Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
  • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
  • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
  • H02K1/185—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to outer stators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors

Definitions

• PRIOR ART DE 35 39 851 A1 discloses an electric starter motor for an internal combustion engine which has permanent magnets on the pole housing which enclose an armature shaft with an armature arranged thereon.
• the permanent magnets are fixed in the housing by means of retaining springs, which are arranged between adjacent magnets and have spring arms lying resiliently on one end face of the magnets.
• the permanent magnets are associated with flux guides, which consist of a magnetically highly conductive material and serve to conduct the magnetic flux.
• the retaining springs are additionally fastened with a rivet on the housing in order to absorb the radial forces acting on the flux conducting pieces and to be able to hold the magnets including the flux conducting pieces in the desired position in the housing.
• the permanent magnets including the flux guide pieces, are positioned on the pole housing by means of retaining rings, which secure the permanent magnets and the flux guide pieces radially with respect to the encompassing pole housing.
• Spring tongues which protrude 90 degrees out of the retaining rings, apply the flux guide in the circumferential direction of the magnets.
• the invention is based on the object to form an electric motor with permanent magnet excitation with simple design measures in such a way that the magnets without expensive post-processing, for example by grinding, and the flux guides are securely held on the pole housing.
• the invention relates to an electric motor with permanent magnet excitation, which is used for example as a starter motor for an internal combustion engine.
• the electric motor is designed in particular as an internal rotor motor whose stator encloses an armature shaft with armature.
• the stator comprises a pole housing, on the inside of which the permanent magnets and the flux guide elements are fixed by means of fastening means.
• At least one permanent magnet and at least one associated flux guide are arranged interlocking form fit, wherein the positive engagement in the radial direction and preferably also in the circumferential direction.
• This is realized for example by means of a circumferentially extending projection which is arranged on one of the components and which protrudes into a complementary shaped recess on the other component.
• the projection is arranged on a side surface of the permanent magnet and the recess is introduced into the facing side surface of the flux guide as well as reverse embodiments with a projection on the flux guide and a recess on the permanent magnet.
• the projection and the recess extend in the circumferential direction, so that an undercut between the intermeshing sections and thus a positive connection is provided in the radial direction.
• the side surfaces on which the projection or the recess are formed delimit the respective component in the circumferential direction. Due to the positive connection, it is sufficient in principle to fix only one of the components, that is to say either the permanent magnet or the flux conducting element, with the aid of the fastening means on the pole housing.
• the holding force is transmitted via the form-fit on the not directly acted upon by the fastener component and secures this in position on the inside of the pole housing. It is therefore generally not necessary that the not directly in contact with the fastener component is secured by a further fastener or that both components are held by the same fastener directly in position; nevertheless, these too
• a further advantage of the embodiment according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the side faces of the permanent magnets do not have to be subjected to any or a little post-processing than is the case in the prior art.
• Magnets with parallel side surfaces on the magnets can be used in this form directly in the pole housing.
• the side surfaces undergo reworking, which however may be lower compared to prior art designs. For example, it may be sufficient to grind the side surfaces only over part of their radial extent so that an angle-shaped lateral boundary surface results on the permanent magnet. Due to the angled alignment of the ground part surface, a positive engagement behind the flow guide can be realized, without this requiring an additional space when meshing of the permanent magnet and flux guide.
• the vaulting effect for the retention of the permanent magnets on the inside of the pole housing is utilized by detaching the permanent magnets on the two opposing side faces.
• - A - are supported, wherein on one side a flux guide is arranged. Since the flux guides are subjected to increased, radially inwardly acting forces when switching on the starter motor, an improved mutual support against radial displacement in the direction of the armature shaft is achieved via the positive connection between the flux and adjacent permanent magnet.
• a gap which extends in the radial direction at least over a partial region of the mutually facing side surfaces.
• the gap is used to compensate for manufacturing tolerances of the magnet and / or the flux guide, so that in particular during the manufacture of the magnet can be dispensed with a grinding finishing.
• the gap also reduces the magnetic short circuit through the flux guide.
• the mutually facing side surfaces of permanent magnet and associated flux guide are provided with a geometry in which a radially outer edge of the permanent magnet on the one hand and a radially inner edge of the flux-conducting on the other hand with respect to a radial through the contact area, lying on different sides.
• the contact surface between the permanent magnet and flux guide is at an angle to the radial, whereby a sufficient form-closure is ensured.
• both embodiments come into consideration, in which the radially outer edge of the permanent magnet extends further in the circumferential direction than the radially inner edge of the permanent magnet, as well as embodiments in which the radially outer edge extends less far in the circumferential direction than the radial inner edge on the same side surface, wherein the facing side surface of
• Fluxing element each having a complementary cross-sectional geometry. Also possible are also angular side surface geometries with two mutually angularly arranged partial surfaces both on the side of the permanent magnet and on the side of the flux guide. According to yet another embodiment, in principle a contact surface is also possible, which extends in the radial direction, in which case the positive connection is ensured by at least one circumferentially extending projection on one of the components and a correspondingly executed recess on the other component ,
• the fastening means for holding the permanent magnet and the associated flux guide on the inside of the pole housing is designed as a retaining spring which rests on the pole housing by the vault effect and, for example, via lugs in the pole housing
• the retaining spring preferably has a U-shape, wherein a leg presses in the circumferential direction against the flux-conducting element or against the permanent magnet.
• the retaining spring is associated with exactly one magnetic flux guide combination, wherein optionally also an embodiment of the retaining spring comes into consideration, are secured in the two adjacent permanent magnets including flux-conducting via a common spring.
• a leg of the retaining spring presses either punctiform, linear or planar against the flux guide or the permanent magnet.
• an embodiment of the fastening means as an end-side retaining rings with integral collar, which hold the flux guide and / or the permanent magnet radially in relation to the pole housing in position is also possible.
• the flux guide seen in the radial direction has a constant cross section, regardless of its basic geometry, which may have, for example, a rechteckförmi- ge, a part-circular or an angular cross-sectional area.
• flux-conducting elements which have a changing cross-section in the radial direction, in particular a cross-section which increases radially from the inside to the outside.
• the flux-conducting elements are preferably designed as sheet-metal, bending, stamped or extruded parts. Further advantages and expedient embodiments can be taken from the further claims, the description of the figures and the drawings. Show it: 1 shows a starting device for an internal combustion engine in longitudinal section,
• FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a view of a permanent magnet with a laterally adjoining flux guide, which is formed angularly
• Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment in which the two legs of the angular flux guide are designed asymmetrically
• FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment variant in which the flux guide element has a cross-section which changes in the radial direction
• Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment in which a circumferentially extending projection on the flux guide element protrudes into an associated recess on the side surface of the permanent magnet.
• the same components are provided with the same reference numerals.
• FIG. 1 shows a starting device 10 in a longitudinal section.
• This starting device 10 has, for example, a starter motor 13 and an engagement relay 16.
• the starter motor 13 and the engagement relay 16 are attached to a common drive bearing plate 19.
• the starter motor 13 is functionally to drive a starter pinion 22 when it is meshed in the ring gear 25 of the internal combustion engine, not shown here.
• the starter motor 13 is designed as an electric motor with permanent excitation and has a housing as a pole tube 28 which carries on its inner circumference permanent magnets 31, which are each assigned to flow guide elements.
• the permanent magnets 31 in turn surround an armature 37, which has an armature packet 43 constructed from fins 40 and an armature winding 49 arranged in grooves 46.
• the armature package 43 is pressed onto an armature or drive shaft 44.
• a commutator 52 is attached to the end of the drive shaft 44 facing away from the starting pinion 22, said commutator being connected, inter alia, to individual commutator plates. 55 is built.
• the commutator bars 55 are so electrically connected in a known manner with the armature winding 49, that upon energization of the commutator fins 55 by carbon brushes 58, a rotational movement of the armature 37 in the pole tube 28 results.
• An arranged between the Einspurrelais 16 and the starter motor 13 power supply 61 supplies in the ON state the
• the drive shaft 44 is commutator side supported with a shaft journal 64 in a sliding bearing 67, which in turn is held stationary in a Kommutatorlagerdeckel 70.
• the commutator 70 is in turn secured by means of tie rods 73 which are arranged distributed over the circumference of the pole tube 28 (screws, for example, 2, 3 or 4 pieces) in the drive bearing plate 19. It supports the pole tube 28 on the drive bearing plate 19, and the commutator bearing cover 70 on the pole tube 28.
• sun gear 80 connects to the armature 37, which is part of a planetary gear 83.
• the sun gear 80 is of several
• Planetary wheels 86 surround, usually three planet wheels 86, which are supported by means of roller bearings 89 on journals 92.
• the planet gears 86 roll in a ring gear 95, which is mounted outside in the pole tube 28.
• the planet wheels 86 are adjoined by a planetary carrier 98, in which the axle journals 92 are accommodated.
• the planet carrier 98 is in turn stored in an intermediate storage 101 and a slide bearing 104 arranged therein.
• the intermediate bearing 101 is designed cup-shaped, that in this both the planet carrier 98, and the planet wheels 86 are added.
• the ring gear 95 is arranged in the cup-shaped intermediate bearing 101, which is ultimately closed by a cover 107 relative to the armature 37.
• the intermediate bearing 101 is supported with its outer circumference on the inside of the pole tube 28.
• the armature 37 has on the end facing away from the commutator 52 end of the drive shaft 44 to another shaft journal 1 10, which is also received in a sliding bearing 1 13, from.
• the sliding bearing 1 13 in turn is received in a central bore of the planet carrier 98.
• Planet carrier 98 is integrally connected to the output shaft 1 16.
• This output shaft 1 16 is supported with its end facing away from the intermediate bearing 101 1 19 in a further bearing 122, which is fixed in the drive bearing plate 19, supported.
• the output shaft 1 16 is divided into several sections: Thus, the section which is arranged in the sliding bearing 104 of the intermediate bearing 101 follows
• This shaft-hub connection 128 in this case allows the axially linear sliding of a driver 131.
• This driver 131 is a sleeve-like extension which is integral with a cup-shaped outer ring 132 of the freewheel 137.
• This freewheel 137 (direction of rotation lock) further consists of the inner ring 140, which is arranged radially within the outer ring 132. Between the inner ring 140 and the outer ring 132 clamping body 138 are arranged. These clamp bodies 138, in cooperation with the inner and the wedge tracks of the outer ring, prevent a relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring in a second direction. In other words, the freewheel 137 allows a
• the inner ring 140 is formed integrally with the starter pinion 22 and its helical teeth 143 (external helical teeth).
• the engagement relay 16 has a bolt 150, which is an electrical contact and which is connected to the positive terminal of an electric starter battery, which is not shown here.
• This bolt 150 is passed through a relay cover 153.
• This relay cover 153 terminates a relay housing 156, which is fastened by means of a plurality of fastening elements 159 (screws) on the drive end plate 19.
• a pull-in winding 162 and a so-called holding winding 165 is further arranged.
• the pull-in winding 162 and the holding winding 165 each cause an electromagnetic field in the switched-on state, which both the relay housing 156
• the anchor 168 carries a
• Push rod 174 which is moved in the linear retraction of the armature 168 toward a shift pin 177. With this movement of the push rod 174 to the switching pin 177 this is moved from its rest position in the direction of two contacts 180 and 181, so that attached to the contacts 180 and 181 end of the switching pin 177 contact bridge 184 connects both contacts 180 and 181 electrically. As a result, electrical power is conducted from the bolt 150 across the contact bridge 184 to the power supply 61 and thus to the carbon brushes 58.
• the starter motor 13 is energized.
• the engagement relay 16 or the armature 168 also has the task, with a tension member 187 to move the drive bearing plate 19 rotatably arranged lever.
• This lever 190 usually designed as a fork lever, surrounds with two "tines" not shown here on its outer circumference two discs 193 and 194 to move a trapped between these driver ring 197 for freewheel 137 towards the resistance of the spring 200 and thereby the starter pinion 22 in the toothed rim 25.
• the stator 13 of the starter motor designed as an electric motor is shown in FIG.
• each permanent magnet 31 is assigned in each case a circumferentially immediately adjacent flux guide 300, which consists of a magnetically good conductive material.
• the flux guide 300 is in contact with the associated permanent magnet 31; optionally located between the facing side surfaces of the permanent magnet 31 and flux guide 300, a small production-related air gap.
• Fig. 3 is the positive connection between a permanent magnet
• the permanent magnet 31 is designed mirror-symmetrically with respect to a magnetic center plane and has a part-circular cross-sectional shape, wherein the radial outer side 308 rests directly on the inner wall of the pole housing 28 and the radial inner side 307 has a small radial distance from the armature.
• the magnets circumferentially delimiting side surfaces 303 are each angularly formed and have a radially outer portion 304 and a thereto angularly extending chamfer 305, wherein the sections 304 and 305 are in a press-related angle less than 60 ° to each other.
• a magnetic base 306 is attached.
• the radially outer portions 304 on the two opposite side surfaces of the permanent magnet 31 are parallel to each other.
• the flux guide 300 connects, the cross-sectional geometry of the side surface geometry of Permanent magnet 31 is adjusted.
• the flux guide element 300 has on the side facing the permanent magnet 31 a complementary geometry to the side surface 303 of the permanent magnet. Accordingly, the flux guide element 300 is also formed angularly, wherein the two angle sections are approximately the same length.
• a gap 309 which serves as a tolerance gap in order to compensate for manufacturing tolerances, in particular of the permanent magnet 31.
• the gap 309 does not extend over the entire axial length of the contact area; adjacent to the radial inner side 307 and to the radial outer side 308 of the permanent magnet 31 there is a direct contact between the side surface 303 of the permanent magnet and the flux guide 300.
• a fixing means designed as a retaining spring 301 which acts on the flux-conducting element 300 in the circumferential direction with a holding force.
• One leg of the retaining spring 301 is supported on the inside of the pole housing 28, the other leg of the retaining spring is in line contact with one edge of the flux guide element 300 and applies to the flux guide element 300 in the circumferential direction and with an additional component in the radial direction on the Polgetude out a force.
• the retaining spring 301 is U-shaped, with only one leg 302 being shown for reasons of simplified illustration.
• the retaining spring 301 is symmetrical to the axis 315, which extends in the radial direction.
• the retaining spring is positioned in the pole housing via lugs, not shown.
• the flux guide element 300 and the permanent magnet 31 are positively coupled to one another, as seen in the radial direction, so that the holder of the flow guide element 300 is basically sufficient, via the retaining spring 301, to also guide the
• Permanent magnets 31 in its radial position on the inside of the pole housing 28 to secure. Due to the angular design of the side surfaces of the permanent magnet 31 and the flux guide 300 is in the radial direction a positive connection between these components.
• the radially outer edge 310 of the permanent magnet 31 lies, with respect to a radial 312, through the contact region between the permanent magnet and the flux guide. element on the opposite side to a central edge 313, which is formed at an angle between the two angled portions of the flux guide 300.
• the radial inner edge 311 of the flux-conducting element 300 lies on the opposite side of the radials 312 to the middle edge 314 of the permanent magnet 31 on the side surface 303.
• the two lateral sections 304 and 305 are formed on the side surface 303 of the permanent magnet 31 in each case at least approximately the same length.
• the section 304 extending to the radial outer side 308 is longer than the section 305 facing the radially inner side.
• the section 304 is at least twice as long as the section 305. As in the preceding exemplary embodiment, they are located radially outwards pointing portions 304 on the opposite side surfaces parallel to each other.
• the permanent magnet 31 is provided with a geometry which corresponds to that of FIG. 4.
• the flux guide 301 has, in contrast to the previous embodiment, a changing in the radial direction cross-sectional shape.
• the flux guide element 300 On the side adjacent to the radially inner side 307, the flux guide element 300 has a smaller extent in the circumferential direction than on the side facing the radial outer side 308.
• the ground side surfaces 303 of the permanent magnet 31 are aligned radially and provided with a recess 316, into which a complementarily formed projection 317 on the flux guide element 300 protrudes.
• an air gap 309 may be formed toward the wall of the recess 316.
• the flux guide element 300 has a complementary recess on its wall side opposite the projection 317, which is formed by embossing a sheet of constant thickness, from which the flux guide element is manufactured, in order to emboss the projection 317.
• the flux-guiding element 300 may possibly also have a greater thickness in the circumferential direction. For large thicknesses, a cross section which increases with increasing pitch diameter is advantageous.
• a retaining ring 319 is provided, which is arranged on the radial inner side 307 and the permanent magnet 31 and the flux guide 300 is supported radially. In the circumferential direction, the flux guide element 300 is applied to the magnet 31 by spring tongues (not shown).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
• Dc Machiner (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

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Citations (1)

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• 2009
  • 2009-07-27 DE DE102009028036A patent/DE102009028036A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-07-16 EP EP10737835A patent/EP2460259A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-07-16 US US13/387,457 patent/US8742642B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-07-16 CN CN201080042784.4A patent/CN102549884B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-07-16 WO PCT/EP2010/060353 patent/WO2011012472A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2010-07-16 JP JP2012522096A patent/JP5721715B2/ja active Active

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