WO2011016466A1 - 電力線通信装置、通信機能付き電源回路、電気機器及び制御監視システム - Google Patents
電力線通信装置、通信機能付き電源回路、電気機器及び制御監視システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011016466A1 WO2011016466A1 PCT/JP2010/063146 JP2010063146W WO2011016466A1 WO 2011016466 A1 WO2011016466 A1 WO 2011016466A1 JP 2010063146 W JP2010063146 W JP 2010063146W WO 2011016466 A1 WO2011016466 A1 WO 2011016466A1
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- power line
- supply circuit
- power supply
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- communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
- H04B3/56—Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
- H04B2203/5416—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by adding signals to the wave form of the power source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5429—Applications for powerline communications
- H04B2203/5458—Monitor sensor; Alarm systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
- H04B2203/547—Systems for power line communications via DC power distribution
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power line communication device that uses a power line as a signal transmission path, and a power supply circuit, an electrical device, and a control monitoring system that have a power line communication function.
- PLC Power Line Communication
- a technology for configuring a network in a home by using power line communication has already been put into practical use.
- PLC Power Line Communication
- communication using a power line (indoor wiring) as a signal transmission path is possible between PLC modems (power line communication devices) connected to an outlet. Therefore, it is possible to configure a wired LAN (local area network) without laying a dedicated communication cable in the house (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- a device having an information communication function such as a personal computer is connected to the PLC modem via a communication line.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration when a PLC modem is built in a home appliance.
- many home appliances 63 include a power supply circuit 62 in order to provide a DC power supply voltage to an electronic circuit mounted for control.
- the power supply circuit 62 converts the commercial AC voltage supplied via the plug 63p into a predetermined DC voltage.
- the PLC modem 61 is connected in parallel to the primary side of the power supply circuit 62, and is connected to the power line 65 by inserting the plug 63 p into the outlet 64.
- the PLC modem 61 includes a PLC modem circuit unit 611, a high-frequency transformer 612 for coupling with a power line, and a capacitor 613.
- the PLC modem circuit unit 611 includes a digital communication processing unit, a modulation unit, a demodulation unit, a line driver (analog amplifier), and the like (not shown).
- an object of the present invention is to realize a transmission function of power line communication with a simpler and cheaper circuit configuration in a PLC modem mounted on an electric device such as a home appliance.
- the present invention is a power line communication device that uses a power line as a signal transmission path, and controls a semiconductor switching element present on the power path connected to the power line and on / off of the semiconductor switching element. And a modulating unit that outputs a modulated rectangular wave communication signal to the power line for a predetermined period.
- the power line communication apparatus configured as described above, by switching the semiconductor switching element in an on / off manner modulated based on the signal of the power line communication to be transmitted, the power line communication apparatus is connected to another power line communication apparatus via the power line. A signal can be transmitted. Therefore, a line driver (analog amplifier) and a high-frequency transformer for sending a power line communication signal to the power line are unnecessary.
- the semiconductor switching element is also used for switching in a power supply circuit that receives supply of an AC voltage from the power line, and the modulation unit uses the semiconductor switching element to vacate a power signal by the power supply circuit.
- a communication signal may be output.
- the power line communication device can be configured using the power supply circuit.
- the present invention is a power supply circuit that performs AC / DC conversion by switching based on an AC voltage supplied from a power line, the semiconductor switching element that performs the switching, and the power line as a signal transmission line
- the semiconductor switching element that performs the switching
- the power line as a signal transmission line
- a demodulating unit that extracts and demodulates the transmitted power line communication signal, and the switching idle time for the AC / DC conversion
- a modulation unit that outputs a modulated rectangular wave communication signal to the power line for a predetermined period.
- the power supply circuit with a communication function configured as described above, by switching the semiconductor switching element in an on / off manner that is phase-modulated based on the signal of the power line communication to be transmitted, the power line communication is performed via the power line. A signal can be transmitted. Therefore, a line driver and a high-frequency transformer for sending a power line communication signal to the power line are unnecessary. Further, by using the power supply circuit, it is not necessary to provide a power supply unit dedicated to the power line communication function, and the semiconductor switching element of the power supply circuit can be used.
- an LC parallel circuit of an inductor and a capacitor is inserted in series with a capacitor used for rectification in the power supply circuit, and the LC parallel circuit is connected to power line communication. It is preferable that the inductance and the capacitance are set so as to resonate in parallel by the switching frequency. In this case, since the impedance of the LC parallel circuit becomes extremely large due to the parallel resonance, a short circuit between the rectified output terminals can be prevented.
- the semiconductor switching element preferably uses any one of an SiC transistor, a GaN transistor, and a diamond transistor. In this case, since these transistors all have a small switching loss, even if switching for power line communication is added to the original switching, it is possible to suppress a decrease in conversion efficiency as a power supply circuit.
- the power supply circuit with a communication function of said (3) may be modularized so that an electric equipment can be equipped.
- a power line communication function can be easily added to various electric devices by mounting a modularized power supply circuit.
- the electrical device of the present invention on which the power supply circuit with a communication function of (3) above is mounted may include information on its own power consumption in the communication signal.
- information regarding power consumption can be easily provided to a management device (such as a centralized control monitoring device or a personal computer).
- the electric device of the present invention equipped with the power supply circuit with the communication function of (3) performs its own operation control or power management based on the power line communication signal obtained by demodulation. Also good.
- the electric device can be a target of remote control or power management by power line communication.
- the present invention as a control and monitoring system is equipped with the power supply circuit with communication function of (3) described above, and includes information related to its own power consumption in the communication signal and the power line communication obtained by demodulation.
- a power line communication network is configured by an electrical device capable of performing its own operation control or power management based on a signal and a management device having a power line communication function, and the management device controls the electrical device. And information monitoring. In this case, it is possible to control and monitor each electrical device centrally by a management device (centralized control monitoring device, personal computer, etc.) without newly providing a dedicated communication line.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the power line communication apparatus (PLC modem) which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and the power supply circuit with a communication function by power line communication.
- PLC modem power line communication apparatus
- FIG. 1 It is a circuit diagram which shows the internal structure of the said power supply circuit.
- A) is a figure which simplifies and shows an example of the pulse signal which drives a semiconductor switching element for power line communication
- (b) is a figure which shows switching of the power supply circuit containing the pulse signal shown to (a) It is.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power line communication device (hereinafter referred to as a PLC modem) and a power supply circuit with a communication function by power line communication according to an embodiment of the present invention. That is, the PLC modem 1 is built in the power supply circuit 2, and the power supply circuit 2 is built in the home appliance 3, for example. When the plug 3p connected to the primary side of the power supply circuit 2 is inserted into the outlet 4, the power supply circuit 2 receives supply of commercial AC voltage (AC100V) from the power line 5, and the PLC modem 1 can perform power line communication. it can.
- AC100V commercial AC voltage
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the internal configuration of the power supply circuit 2.
- the power supply circuit 2 uses a commercial AC voltage as an input voltage and performs AC / DC conversion by rectification and switching, thereby providing a predetermined DC output voltage (for example, DC 16 V).
- the power supply circuit 2 includes a bridge circuit 21 configured by four diodes 21, a capacitor Cs used for rectification, an LC parallel circuit 22, a semiconductor switching element Sx, a transformer 23, two Diodes 24 and 25, choke coil 26, and smoothing capacitor 27 are connected as shown in the figure to constitute a forward converter.
- the LC parallel circuit 22 is formed by connecting an inductor Lx (inductance: Lx) and a capacitor Cx (capacitance: Cx) in parallel with each other.
- Lx inductance
- Cx capacitor
- Each of the above parts excluding the LC parallel circuit 22 is originally necessary as a power supply circuit.
- the functions of the diodes 21, 24, and 25 can be realized by performing synchronous rectification instead of transistors such as FETs.
- the semiconductor switching element Sx a transistor suitable for switching at a high frequency (2 MHz or higher), a junction FET, a MOS-FET, or the like is used.
- the drive unit 29 and the modulation unit 12 are connected in parallel to the control terminals (base, gate) of the semiconductor switching element Sx.
- the drive unit 29 operates in response to a drive command from the switching control unit 28.
- the modulation unit 12 operates in response to a modulation command from the digital communication processing unit 11.
- the switching control unit 28 notifies the digital communication processing unit 11 of the switching timing by the driving unit 29 and the idle time (details will be described later) so that the output of the driving unit 29 and the output of the modulation unit 12 do not output simultaneously.
- a demodulator 13 is connected to both ends of the LC parallel circuit 22 via high-pass filters 14 and 15. An output signal from the demodulator 13 is sent to the digital communication processor 11.
- the switching frequency is a relatively low frequency of about several tens of kHz to several hundreds of kHz.
- the function of power line communication in the power supply circuit 2 will be described.
- the power line communication signal (high frequency of 2 MHz to 30 MHz) superimposed on the power line is demodulated by the demodulator 13 via the high-pass filters 14 and 15.
- the demodulated signal is decoded by the digital communication processing unit 11.
- transmission is performed by switching the semiconductor switching element Sx from the digital communication processing unit 11 through the modulation unit 12. This switching is performed at a high frequency of 2 MHz or higher.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically showing an example of a pulse signal (transmission signal) for driving the semiconductor switching element Sx for power line communication.
- a pulse Recangular wave
- 0 When it is turned on at the start of the cycle t and turned off at the time of the half cycle, “0” is represented.
- “1” is represented.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing switching of the power supply circuit 2 including the pulse signal shown in (a).
- the original switching as the power supply circuit is performed at a constant period ts by the illustrated PWM (pulse width modulation) pulse as a power signal.
- the PWM pulse does not extend over the entire period ts, and there is always a free time at the initial and end of the period ts. Therefore, using this idle time, for example, as shown in the figure, a power line communication pulse signal shown in FIG.
- the digital communication processing unit 11 in FIG. 2 operates the modulation unit 12 in synchronization with the switching control unit 28, so that it is possible to insert a signal accurately aiming at a free time.
- the semiconductor switching element Sx is switched by the signal insertion described above, and a power line communication signal is transmitted to the power line 5 (FIG. 1) via the bridge circuit 21.
- the semiconductor switching element Sx functions as an oscillator that transmits a signal of power line communication between the original switching for AC / DC conversion.
- the frequency at which the signal insertion is performed varies depending on the amount of information to be transmitted. For example, once numerical data is used, about once per second is sufficient. Therefore, the influence of signal insertion on the conversion efficiency as a power supply circuit can be suppressed to a negligible level.
- the PLC modem 1 or the power supply circuit 2 having the function thereof switches the semiconductor switching element Sx in an on / off manner that is phase-modulated based on a signal of power line communication to be transmitted.
- a signal can be transmitted to another PLC modem (or a power supply circuit or a home appliance) via the power line 5. Therefore, a line driver (analog amplifier) and a high-frequency transformer for sending a power line communication signal to the power line are unnecessary, and a power line communication transmission function can be realized with a simple and inexpensive circuit configuration.
- the power supply circuit 2 it is not necessary to provide a power supply unit dedicated to the power line communication function, and since the semiconductor switching element Sx of the power supply circuit 2 can be used, a simpler and cheaper circuit configuration can be used.
- the power line communication function can be realized.
- the frequency used for power line communication may be a single frequency, a plurality of frequencies, or OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). However, when the frequency band to be used is wide, not a LC parallel circuit 22 (one inductor Lx and one capacitor Cx) as shown in FIG. Need to connect.
- a transistor as the semiconductor switching element Sx, it is preferable to use a SiC transistor, a GaN transistor, or a diamond transistor. Since all of these transistors have a small switching loss, even if switching for power line communication is added to the original switching, it is possible to suppress a decrease in conversion efficiency as a power supply circuit.
- the power supply circuit 2 with a communication function as described above is preferably a module (for example, a completed part housed in a case or the like as a power supply unit).
- the power line communication function can be easily added by mounting the modularized power supply circuit 2 to various home appliances and other electric devices.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a home network using power line communication.
- a PLC modem 100 is connected to an ONU (line terminator) 101 provided at the end of the optical fiber 102.
- Home power lines (indoor wiring) 5 are connected to each other via a distribution board 6.
- the distribution board 5 is connected to an external electric wire via a lead-in wire 7.
- the power line 5 is provided with outlets 4 at various places.
- the power line 5 stretched around the house can be used as a signal transmission path by power line communication.
- an electrical device such as various home appliances in the house equipped with the power supply circuit 2 with a communication function as described above to the outlet 4, a LAN using a power line is configured.
- the air conditioners 301 to 303, the television 304, the refrigerator 305, and the centralized control monitoring device 306 are electric devices equipped with the power supply circuit 2 with a communication function.
- the personal computer 307 is communicably connected to the PLC modem 100. However, if the power supply circuit 2 with a communication function is mounted on the personal computer 307, communication via the power line can be performed. The current flowing through the lead-in wire 7 can be detected by the current detector 8, and the output is sent to the centralized control monitoring device 306.
- the personal computer 307 can be connected to the Internet from the PLC modem 100 and the ONU 101 via the optical fiber 102.
- the television 304 can also receive video distribution from the optical fiber 102 via the power line 5, for example.
- this home network is configured for the purpose of power control and monitoring.
- an air conditioner with high power consumption is the target of control and monitoring.
- Each of the air conditioners 301 to 303 has a function of providing its own power consumption information, and the information is sent to the power line 5 using the function of the PLC modem 1 mounted in the power supply circuit 2.
- Each of the air conditioners 301 to 303 has a function of receiving a signal for controlling its own operation from the outside, and can receive the signal by the function of the PLC modem 1 mounted in the power supply circuit 2. .
- the centralized control monitoring device 306 can receive a signal from the power line 5 using the function of the PLC modem 1 mounted in the power supply circuit 2. Accordingly, the power consumption of each of the air conditioners 301 to 303 in the home can be monitored and displayed if necessary. Further, the central control monitoring device 306 can detect the power consumption of the entire home based on the output of the current detector 8. Furthermore, the centralized control monitoring apparatus 306 has information on allowable power consumption in the home (for example, preset power consumption maximum power from the viewpoint of energy saving).
- the central control monitoring device 306 stops at least one of the operating air conditioners 301 to 303 when the power consumption in the home exceeds the allowable power consumption. Specifically, the central control monitoring device 306 transmits a stop signal to the air conditioner to be stopped, and the air conditioner that has received the stop signal continuously turns off the semiconductor switching element Sx of the power supply circuit 2. Thus, the operation can be stopped. In addition, when the power consumption in the home is reduced and falls below the allowable power consumption, the stopped air conditioner can be restarted. In this way, the home appliance can be remotely controlled by power line communication.
- the centralized control monitoring device 306 is an example of a management device related to power control monitoring in the network. Such a function can also be realized by a personal computer. Moreover, the control monitoring system comprised of such a management device and an electric device to be controlled / monitored is not limited to an air conditioner, and can target various electric devices. Furthermore, such a control and monitoring system can be configured not only in the home but also in the office or factory.
- this communication method can be applied by omitting the diode 21 not only in the AC power supply line but also in the DC power supply line.
- FSK, QPSK, QAM, OFDM, and SS (Spread Spectrum) modulation can be applied.
- a line driver and a high-frequency transformer for sending a power line communication signal to the power line are not required, and a power line communication transmission function can be realized with a simple and inexpensive circuit configuration.
- a line driver and a high-frequency transformer for sending a power line communication signal to the power line become unnecessary, and a simpler and less expensive circuit is obtained by using the power supply circuit. According to the configuration, it is possible to provide a power supply circuit that realizes a power line communication function. The same applies to the electrical equipment and the control monitoring system of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
この場合、電源回路を利用して電力線通信装置を構成することができる。
この場合、並列共振によってLC並列回路のインピーダンスが極めて大きくなるので、整流出力端子間の短絡を防止することができる。
この場合、これらのトランジスタはいずれもスイッチング損失が少ないため、本来のスイッチングに電力線通信用のスイッチングを追加しても、電源回路としての変換効率低下を抑制することができる。
この場合、各種の電気機器に対して、モジュール化された電源回路を装着することにより容易に、電力線通信の機能を付加することができる。
この場合、消費電力に関する情報を、容易に、管理機器(集中制御監視装置やパソコン等)に提供することができる。
この場合、当該電気機器を、電力線通信により遠隔制御又は電力管理の対象とすることが可能となる。
この場合、新たに通信専用線を設けることなく、管理機器(集中制御監視装置やパソコン等)によって集中的に各電気機器の制御や監視を行うことができる。
なお、ダイオード21,24,25の機能は、FET等のトランジスタに代替して、同期整流を行うことによっても実現することができる。
まず、受信に関しては、電力線に重畳された電力線通信の信号(2MHz~30MHzの高周波)が、ハイパスフィルタ14,15を介して復調部13により復調される。復調された信号は、デジタル通信処理部11によって解読される。
一方、送信は、デジタル通信処理部11から変調部12を経て、半導体スイッチング素子Sxをスイッチングすることにより行われる。このスイッチングは、2MHz以上の高周波で行われる。
上記の信号挿入が行われる頻度は、送信する情報量によって異なるが、例えば数値データ等であれば1秒に1回程度でも十分である。従って、信号挿入が電源回路としての変換効率等に与える影響を、無視できる程度に抑制することができる。
fs=1/{2π・(Lx・Cx)1/2}
である。この場合、並列共振によってLC並列回路22のインピーダンスが極めて大きくなるので、高周波でコンデンサCsのインピーダンスが0に近くなっても、図2の整流出力端子C-D間の短絡を防止することができる。
なお、電力線通信に用いる周波数は、単一の周波数であってもよいし、複数の周波数又はOFDM(直交周波数分割多重)であってもよい。但し、使用する周波数帯域が広い場合には、図2のようなLC並列回路22(1個のインダクタLx及び1個のコンデンサCx)ではなく、共振周波数の異なる複数のLC並列回路をさらに並列に接続する必要がある。
この場合、各種の家電機器その他の電気機器に対して、モジュール化された電源回路2を装着することにより容易に、電力線通信の機能を付加することができる。
例えば、本通信方式は交流電源線のみならず、直流電源線においてもダイオード21を省略することにより適用できる。また位相変調のみならず、FSK,QPSK,QAM,OFDM,SS(Spread Spectrum)変調も適用できる。
また、本発明の通信機能付き電源回路によれば、電力線通信の信号を電力線に送出するためのラインドライバや高周波トランスが不要となる他、電源回路を利用することによって、より簡素で安価な回路構成によって、電力線通信の機能を実現した電源回路を提供することができる。本発明の電気機器、制御監視システムについても同様である。
Claims (9)
- 電力線を信号伝送路として利用する電力線通信装置であって、
前記電力線と接続された電路上に存在する半導体スイッチング素子と、
前記半導体スイッチング素子のオン・オフを制御することで、変調された矩形波の通信信号を前記電力線に所定期間出力させる変調部と
を備えたことを特徴とする電力線通信装置。 - 前記半導体スイッチング素子は、前記電力線から交流電圧の供給を受ける電源回路におけるスイッチングにも用いられ、
前記変調部は、前記半導体スイッチング素子により前記電源回路による電力信号の空き時間に前記通信信号を出力させる、請求項1記載の電力線通信装置。 - 電力線から供給される交流電圧に基づいて、スイッチングによるAC/DC変換を行う電源回路であって、
前記スイッチングを行う半導体スイッチング素子と、
前記電力線を信号伝送路として送信されて来た電力線通信の信号を抽出して復調する復調部と、
前記AC/DC変換のためのスイッチングの空き時間を利用して、前記半導体スイッチング素子のオン・オフを制御することで、変調された矩形波の通信信号を前記電力線に所定期間出力させる変調部と
を備えたことを特徴とする通信機能付き電源回路。 - 前記電源回路内で整流に用いられるコンデンサと直列に、インダクタとコンデンサとのLC並列回路が挿入され、当該LC並列回路は、電力線通信のためのスイッチング周波数によって並列共振するようインダクタンス及びキャパシタンスが設定されている請求項3記載の通信機能付き電源回路。
- 前記半導体スイッチング素子は、SiCトランジスタ、GaNトランジスタ及びダイヤモンドトランジスタのいずれか1つを用いたものである請求項3記載の通信機能付き電源回路。
- 電気機器に装備可能にモジュール化された請求項3記載の通信機能付き電源回路。
- 請求項3に記載の通信機能付き電源回路を搭載し、自己の消費電力に関する情報を、前記通信信号に含める電気機器。
- 請求項3に記載の通信機能付き電源回路を搭載し、復調して得た電力線通信の信号に基づいて自己の動作制御又は電力管理を行う電気機器。
- 請求項3に記載の通信機能付き電源回路を搭載し、自己の消費電力に関する情報を前記通信信号に含めるとともに、復調して得た電力線通信の信号に基づいて自己の動作制御又は電力管理を行うことが可能な電気機器と、電力線通信の機能を有する管理機器と、によって電力線通信のネットワークを構成し、
前記管理機器は、前記電気機器について制御及び情報の監視を行う制御監視システム。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10806465.0A EP2464027B1 (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2010-08-04 | Power line communication device, power supply circuit with communication function, electrical appliance, and control-monitoring system |
US13/388,878 US9136911B2 (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2010-08-04 | Power line communication device, power supply circuit with communication function, electric appliance, and control and monitoring system |
CN201080034453.6A CN102648587B (zh) | 2009-08-06 | 2010-08-04 | 电力线通信装置、具有通信功能的电源电路、电气设备、和控制及监测系统 |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2009-183745 | 2009-08-06 | ||
JP2009183745A JP5432628B2 (ja) | 2009-08-06 | 2009-08-06 | 電力線通信装置、通信機能付き電源回路、電気機器及び制御監視システム |
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WO2011016466A1 true WO2011016466A1 (ja) | 2011-02-10 |
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PCT/JP2010/063146 WO2011016466A1 (ja) | 2009-08-06 | 2010-08-04 | 電力線通信装置、通信機能付き電源回路、電気機器及び制御監視システム |
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US (1) | US9136911B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2464027B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5432628B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102648587B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI475816B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011016466A1 (ja) |
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WO2012120906A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電力線通信装置、電力線通信システム、電力線通信方法、及び電力線通信プログラム |
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US9184792B2 (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2015-11-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Charging communication system and charging equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2464027A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
TWI475816B (zh) | 2015-03-01 |
JP5432628B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
US9136911B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
CN102648587A (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
TW201119258A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
CN102648587B (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
EP2464027A4 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
EP2464027B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
JP2011040829A (ja) | 2011-02-24 |
US20120128081A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
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