WO2011016441A1 - 太陽電池の評価方法、評価装置、メンテナンス方法、メンテナンスシステム、および太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池の評価方法、評価装置、メンテナンス方法、メンテナンスシステム、および太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an evaluation method and an evaluation apparatus for a solar cell for simply evaluating defects of a solar cell and use thereof, and in particular, a current is injected into a solar cell element constituting the solar cell, and emission characteristics generated at that time are expressed.
- the present invention relates to a solar cell evaluation method, an evaluation apparatus, and use thereof for simply evaluating defects of a solar cell by analysis.
- solar energy is progressing to conserve the global environment, and solar cells are being laid on the roofs and walls of ordinary buildings and homes.
- solar cells using semiconductors that are advantageous for increasing the area are rapidly developing and manufacturing as top priority candidates for creating clean energy.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method for detecting and evaluating the defects of the above-described solar cell, for example, using an electron beam or a laser beam, the induced current and voltage are measured, and the minority carrier diffusion length and the defect (inside the grain boundary grain) are analyzed.
- Methods such as EBIC (Electron Beam Induced Current) and LBIC (Laser Beam Induced Current) are widely used.
- EBIC Electro Beam Induced Current
- LBIC Laser Beam Induced Current
- Non-Patent Document 2 an apparatus that detects the short-circuit portion by analyzing the distribution of heat generated by forward biasing with respect to the solar cell based on the intensity of infrared light. Furthermore, a technique for detecting a substrate crack by irradiating strong light from the back surface of the substrate to detect leaked light has also been reported (Non-Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 1 the solar A technique for investigating battery defects has been developed.
- the defects in the above-described solar cell are generally roughly divided into defects caused by internal factors (internal defects) and defects caused by external factors (external defects).
- Intrinsic defects are defects caused by the physical properties of the solar cell such as crystal defects, crystal dislocations, and grain boundaries, which affect the function of the solar cell. Does not affect much.
- extrinsic defects are solar cell mechanical defects such as substrate cracks (micro cracks, etc.), electrode breakage, electrode contact failure, etc., and the reliability of solar cells and production when producing solar cells Since it adversely affects the yield, it is a decisive factor for efficiently mass-producing highly reliable solar cells.
- the intrinsic defect lowers the performance of the solar cell, and there is a problem that the power generation efficiency of the solar cell deteriorates even if left unattended, but the influence is small in terms of long-term reliability.
- the reliability of the extrinsic defect gradually decreases when left unattended, and in the worst case, the solar cell is damaged. Therefore, it is important to clearly analyze whether the generated defects are intrinsic defects or extrinsic defects in order to appropriately deal with defects that occur in solar cells during the manufacturing or use process. .
- the above-described prior art cannot sort such defects.
- Patent Document 2 a technology for separating intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects was developed (Patent Document 2). According to this technology, intrinsic defects depend on temperature changes, so increasing the temperature makes the intrinsic defects unclear, while extrinsic defects do not depend on temperature changes. Appears prominently. In this way, intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects can be distinguished.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to evaluate solar cells that can easily evaluate defects of solar cells, particularly intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects. It is to provide a method and an evaluation apparatus and use thereof.
- the present inventors have found that when the current is injected in the forward direction with respect to the solar cell, the emission characteristics by electroluminescence are different between the intrinsic defect site and the extrinsic defect site of the solar cell. Based on this, the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- the solar cell evaluation device of the present invention is a solar cell evaluation device that evaluates defects in solar cells, and current injection means that injects current in the forward direction with respect to the solar cell elements constituting the solar cells.
- current injection means that injects current in the forward direction with respect to the solar cell elements constituting the solar cells.
- the first region having a wavelength of 800 nm to 1300 nm and the light of a second region having a wavelength of 1400 nm to 1800 nm among the light emitted from the solar cell element due to the current injected from the current injection unit.
- the solar cell evaluation method or evaluation apparatus of the present invention it is easy to classify and evaluate solar cell defects, in particular intrinsic defects due to the physical properties of the solar cell and external defects that are mechanical defects. There is an effect that can be done. Thereby, for example, the type and / or amount of defects in the solar cell can be evaluated.
- the electroluminescence method is used, a large facility is not necessary, and it is possible to easily evaluate a defect in a product state (a state completed in a manufacturing factory or a state installed in a structure).
- the solar cell maintenance method or maintenance system of the present invention it is not necessary to use a large-sized device, and the solar cell quality can be easily evaluated. Even if it exists, it is possible to perform maintenance periodically. For this reason, there exists an effect that the quality of a solar cell module can be maintained at a fixed level.
- a solar cell module of the present invention it is possible to detect and detect intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects, and it is possible to repair or replace only critical defects. For this reason, there exists an effect that a solar cell module can be manufactured efficiently.
- FIG. 1 is a figure which shows another example of the flow of the maintenance system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure which shows another example of the flow of the maintenance system which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure explaining the method used in order to reduce the noise resulting from the disturbance light detected at the light emission detection process in the case of using a pulse current.
- (A) is a figure which shows the relationship between the light emission intensity
- the present inventors have been studying the performance evaluation of solar cells for a long time, especially focusing on the unique relationship between electroluminescence and the performance of solar cells, and making an unprecedented evaluation of solar cells.
- Technology has been developed (Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above). This time, the present inventors have found that when a direct current is applied to the solar cell element, electroluminescence light is generated in a region where the two wavelengths are different, that is, near the wavelength of 1100 nm and near the wavelength of 1500 nm. In the electroluminescence phenomenon when current is injected into the solar cell, the light emission intensity on the short wavelength side (near 1100 nm) is stronger than the light emission intensity on the long wavelength side (near 1500 nm).
- the present inventors examined the significance of light having different two wavelengths.
- photoluminescence research has been reported on the emission of silicon crystals from deep levels (eg Michio, TAJIMA, and Yoshiaki, MATSUSHITA, JAPANESE, JOURNAL, OF, APPLIED, PHYSICS, VOL., 22, NO., 9, SEPTEMBER, pp. L589-L59159 ( 1983) i).
- light emission related to dislocations in single crystal Si occurs around 0.8 to 0.9 eV.
- the inventors of the present invention have made an independent inference that light emission by electroluminescence near the wavelength of 1500 nm found this time is related to the light emission phenomenon of photoluminescence, and further studied.
- the light emission in the vicinity of the wavelength of 1100 nm in electroluminescence is light caused by the interband transition of the solar cell, while the light in the vicinity of the wavelength of 1500 nm is an intrinsic defect of the solar cell element (especially a dislocation in the crystalline state or a complex with impurities).
- luminescence generated from the body, etc. it was concluded by matching the change in luminescence on the two-dimensional image with the distribution of defects.
- the present inventors have completed the present invention by applying this innovative new knowledge to defect classification by two-dimensional imaging.
- the discovery of such a phenomenon, the estimation and consideration of the mechanism, and such an application can only be accomplished by the present inventors, and cannot be reached by a general person skilled in the art.
- the background to the completion of the present invention has been described only as an aid for understanding the present invention and should not be used to limit the interpretation of the present invention. Keep it.
- the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention is to evaluate solar cell defects, and a current injection step for injecting a current in the forward direction to a solar cell element constituting the solar cell, and a current injection step Of the light generated from the solar cell element by the light emission detecting step for detecting the light in the first region having a wavelength of 800 nm to 1300 nm and the light in the second region having a wavelength of 1400 nm to 1800 nm; And a determination step for discriminating between intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects using the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region as an index.
- a solar cell for example, a solar cell module or a solar cell panel, or the solar cell element itself. The same applies hereinafter). It is intended to encompass detecting a defect, determining whether a defect exists in the solar cell, and evaluating the amount and / or type of solar cell defect.
- “Evaluating the amount of solar cell defects” includes determining the absolute number of solar cell defects and determining whether the amount of solar cell defects is greater or less than a predetermined amount. To do.
- solar cell element means a minimum structural unit that generates light by receiving light by a photoconductive effect and / or a photovoltaic effect, for example, 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm square to 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm square Is mentioned.
- the “solar cell module” refers to a configuration in which a plurality of these solar cell elements are connected. For example, a 0.5 m ⁇ 0.5 m square in which about 10 to 50 solar cell elements are connected. There can be mentioned about 1.0 to 1.0 m square.
- solar cell module includes “solar cell panel” which is an assembly of modules. Further, when simply referred to as “solar cell”, it represents any or all of a solar cell element, a solar cell module, and a solar cell panel.
- the current injection step may be a step for injecting a current in the forward direction with respect to the solar cell elements constituting the solar cell.
- the injected current may be a direct current or a pulse current.
- injecting a direct current in the forward direction means applying a bias to inject a direct current in the forward direction to a so-called solar cell element, as shown in FIG.
- a direct current is injected in the forward direction.
- the light by electroluminescence is radiated
- a conventionally known power source or the like can be suitably used, and is not particularly limited.
- a conventionally known DC power source may be used as a device for injecting a DC current, which can use a general constant current source.
- the light emission detection step is a step for detecting light in a first region having a wavelength of 800 nm to 1300 nm and light in a second region having a wavelength of 1400 nm to 1800 nm out of light emitted from the solar cell element by the current injection step.
- the specific method and the like are not particularly limited, and a conventionally known technique can be suitably used.
- a conventionally known light detection means capable of detecting light from the solar cell element for example, light having a wavelength in the vicinity of 800 nm to 1800 nm
- its specific configuration is not particularly limited. Absent.
- a photodetector such as a CCD camera and an image intensifier
- a CCD camera for example, an InGaAs CCD camera (manufactured by Xenics, product number XEVA-1.7 series, Hamamatsu Photonics, product number C8250-20), Si CCD camera (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, product number C9299-02), etc. Is mentioned.
- the Si CCD camera can detect light in the wavelength region of 200 nm to 1200 nm.
- an InGaAs CCD camera is more preferable because it can comprehensively detect light in the wavelength region of 800 nm to 1800 nm.
- image intensifier examples include an image intensifier (part number V8071U-76) manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd., which can detect light in a wavelength region of 360 nm to 1100 nm.
- the state of light emission in the solar cell can be observed as an image. That is, the in-plane distribution of light emission in the solar cell can be collectively measured two-dimensionally, and defects in the solar cell can be evaluated easily and quickly.
- Each band-pass filter may be disposed between the solar cell and the detection unit so that light generated from the solar cell element passes through the band-pass filter before reaching the light detection unit. It may be provided in the lens part of the means.
- Examples of the band-pass filter that selectively transmits light in the first region include BROAD BANDPASS FILTER (product number BBP-0910-1170C, manufactured by SPECTROGON), and selectively transmits light in the second region.
- Examples of the band-pass filter include BROAD BANDPASS FILTER (manufactured by SPECTROGON, product number BBP-1350-1600C).
- the wavelength region and emission intensity of light generated from the solar cell element vary depending on the type of defect, light of each wavelength is detected using different bandpass filters having different wavelength passbands, and the emission intensity.
- region is superior to the detection sensitivity of the light of a 2nd area
- the current application time and the image capturing time can be shortened compared to acquiring the light image of the second region.
- the determination step may be a step of separating intrinsic defects from extrinsic defects using the light emission intensity of the first region detected in the light emission detection step and the light emission intensity of the second region as an index. .
- the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region are respectively compared with the first threshold value and the second threshold value, and the results are compared.
- the comparison method is not particularly limited.
- a conventionally known method is used to obtain the first region emission image and the second region emission image, respectively.
- the light emission intensity of the first region is compared with the first threshold value
- the light emission intensity of the second region is compared with the second threshold value in the image showing the light emission of the second region.
- the determination step for example, (i) it is determined that a defect exists when the emission intensity of the first region is equal to or less than the first threshold, and (ii) ⁇ When the emission intensity of the second region is equal to or higher than the second threshold value, the part may be determined to be an intrinsic defect, and the other part may be determined to be an extrinsic defect.
- the defect detected based on the light emission intensity of the second region is an intrinsic defect, or is extrinsic. Whether it is a defect can be sorted out.
- the step of sequentially determining defects includes, for example, a case where all data relating to the emission intensity of the first region and the emission intensity of the second region are processed by a computer or the like after being acquired. This can be performed when the defect is evaluated for each part of the element.
- step (iii) a part where the emission intensity of the first region is not more than the first threshold and the emission intensity of the second region is not less than the second threshold is an intrinsic defect.
- step (iv) Determining that the site where the emission intensity of the first region is less than or equal to the first threshold and the emission intensity of the second region is less than the second threshold is an extrinsic defect Also good.
- the order of the step (iii) and the step (iv) is not particularly limited, and after the step (iii) is performed, the step (iv) may be performed or vice versa. Further, step (iii) and step (iv) may be performed in parallel. In particular, by performing the step (iii) and the step (iv) in parallel, it is possible to evaluate the defects of the solar cell more quickly than when the steps (i) and (ii) are performed.
- first threshold value and the “second threshold value” in the above steps (i) to (iv) may be different or the same.
- the “first threshold” in the step (i) is the same as the “first threshold” for comparing the light emission intensity of the first region in the steps (iii) and (iv), and the step (ii) And the “second threshold value” for comparing the emission intensity of the second region in the steps (iii) and (iv).
- the “first threshold value” is a value of the light emission intensity of the first region generated from a normal part of the solar cell element by injecting a current into the solar cell element in the above-described current injection step. 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% of the light emission intensity of the first region generated from the normal part of the solar cell element. Or a value of 10%. If the first threshold value is set close to the emission intensity generated from the normal part of the solar cell element, a minor defect can be detected. On the other hand, as the first threshold value is set lower than the emission intensity generated from the normal part of the solar cell element, the more severe defects can be detected.
- the “normal part” is intended to be a part of the solar cell in which neither an intrinsic defect nor an extrinsic defect exists. Note that the threshold value is preferably measured and determined in advance.
- the “second threshold value” is the second region of light generated from the site where the intrinsic defect of the solar cell element is present by injecting current into the solar cell element in the above-described current injection step.
- the emission intensity may be a value that is slightly lower than the emission intensity of the light in the second region generated from the site where the intrinsic defect exists, for example, about 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50% May be the value.
- emission intensity refers to the intensity of light in a predetermined wavelength region, and may be, for example, the peak value or integrated value of the emission spectrum in the predetermined region. Using a conventionally known method, an emission spectrum of light generated from a solar cell is created, and the emission intensity can be obtained by obtaining a peak value or an integral value in the first region and the second region. .
- this determination step may be a step for determining by comparing the measured light emission intensity with the reference value, and a conventionally known technique can be suitably used as a specific method thereof.
- the defect of the solar cell is quantitatively evaluated by quantifying the emission intensity.
- the defect may be qualitatively evaluated based only on the intensity of the emission intensity. Even in this case, the above-described method can be used as appropriate.
- the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention may further include an image generation step.
- the image generation step is a step of generating a first image based on the light emission intensity of the first region detected in the light emission detection step and a second image based on the light emission intensity of the second region. I just need it.
- a CCD camera and an image intensifier such as an image intensifier that can acquire the state of light emission from the solar cell as an image may be used. If such a photodetector is used, the emission intensity of the detected light can be digitized by digitization.
- the photodetector can be used for detecting light emission from the solar cell element in the light emission detection step, and can be used for generating an image of the detected light emission in the image generation step.
- the “image based on the emission intensity” is intended to be an image showing the distribution of the emission intensity of light in the solar cell element. For example, a two-dimensional in-plane distribution of emission intensity in the solar cell element can be given. By using such an image, it is possible to know from what part of the solar cell element and how much light emission has occurred.
- the image generation step only needs to include generating the above-described image as at least data, but may further include displaying the generated image on a display unit such as a display. If an image is displayed on a display, the determination process mentioned later can be performed visually.
- the determination step includes the light emission intensity of the first region in the first image generated in the image generation step, and the second Any process may be used as long as the intrinsic defect and the extrinsic defect are separated using the light emission intensity of the second region in the image as an index.
- the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention is applicable to any solar cell element such as a crystalline or non-crystalline solar cell element, a compound semiconductor solar cell element, a dye-sensitized solar cell element, or an organic solar cell element.
- the solar cell element to be evaluated by the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a solar cell element having a conventionally known semiconductor material as a main constituent component. It is preferable to include a silicon semiconductor as a main constituent member.
- the silicon semiconductor used for the solar cell element is preferably a single crystal, polycrystalline, or amorphous silicon semiconductor.
- “providing as a main constituent member” means that any other member or component may be provided as long as a silicon semiconductor is provided as a main constituent member.
- a solar cell element including a polycrystalline silicon semiconductor as a main constituent member is preferable.
- a solar cell element is manufactured using a polycrystalline silicon semiconductor as a main constituent member, it is difficult to obtain a uniform in-plane distribution, so that quality evaluation and performance check using the evaluation method of the present invention are very It will be important.
- a wavelength of 800 nm to 1300 nm when a current is injected in a forward direction into a solar cell element mainly composed of a single crystal and / or polycrystalline silicon semiconductor, a wavelength of 800 nm to 1300 nm, preferably a wavelength of 900 nm.
- the first region of light having a wavelength of ⁇ 1250 nm, more preferably 1100 nm to 1200 nm, and the light of a second region having a wavelength of 1400 nm to 1800 nm, preferably 1500 nm to 1700 nm, more preferably 1550 nm to 1650 nm are emitted strongly.
- the light peak in the first region has a wavelength of 1150 nm
- the light peak in the second region has a wavelength of 1600 nm.
- the current density to be injected is not particularly limited, for example, but may be 5 to 1000 mA / cm 2 , and more specifically. is 50 ⁇ 800mA / cm 2, still more specifically 100 ⁇ 500mA / cm 2.
- the current density to be injected is not particularly limited, for example, but may be 10 to 3000 mA / cm 2 , and more specifically 100 to It was 2000 mA / cm 2, and more specifically is a 500 ⁇ 1500mA / cm 2. It goes without saying that the current density to be injected is not limited to these values, and can be appropriately changed according to the materials and compositions of various solar cell elements.
- the rational numerical range which can show the effect of this invention even if it is out of the said numerical range is included in the technical scope of this invention.
- the photoelectric conversion performance and / or reliability of the solar cell can be more accurately evaluated by performing the evaluation under actual operating conditions.
- the conditions for performing the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention are not limited to such actual operating conditions, and vary according to the relationship between camera performance, exposure time, and amount of defects, and those skilled in the art appropriately set the optimum conditions. can do.
- an optimum condition may be set in consideration of industrial use conditions (balance between emission intensity and measurement time (cost)) at the current technical level. More specifically, when it is difficult to detect a defect (when there are few defects or when the defect is fine), the amount of current to be applied may be increased and measured.
- the solar cell module is described assuming that the solar cell module is configured by connecting a number of solar cell elements in series. Even when the solar cell elements are connected in parallel, the evaluation can be performed for each region where the solar cell elements are connected in series.
- the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention it is possible to detect defects in the solar cell easily and accurately without requiring large facilities as compared with the conventional solar cell evaluation method. And the defect can be divided into an intrinsic defect and an extrinsic defect. Specifically, since the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention uses an electroluminescence method based on forward current injection, for example, (i) it is simple and accurate compared to the conventional technique. The type and amount of defects in solar cells can be evaluated. (Ii) Since large-scale equipment is not required, defects are evaluated in the product state (completed at the manufacturing plant or installed in the structure).
- the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention in the case of a solar cell module configured by connecting a plurality of solar cell elements in series, evaluation is performed for defects of the entire solar cell module by one current injection. It can be carried out. That is, if current injection is performed once, current flows through all the solar cell elements constituting the solar cell module, so that all the solar cell elements emit light.
- the in-plane distribution of light can be instantaneously and collectively measured. Specifically, for example, the in-plane distribution of light can be measured in a two-dimensional manner using a CCD camera or the like as described above, or the in-plane of light can be measured using a one-dimensional line scanner.
- the distribution can be measured collectively, but is not limited thereto. That is, if the light of the entire solar cell module is detected at a time using a large luminescence detection means or a line scanner capable of performing one-dimensional scanning, the solar cell element at any position of the solar cell module is defective. It can be determined at a glance whether it exists. Furthermore, it can be distinguished whether this defect is an intrinsic defect or an extrinsic defect. Further, when the solar cell module is measured in a lump, it can be continuously observed and analyzed from the entire module to a part of the solar cell element by a zoom operation of a camera or the like.
- defects of the solar cell module can be evaluated very simply by using the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention.
- size of the solar cell element or solar cell module used as evaluation object is not specifically limited, The thing of various magnitude
- the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention can be applied to the manufacturing process of the solar cell module. According to this, in the manufacturing process of the solar cell module, by constantly monitoring the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region from the solar cell module, intrinsic defects and extrinsic Defects can be detected. For this reason, it is possible to repair or replace only the defective portion.
- the solar cell module manufacturing method includes the solar cell evaluation method as one step, so that it is possible to automatically perform a total inspection and provide a solar cell module free from defects. It becomes possible.
- the solar cell evaluation apparatus of the present invention evaluates a defect of a solar cell, and injects a current in the forward direction with respect to the solar cell element constituting the solar cell (current injection means). And light emission detection for detecting light in a first region having a wavelength of 800 nm to 1300 nm and light in a second region having a wavelength of 1400 nm to 1800 nm among the light emitted from the solar cell element due to the current injected from the current injection means Determination of the intrinsic defect and the extrinsic defect using the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region among the light detected by the light emission detection unit and the light emission detection unit Other specific conditions such as configuration, size, and shape are not particularly limited.
- each member each means
- the description of each member will be referred to the description of each step in the evaluation method described above, and overlapping. Omitted parts are omitted.
- the current injection unit may be any unit that injects current in the forward direction with respect to the solar cell elements constituting the solar cell, and the specific configuration thereof is not particularly limited. In other words, it can be said that the current injection unit may be any unit that executes the “current injection step” described in the section ⁇ 1-1>.
- a conventionally known constant current source, a constant voltage source, or the like can be used.
- a direct current When a direct current is injected, a conventionally known direct current power source may be used as the current injection unit.
- the solar cell evaluation apparatus of the present invention when direct current is injected will be described.
- the current injection part injects a current having substantially the same density as the operating current of the solar cell element.
- the current injection unit injects a current having a density in the range described in the section ⁇ 1-5> in order to generate light of the first region and light of the second region having higher emission intensity. May be.
- the light emission detecting means selectively detects either the first area light or the second area light, and the first area light or the second area light. It is preferable that the detection be performed using a band-pass filter to be passed.
- each bandpass filter is disposed between the solar cell and the light emission detection unit so that the light emitted from the solar cell element passes through these bandpass filters before reaching the light emission detection unit.
- it may be provided in the lens portion of the light detection unit.
- each bandpass filter is movably disposed between the solar cell and the light emission detection unit.
- “being movable” means that these bandpass filters can be moved from or to a path through which light emitted from the solar cell element reaches the light emission detection unit. It means “possible”.
- this band pass filter is moved from the said path
- this band pass filter is moved to this path
- the determination unit separates intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects from the light detected by the light emission detection means, using the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region as an index.
- a specific configuration or the like is not particularly limited. That is, the determination unit only needs to execute the “determination step” described in the section ⁇ 1-3>.
- a conventionally known arithmetic device such as a computer can be suitably used.
- the determination unit may determine using an image or simply using only a numerical value.
- the determination unit determines that a defect exists when the emission intensity of the first region is equal to or less than the first threshold, and (ii) determines a region determined to have a defect in step (i) above.
- the part may be determined to be an intrinsic defect, and the other part may be determined to be an extrinsic defect.
- a part where the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold value and the light emission intensity of the second region is equal to or higher than the second threshold value is determined to be an intrinsic defect
- a part where the emission intensity of the first region is less than or equal to the first threshold and the emission intensity of the second region is less than the second threshold may be determined to be an extrinsic defect.
- first threshold “first threshold”, “second threshold”, and “emission intensity”, which are the same as those described in the section ⁇ 1-3>, are the same as those described above, and the description thereof is omitted here. .
- the solar cell evaluation device of the present invention may further include an image generation unit.
- the image generation unit generates a first image based on the light emission intensity of the first region and a second image detected based on the light emission intensity of the second region detected by the light emission detection unit.
- the image generation unit only needs to execute the “image generation process” described in the section ⁇ 1-4>.
- a conventionally known CCD camera and a photo detector such as an image intensifier Can be suitably used.
- the determination unit When the solar cell evaluation device of the present invention includes the image generation unit, the determination unit generates the emission intensity of the first region in the first image and the second intensity in the second image generated by the image generation unit.
- the intrinsic structure and the extrinsic defect may be separated using the light emission intensity of the region 2 as an index, and the specific configuration thereof is not particularly limited.
- the other description regarding the determination unit is referred to the description in the section ⁇ 2-3> and is omitted.
- the evaluation target of the solar cell evaluation apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited, as in the above method, and semiconductor solar cells can be generally used.
- silicon semiconductors are the main constituent members. It is preferable to target.
- the wavelength of light in the first region generated from the solar cell element using such a silicon semiconductor is 800 nm to 1300 nm, preferably 900 nm to 1200 nm, more preferably 1000 nm to 1100 nm, and the wavelength of light in the second region. Is from 1400 nm to 1800 nm, preferably from 1500 nm to 1700 nm, more preferably from 1550 nm to 1650 nm. For this reason, it is preferable that the said light emission detection part can detect the light of the wavelength of these area
- the solar cell evaluation apparatus of the present invention may include a scanning unit (scanning means) of a mechanism capable of two-dimensional scanning in addition to a one-dimensional scanning mechanism such as a line scanner.
- a scanning unit scanning means
- the entire large-sized solar cell module including a large number of solar cell elements can be evaluated while scanning.
- the scanning unit may be provided in the evaluation device, or conversely, may be provided in the solar cell element to be evaluated.
- the solar cell evaluation apparatus 10 includes a dark box 1, a comb probe 4, a copper plate 5, a DC power supply 6, a light emission detection unit 12, and a determination unit 13.
- the solar cell module 7 is an evaluation target.
- the solar cell module 7 has a configuration in which a plurality of solar cell elements are connected. Note that the solar cell module 7 may be a solar cell panel that is an assembly of solar cell modules.
- the dark box 1 is for forming a dark state for facilitating detection of light from the solar cell module 7.
- the dark box 1 is formed with a window hole. This window hole is used when evaluating a solar cell module or panel provided in the vertical direction.
- the light emission detection unit 12 functions as a light emission detection unit including a CCD camera.
- the light emission detection unit 12 includes an InGaAs CCD camera 2 and a lens 3.
- the light emission detector 12 is formed to be rotatable by 90 °. Thereby, the solar cell module provided in the vertical direction can be evaluated.
- a normal lens or a zoom lens can be used as the lens 3.
- the lens 3 is detachably equipped with a band pass filter 14 that selectively passes light in the first region and a band pass filter 15 that selectively passes light in the second region.
- the CCD camera is installed on the top of the solar cell for shooting, but in the module shooting mode, the solar cell module is installed outside the dark box 1. Then, the CCD camera is rotated 90 ° to photograph and measure.
- the size (cell size) of the solar cell module 7 to be evaluated in the normal photographing mode is, for example, a size: about 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm, 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm, 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm, 160 mm ⁇ 160 mm, The thing of 200 mm x 200 mm and thickness: 0.3 mm or less can be used.
- the distance between the lens 3 of the light emission detection unit 12 and the solar cell module 7 is set to 150 mm or more and within 400 mm, and the light emission detection unit 12 can move up and down between the solar cell module 7. It is preferable that it is installed in.
- the comb probe 4 is a surface contact for applying a current to the solar cell module 7.
- the comb probe 4 is composed of a pair of comb-shaped probes as shown in the figure, and one comb corresponds to one electrode of a solar cell element constituting the solar cell module 7. It is preferable that the probe has a comb structure because a current can be uniformly applied to the solar cell module 7.
- the comb probes used for the 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm cell, 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm cell, and 200 mm ⁇ 200 mm cell may be different in the length of each pass bar electrode and the width between both electrodes.
- a pair of comb-shaped probes manufactured by Atosystem can be used.
- the width interval between the two comb-shaped probes is configured to be adjustable.
- interval of the "comb" in a comb-shaped probe is not specifically limited, For example, what is necessary is just 9 mm.
- the thickness of one comb of the probe can be 1 mm.
- One comb probe is preferably used for each electrode.
- a probe from a positive shower may be used without using a comb probe.
- the copper plate 5 functions as a back contact.
- a gold plated copper plate can be used.
- the stability is improved by digging and sucking a concentric square groove.
- the size of the groove include 8 mm ⁇ 8 mm, 18 mm ⁇ 18 mm, 98 mm ⁇ 98 mm, 148 mm ⁇ 148 mm, and 195 mm ⁇ 195 mm.
- a normal DC power supply (which can be injected into a solar cell element at a current density of 1 to 5000 mA / cm 2 ) can be used.
- the voltage may be about 5V when evaluating solar cell elements or solar cell modules, but is preferably about 100V when evaluating solar cell panels that are aggregates of solar cell modules. In particular, the voltage is more preferably about 1 to 2 V per solar cell element.
- the comb probe 4, the copper plate 5, and the DC power supply 6 function as a current injection unit 11.
- the comb probe 4 is fixedly connected to the negative side of the DC power supply 6, and the copper plate 5 is fixedly connected to the positive side of the DC power supply 6.
- the determination unit 13 functions as a determination unit that evaluates defects in the solar cell module 7.
- an image processor is used.
- the software to be used is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved. For example, it is preferable to use software having the following configuration.
- Spectrostable ⁇ Those that can acquire high-sensitivity images (image intensifier cameras), for example, those that can measure emissions when reverse current is applied.
- the following configuration is more preferable. ⁇ Improved that when the data is read with spreadsheet software and converted into an image, the photographed image is rotated 90 degrees. ⁇ Simple switching of binning mode is possible. ⁇ Automatic creation program for histogram of light emission intensity. ⁇ Automatic measurement of length and width of low intensity (dark areas). Automatic detection of one centimeter or more. ⁇ Calculate the average value of the light emission intensity in the selected range. It is preferable that an average value obtained by subtracting the value of the grid portion can also be measured.
- a light emission detector 12 In the dark box 1, a light emission detector 12, a comb probe 4, a copper plate 5, and a solar cell module 7 are installed.
- the light emission detector 12 is installed at a position where the light emission intensity of the solar cell module 7 can be detected.
- the light emission detection unit 12 is provided on the top of the solar cell module 7.
- the light emission detection unit 12 and the determination unit 13 are connected, the light emission detection unit 12 detects the light in the first and second areas, and the result is sent to the determination unit 13.
- the determination unit 13 compares the light emission intensities of the first and second regions with the first threshold value and the second threshold value based on the detection result, respectively, and determines the type of defect present in the solar cell module 7. To do.
- the results of detecting the light in the first and second regions may be sent separately to the determination unit 13 or may be sent simultaneously.
- the light emission intensity of the first region can be compared with a first threshold, and then the light emission intensity of the second region can be compared with a second threshold.
- the reverse is also possible.
- the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region can be compared in parallel with the first threshold value and the second threshold value, respectively.
- the solar cell evaluation device 110 is the same as the evaluation device 10 described above except that it further includes an image generation unit 16.
- the light emission detection unit 12 sends the detected light signals of the first and second regions to the image generation unit 16.
- the image generation unit 16 images (first image) indicating the light emission intensity distribution of the first region and images (second image) indicating the light emission intensity distribution of the second region. Image) and send the data of the first and second images to the determination unit 13.
- a CCD camera or an image intensifier is used as the light detection unit provided in the light emission detection unit 12
- these light detection units not only detect the light in the first and second regions, but also detect it.
- An image can be generated based on the light signal, and the image data can be sent to the determination unit 13.
- these light detection units also function as the image generation unit 16.
- the InGaAs CCD camera 2 functions as the image generation unit 16.
- the determination unit 13 compares the light emission intensities of the first and second regions with the first and second threshold values based on the data of the first and second images, respectively, and the defects existing in the solar cell module 7 Determine the type.
- the results of detecting the light in the first and second regions may be sent separately to the determination unit 13 or may be sent simultaneously.
- the light emission intensity of the first region can be compared with a first threshold, and then the light emission intensity of the second region can be compared with a second threshold.
- the reverse is also possible.
- the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region can be compared in parallel with the first threshold value and the second threshold value, respectively.
- the solar cell evaluation method can be carried out simply and reliably. In this case, there is no need for a large and complicated device as in the conventional evaluation device, and it is possible to accurately detect the defect of the solar cell and evaluate the defect with simple equipment.
- the evaluation device and evaluation method for solar cell elements and solar cell modules have been mainly described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a solar cell panel in which a plurality of solar cell modules are connected is described. Evaluation can also be performed.
- the density and voltage of the applied current, the shape of the probe, and the like can be changed as needed.
- the forward current may be set so as to be a total current corresponding to 1 to 5000 [mA / cm 2 ] per solar cell element.
- the solar cell module may be installed in the vertical direction, and the light emission detection unit 12 in FIG.
- the solar cell evaluation method and evaluation apparatus of the present invention can easily evaluate defects in solar cells without requiring large-scale facilities as compared with conventional solar cell evaluation methods and evaluation apparatuses. Can do.
- the solar cell evaluation method or evaluation apparatus of the present invention does not require, for example, a scanning probe (electron beam, laser), and can perform simple measurement, and does not require a large facility, as compared with the conventional technique. Therefore, it is possible to observe and evaluate in the product state (completed at the manufacturing plant or installed in the structure), etc., for the reason that the solar cell installed in the structure is evaluated. It is possible to construct a business model such as a maintenance method or a maintenance system that periodically performs the above.
- the above-described solar cell evaluation device performs a step of evaluating a defect of a solar cell installed in a structure, and the replacement instruction device is based on the evaluation result of the evaluation device.
- the present invention also includes a maintenance system for executing the maintenance method.
- the maintenance system of the present invention includes the intrinsic defect and / or the extrinsic defect present in the solar cell evaluation device and the solar cell installed in the structure based on the evaluation result of the evaluation device. What is necessary is just to be provided with the replacement
- the method for instructing the solar cell element replacement operator to replace the solar cell element is not particularly limited, and may be performed via a communication network.
- the term “solar cell installed in a structure” means a solar cell already installed in a residential facility such as a house or apartment, or a commercial facility such as a shopping mall or office building. For example, in a solar cell manufacturing factory, solar cells that are being manufactured or have just been manufactured and that are not installed in a structure are excluded.
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram schematically showing an example of the maintenance system according to the present embodiment.
- the maintenance system 100 of the present invention includes an evaluation device 10 and a replacement instruction device 20.
- the evaluation device 10 includes a current injection unit 11, a light emission detection unit 12, and a determination unit 13.
- an evaluation device 110 (not shown) including the current injection unit 11, the light emission detection unit 12, the image generation unit 16, and the determination unit 13 may be used.
- the exchange instruction device 20 is connected to the exchange operator's terminal 40 via the communication network 30.
- the communication network 30 and / or the exchange operator's terminal 40 may be included in the maintenance system, or may use any external network or any terminal.
- the current injection unit 11, the light emission detection unit 12, the image generation unit 16, and the determination unit 13 execute the current injection step, the light emission detection step, the image generation step, and the determination step, respectively.
- the exchange instruction device 20 instructs the exchange operator of the solar cell element to exchange the solar cell element whose performance is lower than a predetermined value via a communication network.
- a communication network For example, communication such as the Internet
- An arithmetic device such as a computer connectable to a line can be used.
- the determination unit 13 and the replacement instruction device 20 are described as separate devices, but it goes without saying that one computer can be used as the determination unit and the replacement instruction device.
- the communication network 30 may be, for example, a dedicated line using a wire or a line such as the Internet. It is also possible to use a mobile phone line or a network using radio.
- the exchange operator terminal 40 may be any terminal that can recognize the exchange instruction from the exchange instruction apparatus 20, and preferably includes a display unit (for example, a display such as a CRT or LCD) or an output unit (for example, a printer). It is suitable.
- a display unit for example, a display such as a CRT or LCD
- an output unit for example, a printer
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a flow of the maintenance system according to the embodiment using the evaluation apparatus 10.
- a site where a defect exists in the solar cell is identified based on the light emission intensity of the first region, and then, based on the light emission intensity of the second region for the identified site. , It is determined whether this defect is an intrinsic defect or an extrinsic defect.
- the current injection unit 11 of the evaluation apparatus 10 performs a current injection process on the solar cell module to be maintained (step 1, hereinafter, step is described as “S”). To do).
- the light emission detection part 12 in the evaluation apparatus 10 detects the light of the 1st area
- the determination unit 13 determines whether the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold based on the detection result of the light emission detection unit 12 (S3).
- the determination unit 13 determines that the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold ("Y")
- the process proceeds to S4.
- the determination unit 13 determines that there is a defect in the portion where the light in the first region is generated, and proceeds to S5.
- the determination unit 13 determines whether or not the light emission intensity of the second region is greater than or equal to the second threshold value for the part determined to have a defect.
- the determination unit 13 determines in S5 that the emission intensity of the light in the second region is less than the second threshold ("N")
- the process proceeds to S8.
- the determination unit 13 determines that there is an extrinsic defect in this part, and transmits this result to the replacement instruction device 20, and proceeds to S9.
- the exchange instruction device 20 informs the exchange operator's terminal 40 of the existence of the solar cell element having the extrinsic defect via the communication network 30 and requests to examine whether or not to exchange it. Then, the process ends.
- FIG. 7 shows another example of the flow of the maintenance system according to the embodiment using the evaluation apparatus 10.
- the defect in the solar cell is intrinsic by comparing the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region simultaneously with the first threshold value and the second threshold value, respectively. It is determined whether it is a defect or an extrinsic defect.
- the current injection unit 11 of the evaluation device 10 performs a current injection process on the solar cell module to be maintained (S11).
- the light emission detection part 12 in the evaluation apparatus 10 detects the light of the 1st area
- the determination unit 13 has the light emission intensity of the first region equal to or lower than the first threshold and the light emission intensity of the second region equal to or higher than the second threshold. It is determined whether or not (S13).
- S ⁇ b> 13 when the determination unit 13 determines that the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold and the light emission intensity of the second region is equal to or higher than the second threshold (“Y”). , The process proceeds to S14.
- the determination unit 13 determines that an intrinsic defect exists in the portion where the light in the first region and the second light are generated, and transmits the result to the replacement instruction device 20, and the process proceeds to S ⁇ b> 15.
- the exchange instruction device 20 informs the exchange operator's terminal 40 of the existence of the solar cell element having the intrinsic defect via the communication network 30 and requests to consider whether or not to exchange it. Then, the process ends.
- the process proceeds to S16. Transition.
- the determination unit 13 determines that the light emission intensity of the first region is less than or equal to the first threshold and the light emission intensity of the second region is less than the second threshold based on the detection result of the light emission detection unit 12. It is determined whether or not there is.
- S ⁇ b> 16 when the determination unit 13 determines that the light emission intensity of the first region is less than or equal to the first threshold and the light emission intensity of the second region is less than the second threshold (“Y”).
- the determination unit 13 determines that an extrinsic defect exists in the portion where the light in the first region and the second light are generated, and transmits the result to the replacement instruction device 20, and the process proceeds to S ⁇ b> 18.
- the exchange instructing device 20 informs the exchange operator's terminal 40 of the existence of the solar cell element having the extrinsic defect via the communication network 30, and requests to examine whether or not to exchange it. Then, the process ends.
- the process is performed as it is.
- the order of S13 to S15 and S16 to S18 is not particularly limited, and S13 to S15 may be performed after S16 to S18 are performed first. Further, S13 to S15 and S16 to S18 may be processed in parallel. In particular, the flow of processing S13 to S15 and S16 to S18 in parallel is more suitable for the case where the evaluation is performed more quickly than the flow of S1 to S9.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a flow of the maintenance system according to the embodiment using the evaluation apparatus 110.
- a site where a defect exists in the solar cell is identified based on the light emission intensity of the first region, and then, based on the light emission intensity of the second region for the identified site. , It is determined whether this defect is an intrinsic defect or an extrinsic defect.
- the current injection unit 11 of the evaluation device 110 performs a current injection process on the solar cell module to be maintained (S101).
- the light emission detection part 12 in the evaluation apparatus 110 detects the light of the 1st area
- the image generation unit 16 performs the first image of the light of the first region. , And second images of light in the second region are generated (S103).
- the determination unit 13 determines whether the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold based on the first image and the second image generated by the image generation unit 16 ( S104). In S104, when the determination unit 13 determines that the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold ("Y"), the process proceeds to S105. In S105, the determination unit 13 determines that there is a defect in the portion where the light in the first region is generated, and the process proceeds to S106. In S ⁇ b> 106, the determination unit 13 determines whether or not the light emission intensity of the second region is greater than or equal to the second threshold value for the part determined to have a defect.
- the process proceeds to S107.
- the determination unit 13 determines that an intrinsic defect exists in this part, transmits this result to the replacement instruction device 20, and proceeds to S108.
- the exchange instruction device 20 informs the exchange operator's terminal 40 of the existence of the solar cell element having the intrinsic defect via the communication network 30 and requests to examine whether or not to exchange it. Then, the process ends.
- the process proceeds to S109.
- the determination unit 13 determines that an extrinsic defect exists in this part, transmits this result to the replacement instruction device 20, and proceeds to S110.
- the exchange instructing device 20 informs the exchange operator's terminal 40 of the presence of the solar cell element having the extrinsic defect via the communication network 30 and requests to examine whether or not to exchange it. Then, the process ends.
- FIG. 9 shows another example of the flow of the maintenance system according to the present embodiment using the evaluation apparatus 110.
- the defects in the solar cell are intrinsic defects by comparing the light emission intensity of the first region and the light emission intensity of the second region simultaneously with the first threshold value and the second threshold value, respectively. Or an extrinsic defect.
- the current injection unit 11 of the evaluation device 110 performs a current injection process on the solar cell module to be maintained (S111).
- the light emission detection part 12 in the evaluation apparatus 110 detects the light of the 1st area
- the image generation unit 16 performs the first image of the light of the first region. , And second images of light in the second region are generated (S113).
- the determination unit 13 is based on the first image and the second image generated by the image generation unit 16, and the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold value, and the second region It is determined whether or not the emission intensity is equal to or higher than the second threshold (S114).
- S ⁇ b> 114 when the determination unit 13 determines that the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold and the light emission intensity of the second region is equal to or higher than the second threshold (“Y”). , The process proceeds to S115.
- the determination unit 13 determines that an intrinsic defect exists in the portion where the light in the first region and the second light are generated, and transmits the result to the replacement instruction device 20, and proceeds to S116.
- the exchange instruction device 20 informs the exchange operator's terminal 40 of the presence of the solar cell element having the intrinsic defect via the communication network 30, and requests to examine whether or not to exchange the solar cell element. Then, the process ends.
- the process proceeds to S117. Transition.
- the determination unit 13 is based on the first image and the second image generated by the image generation unit 16, and the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold, and the second region. It is determined whether or not the emission intensity is less than the second threshold value.
- the determination unit 13 determines that the light emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold value and the light emission intensity of the second region is lower than the second threshold value (“Y”). , The process proceeds to S118.
- the determination unit 13 determines that there is an extrinsic defect in the portion where the light in the first region and the second light are generated, and transmits the result to the replacement instruction device 20, and proceeds to S119.
- the exchange instructing device 20 notifies the exchange operator's terminal 40 of the presence of the solar cell element having the extrinsic defect via the communication network 30, and requests to consider whether or not to exchange it. Then, the process ends.
- the process is performed as it is.
- the order of S114 to S116 and S117 to S119 is not particularly limited, and S114 to S116 may be performed after S117 to S119 are performed first. Further, S114 to S116 and S117 to S119 may be processed in parallel. In particular, the flow for processing S114 to S116 and S117 to S119 in parallel is more suitable for the case where the evaluation is performed more quickly than the flow of S101 to S110.
- the solar cell maintenance method or maintenance system of the present invention it is possible to indicate which of the solar cell elements constituting the solar cell module has a reduced performance and / or reliability. Judgment can be made at a glance using characteristics as an index. For this reason, it is not necessary to replace the entire solar cell module, and it is possible to replace only the solar cell element having a reduced performance, which is extremely efficient. Therefore, the present invention can be used not only for product inspection when manufacturing a solar cell module, but also for a maintenance method that contributes to the popularization of solar cell modules. As described above, the present invention is very useful not only from an industrial utility but also from the viewpoint of the global environment.
- the solar cell maintenance method or maintenance system of the present invention for example, in a state where there is no external light (for example, at night or in a dark room), light from the solar cell element is photographed with a CCD camera, and the photographing is performed. It is also possible to perform maintenance by comparing the density of the subsequent image with predetermined reference data (comparison processing by information processing using a computer or the like). In this case, for example, if the light emission intensity of the first region is reduced and there are portions where the light emission intensity of the second region is increased or decreased at a certain rate, the solar cell element is replaced. It can be determined that it is time.
- the maintenance method and the maintenance system using some examples of the solar cell evaluation apparatus have been described.
- the maintenance method and the maintenance system include various types of solar cells described in this specification.
- a battery evaluation apparatus can be suitably used.
- the evaluation device or the like includes a CPU (central processing unit) that executes instructions of a control program that realizes each function, a ROM (read only memory) that stores the program, and a RAM (random access memory) that expands the program. And a storage device (recording medium) such as a memory for storing the program and various data.
- An object of the present invention is a recording medium in which a program code (execution format program, intermediate code program, source program) of a control program such as an evaluation apparatus that is software that realizes the above-described functions is recorded so as to be readable by a computer. This can also be achieved by supplying the evaluation device or the like and reading and executing the program code recorded on the recording medium by the computer (or CPU or MPU).
- Examples of the recording medium include tapes such as magnetic tapes and cassette tapes, magnetic disks such as floppy (registered trademark) disks / hard disks, and disks including optical disks such as CD-ROM / MO / MD / DVD / CD-R.
- Card system such as IC card, IC card (including memory card) / optical card, or semiconductor memory system such as mask ROM / EPROM / EEPROM / flash ROM.
- the evaluation device or the like may be configured to be connectable to a communication network, and the program code may be supplied via the communication network.
- the communication network is not particularly limited.
- the Internet intranet, extranet, LAN, ISDN, VAN, CATV communication network, virtual private network, telephone line network, mobile communication network, satellite communication. A net or the like is available.
- the transmission medium constituting the communication network is not particularly limited.
- infrared rays such as IrDA and remote control, Bluetooth ( (Registered trademark), 802.11 wireless, HDR, mobile phone network, satellite line, terrestrial digital network, and the like can also be used.
- the present invention can also be realized in the form of a computer data signal embedded in a carrier wave in which the program code is embodied by electronic transmission.
- the solar cell evaluation method and evaluation device and the use thereof when direct current is injected into the solar cell element have been described.
- the evaluation method and evaluation apparatus of a solar cell in the case of injecting a pulse current into a solar cell element, and its use will be described.
- the pulse current By using the pulse current, it is possible to reduce noise caused by disturbing light detected in the light emission detection step using a known method.
- the known method detects the disturbance light and the detection light (that is, the light in the first region or the light in the second region) synchronously, As shown in (b) of FIG. 10, the noise due to the disturbance light is canceled by adding the respective intensities.
- a pulse current is injected into the solar cell element using a conventionally known pulse power source.
- Transient light emission is observed by injecting a pulsed current into the solar cell element.
- the light emission detection step the light in the first region and the light in the second region in the transient light emission are detected.
- the charge trap density (first trap density) in the solar cell element is calculated based on the light emission intensity of the first region in the transient light emission.
- a method for calculating such a trap density is known to those skilled in the art.
- the charge trap density (second trap density) in the solar cell element is calculated based on the light emission intensity of the second region in the transient light emission.
- a first image based on the first trap density and a second image based on the second trap density are generated.
- the “image based on the emission intensity” generated in the image generation step is intended to be an image showing the charge trap density in the solar cell element.
- the intrinsic defect and the extrinsic defect are separated using the first trap density in the first image and the second trap density in the second image as an index.
- the determination step for example, (v) ⁇ a portion that is determined to have a defect when the first trap density is equal to or less than the third threshold, and (vi) ⁇ a portion that has been determined to have a defect in step (v).
- the second trap density is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, it may be determined that the part is an intrinsic defect, and other parts may be determined as extrinsic defects.
- step (vii) determines that the portion where the first trap density is equal to or lower than the third threshold and the second trap density is equal to or higher than the fourth threshold is an intrinsic defect. viii) A part where the first trap density is less than or equal to the third threshold and the second trap density is less than the fourth threshold may be determined as an extrinsic defect.
- the order of the step (vii) and the step (viii) is not particularly limited. After the step (vii) is performed, the step (viii) may be performed or vice versa. Further, the steps (vii) and (viii) may be performed in parallel.
- the “third threshold value” and the “fourth threshold value” in the above steps (v) to (viii) may be different or the same.
- the “third threshold” in step (v) is the same as the “third threshold” in steps (vii) and (viii)
- the “fourth threshold” in step (vi) and (vii) And the case where the “fourth threshold value” in step (viii) is the same.
- the “threshold value” is, for example, specified in advance by using a conventionally known method in a site where an intrinsic defect and / or an extrinsic defect exists in the solar cell element, and the above-described first and The second trap density may be set by quantifying.
- the “third threshold value” is the emission intensity of the transient light emission in the first region generated from the normal part of the solar cell element by injecting the pulse current into the solar cell element in the above-described current injection step.
- a first trap density value based on, or 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of this first trap density. It may be a value.
- the “fourth threshold value” is a transient in the second region generated from a site where an intrinsic defect of the solar cell element exists by injecting a pulse current into the solar cell element in the above-described current injection step.
- the value of the second trap density based on the emission intensity of the light emission may be used, or a value slightly lower than the second trap density, for example, a value of about 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%. There may be.
- the solar cell module manufacturing method includes such a solar cell evaluation method as one step.
- the solar cell evaluation apparatus performs such a solar cell evaluation method, and the description of the ⁇ 2> column described above can be used for other descriptions.
- the solar cell maintenance method uses a solar cell evaluation device, the solar cell maintenance system performs a solar cell maintenance method, and the other description is given in the section ⁇ 3> described above. Can be used.
- the intrinsic defect and the extrinsic defect present in the solar cell element can be distinguished by spectroscopic analysis of light emission by electroluminescence via a specific electronic level.
- This spectroscopic analysis can know the two-dimensional in-plane distribution of the physical mechanism caused by light emission by electroluminescence, so it can grasp the segregation status of specific impurities in addition to the discrimination between intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects. It can also be applied to other things.
- this spectroscopic analysis can also analyze the function of each element in a solar cell module of a composite structure called a tandem type, in which a plurality of solar cell elements are provided.
- the present invention includes the following aspects.
- the solar cell evaluation device of the present invention further includes a first image based on the light emission intensity of the first region and a second light emission based on the light emission intensity of the second region detected by the light emission detection means.
- the image generation means for generating the image of the first image is generated, and the determination means generates the light emission intensity of the first area in the first image and the light emission intensity of the second area in the second image generated by the image generation means. It is preferable to distinguish between intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects using the above as an index.
- the current injection means injects an amount of current corresponding to the photocurrent density generated by light irradiation to the solar cell element.
- the amount of current injected by the current injection means into the solar cell element is j1
- the light emission detection means is light in the first region.
- the light emission detecting means detects the light in the second region, where j1 is the amount of current injected by the current injection means to the solar cell element in order to detect the light in the second region in order to detect the light in the second region.
- the light emission detection means includes a light detection means capable of simultaneously detecting the light in the first area and the light in the second area, and the light in the first area or the second area. It is preferable to detect the light using a band-pass filter that selectively passes either of the lights.
- the light detection means preferably includes a CCD camera or an image intensifier.
- the determination means determines that (i) a defect exists when the emission intensity of the first region is equal to or less than the first threshold, and (ii) a portion determined to have a defect.
- the emission intensity of the second region is equal to or higher than the second threshold value, it is preferable that the part is determined to be an intrinsic defect, and other parts are determined to be extrinsic defects.
- the solar cell element is composed of a silicon semiconductor as a main member.
- the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention further includes a first image based on the light emission intensity of the first region detected in the light emission detection step, and a second image based on the light emission intensity of the second region.
- An image generation step for generating the image of the first region, and the determination step includes the emission intensity of the first region in the first image and the emission of the second region in the second image generated in the image generation step.
- the step is preferably a step of separating intrinsic defects and extrinsic defects using strength as an index.
- the current injected in the current injection step is preferably a direct current.
- the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention it is preferable to inject a current amount corresponding to the photocurrent density generated by light irradiation to the solar cell element in the current injection step.
- the light detection means capable of simultaneously detecting the light in the first region and the light in the second region, and the light in the first region or the second region. It is preferable to detect using a band pass filter that selectively passes either one of the light.
- the light detection means preferably includes a CCD camera or an image intensifier.
- the determination step (i) it is determined that there is a defect when the emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold, and (ii) the defect in the step (i) above. If the emission intensity of the second region is greater than or equal to the second threshold for the part determined to be present, the part is determined to be an intrinsic defect, and the other part is determined to be an extrinsic defect. preferable.
- a part where the emission intensity of the first region is equal to or lower than the first threshold and the emission intensity of the second region is equal to or higher than the second threshold Is determined to be an intrinsic defect, and (iv) a region where the emission intensity of the first region is less than or equal to the first threshold and the emission intensity of the second region is less than the second threshold is It is preferable to determine that it is a mechanical defect.
- the solar cell element is preferably composed of a silicon semiconductor as a main member.
- the solar cell maintenance method of the present invention includes a step in which the solar cell evaluation device of the present invention evaluates a defect of a solar cell installed in a structure, and a replacement instruction device is an evaluation result of the evaluation device. And a step of instructing a solar cell element replacement operator to replace the solar cell element having the intrinsic defect and / or the extrinsic defect.
- the solar cell maintenance system of the present invention is based on the solar cell evaluation device of the present invention and the evaluation result of the evaluation device, and the intrinsic defects and / or the above-described solar cells installed in the structure. And a replacement instruction device for instructing a replacement operator of the solar cell element to replace the solar cell element having an extrinsic defect.
- the manufacturing method of the solar cell module of the present invention is characterized by including the solar cell evaluation method of the present invention as one step.
- the light generated when current was injected in the forward direction was analyzed for a solar cell module having a plurality of solar cell elements made of polycrystalline silicon semiconductor.
- an InGaAs CCD camera manufactured by Xenics, product number XEVA-1.7 series was used to photograph this light.
- light emission intensity (luminescence intensity) and spectral characteristics generated by injecting a current of 40 mA / cm 2 into the solar cell module were analyzed.
- the result is shown in FIG.
- the spectral characteristics were measured using a spectroscope (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, M50) according to the operation manual.
- a broken line in FIG. 11A indicates a wavelength region (wavelength of 200 nm to 1200 nm) of light detected by using the Si CCD camera, and a one-dot chain line indicates light detected by using the InGaAs CCD camera.
- the wavelength region (wavelength 800 nm to 1800 nm) is shown.
- a bandpass filter that selectively transmits light in the wavelength region indicated by the black arrow in FIG. 11A (a bandpass filter with a wavelength of 1100 nm: BROAD BANDPASS FILTER (product number BBP-0910-1170C, manufactured by SPECTROGON)
- BROAD BANDPASS FILTER product number BBP-0910-1170C, manufactured by SPECTROGON
- the emission intensity and spectral characteristics of the light emitted when current was injected into the solar cell module were analyzed using an InGaAs CCD camera equipped with)).
- it was possible to detect light having a strong emission intensity at a wavelength of 845 nm to 1205 nm by mounting an InGaAs CCD camera with a bandpass filter having a wavelength of 1100 nm.
- FIG. 11 are diagrams showing characteristics of a bandpass filter having a wavelength of 1100 nm and a bandpass filter having a wavelength of 1500 nm, respectively.
- a current of 400 mA was injected into the solar cell module for 20 milliseconds, and light emitted from the solar cell module was photographed for 3 seconds using an InGaAs CCD camera through a bandpass filter with a wavelength of 1100 nm. The result is shown in FIG.
- a current of 1000 mA was injected into the solar cell module for 80 milliseconds, and light emitted from the solar cell module was photographed for 20 seconds using an InGaAs CCD camera as an integration time through a bandpass filter having a wavelength of 1500 nm.
- the result is shown in FIG.
- photographed in (a) and (b) of FIG. 12 corresponds.
- FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b) when a current is injected into the solar cell module and light emission at a wavelength of 1100 nm or light emission at a wavelength of 1500 nm generated from the solar cell element is observed, It was found that white to black portions were present. In the figure, the light emission is stronger as the color becomes white, and the light emission is weaker as the color becomes black. The part where the solar cell elements are adjacent to each other is black without emitting light.
- FIG. 12 Next, (a) and (b) of FIG. 12 were enlarged, and the relationship between this light emission and the defect of the solar cell was analyzed in detail.
- (C), (e), and (g) of FIG. 12 are enlarged views of A, B, and C shown in (a) of FIG. 12, respectively, and (d), (f), ( h) is an enlarged view of A ′, B ′, and C ′ shown in FIG.
- the white part (light emitting part) indicated by the white arrow is a normal part having neither an intrinsic defect nor an extrinsic defect. It was found that the black part indicated by the arrow and the white triangle (the part not emitting light) is a part where an intrinsic defect or an extrinsic defect exists.
- the solar cell evaluation method for evaluating defects of the solar cell of the present invention includes not only evaluation of defects, quality inspection, and element material evaluation performed when manufacturing a solar cell module, but also, for example, installed It can also be used for regular maintenance of solar cell modules, and has a wide range of industrial applicability beyond mere inspection equipment.
- Evaluation Device 11 Current Injection Unit (Current Injection Means) 12 Light emission detection unit (light emission detection means) 13 determination unit (determination device, determination means) 16 Image generation unit (image generation means) 20 Exchange instruction device 30 Communication network 100 Maintenance system 110 Evaluation device
Abstract
Description
本発明の太陽電池の評価方法は、太陽電池の欠陥について評価を行うものであって、太陽電池を構成する太陽電池素子に対して、順方向に電流を注入する電流注入工程と、電流注入工程によって太陽電池素子から生じる光のうち、波長800nm~1300nmの第1の領域の光と、波長1400nm~1800nmの第2の領域の光とを検出する発光検出工程と、発光検出工程で検出した第1の領域の光の発光強度と第2の領域の光の発光強度とを指標として、内因的欠陥と外因的欠陥とを分別する判定工程と、を含んでいればよい。
電流注入工程は、太陽電池を構成する太陽電池素子に対して、順方向に電流を注入する工程であればよい。注入される電流は、直流電流であってもよいし、パルス電流であってもよい。以下では直流電流を注入する場合の本発明の太陽電池の評価方法について説明する。
発光検出工程は、電流注入工程によって太陽電池素子から生じる発光のうち、波長800nm~1300nmの第1の領域の光と、波長1400nm~1800nmの第2の領域の光とを検出する工程であればよく、その具体的な方法等は特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知の技術を好適に用いることができる。
判定工程は、発光検出工程で検出した第1の領域の光の発光強度と第2の領域の光の発光強度とを指標として、内因的欠陥と外因的欠陥とを分別する工程であればよい。
また、本発明の太陽電池の評価方法は、さらに、画像生成工程を含んでいてもよい。画像生成工程は、発光検出工程において検出された、第1の領域の光の発光強度に基づく第1の画像、および第2の領域の光の発光強度に基づく第2の画像を生成する工程であればよい。本工程では、上述したように、太陽電池からの発光の様子を画像として取得することができるCCDカメラおよびイメージインテンシファイアー等の光検出器を用いればよい。このような光検出器を用いれば、検出した光の発光強度をデジタル化によって数値化することができる。光検出器は、太陽電池素子からの発光を発光検出工程において検出するために用いることができ、さらに検出した発光の画像を画像生成工程において生成するために用いることができる。
上述したエレクトロルミネッセンスによる発光の分光解析に基づく太陽電池素子の欠陥の分別は、全ての種類の太陽電池素子に応用することができる。すなわち、本発明の太陽電池の評価方法は、結晶性または非結晶性の太陽電池素子、化合物半導体太陽電池素子、色素増感太陽電池素子、または有機太陽電池素子等の任意の太陽電池素子に対して適用することができる。例えば、本発明の太陽電池の評価方法によって評価される対象の太陽電池素子としては、従来公知の半導体材料を主要構成成分とする太陽電池素子であればよく、特に限定されるものではないが、好適にはシリコン半導体を主要構成部材として備えるものが好ましい。また、上記太陽電池素子に用いられるシリコン半導体は、単結晶、多結晶、またはアモルファスのシリコン半導体であることが好ましい。本明細書において「主要構成部材として備える」とは、シリコン半導体を主要な構成部材として備えていれば、その他にどのような部材、部品が設けられていてもよいという意である。
本発明の太陽電池の評価装置は、太陽電池の欠陥について評価を行うものであって、太陽電池を構成する太陽電池素子に対して、順方向に電流を注入する電流注入部(電流注入手段)と、電流注入手段から注入された電流によって太陽電池素子から生じる発光のうち、波長800nm~1300nmの第1の領域の光と、波長1400nm~1800nmの第2の領域の光とを検出する発光検出部(発光検出手段)と、発光検出手段で検出した光のうち、第1の領域の発光強度と第2の領域の発光強度とを指標として、内因的欠陥と外因的欠陥とを分別する判定部(判定手段)と、を備えていればよく、その他の具体的な構成、大きさ、形状等の条件は特に限定されるものではない。
電流注入部は、太陽電池を構成する太陽電池素子に対して、順方向に電流を注入するものであればよく、その具体的な構成等は特に限定されるものではない。すなわち、本電流注入部は、上記<1-1>欄にて説明した「電流注入工程」を実行するものであればよいといえる。例えば、従来公知の定電流源や定電圧源等を用いることができ、直流電流を注入する場合、電流注入部として従来公知の直流電源を用いればよい。なお、以下では直流電流を注入する場合の本発明の太陽電池の評価装置について説明する。
発光検出部は、電流注入部により電流が注入されることによって生じる光のうち、波長800nm~1300nmの第1の領域の光と、波長1400nm~1800nmの第2の領域の光とを検出するものであればよく、その具体的な構成等は特に限定されるものではない。すなわち、本発光検出部は、上記<1-2>欄にて説明した「発光検出工程」を実行するものであればよい。例えば、上述したInGaAs CCDカメラまたはイメージインテンシファイアー等の従来公知の光検出器を好適に用いることができる。
判定部は、発光検出手段で検出した光のうち、第1の領域の発光強度と第2の領域の発光強度とを指標として、内因的欠陥と外因的欠陥とを分別するものであり、その具体的な構成等は特に限定されるものではない。すなわち、本判定部は、上記<1-3>欄にて説明した「判定工程」を実行するものであればよく、例えば、従来公知のコンピュータ等の演算装置を好適に用いることができる。
また、本発明の太陽電池の評価装置は、画像生成部をさらに備えていてもよい。画像生成部は、発光検出部によって検出された、第1の領域の光の発光強度に基づく第1の画像、および第2の領域の光の発光強度に基づく第2の画像を生成するものであり、その具体的な構成等は特に限定されるものではない。すなわち、本画像生成部は、上記<1-4>欄にて説明した「画像生成工程」を実行するものであればよく、例えば、従来公知のCCDカメラおよびイメージインテンシファイアー等の光検出器を好適に用いることができる。
本発明の太陽電池の評価装置の評価対象は、上記方法と同様に、特に限定されるものではなく、半導体製の太陽電池を一般に利用可能であるが、なかでも特にシリコン半導体を主要構成部材として備えるものを対象とすることが好ましい。このようなシリコン半導体を用いた太陽電池素子から生じる第1の領域の光の波長は、800nm~1300nm、好ましくは900nm~1200nm、より好ましくは1000nm~1100nmであり、第2の領域の光の波長は、1400nm~1800nm、好ましくは1500nm~1700nm、より好ましくは1550nm~1650nmである。このため、上記発光検出部は、これらの領域の波長の光を検出できるものであることが好ましい。
図2に基づいて、本発明の太陽電池の評価装置の一実施形態について説明する。同図に示すように、本実施形態に係る太陽電池の評価装置10は、暗箱1、くし型プローブ4、銅板5、直流電源6、発光検出部12、および判定部13を備えている。また、太陽電池モジュール7を評価対象としている。太陽電池モジュール7は、太陽電池素子が複数個連結した構成である。なお、太陽電池モジュール7は、太陽電池モジュールの集合体である太陽電池パネルであってもよい。
・画像の8bit(28=256階調)または16bit(216=65536階調)保存可能なもの。
・太陽電子素子から生じた光を検出(撮影)後、画面上で範囲選択して、輝度プロファイルデータを取得・保存できるもの。
・分光可能なもの。
・高感度画像を取得できるもの(image intensifierカメラ)、例えば、逆方向電流印加時のエミッション測定ができるもの。
・データを表計算ソフトで読み込み、画像とすると、撮影像の90度回転した状態になっている点を改善したもの。
・ビニングモードの簡易な切り替えが可能なもの。
・発光強度のヒストグラムの自動作成プログラム。
・発光強度の弱い部分(暗い部分)の長さや幅の自動測定。1センチ以上のものの自動検出。
・選択範囲の発光強度の平均値算出。グリッド部分の値を差し引いた平均値も測定できることが好ましい。
上述したように、本発明の太陽電池の評価方法および評価装置は、従来の太陽電池の評価方法や評価装置に比べて、大がかりな設備を要することなく、簡便に太陽電池の欠陥について評価することができる。
11 電流注入部(電流注入手段)
12 発光検出部(発光検出手段)
13 判定部(判定装置、判定手段)
16 画像生成部(画像生成手段)
20 交換指示装置
30 通信ネットワーク
100 メンテナンスシステム
110 評価装置
Claims (22)
- 太陽電池の欠陥について評価を行う太陽電池の評価装置であって、
上記太陽電池を構成する太陽電池素子に対して、順方向に電流を注入する電流注入手段と、
上記電流注入手段から注入された電流によって太陽電池素子から生じる発光のうち、波長800nm~1300nmの第1の領域の光と、波長1400nm~1800nmの第2の領域の光とを検出する発光検出手段と、
上記発光検出手段で検出した光のうち、上記第1の領域の発光強度と第2の領域の発光強度とを指標として、内因的欠陥と外因的欠陥とを分別する判定手段と、を備えていることを特徴とする太陽電池の評価装置。 - さらに、上記発光検出手段によって検出された、第1の領域の光の発光強度に基づく第1の画像、および第2の領域の光の発光強度に基づく第2の画像を生成する画像生成手段を備えており、
上記判定手段は、上記画像生成手段によって生成された、上記第1の画像における上記第1の領域の発光強度と、上記第2の画像における上記第2の領域の発光強度とを指標として、内因的欠陥と外因的欠陥とを分別するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。 - 上記電流注入手段が注入する電流は、直流電流であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。
- 上記電流注入手段は、上記太陽電池素子への光照射によって発生する光電流密度に相当する電流量を注入するものであることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。
- 上記第1の領域の光を検出するために、上記電流注入手段が上記太陽電池素子に対して注入する電流量をj1とし、上記発光検出手段が該第1の領域の光を検出する時間をt1とし、
上記第2の領域の光を検出するために、該電流注入手段が該太陽電池素子に対して注入する電流量をj2として、該発光検出手段が該第2の領域の光を検出する時間をt2すると、
j1 < j2
および/または、
t1 < t2
の関係が満足されることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。 - 上記発光検出手段は、第1の領域の光および第2の領域の光を同時に検出可能な光検出手段と、第1の領域の光または第2の領域の光のどちらかをそれぞれ選択的に通過させるバンドパスフィルタとを用いて検出するものであることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。
- 上記光検出手段は、CCDカメラまたはイメージインテンシファイアーを備えていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。
- 上記判定手段は、
(i) 第1の領域の発光強度が第1の閾値以下の場合に欠陥が存在すると判断し、
(ii) 欠陥が存在すると判断した部位について、第2の領域の発光強度が第2の閾値以上の場合には当該部位が内因的欠陥であると判断し、それ以外の部位を外因的欠陥と判断するものであることを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。 - 上記判定手段は、
(iii) 第1の領域の発光強度が第1の閾値以下であり、かつ第2の領域の発光強度が第2の閾値以上である部位が、内因的欠陥であると判断し、
(iv) 第1の領域の発光強度が第1の閾値以下であり、かつ第2の領域の発光強度が第2の閾値未満である部位が、外因的欠陥であると判断するものであることを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。 - 上記太陽電池素子は、シリコン半導体を主要部材として構成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価装置。
- 太陽電池の欠陥について評価を行う太陽電池の評価方法であって、
上記太陽電池を構成する太陽電池素子に対して、順方向に電流を注入する電流注入工程と、
上記電流注入工程によって太陽電池素子から生じる発光のうち、波長800nm~1300nmの第1の領域の光と、波長1400nm~1800nmの第2の領域の光とを検出する発光検出工程と、
上記発光検出工程で検出した第1の領域の光の発光強度と第2の領域の光の発光強度とを指標として、内因的欠陥と外因的欠陥とを分別する判定工程と、を含んでいることを特徴とする太陽電池の評価方法。 - さらに、上記発光検出工程において検出された、第1の領域の光の発光強度に基づく第1の画像、および第2の領域の光の発光強度に基づく第2の画像を生成する画像生成工程を含んでおり、
上記判定工程は、上記画像生成工程において生成された、上記第1の画像における上記第1の領域の発光強度と、上記第2の画像における上記第2の領域の発光強度とを指標として、内因的欠陥と外因的欠陥とを分別する工程であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の太陽電池の評価方法。 - 上記電流注入工程において注入する電流は、直流電流であることを特徴とする請求項11または12に記載の太陽電池の評価方法。
- 上記電流注入工程において、上記太陽電池素子への光照射によって発生する光電流密度に相当する電流量を注入することを特徴とする請求項11~13の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価方法。
- 上記第1の領域の光を検出するために、上記電流注入工程において上記太陽電池素子に対して注入する電流量をj1とし、上記発光検出工程において該第1の領域の光を検出する時間をt1とし、
上記第2の領域の光を検出するために、該電流注入工程において該太陽電池素子に対して注入する電流量をj2として、該発光検出工程において該第2の領域の光を検出する時間をt2すると、
j1 < j2
および/または、
t1 < t2
の関係が満足されることを特徴とする請求項11~14の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価方法。 - 上記発光検出工程において、第1の領域の光および第2の領域の光を同時に検出可能な光検出手段と、第1の領域の光または第2の領域の光のどちらかをそれぞれ選択的に通過させるバンドパスフィルタとを用いて検出することを特徴とする請求項11~15の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価方法。
- 上記判定工程では、
(i) 第1の領域の発光強度が第1の閾値以下の場合に欠陥が存在すると判断し、
(ii) 上記(i)工程において欠陥が存在すると判断した部位について、第2の領域の発光強度が第2の閾値以上の場合には当該部位が内因的欠陥であると判断し、それ以外の部位を外因的欠陥と判断することを特徴とする請求項11~16の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価方法。 - 上記判定工程では、
(iii) 第1の領域の発光強度が第1の閾値以下であり、かつ第2の領域の発光強度が第2の閾値以上である部位が、内因的欠陥であると判断し、
(iv) 第1の領域の発光強度が第1の閾値以下であり、かつ第2の領域の発光強度が第2の閾値未満である部位が、外因的欠陥であると判断することを特徴とする請求項11~16の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価方法。 - 上記太陽電池素子は、シリコン半導体を主要部材として構成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項11~18の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価方法。
- 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価装置が、構造物に設置されている太陽電池の欠陥について評価を実行する工程と、
交換指示装置が、該評価装置の評価結果に基づき、上記内因的欠陥および/または上記外因的欠陥が存在する太陽電池素子の交換を、太陽電池素子の交換事業者に対して指示する工程と、を含んでいることを特徴とする太陽電池のメンテナンス方法。 - 請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価装置と、
該評価装置の評価結果に基づき、構造物に設置されている太陽電池に存在する、上記内因的欠陥および/または上記外因的欠陥が存在する太陽電池素子の交換を、太陽電池素子の交換事業者に対して指示する交換指示装置と、を備えていることを特徴とする太陽電池のメンテナンスシステム。 - 請求項11~19の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池の評価方法を一工程として含んでいることを特徴とする太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2463672B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
EP2463672A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
US20120126120A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
EP2463672A4 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
JP5413785B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
CN102472791A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
US8698083B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
JPWO2011016441A1 (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
CN102472791B (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
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