WO2011015500A1 - Katalysator für elektrochemische reaktionen - Google Patents
Katalysator für elektrochemische reaktionen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011015500A1 WO2011015500A1 PCT/EP2010/060936 EP2010060936W WO2011015500A1 WO 2011015500 A1 WO2011015500 A1 WO 2011015500A1 EP 2010060936 W EP2010060936 W EP 2010060936W WO 2011015500 A1 WO2011015500 A1 WO 2011015500A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- surface area
- catalyst according
- carbon
- platinum
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
- B01J21/185—Carbon nanotubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/612—Surface area less than 10 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0209—Impregnation involving a reaction between the support and a fluid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a catalyst for use as a heterogeneous catalyst for electrochemical reactions, comprising a support and a catalytically active material. Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of the catalyst.
- platinum group metals or alloy catalysts of the platinum group metals are used.
- alloying component transition metals, for example, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, iron, titanium, copper, ruthenium, palladium, etc., are each used singly or in combination with one or more others.
- Such catalysts are used in particular in fuel cells.
- the catalysts can be used both on the anode side and on the cathode side. In particular, on the cathode side active catalysts must be used, which are also corrosion resistant.
- active catalysts alloy catalysts are generally used. In order to obtain a high catalytic surface, the catalysts are usually supported.
- the carrier used is generally carbon.
- Carbon supports used usually have a high specific surface area which allows a fine distribution of the catalyst nanoparticles.
- the BET surface area is generally above 100 m 2 / g.
- these carbon carriers for example Vulcan XC72 with a BET surface area of about 250 m 2 / g or Ketjen Black EC-300J with a BET surface area of about 850 m 2 / g, however, that they corrode very quickly.
- At potentials of 1, 1 V for 15 hours, in the case of Vulcan XC72 about 60% of the carbon oxidizes to carbon dioxide through oxidation.
- anode and cathodes Due to the currently commonly used support materials that are black, the catalysts prepared and ultimately the electrodes for which the catalysts are used, are black. As a result, anodes and cathodes can not be distinguished visually. This can technologically lead to problems in the construction of fuel cells. Therefore, it is advantageous if the anode and cathode are color-coded.
- a color coding by addition of additional components or a surface post-treatment is described, for example, in WO 2004/091024. The disadvantage, however, is that by the color coding another substance must be added. This may have adverse effects on the activity of the catalyst.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for electrochemical reactions, which has a better corrosion resistance than known from the prior art catalysts.
- a catalyst for use as a heterogeneous catalyst for electrochemical reactions comprising a support and a catalytically active material, wherein the support is a carbon support having a BET surface area of less than 50 m 2 / g.
- a further advantage of the catalyst according to the invention is that, unlike the catalysts known from the prior art, it is not black but has a gray color. This allows color coding of the catalyst alone by using different carriers.
- a catalyst can be used which is supported by a carbon support known from the prior art, since it must be less resistant to corrosion than a cathode catalyst. The catalyst of the invention is then used as the cathode catalyst.
- the ink does not provide an improvement in the performance of the fuel cell but a technological simplification of the discrimination of anode and cathode, which allows, for example, further automation of the manufacturing process or the assembly.
- the BET surface area is usually determined by N 2 adsorption. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to determine the total surface area, for example by iodine adsorption, since the two values are usually very similar.
- the catalyst according to the invention has a BET surface area of less than 50 m 2 / g. Preferably, the BET surface area is in the range of 20 to 30 m 2 / g.
- the graphitic fraction in the carbon black is relatively high.
- graphite has a BET surface area of less than 10 m 2 / g.
- the low surface improves the stability of the carrier against oxidative corrosion. This is particularly important for use as a cathode material.
- the outer surface of the support can be characterized, for example, by the so-called CTAB value.
- the CTAB value is determined by adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
- CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
- the carbon support has a CTAB surface area of less than 50 m 2 / g.
- the CTAB surface area is in the range of 20-30 m 2 / g.
- the catalyst according to the invention preferably has a BET surface area to CTAB surface area ratio in the range from 1 to 1.1.
- a ratio close to 1 characterizes a relatively compact soot with few or very small pores.
- Further characterization of the catalyst can be carried out by the so-called oil number (oil adsorption number, OAN).
- OAN oil adsorption number
- the oil number is determined, for example, by adsorption of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Alternatively, the adsorption of paraffin oil is possible.
- the oil number indicates a measure of the fluid intake of carbon blacks.
- the oil number is given in ml (DBP) / 100 g (soot).
- the liquid absorption of the carbon support is preferably in the range of 100 to 140 ml / 100g.
- the determination of the liquid absorption takes place by the adsorption of DBP.
- Another characteristic of the catalyst according to the invention is the extractable by means of toluene, which is a measure of the contamination of the carbon black.
- the toluene-extractable fraction is less than 1%, preferably less than 0.1%.
- the carbon support used for the catalyst according to the invention has a markedly lighter color than the carbon blacks known from the prior art, which are used as supports for electrocatalysts.
- the lighter color makes it easier to distinguish the anode and the cathode, which makes it possible, for example, to automate the production process or the assembly process of a fuel cell.
- Quantification of the color can be done by colorimetric measurements. Remission measurements are carried out for this purpose, for example. In this case, both the unabsorbed light and the light reflected by the carrier are measured as a function of the wavelength, for example between 400 and 900 nm. Alternatively, measurements up to the near-infrared or infrared range are possible.
- Carbon carriers known from the prior art for example DenkaBlack, Vulcan XC72 or Ketjen Black EC-300J or catalysts prepared thereon absorb virtually all the light and the measured reflectance values are below about 2.5%.
- the catalysts according to the invention have a remission value which is greater than 2.5%, preferably greater than 3.5%.
- reflectance values of at least 4% are measured. Usually the values are up to about 5%, but can exceed the 5%.
- Color values and color differences can be determined from the measured remission curves.
- the curve over the wavelength range is integrated in accordance with spectral functions and you get 3 color coordinates that describe the hue and its brightness.
- a commonly used coordinate system is the CIE L * a * b * system.
- L * stands for the brightness.
- Tor shows a much greater value for the brightness than in the known from the prior art catalysts.
- the value of L * for the catalysts known from the prior art is in the range of 32 to 34, whereas the value of the catalysts according to the invention is in the range of 35.3 to 36.5.
- ⁇ L * L * com pL * re f
- ⁇ a * a * C omp-a * ref
- ⁇ b * Where the index comp is the value for the comparison sample and the index ref is the value of the reference. If ⁇ E * has a value greater than 5, this means that the reference sample and the reference have different colors. A value for ⁇ E * of more than 1 means a noticeable color difference, and a value for ⁇ E * of less than 0.5 means that the samples have no or almost no difference in their color.
- the difference between the catalysts known from the prior art and the catalyst according to the invention has a value which corresponds in part to almost a different color.
- the color difference between the prior art catalysts and the catalyst of the present invention is ⁇ E * > 2.
- the value of ⁇ E * is about 3.
- the catalytically active material employed contains a metal of Platinum group, a transition metal or an alloy of these metals.
- the catalytically active material is selected from platinum or palladium or an alloy of these metals or an alloy containing at least one of these metals.
- the catalytically active material is platinum or a platinum-containing alloy.
- Suitable alloying metals are, for example, nickel, cobalt, iron, vanadium, titanium, ruthenium and copper, in particular nickel and cobalt.
- the proportion of the metal of the platinum group in the alloy is preferably in the range of 40 to 80 atomic%, more preferably in the range of 50 to 80 atomic%, and more preferably in the range of 60 to 80 absolute%.
- a carbon black is preferably used as support for the catalyst.
- the carbon black can be produced by any method known to the person skilled in the art. Commonly used carbon blacks are, for example, furnace black, flame black, acetylene black or any other carbon black known to the person skilled in the art.
- the catalyst of the invention is used, for example, as an electrode catalyst, preferably as a cathode catalyst.
- the catalyst is suitable for use as an electrode catalyst, in particular as a cathode catalyst, in a fuel cell.
- the corrosion stability of the carrier was tested in a fuel cell assembly in which only the carrier was installed instead of the catalyst on the cathode side and nitrogen is introduced as a carrier gas instead of the air flow.
- the corrosion of the carrier consists in the reaction of the carbon with the water of the carrier gas to carbon dioxide.
- the reaction rate is generally very slow.
- SHE Standard Hydrogen Electrode
- the release of carbon dioxide is accelerated, especially at high temperatures.
- the fuel cell is operated at a temperature of 180 0 C and a voltage of 1, 1 V.
- the released carbon dioxide is determined and converted to the mass loss of the carrier.
- Vulcan XC72 already loses 7% after one hour, 27% after 5 hours and 57% of its weight after 15 hours by corrosion in the form of carbon dioxide.
- DenkaBlack which is known to be more stable to corrosion, loses 1% after one hour, 3% after 5 hours and 7% of its carbon after 15 hours.
- the carbon black support R1 according to the invention is characterized by a BET surface area of 30 m 2 / g, a CTAB surface area of 29 m 2 / g, an oil number of 121 ml / 100 g and an extractable fraction of 0.04%.
- the carbon black support R1 according to the invention loses only 0.2% of its carbon after one hour, 0.4% after 5 hours and 1.8% after a total time of 15 hours. This means that for corrosion of 1% of the support in the case of Vulcan XC72 minutes, when using DenkaBlack about one hour and when using the Carrier according to the invention about 12 hours (each at an applied voltage of 1, 1 V) needed.
- Table 1 Weight loss of carbon black at 1, 1 V and at 1.2 V
- the platinum catalyst was prepared analogously to the method described in Example 2.
- a total of 24.0 g of carbon black R1 according to the invention, 10.26 g of platinum nitrate and a total of twice the amount of solvent were used in comparison with Example 1 for the batch.
- the platinum loading was 19, 6% and the average crystallite size in the XRD 3.0 nm.
- the nickel alloying was carried out.
- 18.0 g of the platinum catalyst were mixed with 9.70 g of nickel acetylacetonate, placed in a rotary tube and purged under nitrogen for about 30 minutes.
- the Mixture heated to 1 10 0 C under nitrogen and kept for 2 hours at this temperature.
- the gas atmosphere was then switched to forming gas (5 vol.% Hydrogen in nitrogen), the furnace temperature raised to 210 0 C and held for 4 hours. Thereafter, an increase in the temperature to 600 0 C, which was kept for 3 hours.
- the furnace was then purged again with nitrogen and cooled. To remove unalloyed nickel, the catalyst was heated to 90 ° C.
- the metal loadings were 18.2% Pt and 5.0% Ni.
- the average crystallite size in the XRD was 3.4 nm with a lattice constant of 3.742 A.
- the platinum catalyst was prepared according to the method described in Example 2 except that carbon black Vulcan XC72 is used instead of the carbon black R1 according to the invention.
- the platinum loading of the catalyst thus produced on Vulcan XC72 was 27.7% and the average crystallite size in the XRD was 1.9 nm.
- the preparation of the catalyst was also carried out analogously to the method described in Example 2, wherein instead of the inventive carbon black R1 DenkaBlack was used.
- the platinum loading of the catalyst thus prepared was 27.7% and the average crystallite size in the XRD 3.7 nm.
- Measurements using a rotating disk electrode are carried out in 1M HCIO 4 saturated with oxygen.
- the catalyst to be tested is applied to a glassy carbon electrode with an area of 1 cm 2 .
- the loading is about 15 to 20 ⁇ g Pt.
- 5 cycles between 50 and 950 mV are performed against a rever- sible hydrogen electrode at a speed of 5 mV / s and 1600 rpm and evaluated at 900 mV.
- the quotient of the product and the difference of limit diffusion current and kinetic current at 900 mV is formed and normalized to the platinum amount. This results in a mass-specific activity at 900 mV.
- the curve of the oxidized volcano-supported catalyst is shifted by almost 1 mA at 900 mV, or by 30 mV at -1 mA, while the curves of the catalyst supported on the carbon black R1 according to the invention are virtually unchanged. That is, the shift to lower potentials is only 8 mV at -1 mA.
- Standard black is characterized by a virtually complete absorption and also a Vulcan-supported catalyst shows only very low remission values of about 2.5% in the visible range (up to about 750 nm). Inventive catalysts remit significantly more, so the remission value is at least 3.5%, usually about 4 to 4.5% in the visible range.
- color values can be determined which are summarized in Table 2 for catalysts supported with a carbon black according to the invention and for Vulcan XC72-supported catalysts. It turns out that the catalysts supported on the carbon black R1 according to the invention and the carbon black R1 according to the invention have a color difference of at least 2 compared to Vulcan XC72. With pure carbon black and catalysts of 30% by weight and less, the color difference is even about 3.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10737564A EP2461903A1 (de) | 2009-08-03 | 2010-07-28 | Katalysator für elektrochemische reaktionen |
US13/388,803 US20120129686A1 (en) | 2009-08-03 | 2010-07-28 | Catalyst for electrochemical reactions |
JP2012523287A JP5611349B2 (ja) | 2009-08-03 | 2010-07-28 | 電気化学的反応のための触媒 |
CN2010800385184A CN102574104A (zh) | 2009-08-03 | 2010-07-28 | 用于电化学反应的催化剂 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09167063.8 | 2009-08-03 | ||
EP09167063 | 2009-08-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011015500A1 true WO2011015500A1 (de) | 2011-02-10 |
Family
ID=42790973
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2010/060936 WO2011015500A1 (de) | 2009-08-03 | 2010-07-28 | Katalysator für elektrochemische reaktionen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120129686A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2461903A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5611349B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20120039060A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102574104A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011015500A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8986534B2 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2015-03-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method for removing oxygen from a reaction medium |
US9095845B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2015-08-04 | Basf Se | Catalyst support material comprising polyazole salt, electrochemical catalyst, and the preparation of a gas diffusion electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly therefrom |
DE102021210509A1 (de) | 2021-09-22 | 2023-03-23 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine elektrochemische Zelle und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrochemischen Zelle |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9017576B2 (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2015-04-28 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Methods to synthesize NiPt bimetallic nanoparticles by a reversed-phase microemulsion, deposition of NiPt bimetallic nanoparticles on a support, and application of the supported catalyst for CO2 reforming of methane |
CN105340108B (zh) * | 2013-06-21 | 2018-05-29 | 卡博特公司 | 用于锂离子电池的导电性碳 |
US10026970B1 (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2018-07-17 | King Saud University | Oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst |
CA3092887C (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2023-08-01 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Precious metal catalyst briquettes, process for the manufacture and for the incineration thereof |
CN110518263B (zh) * | 2019-08-22 | 2020-10-23 | 浙江大学 | 硫酸钒均相辅助催化的直接肼燃料电池 |
KR20240061082A (ko) | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-08 | 주식회사 넘버제로 | 고양이용 실내 조립식 구조물 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1079452A1 (de) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-02-28 | dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec AG | Elektrokatalysator für Brennstoffzellen |
WO2004091024A1 (en) | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-21 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Catalyst-coated ionomer membranes and membrane-electrode assemblies with components having different colours |
WO2006045606A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Method for manufacture of noble metal alloy catalysts and catalysts prepared therewith |
EP1710014A1 (de) * | 2004-01-27 | 2006-10-11 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Katalysatorträger und brennstoffzelle damit |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2174560T3 (es) * | 1999-08-27 | 2002-11-01 | Degussa | Negro de carbono de horno, procedimiento para su preparacion y su empleo. |
ATE344539T1 (de) * | 1999-08-27 | 2006-11-15 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Elektrokatalysator für brennstoffzellen |
JP2008047472A (ja) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-28 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 電極触媒 |
-
2010
- 2010-07-28 WO PCT/EP2010/060936 patent/WO2011015500A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-07-28 US US13/388,803 patent/US20120129686A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-07-28 JP JP2012523287A patent/JP5611349B2/ja active Active
- 2010-07-28 CN CN2010800385184A patent/CN102574104A/zh active Pending
- 2010-07-28 EP EP10737564A patent/EP2461903A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-07-28 KR KR1020127005523A patent/KR20120039060A/ko not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1079452A1 (de) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-02-28 | dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Cerdec AG | Elektrokatalysator für Brennstoffzellen |
WO2004091024A1 (en) | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-21 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Catalyst-coated ionomer membranes and membrane-electrode assemblies with components having different colours |
EP1710014A1 (de) * | 2004-01-27 | 2006-10-11 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Katalysatorträger und brennstoffzelle damit |
WO2006045606A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Method for manufacture of noble metal alloy catalysts and catalysts prepared therewith |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9095845B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2015-08-04 | Basf Se | Catalyst support material comprising polyazole salt, electrochemical catalyst, and the preparation of a gas diffusion electrode and a membrane-electrode assembly therefrom |
US8986534B2 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2015-03-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method for removing oxygen from a reaction medium |
DE102021210509A1 (de) | 2021-09-22 | 2023-03-23 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine elektrochemische Zelle und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrochemischen Zelle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2013500855A (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
JP5611349B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
EP2461903A1 (de) | 2012-06-13 |
KR20120039060A (ko) | 2012-04-24 |
CN102574104A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
US20120129686A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
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