計画における平均放電単価を算出する。そして、式(2G)を用いて、算出した平均放電単価を放電閾値として決定する。次いで、決定した放電閾値と二次電池BTの充放電効率ηとβに基づいて、式(2H)を用いて充電閾値を算出する。
充電閾値=放電閾値×(η×β) …式(2H)
β:β≦1.0且つ正の値である所定値
ステップS1により二次電池BTの充放電閾値を算出すると、次に、経済負荷配分部22は、発電機分担需要を算出する(ステップS2)。即ち、経済負荷配分部22は、オンライン予測需要および自然エネルギー予測出力部23から出力される予測需要と自然エネルギー予測出力を用いて、式(3)により発電機の分担需要を算出する。自然エネルギー予測出力には、太陽光発電装置PVの予測出力(以下、PV予測出力と言う)および風力発電装置WPの予測出力(以下、WP予測出力と言う)が含まれる。
次に、経済負荷配分部22は、初期配分を決定する(ステップS3)。即ち、経済負荷配分部22は、ステップS2で算出した発電機分担需要に対して、二次電池BTの充放電を行わないものとして発電機の初期配分としての出力配分を決定し、当該時間断面の各発電機の増分燃料費λを算出する。
充電閾値≦増分燃料費λ≦放電閾値 ⇒ 二次電池BTを充電も放電もしない
…式(4B)
放電閾値<増分燃料費λ ⇒ 二次電池BTを放電する …式(4C)
図3はステップS1で決定した充放電閾値とステップS3で算出した発電機の増分燃料費λの例である。図3では、例えば、0~6時は増分燃料費λが充電閾値を下回っているので二次電池BTを充電する。7~22時の間には増分燃料費λが充電閾値を越えるので、二次電池BTの充電を行わず、さらに増分燃料費λが放電閾値を超える時刻がある場合は、その時刻に二次電池BTを放電する。なお、図3では、充電閾値と放電閾値とを24時間分示してあるが、充電閾値と放電閾値は制御周期に応じて都度算出される値であるので、これらの値は算出される毎に変動する可能性がある。
以上述べたように、実施形態1では、経済負荷配分制御について二次電池を利用した制御を可能とし、二次電池経済負荷配分制御が対象とする比較的長い周期の変動に対応した二次電池による経済運用が行えるようにしたので、二次電池による経済効果、すなわち二次電池による発電機の燃料費低減効果をより多く得られる電力系統の需給制御を行うことが可能となる。
次に、図4を参照して実施形態2について説明する。
実施形態2では、実施形態1に対して、経済負荷配分部22の二次電池出力の決定(図2のステップS4)において、図4に示す制約を設けたものである。ここで、図4に示される制約の二次電池BTの蓄電量の許容幅±γ、時刻t1、t2(0<t1<t2)は予め定めておく値である。経済負荷配分部22は、図2のステップS4において、図4の制約の下、式(4A)乃至式(4C)に基づいて二次電池BTに対する充放電の制御の方法を決定する。図4の制約は、二次電池BTの蓄電量が、予め定められた計画蓄電量を中心とした所定の範囲内(=「計画蓄電量+kWh容量×γ」から「計画蓄電量+kWh容量×(-γ)」の範囲)に収まるようにするために設けたものである。
このような実施形態2によれば、二次電池BTの蓄電量が計画値から大きくずれるのを防ぐことができ、翌日の運転計画の見直しを行わずに済む。
以上詳述したように、各実施形態によれば、経済負荷配分制御について二次電池を利用した制御を可能とし、経済負荷配分制御が対象とする比較的長い周期の変動に対応した二次電池による経済運用が行えるようにしたので、二次電池による経済効果、すなわち二次電池による発電機の燃料費低減効果をより多く得られる電力系統の需給制御を行うことが可能となる。
Claims (8)
- 発電機(G1~Gn)と二次電池(BT)とが接続された電力系統(1)の需給制御装置において、
前記電力系統(1)の周波数変化量と連系線潮流変化量を検出するデータ検出部(10)と、
前記データ検出部(10)により検出された前記周波数変化量と前記連系線潮流変化量に基づいて前記発電機(G1~Gn)と前記二次電池(BT)のそれぞれの地域要求量を算出する周波数制御部(25)と、
前記発電機(G1~Gn)および前記二次電池(BT)のそれぞれの出力配分を算出する経済負荷配分部(22)と、
前記周波数制御部(25)にて算出された前記地域要求量と前記経済負荷配分部(22)にて算出された前記出力配分とに基づいて前記発電機(G1~Gn)および前記二次電池(BT)のそれぞれの目標指令値を作成し、当該作成したそれぞれの目標指令値を対応する発電機(G1~Gn)および二次電池(BT)に出力する目標指令値作成部(211~21n、21BT)とを備え、
前記経済負荷配分部(22)は、前記二次電池(BT)の放電単価と充放電効率に基づき放電閾値と充電閾値を算出し、前記発電機(G1~Gn)の増分燃料費が前記放電閾値よりも高い場合は前記二次電池(BT)を放電するものとし、一方、前記発電機(G1~Gn)の増分燃料費が前記充電閾値よりも低い場合は前記二次電池(BT)を充電するものとして、前記発電機(G1~Gn)および前記二次電池(BT)のそれぞれの出力配分を算出すること
を特徴とする電力系統の需給制御装置。 - 前記経済負荷配分部(22)は、前記二次電池(BT)の前日運転計画における平均放電単価を算出し、この算出した平均放電単価を放電閾値とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力系統の需給制御装置。
- 運転実績データを記憶する運転実績データ記憶部(26)を更に備え、
前記経済負荷配分部(22)は、前記運転実績データ記憶部(26)に記憶されている前日あるいは至近の運転実績データを参照し放電閾値を決定することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力系統の需給制御装置。 - 運転実績データを記憶する運転実績データ記憶部(26)を更に備え、
前記経済負荷配分部(22)は、前記運転実績データ記憶部(26)に記憶されている複数日の運転実績データを参照し、その平均放電単価を算出し、当該算出した平均放電単価を放電閾値として決定することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力系統の需給制御装置。 - 前記経済負荷配分部(22)は、前記二次電池(BT)の放電単価と充放電効率と前記二次電池(BT)の充放電効率が想定よりも低い場合を考慮して定められる余裕量とに基づき放電閾値と充電閾値を算出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力系統の需給制御装置。
- 前記経済負荷配分部(22)は、前記二次電池(BT)の出力配分の算出において、前記二次電池(BT)の蓄電量が計画蓄電量を中心とした所定の範囲内に収まるよう制約を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力系統の需給制御装置。
- 発電機(G1~Gn)と二次電池(BT)とが接続された電力系統(1)の需給制御装置として動作させるコンピュータ読み取り可能な需給制御プログラムにおいて、コンピュータを、
前記電力系統(1)から検出された周波数変化量と連系線潮流変化量に基づいて前記発電機(G1~Gn)と前記二次電池(BT)のそれぞれの地域要求量を算出する周波数制御部(25)と、
前記発電機(G1~Gn)および前記二次電池(BT)のそれぞれの出力配分を算出する経済負荷配分部(22)と、
前記周波数制御部(25)にて算出された前記地域要求量と前記経済負荷配分部(22)にて算出された前記出力配分とに基づいて前記発電機(G1~Gn)および前記二次電池(BT)のそれぞれの目標指令値を作成し、当該作成したそれぞれの目標指令値を対応する発電機(G1~Gn)および二次電池(BT)に出力する目標指令値作成部(211~21n、21BT)と
として機能させ、
前記経済負荷配分部(22)は、前記二次電池(BT)の放電単価と充放電効率に基づき放電閾値と充電閾値を算出し、前記発電機(G1~Gn)の増分燃料費が前記放電閾値よりも高い場合は前記二次電池(BT)を放電するものとし、一方、前記発電機(G1~Gn)の増分燃料費が前記充電閾値よりも低い場合は前記二次電池(BT)を充電するものとして、前記発電機(G1~Gn)および前記二次電池(BT)のそれぞれの出力配分を算出する
ことを特徴とするコンピュータ読み取り可能な需給制御プログラム。 - 請求項7記載の需給制御プログラムを記憶したことを特徴とするコンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体。
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