Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/12—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
  • F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
  • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
  • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
  • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
  • F23G2206/201—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with an industrial furnace
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
  • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
  • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Definitions

• the invention is directed to a method for producing a plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing
• Plastic waste or waste sorting and treatment plants usually incurred, also from plastic waste, such as those incurred in manufacturing plants and
• wastes may also be provided with numerous impurities, such as inert or metallic portions such as e.g. Aluminum foils, or with organic substances and paper and need not necessarily consist predominantly of plastics. They fall after a first pretreatment usually in crushed form, but the bulk is usually not defined.
• impurities such as inert or metallic portions such as e.g. Aluminum foils, or with organic substances and paper and need not necessarily consist predominantly of plastics. They fall after a first pretreatment usually in crushed form, but the bulk is usually not defined.
• the invention solves this problem by using a plastic-containing organic compound
• the particle size achieved is used to control the firing process in the furnace.
• Plastic-containing starting materials are hereby understood to mean, but not exclusively, what are known as secondary fuels, as obtained in the case of separate waste collection or obtained from waste sorting and treatment plants.
• the particles in this case either foil-like shape, hereinafter referred to as two-dimensional particles, or lumpy forms, as they arise from plastic molded parts, hereinafter referred to as three-dimensional particles, on. You have before the grind
• Coal grinding plants is the case, but it reduces the weights of the particles by spanting three-dimensional particles, the two-dimensional particle or powder arise.
• the experiments have shown that two-dimensional particles are only fiberized and not further comminuted.
• a feedstock which has a substantially lower bulk density
• the bulk density is only one-third to one-fifth of the starting material, which also has a significantly higher surface-to-mass ratio of the particles and an average about ten times lower individual particle mass ,
• Starting material to feed can be between 5 and 50.
• the invention also differs from other plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic-containing plastic
• the starting materials are pelletized in order to optimize the conveying and storage properties, especially to avoid pellet breakage and to achieve a high bulk density.
• a grinding takes place in which the pellets are ground like coal to a fine-grained granules, whereby an ultra-rotor is used for the grinding.
• it is not possible to produce a feedstock with the properties according to the invention, since no two-dimensional particles are formed, but only fine grains or powders which show a different ignition behavior.
• significantly more technical effort must be driven in advance of the grinding.
• the typical combustion behavior of powdered secondary fuels is very different from that of the feedstock according to the invention.
• combustion of powdered fuel always involves the problem of air admixing, especially in the case of staged combustion, as is common practice. Thereafter, it is very complicated to set a suitable flame shape, which is no longer the case with the feedstock according to the invention, which is obtained as a mixture of two-dimensional particles with good burnout and powdery constituents.
• the AT 232830 describes a plant and a process for the fine and ultrafine grinding of thermoplastics, in particular the
• DE 42 00 827 A1 discloses a method and an apparatus for detecting a plastic or rubber from a waste mixture is described, in which also a grinding in a fluidized air mill is made, however, with the aim of rubber and not sorted submitted plastic mixtures of each other as pure as possible separate. Also a Mahltrocknung is described.
• the grinding is supplemented by drying.
• the invention then solves this problem by using a plastic-containing material.
• Feedstock which is obtained by mill-drying of plastic-containing waste using an air vortex mill and hot air for firing, such as a rotary kiln cement kiln during cement clinker production or a power plant.
• plastic waste which are intended for use in a cement kiln, with a grain size ⁇ 50 to 60 mm in one
• Plastic-containing feedstock without further intermediate storage directly into the cement kiln or the power plant to bring. But also a filter in a cyclone filter with
• EP 0 226 900 B1 is described. Of course, similar or similarly built mills can be used in the context of the invention.
• the invention solves the problem also by a method for producing a plastic-containing feedstock in an ultra-rotor, wherein a plastic-containing
• samples of plastic-containing waste before and after grinding were taken using an air vortex mill and investigated in their behavior according to the use, which are referred to below as the starting material and as a feedstock. Both samples were sorted manually and optically divided into fractions of comparable material properties. Furthermore, the combustion times for selected particles of the
• the bulk densities of the samples were determined before sorting.
• the bulk density of the starting material is 63.5 kg / m 3 about 4 times as large as that of the starting material.
• the sample of the 25% heaviest particles forms the critical fraction of the starting materials, whose burning behavior in the cement kiln usually leads to the known limitations in the prior art.
• Table 2 shows the mass fractions of the individual fractions on the sorted sample of the starting material:
• the fractions E and F together have a mass fraction of about 64%, while in the feedstock, the fractions of the films I and J have the largest mass fraction of the sample of the 25% heaviest particles.
• a clear difference can also be seen in the number of particles. This is for the starting material 35 pieces, the number of particles in the sample of the 25% heaviest particles of the feedstock is more than 12 times as large and is 441 pieces.
• Table 3 shows the mass fractions of the individual fractions on the sorted sample of the feedstock:
• the starting material has a significantly higher proportion of films, ie two-dimensional particles, in comparison to the starting material.
• the starting material contains more three-dimensional plastic particles, which have only a weight fraction of less than 10% in the starting material.
• the fractions of the starting material and the starting material as listed in Table 2 and Table 3, summarized, while the 5 heaviest particles were selected from the starting material and feedstock with the largest mass fraction of the sorted samples.
• the combustion times were not determined since the mass fraction of these fractions was less than 2%.
• the inert fraction D of the starting material was likewise not investigated.
• the single particle reactor used consisted of two segments, which were made of refractory material, and which enclose a particle chamber.
• the upper Operating temperature of this material is 1800 0 C.
• the two segments are channels for the hot gas, for optical access, thermocouples and the introduction of the fuel particle embedded.
• the two segments are surrounded by a steel frame to which is attached a hot gas generator, water cooled sight glass sockets of the optical ports, and a quick charger for introducing the fuel.
• the hot gas generator was a plasma nozzle. In the nozzle, the noble gases argon and helium were heated by an electric arc. In the particle chamber temperatures of up to 1300 0 C can be achieved. As a result, the operating conditions are simulated in a cement kiln.
• a fast charging device is provided for its delivery into the particle chamber.
• the design of the loading device and the channel cross section in the area of. Particle chamber allow a supply of particle sizes up to an edge dimension of 25 mm.
• the detection of the time of entry into the particle chamber is carried out by a in the
• thermocouple The temperature is recorded centrally with the other measuring points on a computer. This temperature signal represents the starting time for the time measurement of the burnout characteristic.
• a digital video camera is installed, with the help of which the particle can be recorded during the experiment. By analyzing the recorded video, it is possible to determine changes in the particle shape and structure as well as the time course of the conversion process.
• the oxygen is preheated by means of an electric heater and fed to the system in front of a catalyst.
• the catalyst is a platinum-doped honeycomb body of silicon carbide, which is also heated with an electrical heating tape from the outside.
• the catalyst connects the particle chamber with a gas measuring cell.
• the gas cell is heated to a temperature of at least 185 0 C.
• the temperatures in the region of the catalyst and the gas measuring cell are measured continuously in the test mode by thermocouples and a temperature sensor of the heating system.
• the length of the gas measuring cell corresponds to an optical path length of one meter.
• the measuring principle of the laser module is based on the principle of single-line spectroscopy.
• a single cross-sensitivity-free absorption line of oxygen is chosen.
• a receiver unit opposite the laser measures the absorption caused by the molecules of oxygen. From the absorption, the gas concentration is calculated.
• the oxygen profile and the temperature measuring points are recorded online and reflect the time course of the fuel conversion. If the time course of the oxygen concentration is known, then the characteristic times associated with ignition and burnout can be determined therefrom. Within the scope of this test series, the combustion times were determined exclusively with the help of the digital video camera. The analysis of the combustion process is carried out by the evaluation of the videos taken during combustion.
• the five heaviest particles of the starting material and the starting material were examined and their reaction times determined.
• the experiments were ⁇ at a temperature of 800 0 C in the particle chamber and a
• Oxygen concentration of 9 vol .-% performed in the process gas.
• plasma gas only argon was used, the relative gas velocity (flow around the
• Figure 1 shows that after a time of 10 seconds already more than 80% of
• Burning rate is reached, thus stabilizing the firing process and increasing the product quality is achieved

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (1)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2009
  • 2009-07-27 DE DE102009034880A patent/DE102009034880A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2010
  • 2010-07-27 RU RU2012106655/03A patent/RU2012106655A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-07-27 WO PCT/DE2010/000880 patent/WO2011012114A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-07-27 EP EP10752271A patent/EP2459932A2/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (6)

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