WO2011012074A1 - 肝癌检测标记物及其检测方法、试剂盒和生物芯片 - Google Patents

肝癌检测标记物及其检测方法、试剂盒和生物芯片 Download PDF

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WO2011012074A1
WO2011012074A1 PCT/CN2010/075505 CN2010075505W WO2011012074A1 WO 2011012074 A1 WO2011012074 A1 WO 2011012074A1 CN 2010075505 W CN2010075505 W CN 2010075505W WO 2011012074 A1 WO2011012074 A1 WO 2011012074A1
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mir
plasma
serum
liver cancer
hsa
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张辰宇
曾科
李海进
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江苏命码生物科技有限公司
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6883Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
    • C12Q1/6886Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
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    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/158Expression markers
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    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/178Oligonucleotides characterized by their use miRNA, siRNA or ncRNA

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  • the invention belongs to the field of biotechnology and relates to the separation, qualitative and quantitative analysis of microRNA molecules in human serum/plasma, and also relates to various clinical indications of liver cancer.
  • the present invention is a method for detecting a stable expression of microRNA in a patient's serum/plasma as a detection marker for liver cancer and a method for detecting the same, a related kit, and a biochip.
  • Liver cancer is currently among the most common tumors in humans, and its incidence is ranked sixth in the world.
  • the annual incidence of the world is 626,000, and its mortality rate ranks third.
  • the annual mortality rate reaches 589,000 worldwide.
  • China's incidence accounts for 55% of the world's total, reaching 367,000, with a mortality rate of 87%.
  • the incidence rate in Asia is higher than in the United States and Western European countries.
  • Early diagnosis and early treatment of liver cancer are important means to prolong life.
  • Liver cancer patients are basically asymptomatic in the early stage, and once they have pains such as liver, they have reached the advanced stage of liver cancer.
  • the treatment of liver cancer mainly includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and Chinese medicine treatment. After the 1980s, there are many new methods for the treatment of liver cancer, such as liver transplantation, and partial ablation of the liver.
  • markers for detecting liver cancer tumors include alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver function tests, r-glutamyltranspeptidase (r-GT) isoenzyme II (r-GTII), and other abnormal coagulation.
  • AFP alpha-fetoprotein
  • r-GT r-glutamyltranspeptidase
  • r-GTII r-glutamyltranspeptidase II
  • DCP Proenzyme
  • AFU fucosidase
  • AAT a-antitrypsin
  • the tiny ribonucleic acid is a non-coding single-stranded small ribonucleic acid molecule of about 19 to 23 nucleotides in length. They are highly conserved in evolution and closely related to many normal physiological activities of animals, such as biological individual development, tissue differentiation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, and are also closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Recent studies have found that the expression levels of several microRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Burkitt lymphoma are downregulated to varying degrees (Lawrie CH, Gal S, Dunlop HM et al. Detection of elevated levels of tumor-associated microRNAs). In serum of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
  • microRNA plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression after transcription, it has the following correlation with disease: First, the change of microRNA may be the cause, because of the inhibitor of disease and Promoting factors may be the target sites of tiny ribonucleic acids.
  • Promoting factors may be the target sites of tiny ribonucleic acids.
  • microRNAs may also be the result of disease, because when diseases (such as When cancer occurs, it can lead to the loss of chromosome fragments, mutations in genes or violent amplification of chromosome fragments. If the tiny ribonucleic acid is located in this change segment, the expression level will change extremely significantly. Therefore, in theory, microRNA molecules can be used as a new class of disease markers, and its specific changes must be related to the development of disease. Simultaneous microRNA can also be used as a potential drug Targets, by inhibiting the up-regulation of microRNAs during disease or over-regulating down-regulated microRNAs, will likely greatly alleviate the occurrence and development of the disease.
  • CN100999765A and CN101298630A are selected as colon cancers occupying the fourth place in the incidence of malignant tumors. It has been found that some microRNA molecules have specific changes during the development of benign polyps of the colon into malignant tumors. This has established a more sensitive and accurate method for early diagnosis of colon cancer by measuring specific changes in microRNAs. However, due to the lack of access to tissue specimens, the widespread use of this method in clinical settings has been limited. Summary of the invention
  • the Applicant will study the blood that can be easily obtained, even in a routine physical examination. Since the blood circulates to all tissues of the body and transports nutrients to the cells and removes waste, the blood can reflect the physiological and pathological conditions of the whole body, and the test results have guiding significance for human health.
  • microribonucleic acid molecules are composed of 19 to 23 nucleotide units, which are structurally specific and relatively stable, they are highly likely to be present in serum/plasma.
  • Zhang Chenyu one of the inventors of the present application, has confirmed that microRNAs are stably present in serum/plasma, and each disease has a specific change pattern (Chen et al: Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a Novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. Cell Res. 2008 Oct; 18 (10): 997).
  • the applicant proposed a specific microRNA as a liver cancer detection marker stably in serum/plasma, and established an in vitro detection of stable presence in serum/plasma.
  • Specific microRNA method for early diagnosis of liver cancer by detecting specific changes in specific microRNAs, disease identification and disease monitoring, recurrence and prognosis, prediction of complications, and further drug efficacy determination and medication Guidelines, individualized treatment, screening of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, and population classification.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a liver cancer marker comprising any one or more of the following microRNAs (Mature microRNAs) stably present and detectable in human serum/plasma (for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 , 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 , 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69 or 70), preferably any two or more:
  • the above serum/plasma may be derived from living bodies, tissues, organs and/or corpses.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the above 70 kinds of markers, which is selected from the group consisting of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).
  • RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
  • Real-time PCR real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction
  • RT-PCR method is a preferred method and includes the following steps:
  • the above Real-time PCR method is another preferred method, including the following steps:
  • the Northern blotting method comprises the following steps:
  • Isotope signal detection such as phosphor screen scanning test results.
  • the above Rase protection assay method includes the following steps:
  • the above Solexa sequencing technology method includes the following steps:
  • the above biochip method includes the following steps:
  • the serum/plasma used in the above methods is derived from the living organism, tissue, organ and/or cadaver of the subject.
  • the present invention can analyze the change trend and change amount of microRNA in serum/plasma of liver cancer patients by the above-mentioned RT-PCR, Real-time PCR, Northern blotting, Rase protection assay, Solexa sequencing technology or biochip, and the like. Correlation with liver cancer. Therefore, the above method for detecting 70 specific microRNAs in serum/plasma of a subject can further evaluate the state of human liver cancer, thereby providing a method for predicting, diagnosing, identifying and/or evaluating liver cancer. It is mainly achieved by detecting 16 specific microRNAs in the serum/plasma of the subject, the so-called breast cancer detection markers.
  • liver cancer markers for the preparation, prediction, diagnosis, identification and/or evaluation of liver cancer agents or tools, including the preparation of corresponding kits and biochips.
  • the present invention provides a microRNA probe combination for detecting a liver cancer marker, that is, a microRNA probe combination for predicting, diagnosing and/or evaluating liver cancer, the probe combination comprising the following nucleotide sequence
  • a microRNA probe combination for detecting a liver cancer marker
  • the probe combination comprising the following nucleotide sequence
  • One or more of the illustrated probes eg, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
  • the probe combination comprising the following nucleotide sequence
  • One or more of the illustrated probes eg, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
  • the probe combination comprising the following nucleotide sequence
  • One or more of the illustrated probes eg, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
  • kits for detecting liver cancer markers that is, prediction, diagnosis, identification and/or evaluation
  • a kit for liver cancer comprising a tool for detecting the above markers.
  • the tool comprises the above-described microribonucleotide probe combination for detecting a liver cancer marker; more preferably, the tool further comprises a DNA polymerase, a mixture of deoxyribonucleotides.
  • a liver cancer diagnostic kit can be prepared by collecting the selected microRNA primers or their corresponding probe sequences related to liver cancer-related changes in a PCR kit (RT-PCR or Real-time PCR).
  • the present invention also provides a biochip for detecting a liver cancer marker, that is, a biochip for predicting, diagnosing, identifying and/or evaluating liver cancer, the biochip comprising an element for detecting the above marker.
  • a biochip for predicting, diagnosing, identifying and/or evaluating liver cancer the biochip comprising an element for detecting the above marker.
  • said element comprises one or more combinations of the aforementioned microRNA probes for detecting liver cancer markers.
  • a serum/plasma microribonucleic acid detection biochip specifically for liver cancer was prepared by using the reverse complement of the microRNA in the selected specific liver cancer-related change as a probe.
  • the evaluation of the liver cancer status of the subject is performed after the test subject is administered the test object.
  • the liver cancer state is specifically used for screening for the prevention and/or treatment of liver cancer activity of the test substance (drug for treating liver cancer); the evaluation of the liver cancer state of the subject is for diagnosing and/or differentially diagnosing the disease of the subject.
  • the evaluation of the liver cancer state of the subject is to evaluate the effectiveness of treating the disease of the subject; the evaluation of the liver cancer state of the subject is to predict the occurrence of liver cancer in the subject, and the liver cancer is specifically liver cancer. Complications and/or recurrence of liver cancer.
  • Serum/plasma microribonucleic acid detection technology serum/plasma microRNA-based biochips and diagnostic kits subtly combine the unique properties of serum/plasma microRNAs with conventional molecular biology detection techniques As one, they can quickly and high-throughput analysis of the composition of microRNA in liver cancer serum/plasma, which is highly clinically applicable. Since changes in the physiological state of organ tissues can cause changes in serum/plasma microribonucleic acid composition, serum/plasma microribonucleic acid can be used as a "disease fingerprint" to achieve early diagnosis of liver cancer.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the selected specific serum/plasma microribonucleic acid is used as a novel liver cancer marker, which has a wide detection spectrum, high sensitivity, low detection cost, convenient material selection, and easy storage of samples (serum/plasma storage at -20 ° C)
  • the advantages of this method can be widely used in related work such as disease screening, and become an effective means for early diagnosis of diseases.
  • Serum/plasma microribonucleic acid as a new disease marker will improve the low specificity and low sensitivity brought about by individual differences that are difficult to overcome with a single marker, significantly improve the clinical detection rate of disease and achieve disease Early diagnosis and treatment.
  • serum/plasma microRNA assays detect a range of disease-related markers that can overcome differences between individual patients (ie, age, gender, race, diet, environment, etc.). This is a major obstacle that cannot be overcome by a single disease marker.
  • the present invention can be further applied to the early diagnosis of liver cancer.
  • This new serum/plasma liver cancer marker not only provides a material basis for the comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of liver cancer at the molecular level, but also accelerates the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases. progress.
  • serum/plasma microribonucleic acid diagnostic techniques for severe diseases such as cancer will become part of routine physical examination, and microRNA-related gene therapy will be widely used. Application, conquering these diseases is no longer a dream.
  • Figure 1 shows the results of RT-PCR of a portion of microRNAs directly detected in normal human serum.
  • Figure 2 shows the results of RT-PCR for extracting R A from normal human serum and detecting microRNAs therein.
  • Figure 3 shows the results of partially stably expressed microRNAs directly detected in the serum of mice, rats, fetal calves, calves and horses, respectively.
  • Figures 4A to 4B show the difference in expression of microRNA in serum/plasma of patients with diabetes and osteosarcoma from normal subjects. detailed description
  • the cDNA was diluted 1/50, and the diluted cDNA was taken, 0.3 ⁇ 1 Taq enzyme (Takara), 0.2 ⁇ 1 10 ⁇ forward primer, 0.2 ⁇ 1 10 ⁇ universal reverse primer, 1.2 ⁇ 1 25mM MgC12, 1.6 ⁇ 1 2.5 ⁇ each dNTP mixture ( Takara), 2 ⁇ l lOxPCR buffer, 13.5 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 20, 20 ⁇ 1 system for PCR.
  • the reaction conditions of the PCR were: 95 ° C, 5 minutes for 1 cycle ⁇ 95 ° C, 15 seconds, 60 ° C, 1 minute for 40 cycles.
  • the PCR product was subjected to 3% agarose gel electrophoresis, and stained with sputum and observed under an ultraviolet lamp.
  • Figure 1 shows the results of direct RT-PCR of serum from normal human serum. PCR was performed on all of the more than 1,000 microRNA ribosomes, and Figure 1 shows 12 microRNAs. They are blood cell-specific microRNAs miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-223, miR-142-3p miR-142-5p, miR-150, microRNAs miR-l from myocardium and skeletal muscle, miR-133a, miR-206, microRNAs miR-9, miR-124a from brain tissue, and microRNA miRNA miR-122a from the liver.
  • microRNAs are blood cell-specific microRNAs miR-181a, miR-181b, miR-223, miR-142-3p miR-142-5p, miR-150, microRNAs miR-l from myocardium and skeletal muscle, miR-133a, miR-206, microRNAs miR-9, miR-124a from brain tissue, and microRNA miRNA miR-122a from the liver.
  • RA was extracted from normal human serum, and then more than 1000 human microribonucleic acid matures were used for PCR experiments. The results are shown in Fig. 2. The results in Figure 2 are in good agreement with the results in Figure 1.
  • the single PCR product indicates that both methods can detect the expression and abundance of human serum/plasma ribonucleic acid, demonstrating a stable presence in human serum/plasma. Tissue source micro Small RNA.
  • U6 is a snO A with a molecular weight of lOObp, which serves as an internal reference molecule for microRNA experiments.
  • the remaining 12 codes represent blood cell-specific microRNAs miR-181a (181a), miR- 181b ( 181b), miR-223 (223 ), miR-142-3p ( 142-3p) miR-142-5p ( 142-5p), miR-150 ( 150), microRNA from myocardium and skeletal muscle miR -1 (1), miR-133a (133a), miR-206 (206), microRNAs miR-9 (9), miR-124a (124a) from brain tissue, and microRNA miR- from liver 122a (122a).
  • mice, rats, fetal calves, calves and horse serum were detected by the same method.
  • MicroRNAs of different tissue origins were also found in mice and rats. Stable expression in fetal bovine, calf and horse serum, the results are shown in Figure 3.
  • Example 2 Real-time PCR experiment of microRNA in serum/plasma
  • Serum samples from osteosarcoma and diabetic patients were selected, and PCR experiments were performed using more than one thousand mature human ribonucleic acid matures. The results are shown in Figures 4A and 4B.
  • the ratio of the amount of microRNA in the serum of osteosarcoma and diabetic patients to the amount of normal humans is up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, and the same tissue-derived microribonucleic acid varies in different diseases, indicating that serum/plasma microRNAs are different. There are specific changes in the disease that can serve as a new class of disease diagnostic markers.
  • Example 3 Serum/plasma microribonucleic acid chip for diagnosing liver cancer
  • the chip operation flow is:
  • Hybridization and washing R A was dissolved in 16 L of the hybridization solution (15% formamide; 0.2% SDS; 3xSSC; 50xDenhardt*s solution), and hybridized overnight at 42 °C. After the hybridization, first wash in 0.2% SDS, 2xSSC liquid at 42 °C for 4 minutes, then wash in 0.2XSSC liquid for 4 minutes at room temperature, the slide can be used for scanning after drying.
  • Chip scanning The chip is scanned with a LuxScan lOK/A dual channel laser scanner;
  • a type of serum/plasma microRNA probe that is differentially expressed in liver cancer and normal physiological conditions which is double-verified by quantitative PCR technology and biochip technology, is used for preparing a biochip, and the method is the same as above.
  • the manufacturing process and operation process of the chip are not greatly improved, but the chip simplifies the probe library, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost and production time of the chip, and is easy to prepare. At the same time, it also increases the pertinence and practicality of the chip. Putting this chip into practice requires only the patient's serum/plasma without any other tissue to detect the disease early and help guide diagnosis and treatment.
  • Example 4 Small ribonucleic acid kit for diagnosis and prediction of liver cancer
  • liver cancer The diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer, the prediction of the occurrence and recurrence of disease complications, the evaluation of therapeutic effects, and the preparation and processing of micro-ribonucleic acid kits for the screening of drug active ingredients and efficacy evaluation are based on solexa sequencing technology and biochip technology. .
  • test samples in this example were from a hospital diagnosed as a liver cancer patient and a normal person of the same age and gender (control).
  • liver cirrhosis and liver cancer have many similarities in clinical manifestations, at the same time, many disease detection markers can not distinguish between liver cancer and cirrhosis. Therefore, we also tested cirrhosis.
  • the microRNA in the patient's serum/plasma is used to distinguish between liver cancer and cirrhosis, to differentiate liver cancer and cirrhosis, and to improve the accuracy of liver cancer diagnosis.
  • 26 serum/plasma microRNAs specifically expressed in patients with cirrhosis were found, and the results are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 3 Increased expression in patients with cirrhosis, elevated serum/plasma microRNA in liver cancer patients
  • liver cancer and cirrhosis-related conditions of the subjects such as the progress of liver cancer or cirrhosis of the subject, we also found that the expression level changes in any case of liver cancer or cirrhosis.
  • Serum/plasma microRNA The results are shown in Table 4.
  • serum/plasma microRNAs for diagnostic evaluation of liver cancer.
  • serum/plasma microRNAs include 16 serum/plasma microRNAs specifically expressed in liver cancer patients; 26 serum/plasma microRNAs specifically expressed in patients with cirrhosis; 13 expressions in cirrhosis
  • the amount of serum/plasma microRNA and the 29 kinds of serum/plasma microRNAs whose expression levels are changed in any case where liver cancer or cirrhosis occurs in liver cancer is increased.
  • the serum/plasma microribonucleic acid which can be used for diagnosis and evaluation of liver cancer is prepared into a chip, and the above-mentioned serum/plasma microribonucleic acid can also be detected by a fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR method.
  • the diagnosis of liver cancer is used.
  • the kit includes a batch of reagents such as serum/plasma microribonucleic acid primer, Taq enzyme, dNTP and the like.
  • the above chips and kits can be used for diagnosing and/or identifying liver cancer and evaluating the efficacy of liver cancer treatment drugs, and can also screen the activity of liver cancer treatment drugs; and can also predict liver cancer complications and liver cancer recurrence.

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Description

说明书 肝癌检测标记物及其检测方法、 试剂盒和生物芯片 技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及人血清 /血浆中微小核糖核酸分子的分离、定性和定 量分析, 同时也涉及肝癌的各种临床指征。 具体来说, 本发明是一种利用检测病人血清 /血浆中稳定存在的特点微小核糖核酸作为肝癌的检测标记物以及检测该标记物的方 法,、 相关试剂盒及生物芯片。 通过肝癌病人血清 /血浆中微小核糖核酸的变化, 在体外 诊断肝癌, 判断肝癌发病过程, 预测肝癌并发症的发生和肝癌复发的几率、 以及肝癌的 预后, 并分析药效和疗效。 背景技术
肝癌目前在人类常见的肿瘤当中, 发病率在全世界范围内排在第六位。 每年全世界 的发病是 62.6万, 它的死亡率排在第三位, 在全世界范围内, 每年的死亡率达到 58.9 万。 中国发病人数占全世界的 55%, 达到 36.7万, 死亡率为 87%。 亚洲的发病率高于 美国和西欧国家。 肝癌早期诊断、 及早治疗是延长寿命的重要手段。 肝癌病人早期基本 上无症状,一旦出现诸如肝区疼痛已经到了肝癌晚期。肝癌的治疗方法主要有手术切除、 放疗、化疗以及中医药治疗。 80年代以后有很多新的手段用于肝癌的治疗,比如肝移植, 还有肝脏局部的消融治疗。
目前检测肝癌肿瘤的标记物有甲胎蛋白 (AFP) 的测定, 肝功能检查, r-谷氨酰转 肽酶(r-GT)同工酶 II (r-GTII),其他的还有异常凝血酶原(DCP),岩藻糠苷酶(AFU) ,a- 抗胰蛋白酶 (AAT) 可以辅助肝癌诊断及提示预后。
尽管越来越多的疾病标记物已经被发现并应用于临床疾病的普查、诊断和疗效的监 控, 但是它们的临床应用效果还存在着明显不足。 例如, 肿瘤标记物、 乳酸脱氢酶、 癌 胚抗原等已被广泛应用于临床,但是这些疾病标记物还远远不能满足对癌症早期诊断的 需要, 其主要原因有两个方面: (1 )上述疾病标记物的灵敏度和特异性相对较低, 它们 的检测结果还不能作为疾病确诊的指标; (2)疾病的早期诊断率应与治疗的效果呈现正 相关, 而上述任何一种疾病标记物还难以满足疾病早期诊断的这种要求。 以癌症为例, 由于存在着肿瘤分化类别特异性过强、 肿瘤整体敏感性较低、 送检标本难以反复采取、 标本保存要求条件高等缺陷, 同时价格昂贵, 因此在现有条件下难以广泛推广应用现有 的肿瘤标记物。 而一些传统医学手段, 如组织细胞检测存在着其固有的缺陷, 取材位置 不当、 组织细胞标本材料不足或人为经验不足等都将导致误诊。 其它技术例如影像学虽 然已被广泛应用于疾病的检查和诊断, 但其在疾病程度的定性上仍存在着很大的局限 性。
因此目前非常有必要寻找能够弥补现有标记物的上述缺陷的新型、灵敏并且应用方 便的疾病检测标记物。
微小核糖核酸, 英文名为 micraR A, 是一类长约 19至 23个核苷酸的非编码单链 小核糖核酸分子。 它们在进化上高度保守, 并与动物的许多正常生理活动, 如生物个体 发育、 组织分化、 细胞调亡以及能量代谢等密切相关, 同时也与许多疾病的发生及发展 存在着紧密的联系。 最近的研究发现慢性淋巴细胞性白血病以及 Burkitt淋巴瘤中的几 种微小核糖核酸的表达水平均有不同程度的下调 (Lawrie CH, Gal S, Dunlop HM et al. Detection of elevated levels of tumor-associated microRNAs in serum of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2008; 141 :672-675 ); 分析比较人肺癌、 乳腺癌组织 中的微小核糖核酸表达时,发现有若干组织特异性微小核糖核酸的表达水平相对于正常 组织发生了变化 (Garofalo M, Quintavalle C, Di Leva G et al. MicroRNA signatures of TRAIL resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2008)。也有石开究证明微小 核糖核酸影响了心肌肥厚、 心衰、 动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病的发生和发展, 并且与 Π 型糖尿病等代谢性疾病有密切关联 (Tryndyak VP, Ross SA, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Down-regulation of the microRNAs miR-34a, miR-127, and miR-200b in rat liver during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a methyl-deficient diet. Mol Carcinog. 2008 Oct 21 )。 这些 实验结果提示微小核糖核酸表达及特异性变化与疾病发生和发展之间存在着必然联系。
由于微小核糖核酸在基因转录后的表达调控中起着超乎想象的重要作用, 因此它与 疾病存在以下的关联性: 首先, 微小核糖核酸的变化可能是病因, 这是因为疾病的抑制 因子以及促进因子都可能是微小核糖核酸的靶位点, 当微小核糖核酸本身先发生了紊乱 表达, 比如本来抑制疾病促进因子的微小核糖核酸表达量降低了, 或者抑制疾病抑制因 子的微小核糖核酸表达量升高了,其最终结果都会导致下游一系列基因表达的变化以及 某些通路的整体紊乱, 进而诱发疾病发生; 其次, 微小核糖核酸的变化也可能是疾病的 结果, 这是因为当疾病 (如癌症)发生时, 会导致染色体片段的丢失、 基因的突变或者 染色体片段的剧烈扩增, 若微小核糖核酸正好位于这一变化区段内, 那么其表达量将发 生极其显著的变化。因此,理论上微小核糖核酸分子完全可以作为一类新的疾病标记物, 它的特异性变化必然与疾病产生发展相关联。同时微小核糖核酸还可以作为潜在的药物 作用靶点, 通过抑制疾病过程中上调的微小核糖核酸或过表达下调的微小核糖核酸, 将 有可能极大地缓解疾病的发生和发展。
国内目前已有以微小核糖核酸作为疾病标记物的相关研究, 如中国专利申请
CN100999765A和 CN101298630A, 它们均选取占恶性肿瘤发病率第 4位的结肠癌作为 研究对象, 经研究发现, 在结肠良性息肉发展成恶性肿瘤期间, 一些微小核糖核酸分子 都存在着特异性变化, 并据此通过测定微小核糖核酸的特异性变化已经建立起一种更敏 感、 更精确的早期确诊结肠癌的方法。 然而由于组织标本的取材不容易使这种方法在临 床上的广泛应用受到了限制。 发明内容
为克服此缺陷, 本申请人将研究目光投向较易获得, 甚至常规体检中就可以收集到 的血液。 由于血液会循环至全身所有组织, 并向细胞输送营养并清除废物, 因此血液能 够反映出整个机体的生理病理状况, 其检测结果对人体健康具有指导意义。 已知血清 / 血浆中存在着多种蛋白, 如总蛋白、 白蛋白、 球蛋白等, 多种脂质, 如 HDL胆固醇、 三甘油脂等, 多种糖质, 色素, 电解质和无机盐, 多种酶, 如淀粉酶、 碱性磷酸酶、 酸 性磷酸酶、 胆素脂酶、 醛縮酶等, 同时还汇集了来自全身组织器官的多种信号分子, 如 细胞因子, 激素等。 目前, 对疾病的诊断仅仅局限于血清 /血浆中的上述生化指标, 尚无 血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸的报道。 人们传统观念中认为血清 /血浆中没有核糖核酸分子, 即使有也会很快被核糖核酸酶降解为小分子片段而检测不到。 但是, 由于微小核糖核酸 分子是 19至 23个核苷酸单元组成, 具有结构上的特殊性和相对稳定性, 它们极有可能 存在于血清 /血浆中。 本申请发明人之一的张辰宇教授的前期研究已经证实, 血清 /血浆 中稳定地存在微小核糖核酸, 且每一种疾病有其特异性的变化图谱 (Chen et al: Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. Cell Res. 2008 Oct; 18 (10):997)。
为寻找肝癌检测标记物并对其进行准确检测, 申请人基于已有的研究成果, 进行了 以下几个方面的研究:
( 1 ) 研究肝癌发病过程中血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸的特异性变化;
(2) 通过用于检测血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸的生物芯片和测序技术测定肝癌血清 / 血浆微小核糖核酸的变化;
(3 ) 将筛选到的在肝癌及正常生理状态下表达差异程度大的一类血清 /血浆微小核 糖核酸分子应用于血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸检测技术,制备应用于肝癌诊断等领域的生物 芯片和诊断试剂盒。
通过上述对血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸与肝癌的相关性的研究, 申请人提出了以血清 / 血浆中稳定存在的特定微小核糖核酸作为肝癌检测标记物,建立一种体外检测血清 /血浆 中稳定存在的特定微小核糖核酸的方法,通过检测特定微小核糖核酸的特异性变化来进 行肝癌的早期诊断, 疾病鉴定和病程监控, 复发及预后、 并发症发生的预测, 同时可以 进一步进行药效判定、 用药指南、 个体化治疗、 中药有效成份筛选、 种群分类等研究。
本发明的首要目的是提供一种肝癌标记物,所述标记物包括以下在人体血清 /血浆中 稳定存在且可检测的微小核糖核酸成熟体 (Mature microRNA) 中的任意一种或一种以 上 (例如 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 13、 14、 15、 16、 17、 18、 19、 20、 23、 24、 25、 26、 27、 28、 29、 30、 31、 32、 33、 34、 35、 36、 37、 38、 39、 40、 41、 42、 43、 44、 45、 46、 47、 48、 49、 50、 51、 52、 53、 54、 55、 56、 57、 58、 59、 60、 61、 62、 63、 64、 65、 66、 67、 68、 69或 70种), 优选任意两种或两种以上:
miR-448 miR-1301、 miR-204 、 miR-320c、 miR-449a、 miR-217、 miR-886-3p miR-455-5p、 miR-199a-5p、 miR-421、 miR-411、 miR-720 miR-411 *、 miR-653、 miR-92a-l *、 miR-935、 miR-514、 miR-23b*、 miR-22*、 miR-625*、 miR-181a*、 miR-760、 miR-339-5p miR-382、 miR-331-3p miR-219-2-3p miR-148a*、 miR-574-3p miR-134、 miR-1246、 miR-338-5p miR-373 miR-450a、 miR-193a-3p miR-195、 miR-29b-2*、 -miR-139-3p miR-221 *、 miR-500*、 miR-142-3p miR-95、 miR-200b、 miR-128、 miR-148a、 miR-215、 miR-30e*、 miR-92a、 miR-183、 miR-9、 miR-129-5p miR-185、 miR-7、 miR-423-5p miR-877 miR-342-3p miR-152、 miR-30c、 miR-196b、 miR-16、 miR-22、 miR-330-3p miR-25、 miR-371-5p miR-29a、 miR-181d、 miR-98、 miR-182、 miR-107、 miR-106b和 miR-499-5p。
上述血清 /血浆可以来源于人体活体、 组织、 器官和 /或尸体。
本发明另一目的是提供一种上述 70种标记物的检测方法, 选自反转录聚合酶链式 反应方法 (RT-PCR)、 实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应方法 (Real-time PCR)、 Northern 印迹杂交方法 (Northern blotting )、 核糖核酸酶保护分析方法 (R ase protection assay )、 Solexa测序技术 ( Solexa sequencing technology) 或生物芯片方法。
上述 RT-PCR方法为优选方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 )提取受试者的血清 /血浆总 R A (例如通过 Trizol试剂提取), 通过 R A逆转录 反应得到 cDNA样品; 或者收集受试者的血清 /血浆样本, 以血清 /血浆作为缓冲液进行 逆转录反应来制备 cDNA样品; 2) 用微小核糖核酸设计引物进行 PCR反应;
3) 进行 PCR产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳;
4) EB染色后在紫外灯下观察结果。
上述 Real-time PCR方法为另一优选方法, 包括以下步骤:
1 )提取受试者的血清 /血浆总 R A (例如通过 Trizol试剂提取), 通过 R A逆转录 反应得到 cDNA样品;或者以受试者血清 /血浆作为缓冲液进行逆转录反应来制备 cDNA 样品;
2) 用微小核糖核酸设计引物;
3) 加入荧光探针进行 PCR反应;
4) 检测并比较血清 /血浆样本相对于正常血清 /血浆中微小核糖核酸的量的变化。 所述 Northern blotting方法包括以下步骤:
1) 提取受试者的血清 /血浆总 R A (例如通过 Trizol试剂提取);
2) 进行变性 PAGE电泳和膜转移实验;
3) 制备同位素标记微小核糖核酸探针;
4) 进行膜杂交反应;
5) 同位素信号检测, 如磷屏扫描检测结果。
上述 R ase protection assay方法包括如下步骤:
1) 进行反义 R A探针的合成, 同位素标记与纯化;
2) 提取受试者的血清 /血浆总 R A (例如通过 Trizol试剂提取);
3) 将提取后的 R A溶解在杂交缓冲液中并加入反义 R A探针进行杂交反应;
4) 加入 RNase消化液进行反应;
5) 进行电泳与放射自显影;
6) 分析结果。
上述 Solexa sequencing technology方法包括如下步骤:
1) 提取受试者血清 /血浆总 R A (例如通过 Trizol试剂提取);
2) 进行 PAGE电泳回收 17-27ntR A分子;
3) 将 adaptor prime酶联在小 R A分子的 3'与 5'端;
4) 进行 RT-PCR反应后进行测序;
5) 数据分析与处理。
上述生物芯片方法包括如下步骤:
1) 将人体血清 /血浆中全部一千多种微小核糖核酸成熟体库点阵并制备生物芯片; 2) 提取受试者血清 /血浆总 R A (例如通过 Trizol试剂提取);
3 ) 通过柱分离来分离微小核糖核酸;
4) 利用 T4 R A连接酶进行微小核糖核酸荧光标记;
5 ) 与生物芯片进行杂交反应;
6) 数据检测与分析。
上述方法中所使用的血清 /血浆来源于受试者活体、 组织、 器官和 /或尸体。
本发明通过上述的 RT-PCR, Real-time PCR, Northern blotting, R ase protection assay, Solexa sequencing technology或生物芯片等方法可以分析肝癌患者血清 /血浆中微小核糖 核酸的变化趋势及变化量, 以及它们与肝癌的相关性。 因此, 以上检测受试者血清 /血浆 中 70种特定微小核糖核酸的方法, 可以进一步评价人体肝癌的状态, 进而可以为人们 提供一种预测、 诊断、 鉴别和 /或评价肝癌的方法, 该方法主要通过检测测受试者血清 / 血浆中 16种特定微小核糖核酸即所谓的乳腺癌检测标记物来实现。
本发明的又一个目的是提供上述肝癌标记物在制备、预测、诊断、鉴别和 /或评价肝 癌的试剂或工具中的用途, 包括制备相应的试剂盒和生物芯片。
本发明提供了一种用于检测肝癌标记物的微小核糖核酸探针组合, 也即预测、 诊断 和 /或评价肝癌的微小核糖核酸探针组合,所述探针组合包括以下核苷酸序列所示的探针 中的一种或多一种以上 (例如 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9、 10、 11、 12、 13、 14、 15、 16、 17、 18、 19、 20、 23、 24、 25、 26、 27、 28、 29、 30、 31、 32、 33、 34、 35、 36、 37、 38、 39、 40、 41、 42、 43、 44、 45、 46、 47、 48、 49、 50、 51、 52、 53、 54、 55、 56、 57、 58、 59、 60、 61、 62、 63、 64、 65、 66、 67、 68、 69或 70种), 优选任意两种或两 种以上:
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hsa-miR-107 TGATAGCCCTGTACAATGCTGCT SEQ ID NO. 69 hsa-miR-106b ATCTGCACTGTCAGCACTTTA SEQ ID NO. 70 本发明还提供了一种用于检测肝癌标记物的试剂盒, 也即预测、诊断、鉴别和 /或评 价肝癌的试剂盒, 该试剂盒包括检测上述标记物的工具。 优选地, 其中所述工具包括上 述用于检测肝癌标记物的微小核糖核酸探针组合; 更优选地, 所述工具还包括 DNA聚 合酶、 脱氧核糖核苷酸混合物。 将筛选出来的与肝癌相关的特异性变化的微小核糖核酸 引物或其相应的探针序列收集到 PCR试剂盒 (RT-PCR或 Real-time PCR) 中即可制备 肝癌诊断试剂盒。
本发明还提供了一种用于检测肝癌标记物的生物芯片, 也即预测、 诊断、 鉴别和 / 或评价肝癌的生物芯片, 该生物芯片包括检测上述标记物的元件。 优选地, 其中所述元 件包括上述用于检测肝癌标记物的微小核糖核酸探针一种或一种以上的组合。将筛选出 来的与肝癌相关的特异性变化的微小核糖核酸的反向互补序列作为探针点在芯片,就制 成了专门针对肝癌的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸检测生物芯片。
具体而言, 在上述任何含有以上 1种到 70种微小核糖核酸标记物的组合、 方法、 试剂盒或生物芯片中,所述评价受试者的肝癌状态为测定受试者给予待测物后的肝癌状 态, 具体用于筛选待测物(用于治疗肝癌的药物)的预防和 /或治疗肝癌的活性; 所述评 价受试者的肝癌状态为诊断和 /或鉴别诊断受试者的疾病;所述评价受试者的肝癌状态为 评价对受试者的疾病进行治疗的有效性;所述评价受试者的肝癌状态为对受试者发生肝 癌进行预测, 所述发生肝癌具体为肝癌并发症的发生和 /或肝癌的复发。
目前对疾病进行临床诊断的传统生物化学及分子生物学技术还比较繁琐和粗糙。近 年来发展起来的有可能用于疾病诊断的新型技术有基因芯片和蛋白质(抗体)芯片技术 等。 基因芯片所测量的 mR A水平变化并不能完全反映真正的蛋白质水平的改变。 因 为蛋白质的生物活性与转录后修饰如糖基化, 磷酸化等密切相关。 并且, 对于许多疾病 检测而言, 基因芯片技术无法检测体液和血液中标记物分子。 蛋白质 (抗体)芯片技术和 蛋白质组学技术也有其局限性。人体内特别是血清 /血浆中含有数以万计的蛋白和多肽片 断, 它们浓度分布广, 明确报道的蛋白很少, 定量化的就更少了。 在这数量庞大的蛋白 质组中找寻与特定疾病有密切关联的蛋白质, 并理解其在组织病变中的作用仍然是一项 极其艰巨的工作, 而且, 缺乏完善的抗体资源将会是制约抗体芯片技术发展的一个瓶颈 问题。 血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸检测技术, 基于血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸的生物芯片和诊 断试剂盒巧妙地将血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸的独特性质和常规分子生物学检测技术结合 为一体,它们可以快速地高通量地分析肝癌血清 /血浆中微小核糖核酸的组成, 临床适用 性极强。由于器官组织的生理状态变化会引起血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸组成的改变, 因此 血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸可以作为"疾病指纹", 实现肝癌的早期诊断。
综上所述, 本发明具有如下优点:
( 1 ) 将筛选出的特定血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸作为新型的肝癌标记物, 具有检出谱 系广、 灵敏度高、 检测成本低、 取材方便、 样本易存放 (血清 /血浆 -20°C存放即可) 等 优点, 该方法可广泛用于疾病普查等相关工作, 成为早期诊断疾病的有效手段。
(2) 血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸作为新的疾病标记物, 将改进单一的标记物所难以克 服的个体差异所带来的低特异性和低灵敏度,显著提高疾病的临床检出率和实现疾病的 早期诊疗。
(3 ) 血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸检测技术的优势在于, 其检测的是一系列疾病相关标 记物, 因而能够克服病人个体之间的差异 (即年龄、 性别、 种族、 饮食和环境等), 而这 正是单一疾病标记物所无法逾越的一个主要障碍。
总之,本发明可以进一步应用于早期确诊肝癌,这种新的血清 /血浆肝癌标记物不仅 为人们在分子水平上全面了解肝癌的机理提供了物质基础,也加速了临床疾病诊断学和 治疗学的进步。基于血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸的优越性, 相信不久的将来, 对重症疾病如 癌症的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸诊断技术将会成为常规体检的一部分,而且微小核糖核酸 相关的基因治疗也会被广泛地应用, 征服这些疾病不再是梦想。 附图说明
图 1显示正常人血清中直接检测到的部分微小核糖核酸的 RT-PCR结果。
图 2显示提取正常人血清中 R A并检测其中微小核糖核酸的 RT-PCR结果。 图 3分别显示小鼠、 大鼠、 胎牛、 小牛和马血清中直接检测到的部分稳定表达的微 小核糖核酸 RT-PCR结果。
图 4A至 4B显示糖尿病及骨肉瘤病人血清 /血浆中的微小核糖核酸与正常人的表达 差异。 具体实施方式
以下, 结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施例。 可以理解的是, 在此描述的特定实施 方式通过举例的方式来表示, 其并不作为对本发明的限制。 在不偏离于本发明范围的情 况下, 本发明的主要特征可以用于各种实施方式。 本领域的技术人员将会意识到或能够 确认, 仅仅使用常规实验, 许多等同物都能应用于本文所描述的特定步骤中。 这些等同 物被认为处在本发明的范围之内, 并且被权利要求所覆盖。 实施例 1 血清 /血浆中微小核糖核酸的 RT-PCR实验
使用 RT-PCR技术发现并证明人和动物血清 /血浆中稳定存在各种微小核糖核酸,而 且其表达量相当丰富。 具体步骤为:
( 1 ) 收集小鼠、 大鼠、 正常人及某些病人的血清 /血浆;
(2)制备 cDNA样品。该操作有两种方案, 一种方案为将 ΙΟμΙ血清 /血浆直接进行 逆转录反应,另一种为使用 Trizol试剂(Invitrogen公司)先提取血清 /血浆总 RNA ( 10ml 血清 /血浆通常能富集约 10μ§左右的 R A), 然后通过 R A逆转录反应得到 cDNA。逆 转录的反应体系包括 4μ1 5 AMV buffer^ 2μ1 10mM each dNTP mixture ( Takara公司)、 0.5μ1 R ase Inhibitor ( Takara公司)、 2μ1 AMV ( Takara公司) 以及 1.5μ1基因特异性反 向引物混和物。 反应步骤为 16°C孵育 15分钟, 42°C反应 1小时, 85 °C孵育 5分钟;
( 3 ) PCR及电泳观察。 将 cDNA按 1/50稀释, 取 Ιμΐ稀释后的 cDNA, 加入 0.3μ1 Taq酶 (Takara公司), 0.2μ1 10μΜ正向引物, 0.2μ1 10μΜ 通用反向引物, 1.2μ1 25mM MgC12, 1.6μ1 2.5ιηΜ each dNTP mixture ( Takara公司), 2μ1 lOxPCR buffer, 13.5μ1Η20, 20μ1体系进行 PCR。 PCR的反应条件是: 95 °C、 5分钟进行 1个循环→ 95 °C、 15秒, 60°C、 1分钟进行 40个循环。 PCR产物取 ΙΟμΙ进行 3%琼脂糖凝胶电泳, ΕΒ染色后在 紫外灯下观察。
具体实验结果见图 1。 图 1 是以取自正常人的血清为研究对象, 将血清直接进行 RT-PCR的实验结果。 选用人全部 1000多种微小核糖核酸成熟体进行 PCR反应, 图 1 为其中的 12 种微小核糖核酸。 它们分别是血细胞特异性的微小核糖核酸 miR-181a、 miR-181b、 miR-223、 miR-142-3p miR-142-5p、 miR-150, 来自心肌及骨骼肌的微小核 糖核酸 miR-l、 miR-133a、 miR-206, 来自脑组织的微小核糖核酸 miR-9、 miR-124a, 以 及来自肝脏的微小核糖核酸 miR-122a。从结果可以看出上述四种组织来源的微小核糖核 酸在血液中都能检测到, 并非全部 1000多种微小核糖核酸成熟体在血清 /血浆中都有高 丰度表达, 有些微小核糖核酸是很微量的, 甚至不能正常检测到。
为了进一步验证血清 /血浆中稳定存在这些微小核糖核酸, 先提取正常人血清中的 R A,然后选用人全部 1000多种微小核糖核酸成熟体进行 PCR实验,结果如图 2所示。 图 2的结果与图 1的结果很吻合, PCR产物单一, 表明这两种实验方法都能检测到人血 清 /血浆微小核糖核酸的表达和丰度, 证明在人血清 /血浆中稳定地存在多种组织来源微 小核糖核酸。
在图 1和图 2中, U6是分子量为 lOObp的 snR A, 作为微小核糖核酸实验的内参 照分子, 其余的 12个代号分别代表血细胞特异性的微小核糖核酸 miR-181a ( 181a), miR-181b ( 181b)、 miR-223 (223 )、 miR-142-3p ( 142-3p) miR-142-5p ( 142-5p)、 miR-150 ( 150),来自心肌及骨骼肌的微小核糖核酸 miR-1 ( 1 )、miR-133a( 133a)、 miR-206(206), 来自脑组织的微小核糖核酸 miR-9 (9)、 miR-124a ( 124a), 以及来自肝脏的微小核糖核 酸 miR-122a ( 122a)。
此外, 用同样的方法检测了小鼠、 大鼠、 胎牛、 小牛和马血清中 1000多种微小核 糖核酸的表达和丰度, 同样发现不同组织来源的微小核糖核酸在小鼠、 大鼠、 胎牛、 小 牛和马血清中有稳定表达, 结果如图 3所示。 实施例 2 血清 /血浆中微小核糖核酸的 real-time PCR实验
为了研究肝癌疾病过程中血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸的特异变化, 进行了血清 /血浆微 小核糖核酸的定量 PCR实验。 定量 PCR实验原理及实验步骤同 RT-PCR—样, 唯一不 同是在 PCR的时候加入了荧光染料 EVA GREEN。仪器使用的是 ABI Prism 7300荧光定 量 PCR仪, 反应条件为 95°C、 5分钟进行 1个循环→ 95°C、 15秒, 60°C、 1分钟进行 40个循环。 数据处理方法为 ΔΔΟΓ法, CT设为反应达到域值时的循环数, 则每个微小 核糖核酸相对于标准内参的表达量可以用方程 2-Δστ表示, 其中 ACT = CT样品 -CT内 参。 将病人血清 /血浆样本与正常人血清 /血浆样本直接进行逆转录反应, 通过定量 PCR 反应比较其中所含微小核糖核酸的量。
选取骨肉瘤及糖尿病病人血清样品, 同时用人全部一千多个微小核糖核酸成熟体进 行 PCR实验。 结果如图 4A和图 4B所示。 骨肉瘤和糖尿病病人血清中微小核糖核酸的 量相对于正常人的量的比值分别有上调和下调,而且同一组织来源微小核糖核酸在不同 疾病中变化程度不同,表明血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸在不同疾病中有特异性变化,它们可 以作为一类新的疾病诊断标记物。 实施例 3 用于诊断肝癌的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸芯片
芯片操作流程为:
( 1 ) 提取血清 /血浆中总 R A, 甲醛变性胶电泳检测总 R A的质量;
(2) 微小核糖核酸的分离: 取 50-100μ§总 R A用 Ambion's miR A Isolation Kit (Cat #. 1560) 分离微小核糖核酸; ( 3 )微小核糖核酸样品的荧光标记: 利用 T4 R A连接酶标记方法进行荧光标记, 然后再用无水乙醇沉淀, 吹干后用于芯片杂交;
(4)杂交与清洗: 将 R A溶于 16 L杂交液中 (15%甲酰胺; 0.2% SDS; 3xSSC; 50xDenhardt*s solution), 于 42°C杂交过夜。 杂交结束后, 先在 42°C左右含 0.2% SDS, 2xSSC的液体中洗 4分钟, 而后在 0.2XSSC液体中室温洗 4分钟, 玻片甩干后即可用于 扫描;
( 5 ) 芯片扫描: 芯片用 LuxScan lOK/A双通道激光扫描仪进行扫描;
( 6) 数据提取及分析: 采用 LuxScat O图像分析软件对芯片图像进行分析, 把图 像信号转化为数字信号, 最后用 SAM分析挑选差异表达基因。
将定量 PCR技术和生物芯片技术双重验证的在肝癌及正常生理状态下差异表达程 度大的一类血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸探针, 用于制备生物芯片, 方法同上。此芯片与传统 芯片相比, 制作工艺和操作流程没有很大改进, 但是此芯片简化了探针库, 由此将大大 减少芯片的制作成本和生产时间, 易于制备。 同时也增加了芯片的针对性和实用性。 将 此芯片投入实践,仅仅需要病人的血清 /血浆而不需要任何其它组织就可以在早期发现疾 病, 帮助指导诊断和治疗。 实施例 4用于肝癌诊断与预测的微小核糖核酸试剂盒
用于肝癌的诊断、 疾病并发症的发生和复发的预测, 疗效评价, 以及药物活性成分 的筛选、药效评价的微小核糖核酸试剂盒的制作工艺和操作流程是基于 solexa测序技术 和生物芯片技术。
本实施例中所有检测样本均来自在医院确诊为肝癌患者及对等年龄和相同性别的 正常人 (对照)。
首先应用 solexa测序技术检测出在肝癌病人中特异性表达的血清 /血浆微小核糖核 酸, 用于肝癌的诊断, 结果如表 1所示。
表 1 肝癌病人中特异性表达的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸
正常人血清 /血浆 肝癌病人血清 /血浆中
编号 名称
中拷贝数 拷贝数
1 hsa-miR-148a* 0 361.92
2 hsa-miR-574-3p 0 250.05
3 hsa-miR-134 0 440.87
4 hsa-miR-342-3p 0 381.66
5 hsa-miR-1246 0 370.69
6 hsa-miR-338-5p 0 778.68
7 hsa-miR-373 0 254.44 8 hsa-miR-450a 0 280.76
9 hsa-miR-193a-3p 0 208.37
10 hsa-miR-195 0 897.12
11 hsa-miR-29b-2* 0 495.72
12 hsa-miR-139-3p 0 458.43
13 hsa-miR-221 * 0 482.56
14 hsa-miR-500* 0 423.33
15 hsa-miR-142-3p 0 690.94
16 hsa-miR-95 0 1022.15 由于肝硬化与肝癌在临床上表现上有很多相同之处, 同时, 目前很多疾病检测标志 物也无法将肝癌和肝硬化进行区分, 因此,我们还检测了肝硬化病人血清 /血浆中的微小 核糖核酸, 用以区分肝癌及肝硬化, 以对肝癌及肝硬化进行鉴别诊断, 增加肝癌诊断的 准确性。 结果发现 26种在肝硬化病人中特异性表达的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸, 结果如 表 2所示。
表 2 肝硬化病人中特异性表达的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸
正常人血清 /血浆 肝硬化病人血清 /血浆 编号 名称
中拷贝数 中拷贝数
17 hsa-miR-448 0 67.8
18 hsa-miR-1301 0 463.92
19 hsa-miR-204 0 211.15
20 hsa-miR-320c 0 570
21 hsa-miR-449a 0 155.67
22 hsa-miR-217 0 217.32
23 hsa-miR-886-3p 0 126.38
24 hsa-miR-455-5p 0 234.27
25 hsa-miR- 199a-5p 0 164.91
26 hsa-miR-421 0 214.38
27 hsa-miR-411 0 191.12
28 hsa-miR-720 0 123.3
29 hsa-miR-411 * 0 208.07
30 hsa-miR-653 0 349.87
31 hsa-miR-92a-l * 0 149.5
32 hsa-miR-935 0 98.64
33 hsa-miR-514 0 537.91
34 hsa-miR-23b* 0 146.42
35 hsa-miR-22* 0 277.45
36 hsa-miR-625* 0 70.9
37 hsa-miR-lSla* 0 152.58
38 hsa-miR-760 0 195.74
39 hsa-miR-339-5p 0 180.33
40 hsa-miR-382 0 110.97 41 hsa-miR-331-3p 0 81.68
42 hsa-miR-219-2-3p 0 92.47 同时, 我们还检测出了在肝硬化状况下表达量升高, 但是在肝癌情况下表达量升高更加 显著的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸, 用于对肝癌及肝硬化的进一步鉴别诊断, 结果如表 3 所示。
表 3 肝硬化病人中表达升高, 肝癌病人中升高更显著的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸
Figure imgf000016_0001
最后, 为了评价受试者的肝癌及肝硬化相关状况, 如受试者肝癌或肝硬化的进展情 况, 我们还发现了在肝癌或肝硬化有任一发生的情况下, 表达量均会发生改变的血清 / 血浆微小核糖核酸。 结果如表 4所示。
综上所述, 我们筛选出了 70种可进行肝癌诊断评估的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸。 这 些血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸包括 16 种在肝癌病人中特异性表达的血清 /血浆微小核糖核 酸; 26种在肝硬化病人中特异性表达的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸; 13种在肝硬化中表达 量升高, 而肝癌中升高更加显著的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸以及 29种在肝癌或肝硬化有 任一发生的情况下, 表达量均会发生改变的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸。
正常人血清 / 肝硬化病人血清 肝癌病人血清 / 编号 名称
血浆中拷贝数 /血浆中拷贝数 血浆中拷贝数
43 hsa-miR-200b 125 516.33 967.32
44 hsa-miR-128 658 1189.87 1537.62
45 hsa-miR-148a 5635 7900 10800 46 hsa-miR-215 4271 7040 9583
47 hsa-miR-30e* 543 964.84 1076.99
48 hsa-miR-92a 549 1294.68 1638.52
49 hsa-miR-183 1337 2472.23 6286.48
50 hsa-miR-9 4 201 2037.73
51 hsa-miR-129-5p 361 630.38 1811.806
52 hsa-miR-185 88 218.86 638.29
53 hsa-miR-7 0 548.69 4093
54 hsa-miR-423-5p 5543 8581.91 17135.39
55 hsa-miR-499-5p 0 107.89 813.77
56 hsa-miR-877 185 63.19 0
57 hsa-miR-152 1088 702.82 353.14
58 hsa-miR-30c 1416 915.52 425.53
59 hsa-miR-196b 494 303.63 32.9
60 hsa-miR-16 489 1196 833.51
61 hsa-miR-22 0 249.68 232.5
62 hsa-miR-330-3p 0 514 245
63 hsa-miR-25 4 573 318
64 hsa-miR-371-5p 107 813 704
65 hsa-miR-29a 1747 3077 3691
66 hsa-miR-181d 0 152 98
67 hsa-miR-98 333 0 2
68 hsa-miR-182 5817 9477 10706
69 hsa-miR-107 411 2524 2792
70 hsa-miR-106b 369 1784 1046 将所述可用于肝癌诊断及评估的血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸制备成芯片, 同时,也可 用荧光实时定量 PCR方法, 检测以上所述血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸, 作为试剂盒, 用 肝癌的诊断。 试剂盒包括一批血清 /血浆微小核糖核酸引物、 Taq酶、 dNTP等试剂。 以上芯片及试剂盒可以用于诊断和 /或鉴别肝癌以及评估肝癌治疗药物的疗效,同时可 于筛选肝癌治疗药物的活性; 还可进行肝癌并发症及肝癌复发的预测。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种肝癌检测标记物, 其特征在于, 所述标记物包括以下在人体血清 /血浆中稳 定存在且可检测的微小核糖核酸成熟体中的任意一种或一种以上:
miR-448 miR-1301、 miR-204 、 miR-320c、 miR-449a、 miR-217 miR-886-3p miR-455-5p、 miR-199a-5p、 miR-421、 miR-411、 miR-720、 miR-411*、 miR-653、 miR-92a-l*、 miR-935、 miR-514、 miR-23b*、 miR-22*、 miR-625*、 miR-181a*、 miR-760、 miR-339-5p miR-382、 miR-331-3p、 miR-219-2-3p、 miR-148a*、 miR-574-3p miR-134、 miR-1246、 miR-338-5p miR-373、 miR-450a、 miR-193a-3p、 miR-195、 miR-29b-2*、 -miR-139-3p miR-221*、 miR-500*、 miR-142-3p miR-95、 miR-200b、 miR-128、 miR-148a miR-215 miR-30e*、 miR-92a、 miR-183、 miR-9、 miR-129-5p、 miR-185、 miR-7、 miR-423-5p、 miR-877 miR-342-3p miR-152、 miR-30c、 miR-196b、 miR-16、 miR-22、 miR-330-3p、 miR-25、 miR-371-5p miR-29a、 miR-181d、 miR-98、 miR-182、 miR-107、 miR-106b和 miR-499-5p。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的肝癌检测标记物, 其特征在于, 所述标记物包括以下在 人体血清 /血浆中稳定存在且可检测的微小核糖核酸成熟体中的任意两种或两种以上: miR-448 miR-1301、 miR-204 、 miR-320c、 miR-449a、 miR-217 miR-886-3p miR-455-5p、 miR-199a-5p、 miR-421、 miR-411、 miR-720、 miR-411*、 miR-653、 miR-92a-l*、 miR-935、 miR-514、 miR-23b*、 miR-22*、 miR-625*、 miR-181a*、 miR-760、 miR-339-5p miR-382、 miR-331-3p、 miR-219-2-3p、 miR-148a*、 miR-574-3p miR-134、 miR-1246、 miR-338-5p miR-373、 miR-450a、 miR-193a-3p、 miR-195、 miR-29b-2*、 -miR-139-3p miR-221*、 miR-500*、 miR-142-3p miR-95、 miR-200b、 miR-128、 miR-148a miR-215 miR-30e*、 miR-92a、 miR-183、 miR-9、 miR-129-5p、 miR-185、 miR-7、 miR-423-5p、 miR-877 miR-342-3p miR-152、 miR-30c、 miR-196b、 miR-16、 miR-22、 miR-330-3p、 miR-25、 miR-371-5p miR-29a、 miR-181d、 miR-98、 miR-182、 miR-107、 miR-106b和 miR-499-5p。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的检测标记物,其特征在于所述血清 /血浆来源于人体活体、 组织、 器官和 /或尸体。
4、 权利要求 1至 3任一项所述的标记物的检测方法, 其特征在于选自反转录聚合 酶链式反应方法、 实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应方法、 Northern印迹杂交方法、 核糖核 酸酶保护分析方法、 Solexa测序技术和生物芯片方法中。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的检测方法, 其特征在于所述反转录聚合酶链式反应方法 包括以下步骤的:
1 ) 提取受试者的血清 /血浆总 RNA, 通过 RNA逆转录反应得到 cDNA样品; 或者以受 试者血清 /血浆作为缓冲液进行逆转录反应来制备 cDNA样品;
2) 用微小核糖核酸设计引物进行 PCR反应;
3) 进行 PCR产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳;
4) EB染色后在紫外灯下观察结果。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的检测方法, 其特征在于所述实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反 应方法包括以下步骤:
1 ) 提取受试者的血清 /血浆总 RNA, 通过 RNA逆转录反应得到 cDNA样品; 或者 以受试者的血清 /血浆样本作为缓冲液进行逆转录反应来制备 cDNA样品;
2) 用微小核糖核酸设计引物;
3) 加入荧光探针进行 PCR反应;
4) 检测并比较血清 /血浆样本相对于正常血清 /血浆中微小核糖核酸的量的变化。
7、 一种预测、 诊断和 /或评价肝癌的方法, 其特征在于所述方法包括检测以下人体 血清 /血浆中稳定存在且可检测的微小核糖核酸成熟体中的任意一种或一种以上:
miR-448 miR-1301、 miR-204 、 miR-320c、 miR-449a、 miR-217 miR-886-3p miR-455-5p、 miR-199a-5p、 miR-421、 miR-411、 miR-720、 miR-411*、 miR-653、 miR-92a-l*、 miR-935、 miR-514、 miR-23b*、 miR-22*、 miR-625*、 miR-181a*、 miR-760、 miR-339-5p miR-382、 miR-331-3p、 miR-219-2-3p、 miR-148a*、 miR-574-3p miR-134、 miR-1246、 miR-338-5p miR-373、 miR-450a、 miR-193a-3p、 miR-195、 miR-29b-2*、 -miR-139-3p miR-221*、 miR-500*、 miR-142-3p miR-95、 miR-200b、 miR-128、 miR-148a miR-215 miR-30e*、 miR-92a、 miR-183、 miR-9、 miR-129-5p、 miR-185、 miR-7、 miR-423-5p、 miR-877 miR-342-3p miR-152、 miR-30c、 miR-196b、 miR-16、 miR-22、 miR-330-3p、 miR-25、 miR-371-5p miR-29a、 miR-181d、 miR-98、 miR-182、 miR-107、 miR-106b和 miR-499-5p。
8、 权利要求 1或 2所述的检测标记物在制备预测、 诊断、 鉴别和 /或评价肝癌的试 剂或工具中的应用。
9、 一种用于检测肝癌检测标记物的微小核糖核酸探针组合, 其特征在于, 所述组 合包括以下探针序列中的一种或一种以上: 61
Figure imgf000020_0001
SS.0/0T0ZN3/X3d i^ozio oz OAV oz
Figure imgf000021_0001
SS.0/0T0ZN3/X3d i^ozio oz OAV miRNA 对应的探针序列 序列编号
hsa-miR-107 TGATAGCCCTGTACAATGCTGCT SEQ ID NO. 69 hsa-miR-106b ATCTGCACTGTCAGCACTTTA SEQ ID NO. 70
10、 一种用于检测肝癌检测标记物的试剂盒, 其特征在于所述试剂盒包含检测权利 要求 1或 2所述的标记物的工具。
11、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于所述工具包括权利要求 9所 述的探针组合。
12、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于所述工具还包括 DNA聚合 酶和 /或脱氧核糖核苷酸混合物。
13、 一种用于检测肝癌检测标记物的生物芯片, 其特征在于所述生物芯片包含检测 权利要求 1或 2中所述的标记物的元件。
14、 根据权利要求 12所述的生物芯片, 其特征在于所述生物芯片的元件包括权利 要求 9所述的探针组合。
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