WO2011017859A1 - 铁路货车顶盖装置及具有该顶盖装置的粮食漏斗车 - Google Patents

铁路货车顶盖装置及具有该顶盖装置的粮食漏斗车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011017859A1
WO2011017859A1 PCT/CN2009/074682 CN2009074682W WO2011017859A1 WO 2011017859 A1 WO2011017859 A1 WO 2011017859A1 CN 2009074682 W CN2009074682 W CN 2009074682W WO 2011017859 A1 WO2011017859 A1 WO 2011017859A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
port
chain
top cover
vehicle body
shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/074682
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘海鹏
于彦斌
郑和平
Original Assignee
齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司
大连齐车轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司, 大连齐车轨道交通装备有限责任公司 filed Critical 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Priority to AU2009324264A priority Critical patent/AU2009324264B2/en
Priority to BRPI0925022-0A priority patent/BRPI0925022B1/pt
Publication of WO2011017859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011017859A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D7/00—Hopper cars
    • B61D7/02—Hopper cars with discharge openings in the bottoms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D39/00—Wagon or like covers; Tarpaulins; Movable or foldable roofs
    • B61D39/001—Tiltable roofs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D7/00—Hopper cars
    • B61D7/14—Adaptations of hopper elements to railways
    • B61D7/16—Closure elements for discharge openings
    • B61D7/18—Closure elements for discharge openings pivoted

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a railway wagon technology, in particular to a railway wagon top cover device and a grain hopper car having the same. Background technique
  • the grain hopper car is designed to transport bulk grain.
  • the top of the compartment is provided with a loading port and the lower compartment is funnel shaped.
  • Matching with the loading and unloading facilities when loading, the grain is sent from the ground to the loading port of the roof.
  • the 4' food is automatically discharged by its own gravity.
  • the good food hopper car can effectively shorten the loading and unloading time, accelerate the vehicle turnover, improve the loading and unloading conditions, and reduce the transportation cost.
  • a top cover device is arranged at the loading port at the top of the vehicle body, and the top cover device can be opened and closed as needed to ensure that the food is transported without rain, snow and Erosion of dust and the like.
  • the above-mentioned top cover device can be implemented in various ways; for example, a top cover having no fixed joint with the vehicle body, the top cover is first removed when the grain is loaded, and the top cover is covered after the loading is completed. And tamping with the fixed node on the car body; for example, a top cover having a fixed node with the car body and the top cover can be rotated around the node, and the opening and closing is realized by rotating the top cover.
  • the first way because of the need for auxiliary equipment (such as cranes), and the operation is difficult, is basically not used now; the second way, because all facilities are set in the car without the need for auxiliary equipment, it is widely used. Due to the large length of the loading port, the top cover must be completely matched with it, that is, the loading port is completely covered in the length direction. Therefore, in order to ensure that one can separately open and close the top cover, the top cover can be independently operated. Segmented structure.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a schematic view of an existing segmented roof structure.
  • the weight of the entire top cover is split by segmentation.
  • the weight of each top cover can be used to operate the top cover separately.
  • the top cover can be rotated around the fulcrum fixed on the vehicle body.
  • lock each top cover with a lock iron to ensure that it is well sealed and the locking operation is simple. Single.
  • the operation time of all the top covers to complete the loading of a grain is long, and there is a problem affecting the transportation efficiency; at the same time, the operator needs to open and close the above-mentioned roof structure on the roof, and the improper operation will give The operator brings personal injury.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a railway truck roof cover device which is convenient for realizing opening and closing operations, so as to effectively solve the problems of low work efficiency and poor operation safety existing in the prior art.
  • the railway truck roof cover device is provided for use with a vehicle body loading port, and includes a transmission shaft, a top cover, a chain transmission mechanism and a driving component; wherein the transmission shaft is disposed along a length direction of the vehicle body,
  • the drive shaft is placed on the top of the vehicle body through at least two axle supports;
  • the top cover is fixedly coupled to the drive shaft, and can be rotated around the axis line by the drive shaft to facilitate opening and closing operations.
  • the chain transmission mechanism is disposed at one end of the vehicle body, and the output sprocket is coupled to the transmission shaft through the sprocket shaft and coaxially rotated;
  • the driving component is connected to the chain transmission mechanism for driving The chain drive mechanism operates.
  • the driving component is specifically a pneumatic cylinder
  • the cylinder rod end and the cylinder end of the pneumatic cylinder are respectively fixedly connected with the linear segment chain of the chain transmission mechanism and the vehicle body, and the pneumatic cylinder is extended or retracted.
  • the operation drives the output sprocket to rotate by a chain.
  • the manual chain transmission mechanism and the clutch member are further included; wherein the manual chain transmission mechanism is disposed at one end of the vehicle body, and the output sprocket is coupled to the transmission shaft through the sprocket shaft and coaxially rotated.
  • An input sprocket is disposed below the output sprocket for the operator to drive the input sprocket to rotate;
  • the clutch member is disposed between the output sprocket of the manual chain drive and the output sprocket of the chain drive , in order to achieve the switch between the two.
  • an output sprocket of the manual chain transmission mechanism, the clutch member and an output sprocket of the chain transmission mechanism are sequentially fitted on the sprocket shaft; and a key connection between the clutch member and the sprocket shaft And the clutch member is slidable between the two working positions along the axial direction of the sprocket shaft: in the first working position, the projection of one end of the clutch member and the end of the output sprocket end of the manual chain drive Pit fit, in this state, the manual chain drive mechanism drives the drive shaft Rotating; in the second working position, the protrusion of the other end of the clutch member is engaged with the recess of the output sprocket end of the chain drive mechanism, and in this state, the chain drive mechanism drives the drive shaft to rotate.
  • a chain tensioning mechanism comprising a tensioning lever and an elastic member; wherein: a pivot point of the tensioning lever is hinged to an end of the vehicle body; the elastic member is pre-compressed and the sheet The power end phase of the tightening lever; and the elastic deformation energy generated by the elastic member, the resistance end of the tensioning lever abuts against the linear segment chain of the chain transmission mechanism.
  • the outer edge of the top cover has a downwardly folded edge; in the closed state, the hemming cover is mounted on the outer side of the upper edge of the body loading port.
  • the power outputted by the output sprocket is output to the transmission shaft via a reducer; the transmission shaft is disposed in the axial direction at least two segments, and a universal joint connection is adopted between adjacent two segments.
  • the indicator card and the limiting block are further included; wherein the indicating plate is fixedly disposed on the top cover, and the indication mark on the indicating plate protrudes from an end of the vehicle body; the limiting block is fixedly set When the top cover is rotated to the open state around the transmission shaft, the top cover abuts against the upper surface of the limiting block.
  • the method further includes a three-position four-way direction control, wherein the first port is in communication with the rodless cavity of the pneumatic cylinder, the second port is in communication with the rod cavity of the pneumatic cylinder, and the third port and the pressure gas path are The communication and the fourth port are connected to the atmosphere; in the left working state, the first port is connected to the third port, and the second port is connected to the fourth port; in the right working state, the first port is connected to the fourth port, The second port is connected to the third port; in the neutral non-working state, the first port and the second port are connected to the fourth port.
  • the first port is in communication with the rodless cavity of the pneumatic cylinder
  • the second port is in communication with the rod cavity of the pneumatic cylinder
  • the third port and the pressure gas path are The communication and the fourth port are connected to the atmosphere; in the left working state, the first port is connected to the third port, and the second port is connected to the fourth port; in the right working state, the first port is connected to the fourth port, The second
  • the method further includes two shuttles, the three-position four-way direction is controlled to be two and disposed on two sides of the vehicle body end respectively; wherein the two shuttle-shaped air outlets are respectively free from the poles of the pneumatic cylinder
  • the cavity is connected to the rod cavity, and the two first inlets of the two shuttles are respectively connected with the first ports of the three-way four-way control width, and the two second inlets of the two shuttles are respectively and two The three-position four-way direction controls the wide second port to communicate.
  • the pressure gas path is connected to the train pipe, and the pressure gas path between the train pipe and the third port of the three-way four-way control width is sequentially provided with a cut-off gate, a filter wide, and a one-way Wide, storage cylinder and wide adjustment; two rod-shaped air outlets and a rodless cavity of the pneumatic cylinder A one-way throttle is provided on the passage between the rod chamber and the rod chamber.
  • the railway wagon provided by the invention has a car body and a top cover for use with the car body loading port, and the top cover adopts the railway wagon top cover device as described above.
  • the top cover of the present invention is fixedly coupled to the drive shaft, and the supply of the top cover opening and closing driving force is realized by the driving member and the chain transmission mechanism.
  • the railway wagon applying the cap device of the present invention drives the chain drive mechanism to operate and drives the drive shaft to rotate when the loading and unloading of the top cover is required, such as loading, so that the top cover is on the drive shaft.
  • the operator can conveniently open and close the top cover by operating the driving part at the end of the vehicle body or the ground, thereby effectively improving work efficiency and reducing the labor intensity of the operator;
  • the top cover is operated on the roof, thus greatly improving the operational safety.
  • the driving component is specifically a pneumatic cylinder, and the chain of the chain transmission mechanism linearly moves with the extension and retracting action of the pneumatic cylinder;
  • the active component of the chain drive mechanism is a chain.
  • the pressure gas source may be a vehicle train tube or a ground wind source, and the corresponding control is disposed at the end of the vehicle body side to effectively improve the operability of the present invention.
  • a manual chain transmission mechanism is added on the basis of the pneumatic chain transmission mechanism, and one of the drives is selected according to the actual working condition to realize the rotation of the transmission shaft.
  • the switching of the working state between the two is done by the clutch.
  • the design further improves the operability of the present invention.
  • the operator manually drives the manual chain transmission mechanism to provide the driving force; when designing, select the appropriate manual The average gear ratio of the chain drive enables reliable manual operation.
  • a chain tensioning mechanism which provides a tensioning force through the pre-compressed elastic member, thereby automatically adjusting the tension of the chain, thereby saving manual adjustment and maintenance.
  • the chain tensioning mechanism provides a reliable guarantee for the chain to be in a tensioned state in real time, effectively improving the transmission efficiency of the chain transmission mechanism.
  • the top cover device provided by the invention is suitable for a railway wagon with a loading port at the top of the vehicle body, for example, a gondola car, a hopper car, etc., and is particularly suitable for a 4' good food hopper car.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a prior art segmented roof structure
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show the overall structure of the 4' good food hopper car according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 2 is a front view
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view
  • FIG. 4 shows the overall structure of the 4' good food hopper car according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 2 is a front view
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view
  • FIG. 4 shows the overall structure of the 4' good food hopper car according to the embodiment;
  • FIG. 2 is a front view
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view, and FIG.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of a portion I of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line B - B of Figure 3;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of a portion II of Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship between the chain transmission mechanism and the manual chain transmission mechanism according to the embodiment
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic control system provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C - C of Figure 7;
  • FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are overall structural views of the clutch member in the embodiment; wherein, FIG. 11 is a front view, and FIG. 12 is a plan view;
  • Figure 13 is an enlarged view of the crotch portion of Figure 4.
  • Cover device 100 drive shaft 1, shaft support 11, nylon bush 111, universal joint 12, top cover 2, flange 21, chain drive mechanism 3, output sprocket 31, chain 32, pneumatic cylinder 4 , sprocket shaft 5, reducer 6, three-position four-way direction control width 7a, shuttle width 7b, cut-off plug door 7c, filter width 7d, one-way wide 7e, storage cylinder 7f, adjustment width 7g, one-way throttle 7h, train tube 7i, limit block 81, sign 82, manual chain drive mechanism 9, output sprocket 91, input sprocket 92, square hole 921, clutch member 10, axial key 101, projection 102, projection 103, the chain tensioning mechanism 20, the tensioning lever 201, the elastic member 202, the roller 203;
  • the vehicle body 200 The vehicle body 200, the loading port 210, the unloading bottom door 300, and the bogie 400. detailed description
  • FIG. 2 is a front view
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view
  • FIG. 4 is a side view in the direction of A in FIG.
  • the grain hopper car has a self-unloading function, which mainly transports granular grain goods.
  • the grain hopper car is mainly composed of the top cover device 100, the vehicle body 200, the unloading bottom door 300, the bogie 400, and the wind.
  • the brake device and the coupler buffer device are used.
  • the top cover device 100 is used for cooperation with the loading port 210 at the top of the vehicle body 200.
  • the top cover is opened to feed the grain from the loading port 210; the unloading bottom door 300 It is used in conjunction with the delivery port at the bottom of the vehicle body 200.
  • the 4' good food is automatically discharged through the unloading bottom door 300 at the bottom of the vehicle body 200.
  • the capping device 100 is mainly composed of a propeller shaft 1, a top cover 2, a chain transmission mechanism 3 and a driving member.
  • the drive shaft 1 is disposed along the length of the vehicle body 200, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the drive shaft
  • the drive shaft 1 is placed on the top of the vehicle body 200 through a plurality of axle supports 11.
  • the length of the drive shaft 1 reaches about ten meters, and the straightness cannot be effectively ensured during manufacture, which will result in a decrease in the rotational reliability of the top cover 2 and an increase in wear at the shaft support; therefore, the drive shaft 1 is segmented.
  • Design is the best solution. Please refer to FIG. 5 together, which is an enlarged view of Part I of FIG.
  • the drive shaft 1 is arranged in three stages in the axial direction, and the adjacent joint shafts are connected by a universal joint 12; thus, the length of each shaft is relatively small, which is easy to ensure the straightness requirement.
  • a universal joint is arranged between the adjacent two shafts, which can reliably realize the transmission of the variable angle power, thereby overcoming the problem that the assembly accuracy of the three-stage shaft affects the coaxiality thereof;
  • the coupling realizes a flexible connection, and even if there is an angle between the three in the axial direction, the uniform operation of the top cover can be ensured, the top cover switch is flexible and reliable, and the wear of the shaft support is reduced.
  • the outer edge of one side of the top cover 2 is fixedly coupled to the transmission shaft 1 and can be rotated about the axis of the shaft under the driving of the transmission shaft 1 to realize the opening and closing operation of the top cover 2; the outer periphery of the top cover 2 has Folding edge 21; Please refer to FIG. 6 together, which is a partial cross-sectional view of B-B of FIG. 3.
  • the flange 21 is covered on the outer side of the upper edge of the vehicle body loading port 210, and the two are combined. To the effect of the seal, the flange 21 also functions to prevent rainwater from being poured into the interior of the vehicle body.
  • the mating relationship between the drive shaft 1 and the axle support 11 can be achieved in a variety of ways. As shown in Figure 6, a nylon bushing 111 is provided in the axle support 11 that mates with the drive shaft 1.
  • the chain transmission mechanism 3 is disposed at the end of the vehicle body 200 side, and the output sprocket 31 is coupled to the transmission shaft 1 through the sprocket shaft 5 and coaxially rotated; please refer to FIG. 7 together, which is the II portion of FIG. Enlarged image.
  • the power outputted from the output sprocket 31 is output to the transmission shaft 1 via the speed reducer 6, and the input and output rotational speeds are matched, so as to increase the output torque while reducing the speed, and improve the smoothness of the opening and closing operation of the top cover.
  • the driving component is connected to the chain transmission mechanism to facilitate the operation of the drive chain transmission mechanism.
  • the driving component is specifically a pneumatic cylinder 4.
  • the cylinder rod end of the pneumatic cylinder 4 is fixedly connected with the linear segment chain 32 of the chain transmission mechanism 3.
  • the cylinder end of the pneumatic cylinder 4 is fixedly connected with the vehicle body, so that the pneumatic cylinder 4 is extended or retracted.
  • the output sprocket 31 is rotated by the chain, and at this time, the chain 32 is an active member of the chain transmission mechanism 3.
  • the action of the pneumatic cylinder 4 needs to be completed according to the actual needs with the corresponding pneumatic control system. Referring to Fig. 9, the schematic diagram of the pneumatic control system provided by the embodiment is shown.
  • control system includes two direction control widths 7a, two shuttles 7b, a cutoff door 7c, a filter width 7d, a unidirectional width 7e, a storage cylinder 7f, an adjustment width 7g, and two unidirectional directions.
  • Main components such as 7h wide and wide.
  • the two direction control widths 7a are both manual three-position four-way wide and are respectively arranged at the two side ends of the vehicle body, so that the operator can operate under the vehicle.
  • the first port of each three-position four-way wide 7a communicates with the rodless cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 4, the second port communicates with the rod cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 4, the third port communicates with the pressure gas path, and the fourth port communicates with the atmosphere.
  • the first port is connected with the third port, and the second port is connected with the fourth port; in the right working state, the first port is connected with the fourth port, and the second port is connected to the third port.
  • the neutral non-working state the first port and the second port are connected to the fourth port.
  • the air outlets of the two shuttles 7b are respectively connected with the rodless cavity and the rod cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 4, and the first air inlets of the two shuttle widths 7b respectively control the first port of the wide 7a with two three-way four-way directions.
  • the second air inlets of the two shuttle widths 7b are respectively connected to the second ports of the two three-position four-way direction control widths 7a.
  • the vehicle's train tube 7i is used as the pressure source.
  • the ground source can also be used as the pressure source.
  • the pressure gas path is connected to the train pipe 7i, and the pressure plug gas between the train pipe 7i and the third port of the three-way four-way control width 7a is sequentially provided with a cut-off plug door 7c, a filter width 7d, and a one-way width.
  • the one-way width 7e can ensure that the pressure gas in the train tube 7i is unidirectionally inflated to the storage cylinder 7f; the adjustment width 7g is used to adjust the air pressure to satisfy the use of the pneumatic cylinder 4 Need; cut off the plug door 7c to facilitate maintenance, maintenance of the pneumatic system Protection.
  • the two one-way throttles are 7h wide and are respectively disposed on the passage between the two outlets of the shuttle 7b and the rodless chamber and the rod chamber of the pneumatic cylinder 4 to improve the working stability of the pneumatic cylinder 4 operation.
  • the plugged door 7c is in the normally open state, and the pressure gas in the train pipe 7i passes through the filter 7d and the unidirectional wide 7e to enter the storage cylinder 7f for use.
  • the three-position four-way direction is controlled to be 7a to the left position, and the pressure gas is sequentially passed through the third port of the control width 7a and the first port, and the shuttle port 7b communicating with the rodless cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 4 enters the rodless Cavity, in this state, the pneumatic cylinder 4 extends and pushes the chain 32 to linearly displace, thereby driving the transmission shaft 1 to rotate forward through the sprocket shaft 5 until the top cover is opened.
  • the three-way four-way direction is controlled to be 7a to the right position, and the pressure gas is sequentially passed through the third port and the second port of the control width 7a, and the bobbin 7b connected to the rod chamber of the pneumatic cylinder 4 to enter the rod.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 4 retracts and pushes the linear displacement of the chain 32, thereby driving the transmission shaft 1 to rotate in the reverse direction through the sprocket shaft 5 until the top cover is closed.
  • the solution is provided with a limiting block 81 defining a top cover open position and a sign 82 for visually detecting the open state of the top cover.
  • the indicator card 82 is fixedly disposed on the top cover 2 by the connecting rod, and the indication mark on the indicator card 82 protrudes from the end of the vehicle body 200. It should be noted that the indicator card 82 can be displayed by shape or pattern.
  • the limiting block 81 is three and is fixedly arranged on the top of the vehicle body in the longitudinal direction. As shown in FIG. 4, when the top cover 2 is rotated 180 Q around the transmission shaft 1 to the open state, the top cover 2 just coincides with the limit position. The upper surface of the block 81 abuts, thereby ensuring that the top cover 2 is in the precise open position.
  • the present embodiment adds a manual chain transmission mechanism 9 and performs a transmission path switching by the clutch member 10. See Figure 4, Figure 7, and Figure 8 for details.
  • the manual chain transmission mechanism 9 is disposed at one end of the vehicle body, and the output sprocket 91 is coupled to the transmission shaft 1 through the sprocket shaft 5 and coaxially rotated, and the input sprocket 92 is disposed below the output sprocket 91 so as to The operator drives the input sprocket 92 to rotate.
  • the clutch member 10 is disposed between the output sprocket 91 of the manual chain drive mechanism 9 and the output sprocket 31 of the chain drive mechanism 3 to facilitate both Switch between. The switching of the working state between the two is done by the clutch. Obviously, the design further improves the operability of the present invention. When the pressure gas source cannot meet the working pressure requirement of the pneumatic cylinder, the operator manually drives the manual chain transmission mechanism to provide the driving force.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C - C of FIG. 7
  • FIG. 11 is a front view of the clutch member
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view of the clutch member.
  • the output sprocket 91 of the manual chain transmission mechanism 9, the clutch member 10 and the output sprocket 31 of the chain transmission mechanism 3 are sequentially fitted on the sprocket shaft 5;
  • the clutch member 10 has a sleeve-like structure as a whole, and has an axial key groove on the inner wall thereof. Both sides are provided with axial projections.
  • the axial keyway is coupled to the axial key 101 on the sprocket shaft 5 so that the clutch member 10 can slide between the two operating positions along the axial key 101: In the first operating position, the left end of the clutch member 10
  • the protrusion 102 cooperates with a recess (not shown) at the end of the output sprocket 91 of the manual chain transmission mechanism 9.
  • the manual chain transmission mechanism 9 drives the transmission shaft 1 to rotate; in the second working position, The projection 103 at the right end portion of the clutch member 10 is engaged with a recess (not shown) at the end of the output sprocket 31 of the chain transmission mechanism 3, and in this state, the chain transmission mechanism 3 drives the transmission shaft 1 to rotate.
  • the top cover can be operated using a manual device. The operator stands on the platform of the vehicle, inserts the "Z" type rocker into the square hole 921 at the end of the input sprocket 92, and shakes the handle to open and close the top cover of the vehicle.
  • the present embodiment adds a chain tensioning mechanism 20 to the sprocket mechanism 3 to automatically adjust the chain 32 to be tight.
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the crotch portion of FIG. 4 .
  • the chain tensioning mechanism 20 mainly comprises a tensioning lever 201 and an elastic member 202; wherein the fulcrum D of the tensioning lever 201 is hinged to the side of the vehicle body 200 side; the elastic member 202 is specifically a coil spring, which is pre-compressed and stretched The power end of the tightening lever 201 is abutted; and as shown in the elastic deformation diagram generated by the elastic member 202, the resistance end is abutted against the chain 32 by the roller 203 to ensure the operational reliability between the two; thereby automatically adjusting the chain Elastic, saving time for manual adjustment and maintenance;
  • the chain tensioning mechanism provides a reliable guarantee for the chain to be in a tensioned state in real time, and effectively improves the transmission efficiency of the chain transmission mechanism.
  • the cover device 100 can also realize the transmission of the driving force of the driving component to the transmission shaft 1 by using a worm wheel and a worm or a gear and a rack, etc., and is not limited to the chain transmission, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Description

铁路货车顶盖装置及具有该顶盖装置的粮食漏斗车 本申请要求于 2009 年 8 月 14 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200910162640.1、发明名称为"铁路货车顶盖装置及具有该顶盖装置的粮食 漏斗车 "的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及铁路货车技术， 具体涉及一种铁路货车顶盖装置及具有该 顶盖装置的粮食漏斗车。 背景技术
粮食漏斗车专用于运输散装粮食， 其车厢的顶部设置有装货口， 下部 车厢呈漏斗形。 与装卸货设施相匹配， 装货时从车辆的一侧将粮食从地面 送至车顶的装货口， 卸货时 4'良食依靠自身重力作用自动流出。 与传统的棚 车和敞车运输相比， 良食漏斗车可以有效缩短装卸作业时间， 加速车辆周 转， 改善装卸劳动条件， 降低运输成本。
此外， 为满足粮食产品的运输需要， 在车体顶部的装货口处设置有顶 盖装置， 该顶盖装置可根据需要进行启闭操作， 以便于保证粮食运输过程 中不被雨、 雪及灰尘等侵蚀。 从车辆设计的角度来说， 前述顶盖装置可以 采用多种方式实现； 比如， 采用与车体没有固定结点的顶盖， 装粮时把顶 盖先移除， 装完后盖上顶盖并用车体上固定的结点进行拴固； 再比如， 采 用与车体有固定结点的顶盖且顶盖可绕结点进行转动， 通过转动顶盖实现 开闭。 其中， 第一种方式， 由于需要辅助设备（如吊车等）， 且操作困难， 现在基本不采用； 第二种方式， 由于所有设施均设置在车上而不需要辅助 设备， 因此被广泛采用。 由于装货口长度尺寸较大， 顶盖必须完全与其匹 配， 即在长度方向完全覆盖装货口， 因此， 为保证一个人可以单独进行顶 盖的开启、 关闭操作， 顶盖采用可独立操作的分段式结构。
请参见图 1 , 该图示出了现有分段式顶盖结构的示意图。
如图 1所示， 整个顶盖的重量通过分段得到拆分， 每段顶盖的重量可 以满足一个人单独对顶盖进行操作；顶盖可绕车体上固结的支点进行转动， 装粮完毕后用锁铁将每个顶盖锁紧， 保证其密封良好， 锁紧的操作较为简 单。 但是， 操作全部顶盖完成一次装粮的辅助时间较长， 进而存在着影响 运输效率的问题； 同时， 操作者需要在车顶进行上述顶盖结构的开启、 闭 合操作需， 操作不当将会给操作人员带来人身伤害。
有鉴于此， 亟待针对与车体有固定结点的顶盖结构进行优化设计， 以 有效解决现有技术存在的工作效率低、 操作安全性差的问题。 发明内容
针对上述缺陷，本发明解决的技术问题在于，提供一种便于实现打开、 关闭操作的铁路货车顶盖装置， 以有效解决现有技术存在的工作效率低、 操作安全性差的问题。
本发明提供的铁路货车顶盖装置， 用于与车体装货口配合使用， 包括 传动轴、 顶盖、 链传动机构和驱动部件； 其中， 所述传动轴沿车体的长度 方向设置， 该传动轴通过至少两个轴支座置于车体顶部； 所述顶盖与所述 传动轴固定联接， 且可在该传动轴的带动下绕其轴心线转动， 以便于实现 开启、 关闭操作； 所述链传动机构设置在车体一侧的端部， 其输出链轮通 过链轮轴与所述传动轴相联并同轴转动； 所述驱动部件与所述链传动机构 相连， 以便于驱动所述链传动机构工作。
优选地， 所述驱动部件具体为气动缸且所述气动缸的缸杆端和缸筒端 分别与所述链传动机构的直线段链条和车体固定连接， 所述气动缸的伸出 或者收回操作通过链条驱动所述输出链轮转动。
优选地， 还包括手动链传动机构和离合器部件； 其中， 所述手动链传 动机构设置在车体一侧的端部， 其输出链轮通过所述链轮轴与传动轴相联 并同轴转动， 其输入链轮置于输出链轮的下方， 以便于操作者驱动输入链 轮转动； 所述离合器部件设置在所述手动链传动机构的输出链轮与所述链 传动机构的输出链轮之间， 以便于实现两者之间的切换。
优选地， 所述手动链传动机构的输出链轮、 所述离合器部件和所述链 传动机构的输出链轮依次套装在所述链轮轴上； 所述离合器部件与所述链 轮轴之间键连接， 且离合器部件可沿链轮轴的轴向在两个工作位置之间滑 动： 在第一工作位置， 所述离合器部件一侧端部的凸起与手动链传动机构 的输出链轮端部的凹坑配合， 此状态下， 所述手动链传动机构驱动传动轴 转动； 在第二工作位置， 所述离合器部件另一侧端部的凸起与链传动机构 的输出链轮端部的凹坑配合，此状态下，所述链传动机构驱动传动轴转动。
优选地， 所述手动链传动机构具体为两级链传动， 平均传动比 i = 10〜20。
优选地， 还包括链条张紧机构， 该机构包括张紧杠杆和弹性部件； 其 中， 所述张紧杠杆的支点铰接于车体一侧的端部； 所述弹性部件预压缩后 与所述张紧杠杆的动力端相 ·ί氏； 且在所述弹性部件产生的弹性变形能的作 用下， 所述张紧杠杆的阻力端与所述链传动机构的直线段链条相抵。
优选地， 所述顶盖的四周外缘具有向下折边； 关闭状态时， 所述折边 罩装于车体装货口上沿的外侧。
优选地， 所述输出链轮输出的动力经减速器输出至所述传动轴； 所述 传动轴沿轴向设置为至少两段， 且相邻两段之间采用万向联轴节连接。
优选地， 还包括指示牌和限位块； 其中， 所述指示牌固定设置在所述 顶盖上， 且指示牌上的指示标示伸出于车体的端部； 所述限位块固定设置 在车体顶上； 且所述顶盖绕所述传动轴转动至打开状态时， 所述顶盖与限 位块的上表面相抵。
优选地， 还包括三位四通方向控制阔， 其中， 第一口与所述气动缸的 无杆腔连通、 第二口与所述气动缸的有杆腔连通、 第三口与压力气路连通 和第四口与大气连通； 在左位工作状态， 其第一口与第三口连通、 第二口 与第四口连通； 在右位工作状态， 其第一口与第四口连通、 第二口与第三 口连通； 在中位非工作状态， 其第一口和第二口与第四口连通。
优选地， 还包括两个梭阔， 所述三位四通方向控制阔为两个且分别设 置在车体端的两侧； 其中， 两个梭阔的出气口分别与所述气动缸的无杆腔 和有杆腔连通， 两个梭阔的第一进气口分别与两个所述三位四通方向控制 阔的第一口连通， 两个梭阔的第二进气口分别与两个所述三位四通方向控 制阔的第二口连通。
优选地， 所述压力气路与列车管连通， 且， 在列车管至所述三位四通 方向控制阔的第三口之间的压力气路上依次设置有截断塞门、 过滤阔、 单 向阔、 储风缸和调整阔； 在两个所述梭阔的出气口与所述气动缸的无杆腔 和有杆腔之间的通路上分别设置有单向节流阔。
本发明提供的铁路货车， 具有车体及与车体装货口配合使用的顶盖， 所述顶盖采用如前所述的铁路货车顶盖装置。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的顶盖与传动轴固定连接， 并通过驱动部件 和链传动机构实现顶盖启、 闭驱动力的供给。 应用本发明所述顶盖装置的 铁路货车在进行装货等需要开启、 关闭顶盖的作业时， 通过操纵驱动部件 驱动链传动机构工作并带动传动轴转动， 这样， 顶盖在该传动轴的带动下 绕其轴心线转动实现开启、 关闭操作。 操作过程中， 操作者在车体端部或 者地面控制驱动部件工作即可方便地实现顶盖的启、 闭， 从而可有效提高 工作效率并降低操作者的劳动强度； 此外， 由于操作者无需在车顶上对顶 盖进行操作， 因而大大提高了操作安全性。
在本发明所述铁路货车顶盖装置的优选方案中， 所述驱动部件具体为 气动缸， 所述链传动机构的链条随着气动缸的伸出、 收回动作而进行直线 运动； 此方案中， 链传动机构的主动构件为链条。 实际应用时， 压力气源 可以选用车辆列车管或地面风源， 相应的控制阔设置在车体一侧的端部， 以有效提高本发明的可操作性。
在本发明所述铁路货车顶盖装置的另一优选方案中， 在气动链传动机 构的基础上增设有手动链传动机构， 根据实际工况选择其一驱动实现传动 轴的转动， 该方案中， 两者之间工作状态的切换通过离合器来完成。 显然， 如此设计更进一步地提高了本发明的可操作性， 当压力气源无法满足气动 缸的工作压力要求时， 操作者手动驱动手动链传动机构提供驱动力； 具体 设计时， 选择恰当的手动链传动机构的平均传动比就能够可靠地实现手动 操作。
本发明所述铁路货车顶盖装置的又一优选方案增设有链条张紧机构 , 该机构通过预压缩后的弹性部件提供张紧力， 从而可以自动的调节链条的 松紧， 节约了人工调整维护的时间； 此外， 链条张紧机构为链条实时处于 张紧状态提供了可靠地保证， 有效地提高了链传动机构的传动效率。
本发明提供的顶盖装置适用于车体顶部具有装货口的铁路货车 ,比如， 敞车、 漏斗车等， 特别适用于 4'良食漏斗车。 附图说明
图 1示出了现有分段式顶盖结构的示意图；
图 2、 图 3和图 4示出了实施方式所述 4'良食漏斗车的整体结构； 其中， 图 2是主视图， 图 3是俯视图， 图 4是图 2的 A向侧视图；
图 5是图 3的 I部放大图；
图 6是图 3的 B - B局部剖视图；
图 7是图 3的 II部放大图；
图 8 是实施方式所述链传动机构和手动链传动机构的位置关系示意 图；
图 9是实施方式提供的气动控制系统原理图；
图 10是图 7的 C - C剖面图；
图 11和图 12是实施方式中所述离合器部件的整体结构示意图；其中， 图 11是主视图， 图 12是俯视图；
图 13是图 4的 ΠΙ部放大图。
图 2—图 13中：
顶盖装置 100、 传动轴 1、 轴支座 11、 尼龙衬套 111、 万向联轴节 12、 顶盖 2、 折边 21、 链传动机构 3、 输出链轮 31、 链条 32、 气动缸 4、 链轮 轴 5、 减速器 6、 三位四通方向控制阔 7a、 梭阔 7b、 截断塞门 7c、 过滤阔 7d、 单向阔 7e、 储风缸 7f、 调整阔 7g、 单向节流阔 7h、 列车管 7i、 限位 块 81、 指示牌 82、 手动链传动机构 9、 输出链轮 91、 输入链轮 92、 方孔 921、 离合器部件 10、 轴向键 101、 凸起 102、 凸起 103、链条张紧机构 20、 张紧杠杆 201、 弹性部件 202、 滚轮 203 ;
车体 200、 装货口 210、 卸货底门 300、 转向架 400。 具体实施方式
不失一般性， 下面以粮食漏斗车为例进行具体说明。
请参见图 2、 图 3和图 4, 图中示出了本实施方式所述粮食漏斗车的整 体结构。 其中， 图 2是主视图， 图 3是俯视图， 图 4是图 2的 A向侧视图。
粮食漏斗车具有自卸功能， 主要运输颗粒状粮食货物。 如图所示， 粮 食漏斗车主要由顶盖装置 100、 车体 200、 卸货底门 300、 转向架 400、 风 制动装置和车钩緩冲装置等组成， 顶盖装置 100用于与车体 200顶部的装 货口 210配合使用， 装货时打开顶盖将粮食从装货口 210送入； 卸货底门 300用于与车体 200底部的出货口配合使用， 卸货时 4'良食经车体 200底部 的卸货底门 300自动流出。
需要说明的是， 本方案中的车体 200、 卸货底门 300、 转向架 400、 风 制动装置和车钩緩冲装置（图中未示出）等主要功能部件与现有技术相同， 本领域的普通技术人员基于现有技术完全可以实现， 故本文中不再详细描 述。 下面详细阐述本方案中顶盖装置 100及其工作原理， 顶盖装置 100主 要由传动轴 1、 顶盖 2、 链传动机构 3和驱动部件组成。
传动轴 1沿车体 200的长度方向设置， 如图 2和图 3所示， 该传动轴
1通过若干个轴支座 11置于车体 200的顶部。 实际上， 传动轴 1的长度达 到十米左右， 制造时无法有效保证其直线度， 这样将导致顶盖 2转动可靠 性降低、 轴支座处的磨耗加大； 因此， 传动轴 1采用分段式设计为最佳方 案。 请一并参见图 5 , 该图是图 3的 I部放大图。 传动轴 1沿轴向设置为 三段， 且相邻两段轴之间采用万向联轴节 12连接； 这样， 每段轴的长度尺 寸相对较小， 易于保证其直线度要求。 同时， 在相邻两段轴之间设置有万 向联轴节， 能够可靠地实现变角度动力的传递， 从而能够克服三段轴组装 精度影响其同轴度的问题； 三段轴通过万向联轴节实现柔性连接， 即使三 者之间在轴线方向存在夹角， 也能够保证了顶盖作业的一致性， 顶盖开关 灵活可靠， 并降低了对轴支座的磨耗。
顶盖 2的一侧外沿与传动轴 1固定联接， 且可在传动轴 1的带动下绕 其轴心线转动， 从而实现顶盖 2的开启、 关闭操作； 顶盖 2的四周外缘具 有向下折边 21 ; 请一并参见图 6, 该图是图 3的 B - B局部剖视图， 关闭 状态时，折边 21罩装于车体装货口 210上沿的外侧， 两者配合起到密封的 作用，该折边 21还可起到防止雨水倒灌入车体内部的作用。特别说明的是， 应当理解传动轴 1与轴支座 11之间配合关系可以采用多种方式实现， 图 6 中所示， 轴支座 11内设置有与传动轴 1配合的尼龙衬套 111。
链传动机构 3设置在车体 200—侧的端部，其输出链轮 31通过链轮轴 5与传动轴 1相联并同轴转动；请一并参见图 7,该图是图 3的 II部放大图。 输出链轮 31输出的动力经减速器 6输出至传动轴 1 , 实现了输入与输出转 速的匹配， 以便于在降速同时提高输出扭矩， 提高顶盖启、 闭作业的平稳 性。
驱动部件与链传动机构相连， 以便于驱动链传动机构工作， 本方案中 驱动部件具体为气动缸 4。具体请参见图 8, 气动缸 4的缸杆端与链传动机 构 3的直线段链条 32固定连接，气动缸 4的缸筒端与车体固定连接，这样， 气动缸 4的伸出或者收回操作通过链条驱动输出链轮 31转动，此时，链条 32是链传动机构 3的主动构件。 气动缸 4的动作需要根据实际需要配合相 应的气动控制系统来完成， 请参见图 9 , 该图示出了本实施例提供的气动 控制系统原理图。
如图 9所示， 该控制系统包括两个方向控制阔 7a、 两个梭阔 7b、 截断 塞门 7c、 过滤阔 7d、 单向阔 7e、 储风缸 7f、 调整阔 7g和两个单向节流阔 7h等主要元件。
两个方向控制阔 7a均采用为手动三位四通阔，且分别设置在车体的两 侧端， 以便于操作者在车下进行操纵。每个三位四通阔 7a的第一口与气动 缸 4的无杆腔连通、 第二口与气动缸 4的有杆腔连通、 第三口与压力气路 连通和第四口与大气连通； 在左位工作状态， 其第一口与第三口连通、 第 二口与第四口连通； 在右位工作状态， 其第一口与第四口连通、 第二口与 第三口连通； 在中位非工作状态， 其第一口和第二口与第四口连通。
两个梭阔 7b的出气口分别与气动缸 4的无杆腔和有杆腔连通，两个梭 阔 7b的第一进气口分别与两个三位四通方向控制阔 7a的第一口连通， 两 个梭阔 7b的第二进气口分别与两个所述三位四通方向控制阔 7a的第二口 连通。
本例中压力气源选用车辆列车管 7i, 实际应用时， 压力气源也可以选 用地面风源。 具体地， 压力气路与列车管 7i连通， 在列车管 7i至三位四通 方向控制阔 7a的第三口之间的压力气路上依次设置有截断塞门 7c、 过滤 阔 7d、 单向阔 7e、 储风缸 7f和调整阔 7g; 其中， 单向阔 7e能够确保列车 管 7i中的压力气体向储风缸 7f单向充气； 调整阔 7g用于调整气路压力满 足气动缸 4的使用需要； 截断塞门 7c设置以便于进行气动系统的维修、 维 护。
两个单向节流阔 7h分别设置在两个梭阔 7b的出气口与气动缸 4的无 杆腔和有杆腔之间的通路上， 以提高气动缸 4操作的工作稳定性。
工作原理： 截断塞门 7c处于常开状态， 列车管 7i中的压力气体经过 滤网 7d、 单向阔 7e进入储风缸 7f备用。 顶盖开启操作时， 操纵三位四通 方向控制阔 7a至左位， 压力气体依次经控制阔 7a的第三口和第一口、 与 气动缸 4无杆腔连通的梭阔 7b进入无杆腔，此状态下， 气动缸 4伸出并推 动链条 32直线位移，从而通过链轮轴 5带动传动轴 1正向转动，至顶盖打 开。 顶盖关闭操作时， 操纵三位四通方向控制阔 7a至右位， 压力气体依次 经控制阔 7a的第三口和第二口、 与气动缸 4有杆腔连通的梭阔 7b进入有 杆腔， 此状态下， 气动缸 4收回并推动链条 32直线位移， 从而通过链轮轴 5带动传动轴 1反向转动， 至顶盖关闭。
众所周知， 铁路货车车体的长度、 高度尺寸较大， 因此， 操作者在车 下进行开启操作时无法目测顶盖 2是否打开到位。 进一步地， 如图 2、 图 3 和图 4所示，本方案增设有限定顶盖打开位置的限位块 81和便于目测顶盖 打开状态的指示牌 82。 其中， 指示牌 82通过连接杆固定设置在顶盖 2上， 且指示牌 82上的指示标示伸出于车体 200的端部，需要说明的是，该指示 牌 82可以通过形状或图案显示的指示标示，比如，三角形板或者箭头图案， 只要满足目测打开状态的使用需要均在本申请请求保护的范围。 其中， 限 位块 81为三个且沿长度方向依次固定设置在车体顶上； 如图 4所示，顶盖 2绕传动轴 1转动 180Q 至打开状态时， 顶盖 2恰好与限位块 81的上表面 相抵， 从而确保顶盖 2处于精准的开启位置。
另外， 为避免气动控制系统出现故障而影响顶盖 2的正常开启、 关闭 操作， 本方案增设有一套手动链传动机构 9, 并通过离合器部件 10进行传 力路径的切换。 具体请参见图 4、 图 7和图 8。
手动链传动机构 9设置在车体一侧的端部，其输出链轮 91通过链轮轴 5与传动轴 1相联并同轴转动， 其输入链轮 92置于输出链轮 91的下方， 以便于操作者驱动输入链轮 92转动。 离合器部件 10设置在手动链传动机 构 9的输出链轮 91与链传动机构 3的输出链轮 31之间， 以便于实现两者 之间的切换。 两者之间工作状态的切换通过离合器来完成。 显然， 如此设 计更进一步地提高了本发明的可操作性， 当压力气源无法满足气动缸的工 作压力要求时， 操作者手动驱动手动链传动机构提供驱动力。
进一步地， 请参见图 10、 图 11和图 12 , 其中， 图 10是图 7的 C - C 剖面图， 图 11是离合器部件的主视图； 图 12是离合器部件的俯视图。
手动链传动机构 9的输出链轮 91、 离合器部件 10和链传动机构 3的 输出链轮 31依次套装在链轮轴 5上； 离合器部件 10整体呈套状结构， 其 内壁上具有与轴向键槽， 其两侧端而均设置有轴向凸起。 该轴向键槽与链 轮轴 5上的轴向键 101连接，以便于离合器部件 10可沿着轴向键 101在两 个工作位置之间滑动： 在第一工作位置， 离合器部件 10 左侧端部的凸起 102与手动链传动机构 9的输出链轮 91端部的凹坑（图中未示出） 配合， 此状态下， 手动链传动机构 9驱动传动轴 1转动； 在第二工作位置， 离合 器部件 10右侧端部的凸起 103与链传动机构 3的输出链轮 31端部的凹坑 (图中未示出） 配合， 此状态下， 链传动机构 3驱动传动轴 1转动。
具体地，手动链传动机构 9具体为两级链传动，平均传动比 i = 10〜20。 应当理解， 手动链传动机构 9也可以根据实际需要设计为两级以上的多级 链轮传递， 只要满足单人操作能力 （50kg ) 即可。 当装粮地点不能提供风 源、 风源压力不足或气动系统故障时， 可采用手动装置对顶盖进行操作。 操作者站在车端平台上， 将 "Z" 型摇把插入输入链轮 92端部的方孔 921 内， 摇动摇把即可实现车辆顶盖的开启和关闭。
此外， 由于链条在使用一段时间后及安装过程中， 都可能产生松动的 情况， 如图 4所示， 本方案在链轮机构 3中增加了链条张紧机构 20, 以自 动的调节链条 32松紧， 具体请参见图 13 , 该图是图 4的 ΠΙ部放大图。 链 条张紧机构 20主要包括张紧杠杆 201和弹性部件 202;其中，张紧杠杆 201 的支点 D铰接于车体 200—侧的端部； 弹性部件 202具体为螺旋弹簧， 其 预压缩后与张紧杠杆 201的动力端相抵； 且在弹性部件 202产生的弹性变 图中所示， 阻力端通过滚轮 203与链条 32相抵， 以确保两者之间的工作可 靠性； 从而可以自动的调节链条的松紧， 节约了人工调整维护的时间； 此 夕卜， 链条张紧机构为链条实时处于张紧状态提供了可靠地保证， 有效地提 高了链传动机构的传动效率。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式， 应当指出， 对于本技术领域的 普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下， 还可以做出若干改进 和润饰， 比如， 所述顶盖装置 100也可以采用蜗轮与蜗杆或齿轮与齿条等 传动方式实现将驱动部件的驱动力传递至传动轴 1 , 而非局限于采用链传 动方式实现， 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 铁路货车顶盖装置， 用于与车体装货口配合使用， 其特征在于， 包 传动轴， 沿车体的长度方向设置， 该传动轴通过至少两个轴支座置于 车体顶部；
顶盖， 其与所述传动轴固定联接， 且在该传动轴的带动下绕其轴心线 转动， 以便于实现开启、 关闭操作；
链传动机构， 设置在车体一侧的端部， 其输出链轮通过链轮轴与所述 传动轴相联并同轴转动； 和
驱动部件， 其与所述链传动机构相连， 以便于驱动所述链传动机构工 作。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 所述驱动 的直线段链条和车体固定连接， 所述气动缸的伸出或者收回操作通过链条 驱动所述输出链轮转动。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 还包括： 手动链传动机构， 设置在车体一侧的端部， 其输出链轮通过所述链轮 轴与传动轴相联并同轴转动， 其输入链轮置于输出链轮的下方， 以便于操 作者驱动输入链轮转动； 和 构的输出链轮之间， 以便于实现两者之间动力传动关系的切换。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 所述手动 链传动机构的输出链轮、 所述离合器部件和所述链传动机构的输出链轮依 次套装在所述链轮轴上； 所述离合器部件与所述链轮轴之间键连接， 且离 合器部件可沿链轮轴的轴向在两个工作位置之间滑动： 在第一工作位置， 所述离合器部件一侧端部的凸起与手动链传动机构的输出链轮端部的凹坑 配合， 此状态下， 所述手动链传动机构驱动传动轴转动； 在第二工作位置， 所述离合器部件另一侧端部的凸起与链传动机构的输出链轮端部的凹坑配 合， 此状态下， 所述链传动机构驱动传动轴转动。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 所述手动 链传动机构具体为两级链传动， 平均传动比 i = 10〜20。
6、根据权利要求 1至 5中任一项所述的铁路货车顶盖装置，其特征在 于， 还包括链条张紧机构， 该机构包括：
张紧杠杆， 支点铰接于车体一侧的端部； 和
弹性部件， 预压缩后与所述张紧杠杆的动力端相抵； 且
在所述弹性部件产生的弹性变形能的作用下， 所述张紧杠杆的阻力端 与所述链传动机构的直线段链条相抵。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 所述顶盖 的四周外缘具有向下折边； 关闭状态时， 所述折边罩装于车体装货口上沿 的外侧。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 所述输出 链轮输出的动力经减速器输出至所述传动轴； 所述传动轴沿轴向设置为至 少两段， 且相邻两段之间采用万向联轴节连接。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 还包括： 指示牌， 固定设置在所述顶盖上， 且指示牌上的指示标示伸出于车体 的端部； 和
限位块， 固定设置在车体顶上； 且
所述顶盖绕所述传动轴转动至打开状态时， 所述顶盖与限位块的上表 面相 4氐。
10、根据权利要求 2所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 还包括： 三位四通方向控制阔， 其中， 第一口与所述气动缸的无杆腔连通、 第 二口与所述气动缸的有杆腔连通、 第三口与压力气路连通和第四口与大气 连通； 在左位工作状态， 其第一口与第三口连通、 第二口与第四口连通； 在右位工作状态， 其第一口与第四口连通、 第二口与第三口连通； 在中位 非工作状态， 其第一口和第二口与第四口连通。
11、根据权利要求 10所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 还包括 两个梭阔， 所述三位四通方向控制阔为两个且分别设置在车体端的两侧； 其中， 两个梭阔的出气口分别与所述气动缸的无杆腔和有杆腔连通， 两个 梭阔的第一进气口分别与两个所述三位四通方向控制阔的第一口连通， 两 个梭阔的第二进气口分别与两个所述三位四通方向控制阔的第二口连通。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的铁路货车顶盖装置， 其特征在于， 所述压 力气路与列车管连通， 且， 在列车管至所述三位四通方向控制阔的第三口 之间的压力气路上依次设置有截断塞门、 过滤阔、 单向阔、 储风缸和调整 阔； 在两个所述梭阔的出气口与所述气动缸的无杆腔和有杆腔之间的通路 上分别设置有单向节流阔。
13、 铁路货车， 具有车体及与车体装货口配合使用的顶盖， 其特征在 于， 所述顶盖采用如权利要求 1至 12中任一项所述的铁路货车顶盖装置。
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