WO2011018864A1 - 液晶フィルムとそれを用いて得られる光学素子 - Google Patents
液晶フィルムとそれを用いて得られる光学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011018864A1 WO2011018864A1 PCT/JP2010/001728 JP2010001728W WO2011018864A1 WO 2011018864 A1 WO2011018864 A1 WO 2011018864A1 JP 2010001728 W JP2010001728 W JP 2010001728W WO 2011018864 A1 WO2011018864 A1 WO 2011018864A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133635—Multifunctional compensators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133726—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films made of a mesogenic material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal film in which a liquid crystal layer in which homeotropic alignment is directly fixed is formed on a cycloolefin polymer (hereinafter referred to as COP) film having no alignment film, and an optical element using the liquid crystal film.
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- Optical films with refractive index anisotropy play an important industrial role such as being used to improve the image quality of liquid crystal display devices.
- Films having refractive index anisotropy can be broadly classified into those obtained by stretching a plastic film and those obtained by aligning liquid crystals. The latter is more remarkable because it has the potential to realize various refractive index structures.
- Alignment films made by aligning liquid crystal polymers show epoch-making performance as color compensators and viewing angle improvement plates for liquid crystal display devices, and improve the performance, weight and thickness of liquid crystal display devices. Has contributed.
- a film having a larger refractive index in the film thickness direction is considered to be effective for improving the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display device, but such a film is considered to be a shortcut to use the homeotropic alignment (vertical alignment) of the liquid crystal. It is done.
- the homeotropic alignment of liquid crystal molecules is that the long-axis molecular direction of the liquid crystal is aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate. It is well known that homeotropic alignment can be obtained by applying an electric field by putting liquid crystal in two glass substrates, as in a liquid crystal display device.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 after a main chain polymer liquid crystal is homeotropically aligned, a film is obtained by glass fixation.
- homeotropic alignment there is a problem that cracks are likely to occur in the in-plane direction because the polymer liquid crystal compounds are arranged in the film thickness direction, but in these reports, measures such as strengthening of the material by crosslinking are not taken.
- Patent Document 3 the homeotropic alignment of the side chain type liquid crystal polymer is fixed on the substrate without using a vertical alignment film, but the glass transition point (Tg) of the liquid crystal film is low, and the homeotropic alignment is performed at a high temperature. There was a problem that was not enough to hold.
- Patent Document 4 in order to solve this problem, a polymerizable low-molecular liquid crystal is added to the side-chain polymer liquid crystal.
- the low-molecular liquid crystal polymerizes alone, it is still necessary to reinforce the homeotropic alignment retention ability. There was a limit.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a method of providing a polymer laminate having excellent adhesion on a COP film.
- the process and manufacturing cost increase, and the thickness of the laminate increases.
- Patent Document 6 the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the COP film is improved by incorporating a polymer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon acrylate monomer into a liquid crystal material having homeotropic alignment.
- the Tg of the liquid crystal layer is lowered, there is a problem that the homeotropic alignment retention ability is lowered.
- Japanese Patent No. 2853064 Japanese Patent No. 3018120 Japanese Patent No. 3788734 Japanese Patent No. 4174192 JP 2008-9328 A JP 2008-9346 A
- the present invention enables stable production without requiring a complicated process such as light irradiation in an inert gas atmosphere, and maintains the alignment retention ability after fixing the alignment of the liquid crystal and the interlayer between the COP film and the liquid crystal layer.
- An object is to provide a liquid crystal film having excellent adhesion and an optical element using the liquid crystal film.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a liquid crystal film having a liquid crystal layer in which homeotropic alignment is directly fixed on a cycloolefin polymer film having no alignment film, the liquid crystal layer containing a (meth) acrylic compound having an oxetane group A liquid crystal film characterized in that the homeotropic alignment is fixed by polymerizing oxetane groups after homeotropic alignment.
- the (meth) acrylic compound having an oxetane group is one or more compounds selected from compounds represented by formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3).
- the liquid crystal film according to [1]. each R 1 independently represents hydrogen or a methyl group, each R 2 independently represents hydrogen, a methyl group or an ethyl group, L 1 each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —O—CO— or —CO—O—, each m is independently an integer from 1 to 10, and each n is independently And an integer from 0 to 10.
- liquid crystal film according to [1], wherein the liquid crystalline composition containing a (meth) acrylic compound having an oxetane group includes a photocation generator and / or a thermal cation generator.
- the homeotropic alignment is obtained by polymerizing the oxetane group and fixing the homeotropic alignment directly on the COP film.
- a liquid crystal film excellent in interlayer adhesion between the COP film and the liquid crystal layer can be obtained and is also useful as an optical element.
- the liquid crystalline composition used in the present invention is a composition exhibiting liquid crystallinity composed of a (meth) acrylic compound having an oxetane group and a liquid crystalline compound.
- “methacryl” and “acryl” are collectively referred to as “(meth) acryl”.
- the (meth) acrylic compound having an oxetane group a compound represented by the following general formula (1), (2) or (3) is preferable.
- R 1 each independently represents hydrogen or a methyl group
- R 2 each independently represents hydrogen, a methyl group, or an ethyl group
- L 1 is independently a single bond, -O -, - O-CO- or -CO-O- and represents, m is independently an integer from 1 to 10, n is independently , An integer from 0 to 10.
- L 1 is a single bond means that a group bonded through L 1 is directly bonded, and for example, in the case of AL 1 -B, it is AB.
- the compounds of formulas (1) to (3) may be used as a mixture of two or more. Although various compounds corresponding to these formulas (1) to (3) can be mentioned, the following compounds can be mentioned as preferred examples.
- the method for synthesizing these (meth) acrylic compounds having an oxetane group is not particularly limited, and can be synthesized by applying a method used in ordinary organic chemistry synthesis methods. For example, by connecting a site with an oxetane group and a site with a (meth) acrylic group by means such as Williamson's ether synthesis or ester synthesis using a condensing agent, the oxetane group and the (meth) acrylic group are completely A (meth) acrylic compound having an oxetane group having two different reactive groups can be synthesized. In the synthesis, since the oxetane group has cationic polymerizability, it is necessary to select reaction conditions in consideration of causing side reactions such as polymerization and ring opening under strong acidic conditions.
- the adhesion between the COP film, which is a difficult-to-adhere material, and the liquid crystal layer is greatly improved.
- the liquid crystal composition does not contain a (meth) acrylic compound having an oxetane group, sufficient adhesion between the COP film and the liquid crystal layer cannot be obtained.
- the mechanism of its action is not clear, it is presumed that the (meth) acrylic compound having an oxetane group has some mediating effect on adhesion between the COP film and a liquid crystal composition having insufficient affinity.
- the liquid crystalline compound constituting the liquid crystalline composition used in the present invention is a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity excluding the (meth) acrylic compound having the oxetane group, and a liquid crystalline monomer having a polymerizable group
- Examples include main chain type or side chain type liquid crystalline polymers.
- Examples of the main chain type liquid crystalline polymer include polyester, polyesteramide, polyamide, polyamideimide, and polycarbonate.
- Examples of the side chain liquid crystalline polymer include poly (meth) acrylate, polymalonate, polyether, polysiloxane and the like. Among these, a side chain type liquid crystalline polymer is preferable, and a side chain type liquid crystalline polymer represented by the formula (4) is particularly preferable.
- each R 3 independently represents hydrogen or a methyl group
- each R 4 independently represents hydrogen, methyl group, ethyl group, butyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group.
- R 5 represents a hydrogen group, a methyl group or an ethyl group
- R 6 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms
- L 2 each independently represents a group or a carboxyl group.
- the molar ratio of each unit in the polymer may be arbitrary, but is preferably as follows. a: Preferably 0 to 0.80, more preferably 0.05 to 0.50 b: preferably 0 to 0.90, more preferably 0.10 to 0.70 c: preferably 0 to 0.50, more preferably 0.10 to 0.30 d: preferably 0 to 0.50, more preferably 0.10 to 0.30 e: preferably 0 to 0.50, more preferably 0.10 to 0.30 f: preferably 0 to 0.30, more preferably 0.01 to 0.10
- R 4 is preferably hydrogen, methyl group, butyl group, methoxy group, cyano group, bromo group, or fluoro group, and particularly preferably hydrogen, methoxy group, or cyano group.
- L 2 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —O—CO— or —CO—O—.
- R 6 is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 2, 3, 4, 6 , 8 or 18 carbon atoms.
- the side-chain liquid crystalline polymer can be easily synthesized by copolymerizing (meth) acrylic groups of the respective (meth) acrylic compounds corresponding to the respective components by radical polymerization or anionic polymerization.
- Polymerization conditions are not particularly limited, and normal conditions can be employed.
- the side chain type liquid crystalline polymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 200,000, particularly preferably 3,000 to 50,000. Outside this range, the strength is insufficient or the orientation is deteriorated.
- the liquid crystalline composition used in the present invention may further contain a dioxetane compound represented by the following general formula (5).
- the dioxetane compound represented by the general formula (5) can be used regardless of the presence or absence of liquid crystallinity, but preferably exhibits liquid crystallinity.
- each R 7 independently represents hydrogen, a methyl group or an ethyl group
- each L 3 independently represents a single bond or — (CH 2 ) n — (n is an integer of 1 to 12)
- X 1 represents each independently a single bond, —O—, —O—CO— or —CO—O—
- M 1 is represented by formula (6) or formula (7)
- P 1 in formula (6) and formula (7) each independently represents a group selected from formula (8)
- P 2 represents a group selected from formula (9)
- L 4 Each independently represents a single bond, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, —O—, —O—CO— or —CO—O—.
- Et, iPr, nBu and tBu represent an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a normal-butyl group and a tertiary-butyl group, respectively.
- the linking groups connecting the left and right oxetane groups as viewed from the M 1 group may be different (asymmetric type) or the same (symmetric type), and the liquid crystallinity may vary depending on the structure.
- the compound represented by formula (5) is a number of compounds from a combination of L 3, X 1 and M 1 are exemplified, preferably may be mentioned the following compounds.
- These compounds can be synthesized according to a usual synthesis method in organic chemistry, and the synthesis method is not particularly limited.
- the (meth) acrylic compound having any oxetane group represented by the formulas (1) to (3), the liquid crystalline compound, and the formula ( The composition (mass ratio) of each component of the dioxetane compound represented by 5) is a compound having an oxetane group represented by formulas (1) to (3): a liquid crystal compound: a dioxetane represented by formula (5)
- the compound is preferably 1 to 30: 100: 0 to 40, and more preferably 3 to 20: 100: 0 to 30. Outside this range, it is not possible to obtain a liquid crystal film having excellent homeotropic alignment retention ability and interlayer adhesion between the COP film and the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal state is fixed by polymerizing a cationic polymerizable group contained in the composition and crosslinking.
- the heat resistance of a liquid crystal film improves.
- the liquid crystalline composition may contain a photocation generator and / or a thermal cation generator that generates cations by external stimuli such as light and heat. preferable. If necessary, various sensitizers may be used in combination.
- the photo cation generator means a compound capable of generating a cation by irradiating with light having an appropriate wavelength, and examples thereof include organic sulfonium salt systems, iodonium salt systems, and phosphonium salt systems. Antimonates, phosphates, borates and the like are preferably used as counter ions of these compounds. Specific examples of the compound include Ar 3 S + SbF 6 ⁇ , Ar 3 P + BF 4 ⁇ , Ar 2 I + PF 6 ⁇ (wherein Ar represents a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group), and the like. In addition, sulfonic acid esters, triazines, diazomethanes, ⁇ -ketosulfone, iminosulfonate, benzoinsulfonate and the like can also be used.
- the thermal cation generator is a compound capable of generating a cation when heated to an appropriate temperature, for example, benzylsulfonium salts, benzylammonium salts, benzylpyridinium salts, benzylphosphonium salts, hydrazinium salts, carboxylic acid esters, Examples thereof include sulfonic acid esters, amine imides, antimony pentachloride-acetyl chloride complexes, diaryliodonium salts-dibenzyloxycopper, and boron halide-tertiary amine adducts.
- the amount of these cation generators added to the liquid crystal composition varies depending on the structure of the mesogen portion and spacer portion of the compound constituting the liquid crystal composition, the oxetane group equivalent, the alignment conditions of the liquid crystal composition, and the like. Although it cannot be generally stated, it is usually 100 ppm by mass to 20% by mass, preferably 1000 ppm by mass to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5% by mass to 8% by mass, most preferably based on the side chain type liquid crystalline polymer. Is in the range of 1% to 6% by weight. If the amount is less than 100 mass ppm, the amount of cations generated may not be sufficient and polymerization may not proceed. If the amount is more than 20 mass%, the remaining cation generator remains in the liquid crystal film. It is not preferable because there is a risk that the light resistance and the like may deteriorate due to an increase in the number of objects.
- the liquid crystal composition used in the present invention may contain various compounds that can be mixed within a range that does not impair the liquid crystal properties of the liquid crystal composition.
- the compound that can be contained include radical polymerizable groups such as vinyl groups and (meth) acryl groups, and cation polymerizable groups such as oxetane groups (excluding compounds having the above oxetane group), oxiranyl groups, and vinyloxy groups.
- radical polymerizable groups such as vinyl groups and (meth) acryl groups
- cation polymerizable groups such as oxetane groups (excluding compounds having the above oxetane group), oxiranyl groups, and vinyloxy groups.
- oxetane groups excluding compounds having the above oxetane group
- oxiranyl groups oxiranyl groups
- a reaction initiator or activity suitable for each functional group is used. Agents, sensitizers and the like may be added within a range not departing from the object of the present invention.
- a liquid crystalline composition having a reactive group is obtained by achieving a desired alignment and then reacting under a condition suitable for reacting the reactive group to achieve a desired final product by crosslinking or increasing molecular weight. It is also possible to contribute to the improvement of the mechanical strength and the like.
- the COP film is a film mainly composed of COP, and a film having a retardation function is preferable.
- COP is a general generic name for resins obtained from cyclic olefins such as norbornene, tetracyclododecene, and derivatives thereof.
- a cyclic olefin ring-opening polymer, a cyclic olefin addition polymer, a random copolymer of a cyclic olefin and an ⁇ -olefin such as ethylene or propylene, or these are modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof.
- graft-modified products can be given. Moreover, these hydrides are also mentioned. Products include ZEONEX and ZEONOR manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION, Arton manufactured by JSR Corporation, Essina manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Topas manufactured by Topas Advanced Polymers GmbH, and Appel manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Can be mentioned. These COP films may be uniaxially stretched films or biaxially stretched films. Uniaxial stretching is preferably longitudinal uniaxial stretching using the difference in peripheral speed between two or more rolls, or tenter stretching in which both sides of the polymer film are gripped and stretched in the width direction. Biaxial optical anisotropy may be developed by stretching the polymer film in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Moreover, what performed the Z-axis orientation process etc. are mentioned.
- Re1 is usually in the range of 30 nm to 500 nm, preferably 50 nm to 400 nm, for monochromatic light of 550 nm.
- the thickness of the COP film is preferably 10 to 400 ⁇ m, and most preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the optical property as the whole film may satisfy the said conditions using two or more polymer films.
- the viewing angle improving film of the liquid crystal display device can widen the viewing angle while correcting the color tone of the liquid crystal display.
- An improvement effect can be obtained.
- the Re1 value is smaller than 30 nm or larger than 500 nm, a sufficient viewing angle improvement effect cannot be obtained, or unnecessary coloring may occur when viewed from an oblique direction.
- the Rth1 value is smaller than 0 nm or larger than 300 nm, a sufficient viewing angle improvement effect cannot be obtained, or unnecessary coloring may occur when viewed from an oblique direction.
- Examples of a method for forming a liquid crystal layer by spreading a liquid crystal composition on a COP film include a method of applying a solution of the liquid crystal composition on the COP film, drying the coating film, and distilling off the solvent.
- the solvent used for preparing the solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that can dissolve various compounds used in the liquid crystal composition and can be distilled off under appropriate conditions and has little influence on the COP film.
- ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, isophorone and cyclohexanone
- ether alcohols such as butoxyethyl alcohol, hexyloxyethyl alcohol, methoxy-2-propanol and benzyloxyethyl alcohol
- glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- Esters such as ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate and ⁇ -butyrolactone
- phenols such as phenol and chlorophenol, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-meth Amides such as Rupiroridon, chloroform, tetrachloroethane, halogenated such or a mixture of these systems, such as dichlorobenzene are preferably used.
- a surfactant such as butoxyethyl alcohol, hexyloxyethyl alcohol,
- the application method either a method of directly applying a liquid crystalline composition or a method of applying a solution, as long as the uniformity of the coating film is ensured, and a known method is adopted.
- a flexographic printing method, an offset printing method, a dispenser method, a gravure coating method, a micro gravure method, a bar coating method, a screen printing method, a lip coating method, a die coating method, and the like can be given. Of these, gravure coating, kiss coating, lip coating and die coating are preferred.
- corona treatment or plasma treatment may be performed as surface modification treatment before coating.
- the method of applying the liquid crystalline composition solution it is preferable to include a drying step for removing the solvent after the application.
- this drying process can employ
- a method such as a heater (furnace) or hot air blowing may be used.
- the coating film thickness is not generally determined because it is adjusted according to the liquid crystal composition to be used and the intended use of the liquid crystal layer to be obtained, but the film thickness after drying is 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 to 20 ⁇ m. More preferably, the thickness is 0.3 to 10 ⁇ m. If the film thickness is outside this range, the desired effect cannot be obtained, and the orientation becomes insufficient.
- the liquid crystal is aligned by the self-alignment ability inherent in the liquid crystalline composition by heating to a desired temperature within the liquid crystal phase expression temperature range of the used liquid crystalline composition.
- the conditions for the heat treatment cannot be generally specified because the optimum conditions and limit values differ depending on the liquid crystal phase behavior temperature (transition temperature) of the liquid crystal composition to be used, but are usually in the range of 10 to 200 ° C., preferably 30 to 150 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is usually in the range of 3 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably 10 seconds to 10 minutes. If the heat treatment time is shorter than 3 seconds, the liquid crystal alignment may not be completed sufficiently, and if the heat treatment time exceeds 30 minutes, the productivity is deteriorated.
- the light irradiation method includes a metal halide lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp having a spectrum in the absorption wavelength region of the reaction initiator used.
- the reaction initiator is activated by irradiating light from a light source such as a xenon lamp, an arc lamp, or a laser.
- the integrated dose is usually 10 to 2000 mJ / cm 2 , preferably 50 to 1000 mJ / cm 2 .
- the temperature at the time of light irradiation is preferably a temperature range in which the liquid crystalline composition takes liquid crystal alignment. In order to sufficiently increase the reaction effect, light irradiation is performed at a liquid crystal phase temperature equal to or higher than Tg of the liquid crystalline composition. Is preferred.
- a liquid crystal layer having a fixed orientation is formed on the COP film.
- the liquid crystal material layer on the COP film may be provided with a surface protective layer in order to protect the surface, and examples thereof include a protective film made of a coating type adhesive or a polymer film.
- the refractive index in the direction indicating the maximum refractive index direction in the liquid crystal layer surface is Nx
- the refractive index in the direction perpendicular thereto is Ny
- the refractive index in the thickness direction is Nz
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is d (nm).
- the retardation value in the vertical direction (Rth ⁇ (Nx + Ny) / 2 ⁇ Nz ⁇ ⁇ d [nm]) is ⁇ 500 nm to ⁇ 30 nm.
- Re and Rth are values based on light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the liquid crystal film of the present invention can usually be used as an optical element combined with a polarizing plate as a laminate. Moreover, you may laminate
- the laminate is usually formed using an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive so as not to cause displacement or distortion in the polarizing plate or each film.
- the polarizing plate usually has a translucent protective film on both sides or one side of the polarizing element.
- the polarizing element is not particularly limited, and various types can be used. Examples of polarizing elements include hydrophilic polymer films such as polyvinyl alcohol films, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol films, and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified films, and two colors such as iodine and dichroic dyes. And polyene-based oriented films such as those obtained by adsorbing a functional substance and uniaxially stretched, and polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorinated products.
- the thickness of the polarizing element is not particularly limited, but is generally about 5 to 80 ⁇ m.
- a widely used polarizing film using iodine is manufactured by a continuous longitudinal uniaxial stretching process, and therefore has an absorption axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roll. Therefore, in a general long uniaxially stretched long polarizing film and a long first optical anisotropic layer, the absorption axis of the polarizing film and the slow axis of the first optical anisotropic layer are orthogonal to each other. Thus, when laminating by roll-to-roll, it is preferable to use a horizontal stretching machine so that the slow axis is orthogonal to the transport direction.
- a polarizing element in which a polyvinyl alcohol film is dyed with iodine and uniaxially stretched can be produced, for example, by dyeing polyvinyl alcohol in an iodine aqueous solution and stretching it 3 to 7 times the original length. If necessary, it can be immersed in an aqueous solution of boric acid or potassium iodide. Further, if necessary, the polyvinyl alcohol film may be immersed in water and washed before dyeing. In addition to washing the polyvinyl alcohol film surface with dirt and anti-blocking agents by washing the polyvinyl alcohol film with water, it also has the effect of preventing unevenness such as uneven coloring by swelling the polyvinyl alcohol film. is there.
- Stretching may be performed after dyeing with iodine, or may be performed while dyeing, or may be performed with iodine after stretching.
- the film can be stretched in an aqueous solution of boric acid or potassium iodide or in a water bath.
- an optically isotropic substrate is preferable.
- a triacetyl cellulose film such as Fujitac (product of Fujifilm) or Konicatak (product of Konica), Arton film (product of JSR) or ZEONOR Films
- COP films such as ZEONEX film (product of ZEON Corporation), TPX film (product of Mitsui Chemicals), acrylprene film (product of Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.), heat resistance when used as a film for optical elements
- a triacetyl cellulose film and a COP film are preferable.
- the thickness of the translucent protective film is generally 150 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m. In particular, the thickness is preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the various retardation films include those formed from polymer films, liquid crystalline compounds and compositions.
- the polymer film is formed from a polymer capable of developing birefringence.
- the birefringent polymer film those having excellent controllability of birefringence characteristics, transparency and heat resistance, and those having low photoelasticity are preferable.
- the polymer material to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer that can achieve uniform uniaxial orientation or biaxial orientation, but conventionally known materials that can be formed by a solution casting method or an extrusion molding method.
- cycloolefin polymer polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyetherimide, polyether ketone, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polystyrene, polyacetal, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, cellulose acylate, or , Or a polymer obtained by mixing two or more of these polymers.
- the thickness of these films is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 20 to 80 ⁇ m. If the thickness is too thick, the resulting laminate is too thick to satisfy the demand for thinning, and if it is too thin, the mechanical strength of the film cannot be maintained, which may cause problems such as tearing during production.
- a film in which the orientation of the liquid crystalline compound or composition is fixed is, for example, a thermotropic liquid crystalline compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity in a certain temperature range or a lyotropic liquid crystalline compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity in a specific concentration range of a certain solution.
- thermotropic liquid crystalline compounds are often used by mixing a plurality of liquid crystalline compounds in order to exhibit liquid crystallinity over a wide temperature range.
- the liquid crystalline compound may be a low molecular weight, a high molecular weight or a mixture thereof.
- liquid crystal phase of the liquid crystalline compound or composition before immobilization examples include a nematic phase, a twisted nematic phase, a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, and a discotic nematic phase.
- alignment form examples include homogeneous alignment that is horizontally aligned on the alignment substrate, homeotropic alignment that is aligned vertically, and tilt alignment and hybrid alignment that are considered to be an intermediate state between the two.
- liquid crystalline compounds and compositions may be compounds that are polymerized or crosslinked by ultraviolet rays or heat in order to fix the alignment state.
- Such liquid crystalline compounds include compounds having polymerizable groups such as (meth) acryloyl groups, epoxy groups, vinyl groups, oxetanyl groups, or reactive groups such as amino groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and isocyanate groups.
- a compound having a functional group is preferable, and examples thereof include compounds described in WO97 / 44703 and WO98 / 00475.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer varies depending on the desired front phase difference and thickness direction retardation value, and also varies depending on the birefringence of the aligned liquid crystal compound, but is preferably 0.05 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably Is about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. If the film thickness is outside this range, the desired effect cannot be obtained, and the orientation becomes insufficient.
- the in-plane retardation value (Re2) represented by (nx2-ny2) ⁇ d2 [nm] is 20 to 1000 nm, more preferably 50 to 700 nm, and still more preferably about 70 to 300 nm.
- the retardation value (Rth2) in the thickness direction represented by ⁇ nz2- (nx2 + ny2) / 2 ⁇ ⁇ d2 [nm] is an absolute value of 0 to 700 nm, more preferably 5 to 400 nm, and still more preferably 10 to About 300 nm is preferable. Note that Re2 and Rth2 do not need to satisfy the above conditions simultaneously. Re2 and Rth2 are values measured with monochromatic light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive when used, can be composed of an optically transparent material or a light diffusing material.
- Adhesives also called pressure sensitive adhesives, are adhered to the surface of other substances simply by pressing them, and when they are peeled off from the adherend surface, they can be removed with almost no trace as long as the adherend has strength. It is a viscoelastic body.
- acrylic, vinyl chloride, synthetic rubber, natural rubber, silicone, etc. can be used. From these, transparent and optically isotropic What is necessary is just to select and use.
- These pressure-sensitive adhesives may be reactive such as a photo-curing type. Of these, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives are preferred from the viewpoints of handling properties and transparency.
- the curing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include heat curing, redox room temperature curing, anaerobic curing, and active ray curing such as ultraviolet rays and electron beams.
- a preferable curing method is a curing method using active rays such as ultraviolet rays and electron beams.
- a curing method using actinic radiation is preferable because it has a fast reaction and has little influence on the liquid crystal material layer in which the alignment is fixed.
- a light source such as a metal halide lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp, ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, low-pressure mercury lamp, xenon lamp, arc lamp, laser, synchrotron radiation light source is applied to the adhesive layer to which the photopolymerization initiator is added.
- Irradiation can be performed.
- the irradiation dose is usually 10 ⁇ 2000mJ / cm 2 integrated irradiation amount is preferably in the range of 50 ⁇ 1000mJ / cm 2.
- this is not the case when the absorption region of the photopolymerization initiator and the spectrum of the light source are significantly different, or when the compound to be reacted itself has the ability to absorb the light source wavelength.
- an appropriate photosensitizer, or a method of using a mixture of two or more photopolymerization initiators having different absorption wavelengths can be used.
- the acceleration voltage in the case of curing with an electron beam is usually 10 kV to 200 kV, preferably 20 kV to 100 kV.
- the light diffusable pressure-sensitive adhesive is obtained by dispersing fine particles in the pressure-sensitive adhesive as described above to express light diffusibility.
- fine particles blended to express light diffusibility silicon dioxide called titanium, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcined calcium silicate, hydrated calcium silicate, Examples thereof include aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate and calcium phosphate, and polymer fine particles such as polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene.
- the haze of the light diffusing pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and particularly preferably 60% or more.
- the haze is a value defined in JIS K 7105, and is represented by (diffuse transmittance / total light transmittance) ⁇ 100 (%).
- the thickness of each adhesive is 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m. If the thickness is too thin, the adhesive force tends to be insufficient and adhesion becomes difficult, and if it is too thick, it may ooze from the end portion and cause a defective product appearance.
- the liquid crystal film or optical element of the present invention has various display modes depending on the in-plane retardation value, retardation value in the thickness direction, etc. of the liquid crystal layer or COP film constituting the liquid crystal film or optical element. It can be used for liquid crystal cells and liquid crystal display devices. For example, TN (Twisted Nematic), IPS (In-Plane Switching), OCB (Optically Compensatory Bend), ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) STN (Supper Twisted Nematic), VA (Vertically Aligned), and HAN (Hybrid Aligned) Various display modes can be listed.
- Example 1 A side chain type liquid crystalline polymer represented by the following formula (10) was synthesized by radical polymerization.
- the molecular weight measured by GPC was in terms of polystyrene, and the weight average molecular weight was 9,700.
- the description in Formula (10) represents the component ratio of each unit, and does not mean a block polymer.
- the film When the obtained liquid crystal film is observed under a polarizing microscope with crossed Nicols, the film is tilted and light is incident obliquely with uniform monodomain orientation without disclination. Light transmission was observed. Moreover, the optical phase difference of the film was measured by an automatic birefringence measuring apparatus KOBRA21ADH. Measuring light is incident on the sample surface perpendicularly or obliquely, the phase difference in the perpendicular direction (in-plane retardation) is almost zero with respect to the sample surface, and the phase difference is obliquely in the slow axis direction of the liquid crystal layer. As a result of measurement, the phase difference value increased with an increase in the incident angle of the measurement light, so that it was confirmed that the homeotropic alignment was good. From this measurement, the retardation of the liquid crystal layer alone was estimated to be 0 nm for Re and ⁇ 23 nm for Rth.
- the liquid crystal film as a laminated form of the liquid crystal layer / COP film was cut into a rectangular size of 3 cm ⁇ 4 cm, and an adhesive having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m on the liquid crystal layer surface
- the separator film on which the layers were formed was bonded, and the separator film was peeled off, and then attached to a glass plate (2 mm thick) to obtain a glass / adhesive layer / liquid crystal layer / COP film sample.
- the glass / adhesive layer / COP film was also created as a blank sample.
- an ultraviolet curable acrylic adhesive UV-3400 (product of Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is 5 ⁇ m thick on the liquid crystal layer / COP film liquid crystal layer surface. And laminated with a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, and cured by irradiating 600 mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet light from the TAC film side to have a layer structure of TAC / UV-3400 / liquid crystal layer / COP A sample for evaluating adhesion was obtained. When the interlayer adhesion between the COP film and the liquid crystal layer was measured by a strograph, the average of N number 3 was 190 N / m.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- a liquid crystal film in a laminated form of a liquid crystal layer / COP film is bonded to a separator film having a 25 ⁇ m thick adhesive layer on the COP side, the separator film is peeled off, and then a polarizing plate (thickness: about 180 ⁇ m; Sumitomo) Chemical Co., Ltd. “SRW062AP7”) was laminated to obtain an optical element in which the polarizing plate / adhesive layer / COP / liquid crystal layer were integrated.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m is formed on the liquid crystal layer surface of the optical element, and a sample for evaluation of glass / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / liquid crystal layer / COP / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / polarizing plate is attached to a glass plate (2 mm thick).
- a sample for evaluation of glass / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / liquid crystal layer / COP / pressure-sensitive adhesive layer / polarizing plate is attached to a glass plate (2 mm thick).
- Example 2 A side chain liquid crystalline polymer represented by the following formula (13) was synthesized by radical polymerization. The molecular weight measured by GPC was in terms of polystyrene, and the weight average molecular weight was 9,700. 0.1 g of the acrylic compound represented by the formula (14) and 0.90 g of the side chain type liquid crystalline polymer represented by the formula (13) are dissolved in 9 ml of cyclohexanone, and the liquid crystal is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. A solution of the composition was prepared.
- the homeotropic alignment retention ability of the liquid crystal film under high temperature conditions is that the variation rate of Rth after subtracting the variation of the blank sample is 0.5%, which is acceptable, and the homeotropic alignment retention ability is excellent over a long period of time even under high temperature conditions. confirmed.
- the interlayer adhesion between the COP film and the liquid crystal layer was 255 N / m on average with an N number of 3. Evaluation as an optical element was a pass with no cohesive failure in the liquid crystal layer in the N number 2 test. Therefore, it was confirmed that the homeotropic alignment maintaining ability and the adhesion between the COP / liquid crystal layers were sufficiently high as an optical element.
- Example 3 0.08 g of the acrylic compound represented by the formula (11), 0.80 g of the side chain type liquid crystalline polymer represented by the formula (13), and 0.12 g of the dioxetane compound represented by the formula (12)
- the variation rate of Rth after subtracting the fluctuation of the blank sample under high temperature conditions is 0.6%, which is acceptable and is excellent in homeotropic alignment holding ability over a long period of time even under high temperature conditions.
- the interlayer adhesion between the COP film and the liquid crystal layer was 144 N / m on average for N number 3. Evaluation as an optical element was a pass with no cohesive failure in the liquid crystal layer in the N number 2 test. Therefore, it was confirmed that the homeotropic alignment maintaining ability and the adhesion between the COP / liquid crystal layers were sufficiently high as an optical element.
- the homeotropic alignment retention ability of the liquid crystal film at high temperature is 1.3%, which is a failure rate of Rth after subtracting the variation of the blank sample, and the long-term homeotropic alignment retention ability is insufficient under high temperature conditions. there were.
- the average of N number 3 was 32 N / m. Evaluation as an optical element was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, in the N number 2 test, partial cohesive failure in the liquid crystal layer and peeling between the COP / liquid crystal layers occurred, which was not acceptable. That is, it has been found that the homeotropic alignment holding ability and the adhesion between the COP / liquid crystal layers are insufficient as an optical element.
- the liquid crystal film of the present invention is excellent in the ability to maintain the orientation of the liquid crystal layer and the interlayer adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the COP film, and the laminate (optical element) combined with the polarizing plate and other retardation films is excellent in high temperature resistance. This is useful for improving the display image quality of various liquid crystal display devices.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献3では、側鎖型液晶ポリマーのホメオトロピック配向を、垂直配向膜を用いることなく基板上に固定化しているが、液晶フィルムのガラス転移点(Tg)が低く、高温下でホメオトロピック配向を保持するには十分ではない課題があった。特許文献4ではこの課題を解決するため、側鎖型高分子液晶に重合性の低分子液晶を加えているが、低分子液晶は単独で重合するため、やはりホメオトロピック配向保持能の補強には限界があった。
(a)0nm≦Re≦50nm
(b)-500nm≦Rth≦-30nm
(ここで、Reはホメオトロピック配向液晶層の面内のリターデーション値を意味し、Rthはホメオトロピック配向液晶層の厚さ方向のリターデーション値を意味する。前記Re及びRthは、それぞれRe=(Nx-Ny)×d[nm]、Rth={(Nx+Ny)/2-Nz}×d[nm]である。また、dはホメオトロピック配向液晶層の厚さ、Nx,Nyはホメオトロピック配向液晶層面内の主屈折率、Nzは厚さ方向の主屈折率であり、Nz>Nx≧Nyである。)
本発明において、COPフィルム上に直接ホメオトロピック配向を固定化した液晶フィルムを得るに当たっては、使用する液晶性組成物を構成する材料の選択が重要である。
本発明に使用される液晶性組成物は、オキセタン基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物と液晶性化合物とからなる液晶性を示す組成物である。なお、本発明においては、「メタクリル」と「アクリル」とを総称して「(メタ)アクリル」と表記する。
オキセタン基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物としては、下記一般式(1)、(2)または(3)で表される化合物が好ましい。
これらの式(1)~(3)に該当する化合物は種々挙げることができるが、下記化合物を好ましい例として挙げることができる。
例えば、ウィリアムソンのエーテル合成や、縮合剤を用いたエステル合成などの手段でオキセタン基を持つ部位と(メタ)アクリル基を持つ部位をつなげることで、オキセタン基と(メタ)アクリル基との全く異なる2つの反応性基を持つオキセタン基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物を合成することができる。
合成にあたっては、オキセタン基がカチオン重合性を有するため、強い酸性条件下では、重合や開環などの副反応を起こすことを考慮して反応条件を選ぶ必要がある。
主鎖型液晶性ポリマーとしてはポリエステル、ポリエステルアミド、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリカーボネート等を挙げることができる。また、側鎖型液晶性ポリマーとしてポリ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリマロネート、ポリエーテル、ポリシロキサン等を挙げることができる。これらの中でも側鎖型液晶性ポリマーが好ましく、特に式(4)で表される側鎖型液晶性ポリマーが好ましい。
a:好ましくは0~0.80、より好ましくは0.05~0.50
b:好ましくは0~0.90、より好ましくは0.10~0.70
c:好ましくは0~0.50、より好ましくは0.10~0.30
d:好ましくは0~0.50、より好ましくは0.10~0.30
e:好ましくは0~0.50、より好ましくは0.10~0.30
f:好ましくは0~0.30、より好ましくは0.01~0.10
-P1-L4-P2-L4-P1- (6)
-P1-L4-P1- (7)
式(5)で表される化合物は、L3、X1およびM1の組み合わせから多くの化合物が例示されるが、好ましくは下記の化合物を挙げることができる。
この範囲外では、ホメオトロピック配向保持能とCOPフィルムと液晶層の層間密着力が優れた液晶フィルムを得ることが出来ない。
COPフィルムとは、COPを主成分としてなるフィルムであり、位相差機能を有するフィルムが好ましい。COPとは、ノルボルネン、テトラシクロドデセンや、それらの誘導体等の環状オレフィンから得られる樹脂の一般的な総称である。具体的には環状オレフィンの開環重合体、環状オレフィンの付加重合体、環状オレフィンとエチレン、プロピレン等のα-オレフィンとのランダム共重合体、又これらを不飽和カルボン酸やその誘導体等で変性したグラフト変性体等が例示できる。また、これらの水素化物も挙げられる。商品としては、日本ゼオン(株)製のゼオネックス、ゼオノア、JSR(株)製のアートン、積水化学(株)製のエスシーナ、Topas Advanced Polymers GmbH製のTopas、三井化学(株)製のアペル等が挙げられる。これらのCOPフィルムは一軸延伸フィルムであっても、二軸延伸フィルムであってもよい。一軸延伸は、2つ以上のロールの周速差を利用した縦一軸延伸、またはポリマーフィルムの両サイドを掴んで幅方向に延伸するテンター延伸が好ましい。ポリマーフィルムを縦方向および横方向に延伸することにより、二軸性の光学異方性を発現させてもよい。また、Z軸配向処理したもの等が挙げられる。
なお、二枚以上のポリマーフィルムを用いて、フィルム全体としての光学的性質が前記の条件を満足してもよい。
液晶性組成物をCOPフィルム上に展開して液晶層を形成する方法としては、液晶性組成物の溶液をCOPフィルム上に塗布後、塗膜を乾燥して溶媒を留去させる方法が挙げられる。溶液の調製に用いる溶媒に関しては、液晶性組成物に使用される各種化合物を溶解でき適当な条件で留去できて、かつ、COPフィルムへの影響が少ない溶媒であれば特に制限はなく、一般的にアセトン、メチルエチルケトン、イソホロン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン類、ブトキシエチルアルコール、ヘキシルオキシエチルアルコール、メトキシ-2-プロパノール、ベンジルオキシエチルアルコールなどのエーテルアルコール類、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルなどのグリコールエーテル類、酢酸エチル、乳酸エチル、γ-ブチロラクトンなどのエステル類、フェノール、クロロフェノールなどのフェノール類、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドンなどのアミド類、クロロホルム、テトラクロロエタン、ジクロロベンゼンなどのハロゲン系などやこれらの混合系が好ましく用いられる。また、COPフィルム上に均一な塗膜を形成するために、界面活性剤、消泡剤、レベリング剤などを溶液に添加してもよい。
また、COPフィルム上に均一な塗膜を形成するために、塗布する前に表面改質処理として、コロナ処理やプラズマ処理を行ってもよい。
ルム、アートンフィルム(JSR社製品)やゼオノアフィルム、ゼオネックスフィルム(日本ゼオン社製品)などのCOPフィルム、TPXフィルム(三井化学社製品)、アクリプレンフィルム(三菱レーヨン社製品)が挙げられるが、光学素子用フィルムとした場合の耐熱性や耐湿性などからトリアセチルセルロースフィルムやCOPフィルムが好ましい。透光性保護フィルムの厚さは、一般には150μm以下であり、1~100μmが好ましい。特に5~50μmとするのが好ましい。
ポリマーフィルムは、複屈折性を発現し得るポリマーから形成される。複屈折性ポリマーフイルムとしては、複屈折特性の制御性、透明性、耐熱性に優れるものや、光弾性が小さいものが好ましい。この場合、用いる高分子材料としては均一な一軸配向もしくは二軸配向が達成できる高分子であれば特に制限はないが、従来公知のもので溶液流延法や押出成形方式で製膜できるものが好ましく、シクロオレフィンポリマー、ポリカーボネート、ポリアリレート、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリスチレン、ポリアセタール、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリメチルメタクリレート、セルロースアシレート、または、これらポリマーの2種又は3種以上を混合したポリマーなどが挙げられる。
また、これらフィルムの厚みとしては、望ましくは10~100μm、特に望ましくは20~80μmがよい。厚みが厚すぎると得られる積層体が厚くなり薄膜化の要求に対して好ましくなく、薄すぎるとフィルムの機械強度が保てなくなるため、製造中に引き裂かれるなどのトラブルが生じる恐れがある。
固定化前の液晶性の化合物や組成物の液晶相としては、ネマチック相、ねじれネマチック相、コレステリック相、スメクチック相、ディスコティックネマチック相等が挙げられる。また、配向形態としては、配向基板に水平に配向するホモジニアス配向や垂直に配向するホメオトロピック配向、両者の中間状態と考えられるチルト配向やハイブリッド配向が例示される。
液晶層の厚さとしては、所望とする正面位相差と厚さ方向の位相差値によって異なり、さらに配向した液晶性の化合物の複屈折によっても異なるが、好ましくは0.05~20μm、より好ましくは0.1~10μm程度である。膜厚がこの範囲外では、目的とする効果が得られない、配向が不十分になる、などして好ましくない。
また、{nz2-(nx2+ny2)/2}×d2[nm]で表される厚さ方向のリターデーション値(Rth2)は絶対値で0~700nm、より好ましくは5~400nm、さらに好ましくは10~300nm程度がよい。なお、Re2とRth2とは上記条件を同時に満たす必要はない。なお、Re2およびRth2は波長550nmの単色光で測定した値である。
硬化方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、加熱硬化、レドックス系常温硬化、嫌気硬化、紫外線や電子線などの活性線硬化などが例示される。好ましい硬化方法は、紫外線、電子線などの活性線による硬化法である。特に活性線による硬化方法は、反応が速く配向を固定化された液晶物質層への影響が少なく好ましい。硬化は、前述の光重合開始剤が添加された接着剤層へ、メタルハライドランプ、高圧水銀灯、超高圧水銀灯、低圧水銀灯、キセノンランプ、アークランプ、レーザー、シンクロトロン放射光源などの光源からの光を照射して行うことができる。照射量としては、積算照射量として通常10~2000mJ/cm2、好ましくは50~1000mJ/cm2の範囲である。ただし、光重合開始剤の吸収領域と光源のスペクトルが著しく異なる場合や、あるいは反応すべき化合物自身に光源波長の吸収能がある場合などはこの限りではない。これらの場合には、適当な光増感剤や、あるいは吸収波長の異なる2種以上の光重合開始剤を混合して用いるなどの方法を採ることも出来る。電子線による硬化の場合の加速電圧は、通常10kV~200kV、好ましくは20kV~100kVである。
また、粘着剤の厚みは、いずれもそれぞれ0.5~50μm、望ましくは1~30μm、さらに望ましくは3~20μmである。厚みがこれ以上薄すぎると、粘着力が不足しやすく粘着が困難となり、また厚すぎると端部から滲みでて製品外観の不良を起こしたりして好ましくない。
(1)分子量の測定
液晶性ポリマーの数平均分子量(Mn)および重量平均分子量(Mw)は、ポリマーをテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、東ソー社製8020GPCシステムで、TSK-GEL SuperH1000、SuperH2000、SuperH3000、SuperH4000を直列につなぎ、溶出液としてテトラヒドロフランを用い、紫外線検出器(波長254nm)で測定した。分子量の較正にはポリスチレンスタンダードを用いた。
(2)顕微鏡観察
オリンパス光学社製BH2偏光顕微鏡で液晶の配向状態を観察した。
(3)液晶フィルムのパラメータ測定
王子計測機器(株)製自動複屈折計KOBRA21 ADHを用い、波長550nm光を用いた。
(4)層間密着力の測定
密着力評価用サンプルから、長さ150mm、幅30mmの短冊状試料を切り出し、東洋精機(株)製ストログラフE-Lにより180°剥離強度を測定(温度23℃、剥離速度300mm/min)した。
ラジカル重合により、下記式(10)で表わされる側鎖型液晶性ポリマーを合成した。GPCによる測定した分子量はポリスチレン換算で、重量平均分子量は9,700であった。なお、式(10)における表記は各ユニットの構成比を表すものであって、ブロック重合体を意味するものではない。
式(11)で表されるアクリル化合物を0.15g、式(10)で表わされる側鎖型液晶性ポリマーを0.77gと、式(12)で表されるジオキセタン化合物の0.08gを、9mlのシクロヘキサノンに溶かし、暗所でトリアリルスルフォニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモネート50%プロピレンカーボネート溶液(アルドリッチ社製、試薬)0.1gを加えた後、孔径0.45μmのポリテトラフルオロエチレン製フィルターでろ過して液晶性組成物の溶液を調製した。
この溶液をCOPフィルムのアートン(JSR(株)製、Re1=100nm,膜厚28μm)上にスピンコート法で塗布し、次いで60℃のホットプレートで10分乾燥し、90℃のオーブンで2分間熱処理し、液晶層を配向させた。次いで、60℃に加熱したアルミ板に試料を密着させて置き、その上から、高圧水銀灯ランプにより600mJ/cm2の紫外光(ただし365nmで測定した光量)を照射して、液晶層を硬化させて液晶フィルム(液晶層/COPフィルム)を得た。
偏光板のラミネートでは、偏光板と液晶フィルムとの角度関係が光学素子としての機能に大きく影響を及ぼすため、製造工程で貼り位置のずれが生じた場合にやり直すことがある。このケースを想定して、光学素子の積層体から偏光板を引き剥がして、ラミネートのやり直しが可能かどうかの判定を行った。この時引き剥がしたときの衝撃で、液晶層の凝集破壊が発生したり、液晶層/COPフィルム間で剥離した場合には偏光板のラミネートのやり直しが不可能で、積層偏光板の製造上好ましくないので不合格とした。液晶層の凝集破壊や液晶層/COPフィルム間の剥離が発生せずに、粘着剤層との界面で剥離した場合は、偏光板のラミネートのやり直しが可能であるため合格とした。その結果、N数2の試験で液晶層の凝集破壊が発生せず合格であった。よって光学素子としてもホメオトロピック配向保持能やCOP/液晶層間の密着力が十分に高いことを確認した。
ラジカル重合により、下記式(13)で表される側鎖型液晶性ポリマーを合成した。GPCによる測定した分子量はポリスチレン換算で、重量平均分子量は9,700であった。
式(14)で表されるアクリル化合物を0.1g、式(13)で表される側鎖型液晶性ポリマーの0.90gを、9mlのシクロヘキサノンに溶かし、実施例1と同様の処方で液晶組成物の溶液を調整した。この溶液をCOPフィルムのエスシーナ(積水化学(株)製、Re1=100nm,膜厚24μm)上に実施例1と同様に処理して(液晶層/COPフィルム)の積層形態の液晶フィルムを得た。
この液晶フィルムについて、実施例1と同様にクロスニコルさせた偏光顕微鏡下での観察、および自動複屈折測定装置KOBRA21ADHの測定を行ったところ、良好なホメオトロピック配向であることを確認した。また、液晶層単独でのリターデーションは、Reが0nm、Rthが-19nmと見積もられた。
さらに、実施例1と同様に高温状況下による液晶フィルムの高温下ホメオトロピック配向保持能と、COPフィルムと液晶層の層間密着力評価、および光学素子としての評価を行った。液晶フィルムの高温下のホメオトロピック配向保持能は、ブランクサンプルの変動を差し引いたRthの変動率は0.5%と合格で高温条件下でも長期にわたり、ホメオトロピック配向保持能が優れていることを確認した。COPフィルムと液晶層の層間密着力はN数3の平均は255N/mであった。
光学素子としての評価は、N数2の試験で液晶層における凝集破壊が発生せず合格であった。よって光学素子としてもホメオトロピック配向保持能やCOP/液晶層間の密着力が十分に高いことを確認した。
式(11)で表されるアクリル化合物を0.08g、式(13)で表される側鎖型液晶性ポリマーの0.80gと、式(12)で表されるジオキセタン化合物の0.12gを、9mlのシクロヘキサノンに溶かし、実施例1と同様の処方で液晶組成物の溶液を調整した。
この溶液をCOPフィルムのエスシーナ(積水化学(株)製、Re1=140nm,膜厚40μm)上に実施例1と同様に処理して(液晶層/COPフィルム)の積層形態の液晶フィルムを得た。
この液晶フィルムについて、実施例1と同様にクロスニコルさせた偏光顕微鏡下での観察、および自動複屈折測定装置KOBRA21ADHの測定を行ったところ、良好なホメオトロピック配向であることを確認した。また、液晶層単独でのリターデーションは、Reが0nm、Rthが-40nmと見積もられた。
さらに、実施例1と同様に高温状況下による液晶フィルムの高温下ホメオトロピック配向保持能と、COPフィルムと液晶層の層間密着力評価、および光学素子としての評価を行った。液晶フィルムのホメオトロピック配向保持能については、高温状況下でのブランクサンプルの変動を差し引いたRthの変動率は0.6%で合格で高温条件下でも長期にわたり、ホメオトロピック配向保持能が優れていることを確認した。COPフィルムと液晶層の層間密着力はN数3の平均は144N/mであった。
光学素子としての評価は、N数2の試験で液晶層における凝集破壊が発生せず合格であった。よって光学素子としてもホメオトロピック配向保持能やCOP/液晶層間の密着力が十分に高いことを確認した。
式(10)で表される側鎖型液晶性ポリマーの0.90gと、式(12)で表されるジオキセタン化合物の0.10gを9mlのシクロヘキサノンに溶かし、実施例1と同様の処方で液晶材料の溶液を調整した。この溶液をCOPフィルムのアートン(JSR(株)製、Re1=100nm,膜厚28μm)上に実施例1と同様に処理して(液晶層/COPフィルム)の積層形態の液晶フィルムを得た。
この液晶フィルムについて、実施例1と同様にクロスニコルさせた偏光顕微鏡下での観察、および自動複屈折測定装置KOBRA21ADHの測定を行ったところ、良好なホメオトロピック配向であることを確認した。また、液晶層単独でのリターデーションは、Reが0nm、Rthが-24nmと見積もられた。
さらに、実施例1と同様に高温状況下による液晶フィルムの高温下ホメオトロピック配向保持能と、COPフィルムと液晶層の層間密着力評価、および光学素子としての評価を行った。液晶フィルムの高温下のホメオトロピック配向保持能は、ブランクサンプルの変動を差し引いたRthの変動率は1.3%と不合格であり、高温条件下では長期のホメオトロピック配向保持能が不十分であった。COPフィルムと液晶層の層間密着力はN数3の平均は32N/mであった。
光学素子としての評価を実施例1と同様に行ったところ、N数2の試験で液晶層における部分的な凝集破壊と、COP/液晶層間での剥離が起こったため不合格であった。すなわち、光学素子としてホメオトロピック配向保持能やCOP/液晶層間の密着力が不十分であることが判明した。
Claims (5)
- 配向膜のないシクロオレフィンポリマーフィルム上に直接ホメオトロピック配向を固定化した液晶層を有する液晶フィルムであって、液晶層がオキセタン基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物を含有する液晶性組成物をホメオトロピック配向させた後、オキセタン基を重合せしめてホメオトロピック配向を固定化したことを特徴とする液晶フィルム。
- ホメオトロピック配向した液晶層が、以下の(a)および(b)の要件を具備することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶フィルム。
(a)0nm≦Re≦50nm
(b)-500nm≦Rth≦-30nm
(ここで、Reはホメオトロピック配向液晶層の面内のリターデーション値を意味し、Rthはホメオトロピック配向液晶層の厚さ方向のリターデーション値を意味する。前記Re及びRthは、それぞれRe=(Nx-Ny)×d[nm]、Rth={(Nx+Ny)/2-Nz}×d[nm]である。また、dはホメオトロピック配向液晶層の厚さ、Nx,Nyはホメオトロピック配向液晶層面内の主屈折率、Nzは厚さ方向の主屈折率であり、Nz>Nx≧Nyである。) - オキセタン基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物を含有する液晶性組成物が光カチオン発生剤および/または熱カチオン発生剤を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶フィルム。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶フィルムを用いて得られる光学素子。
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CN110431457B (zh) * | 2017-03-22 | 2022-02-22 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 光学薄膜、光学薄膜层叠体、偏振片及图像显示装置 |
JP6769921B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-10-14 | 日東電工株式会社 | 液晶配向フィルムの製造方法 |
KR102126051B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-23 | 2020-06-23 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 액정 위상차 필름, 이를 포함하는 발광표시장치용 편광판 및 이를 포함하는 발광표시장치 |
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JP2020181150A (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-11-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 積層体および垂直配向液晶硬化膜形成用組成物 |
JP7368103B2 (ja) | 2019-04-26 | 2023-10-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 積層体および垂直配向液晶硬化膜形成用組成物 |
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EP2466348A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
JP2011059663A (ja) | 2011-03-24 |
CN102576108A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
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US20120133882A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
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