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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/88—Nitrogen atoms, e.g. allantoin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

Definitions

• Novel compounds for treatment of neurodegeneration associated with diseases such as Alzheimer ' s disease or dementia
• the present invention relates to novel compounds and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, their pharmaceutical compositions, processes for making them and their use as medicaments for treatment and/or prevention of various diseases.
• the invention relates to compounds, which are inhibitors of ⁇ -secretase and hence inhibit the formation of amyloid ⁇ (A ⁇ ) peptides and will be used for treatment and/or prevention of A ⁇ -related pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Downs syndrome and ⁇ -amyloid angiopathy, such as but not limited to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, disorders associated with cognitive impairment, such as but not limited to MCI ("mild cognitive impairment"), Alzheimer's disease, memory loss, attention deficit symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia including dementia of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, pre-senile dementia, senile dementia and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy or cortical basal degeneration.
• AD Alzheimer's disease
• a ⁇ amyloid ⁇ -peptide
• a ⁇ peptide is an integral fragment of the Type I protein APP (A ⁇ amyloid precursor protein), a protein ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. Since soluble A ⁇ can be found in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in the medium from cultured cells, APP has to undergo proteolysis.
• CSF cerebrospinal fluid
• ⁇ -cleavages of APP there are three main cleavages of APP that are relevant to the paleobiology of AD, the so-called ⁇ -, ⁇ -, and ⁇ -cleavages.
• the ⁇ -cleavage which occurs roughly in the middle of the A ⁇ domain in APP is executed by the metalloproteases ADAMlO or ADAM 17 (the latter also known as TACE).
• the ⁇ -cleavage occuring at the N terminus of A ⁇ , is generated by the transmembrane aspartyl protease Beta site APP Cleaving Enzymel (BACEl).
• the ⁇ -cleavage is effected by a multi-subunit aspartyl protease named ⁇ -secretase.
• ADAM 10/ 17 cleavage followed by ⁇ -secretase cleavage results in the release of the soluble p3 peptide, an N-terminally truncated A ⁇ fragment that fails to form amyloid deposits in humans.
• This proteolytic route is commonly referred to as the non-amyloidogenic pathway.
• Consecutive cleavages by BACEl and ⁇ -secretase generates the intact A ⁇ peptide, hence this processing scheme has been termed the amyloidogenic pathway.
• amyloidogenic processing This application focuses on the latter strategy, inhibition or modulation of amyloidogenic processing.
• Amyloidogenic plaques and vascular amyloid angiopathy also characterize the brains of patients with Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome), Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-type (HCHWA-D), and other neurodegenerative disorders. Neurofibrillary tangles also occur in other neurodegenerative disorders including dementia-inducing disorders (Varghese, J., et al, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2003, 46, 4625-4630). ⁇ -amyloid deposits are predominately an aggregate of AB peptide, which in turn is a product of the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP).
• APP amyloid precursor protein
• AB peptide results from the cleavage of APP at the C-terminus by one or more ⁇ - secretases, and at the N-terminus by B-secretase enzyme (BACE), also known as aspartyl protease or Asp2 or Beta site APP Cleaving Enzyme (BACE), as part of the B- amyloidogenic pathway.
• BACE B-secretase enzyme
• BACE activity is correlated directly to the generation of AB peptide from APP (Sinha, et al, Nature, 1999, 402, 537-540), and studies increasingly indicate that the inhibition of BACE inhibits the production of A ⁇ peptide (Roberds, S. L., et al, Human Molecular Genetics, 2001, 10, 1317-1324).
• BACE amyloid- ⁇ -peptide
• Drugs that reduce or block BACE activity should therefore reduce A ⁇ levels and levels of fragments of A ⁇ in the brain, or elsewhere where A ⁇ or fragments thereof deposit, and thus slow the formation of amyloid plaques and the progression of AD or other maladies involving deposition of A ⁇ or fragments thereof.
• BACE is therefore an important candidate for the development of drugs as a treatment and/or prophylaxis of A ⁇ -related pathologies such as Downs syndrome, ⁇ -amyloid angiopathy such as but not limited to cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, disorders associated with cognitive impairment such as but not limited to MCI ("mild cognitive impairment"), Alzheimer Disease, memory loss, attention deficit symptoms associated with Alzheimer disease, neurodegeneration associated with diseases such as Alzheimer disease or dementia including dementia of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, pre-senile dementia, senile dementia and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy or cortical basal degeneration.
• a ⁇ -related pathologies such as Downs syndrome, ⁇ -amyloid angiopathy such as but not limited to cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hereditary cerebral hemorrhage
• disorders associated with cognitive impairment such as but not limited to MCI (“mild cognitive impairment")
• Alzheimer Disease memory loss
• A is selected from Q- ⁇ alkylheteroaryl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 8 cycloalkyl, C 0 ⁇ alkylC 3 . 6 cycloalkenyl, C 0 , 6 alkylC 6 cycloalkynyl or C 0 - 6 alkyl- C3-gheterocyclyl, wherein said A is optionally substituted with one or more R 1 ;
• B is aryl or heteroaryl; wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more R 2 ;
• C is selected from hydrogen, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co.6alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkenyl, Co- ⁇ alkylC ⁇ cycloalkynyl, Co ⁇ alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co-ealkylheterocyclyl, C 0 - 6 alkylOR 4 , C 0 ⁇ alkylCO 2 R 4 , C 0-6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , halogen,
• R 1 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl,
• R 2 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl,
• Co. 6 alkylCOR 4 5 CHO, NO 2 , C 0 - 6 alkylCON(R 4 ) 2 , 0(CO)OR 4 , 0(CO)R 4 , O(CO)N(R 4 ) 2 , NR 4 (CO)OR 4 , C 0-6 alkylNR 4 (CO)R 4 , NR 4 (CO)N(R 4 ) 2 , NR 4 (CO)(CO)R 4 , NR 4 (CO)(CO> N(R 4 ) 2 , C 0-6 alkylSR 4 , C 0 - 6 alkylOSO 2 R 4 , Co -6 alkylS0 3 R 4 , C 0-6 alkylSO 2 R 4 , C 0 .
• R 2 may together with the atoms to which they are attached form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 3 is selected from halogen, NO 2 , CHO, C 0 - 6 alkylCN, C 0-6 alkylOR 4 , C 1-6 haloalkyl, Co. 6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , NR 4 C(O)R 4 , C 0 ⁇ alkylCO 2 R 4 , C 0 .
• Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, and Co- ⁇ alkyUieterocyclyl wherein said C h alky!, C 2 _ 6 alkenyl, C 2 ⁇ alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co- ⁇ ahcylaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheteroaryl, or Co-ealkylhetero- cyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 4 is selected from hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, C 0 - 6alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, C 0-6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkenyl, Co- 6 alkylC 6 cycloalkynyl, C 0 - 6 alkylaryl, CQ- 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocycl
• R 4 may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring optionally being substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 5 is selected from hydrogen, d- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co -6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkenyl, Co.
• R may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring optionally being substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 6 is selected from oxo, halogen, nitro, CN, OR 7 , Ci. 6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylaryl, Co ⁇ alkylheteroaryl, Co -6 alkylC 3-6 cycloalkyl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl, C 1-6 IIaIo- alkyl, OC 2-6 alkylN(R 7 ) 2 , N(R 7 ) 2 , CON(R 7 ) 2 , NR 7 (CO)R 7 , O(CO)C 1 - 6 alkyl, (CO)OC ⁇ alkyl, COR 7 , SON(R 7 ) 2 , (SO 2 )N(R 7 ) 2 , NR 7 SO 2 R 7 , NR 7 SOR 7 , SO 2 R 7 , SOR 7 , (CO)C 1-6 alkyl- N(R 7 ) 2 ,
• ⁇ alkynyl, Co -6 alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl, or Co- 6 alkylC 3-6 cyclo- alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, OR 7 , C 1-6 alkyl, or Ci- ⁇ haloalkyl;
• R 7 is selected from hydrogen, Ct- ⁇ alkyl, d ⁇ haloalkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3 - 6 cyclo- alkyl, C 3 _ 6 cycloalkenyl, C 6 cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl, wherein said C 1 .
• ⁇ alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3 ⁇ cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from hydroxy, cyano, halogen and OCualkyl; or two R 7 may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring being optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from hydroxy, OC 1-3 alkyl, cyano and halogen; as a free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the molecular weight of the compound of formula (I) is more than 300 g/mol. In one embodiment of the present invention, the molecular weight of the compound of formula (I) is less than 600 g/mol.
• A is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C ⁇ alkynyl, C 1-6 alkylaryl, C 1-6 alkylheteroaryl,
• B is aryl or heteroaryl; wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more R 2 ;
• C is selected from hydrogen, C h alky., C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 . 6 cycloalkenyl, Co- ⁇ alkylC ⁇ cycloalkynyl, Co ⁇ alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co-ealkylheterocyclyl, C 0-6 alkylOR 4 , C 0-6 alkylCO 2 R 4 , C 0 - 6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , halogen, Co- 6 alkyl- CN, Co- 6 alkylCOR 4 , CHO, NO 2 , C 0 .
• R 1 is selected from C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3-6 cycloalkyl,
• R 2 is selected from Ci_ 6 alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C ⁇ alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co_ 6 alkyl- C 3-6 cycloalkenyl, C 0 _ 6 alkylC 6 cycloalkynyl, C 0 ⁇ alkylaryl, C 0-6 alkylheteroaryl, Co- 6 alkyl- heterocyclyl, C 0 - 6 alkylCO 2 R 4 , C 0-6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , halogen, C 0 .
• Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C ⁇ alkynyl, Co -6 alkylC 3-6 cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkyl- heteroaryl or Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 3 , or two R 2 may together with the atoms to which they are attached form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 3 is selected from halogen, NO 2 , CHO, C 0 _ 6 alkylCN, C 0 . 6 alkylOR 4 , C 1-6 haloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , NR 4 C(O)R 4 , C 0 ⁇ alkylCO 2 R 4 , C 0 .
• Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, and Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl wherein said C 1-6 alkyl, C ⁇ alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3-6 cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, or Co- 6 alkyl- heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 4 is selected from hydrogen, Cr 6 alkyl, C 1-3 haloalkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co -6 alkylC 3 ⁇ cycloalkenyl, Co.
• R 4 may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring optionally being substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 5 is selected from hydrogen, Ci- 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co-6alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkenyl, Co- ⁇ alkylC ⁇ cycloalkynyl, C 0 - 6 alkylaryl, Co ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl and Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, wherein said Q- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, C 0 - 6 alkylC 3 ⁇ ⁇ cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl or Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 5 may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring optionally being substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R is selected from oxo, halogen, nitro, CN, OR , Ci_ 6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, C 0- ⁇ alkylaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheteroaryl, C 0 . 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, C h alky lheterocyclyl, C 1-6 halo- alkyl, OC 2-6 alkylN(R 7 ) 2 , N(R 7 ) 2 , CON(R 7 ) 2 , NR 7 (CO)R 7 , O(CO)C 1 - 6 alkyl, (CO)OC i.
• A is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, d- ⁇ alkylaryl, Q-ealkylheteroaryl, Co-ealkylCs-scycloalkyl, C 0 ⁇ alkylC 3 .
• B is aryl or heteroaryl; wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more R 2 ;
• C is selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C ⁇ alkynyl, C 0 - 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co- ⁇ alkylCs- ⁇ cycloalkenyl, Co- ⁇ alkylC ⁇ cycloalkynyl, Co ⁇ alkylaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheteroaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl, C 0-6 alkylOR 4 , C 0 - O aIlCyICO 2 R 4 , C 0 - 6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , halogen, C 0-6 alkyl- CN, Co- 6 alkylCOR 4 , CHO, NO 2 , C 0 .
• R 1 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, C 0-6 alkylC 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, Co- ⁇ alkyl- C 3 - 6 cycloalkenyl, Co- 6 alkylC 6 cycloalkynyl, Co- ⁇ alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, C 0 ⁇ alkyl- heterocyclyl, C 0 - 6 alkylCO 2 R 4 , C 0-6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , Co- ⁇ alkylOR 4 , halogen, C 0 .
• R 2 is selected from C 0 - 6 alkyl- Cs- ⁇ cycloalkenyl, Co- 6 alkylC 6 cycloalkynyl, Co- ⁇ alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl, C 0 - 6 alkylCO 2 R 4 , C 0-6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , halogen, C 0 .
• R 3 is selected from halogen, NO 2 , CHO, C 0 . 6 alkylCN, C 0 - 6 alkylOR 4 , C 1-6 haloalkyl, Co-6alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , NR 4 C(O)R 4 , C 0-6 alkylCO 2 R 4 , C 0 .
• Co-6alkylheteroaryl, and Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl wherein said C ⁇ alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 0 - 6 alkylC 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 0 - 6 alkylaryl, C 0 . 6 alkylheteroaryl, or C 0 - 6 alkyl- heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 4 is selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ aUcyl, C 1-3 haloalkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co -6 alkylC 3 ⁇ cycloalkenyl, Co- 6 alkylC 6 cycloalkynyl, Co- 6 alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl, Ci- ⁇ alkylOR 5 , and C !
• R 4 may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring optionally being substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 5 is selected from hydrogen, Cr ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co-6alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 . 6 cycloalkenyl, Co -6 alkylC 6 cycloalkynyl, Co- 6 alkylaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl and Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl, wherein said Cr ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, C 0 - 6 alkyl- C 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl or Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ; R 6 is selected from oxo, halogen, nitro, CN, OR 7 , Ci -6 alkyl, C 2-6 alken
• 6 alkylC 3-6 cyclo- alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo, nitro, cyano, OR 7 , d- ⁇ alkyl, or R 7 is selected from hydrogen, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci- 3 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3 ⁇ cyclo- alkyl, Ca- ⁇ cycloalkenyl, Cecycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl, wherein said C ⁇ alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3 ⁇ cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from hydroxy, cyano, halogen and OC ⁇ alkyl; or two R 7 may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S
• A is selected from C t -ealkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, C ⁇ alkylaryl, Ci- ⁇ alkylheteroaryl,
• B is aryl or heteroaryl; wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more R 2 ;
• C is selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 aIkylC 3 ⁇ cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkenyl, Co ⁇ alkylaryl, Co-ealkylheteroaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl, C 0-6 alkylOR 4 , C 0-6 alkylC ⁇ 2 R 4 , C 0 - 6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , halogen, C 0 - 6 alkylCN, Co-ealkylCOR 4 , NO 2 , Co- 6 alkylCON(R 4 ) 2 , 0(CO)R 4 , C 0 - 6 alkylNR 4 (CO)R 4 , Co -6 alkylSR 4 , C 0 .
• R 1 is selected from Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co-ealkylCs-ecycloalkyl,
• R 2 is selected from Ci- 6 alkyl, C 0 . 6 alkylaryl, C 0 - 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co-ealkylheterocyclyl, C 0 - 6 alkylCO 2 R 4 , Co_ 6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , halogen, C 0 - 6 alkylCN,
• Co- 6 alkylaryl, C 0-6 alkylheteroaryl or Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 3 ,
• R 2 may together with the atoms to which they are attached form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 3 is selected from halogen, NO 2 , Co ⁇ alkylCN, C 0 . 6 alkylOR 4 , C 1 Jialoalkyl,
• Co- 6 alkylC 3 ⁇ cycloalkyl, Co-ealkylaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylheteroaryl, or Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 4 is selected from hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ haloalkyl, C 0 - 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, C 0 - ⁇ alkylaryl, C 0 - 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co- ⁇ alkyUieterocyclyl, C ⁇ - ⁇ alkylOR 5 , and C 1 - 6 alkylN(R 5 ) 2 , wherein said Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, Co- ⁇ alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl or Co- ⁇ al
• R 5 is selected from hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl, C 0 - 6 alkylaryl,
• Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl and Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl wherein said d- ⁇ alkyl, Co-ealkyl- C3-6cycloalkyl, Co- ⁇ alkylaryl, Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl or Co ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 5 may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring optionally being substituted with one or more R 6 ;
• R 6 is selected from oxo, halogen, nitro, CN, OR 7 , Ci ⁇ alkyl, C 0 . 6 alkylaryl, C 0 -
• ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl or Co -6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, OR 7 , C ⁇ aUcyl, Ci- 3 haloalkyl, or OC ⁇ haloalkyl;
• R 7 is selected from hydrogen, Cs- ⁇ cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl, wherein said C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from hydroxy, cyano, halogen and OC ⁇ alkyl; or two R 7 may together form a 4 to 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, said heterocyclic ring being optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from hydroxy, OCi ⁇ alkyl, cyano and halogen.
• B is phenyl or heteroaryl.
• R 2 is Ci- ⁇ alkyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, halogen, Co. 6 alkylCN or Co- ⁇ alkylOR 4 .
• R 2 is fluoro, OR 4 or Ci- 6 alkyl.
• R 2 is halogen, such as fluoro, cyano or Co-ealkylOR 4 .
• R is fluoro
• R 4 is hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ haloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl or Co- ⁇ alkyUieteroaryl.
• R 4 is hydrogen, Cr ⁇ alkyl or Ci-shaloalkyl.
• R 4 is hydrogen
• A is Ci ⁇ alkyl, Ci-oalkylaryl,
• Ci_ 6 alkylheteroaryl C 0 - 6 alkylC 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, or Co- ⁇ alkylCs-gheterocyclyl.
• A is Co- 6 alkylC 3 . 8 cycloalkyl or Co- ⁇ alkyl-Cs-gheterocyclyl.
• R 1 is C ⁇ alkyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 ⁇ cycloalkyl, Co ⁇ alkylaryl, C 0 . 6 alkylheteroaryl, Co ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl, C 0 - 6 alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , Co- ⁇ alkylOR 4 , halogen, C 0 - 6 alkylCN, C 0-6 alkylCOR 4 , C 0 - 6 alkylCON(R 4 ) 2 , C 0-6 alkylNR 4 (CO)R 4 5 C 0-6 alkylSR 4 , C M alkylSO 2 R 4 or Co ⁇ alkylSOR 4 .
• R 1 is Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co -6 alkylC 3-6 cycloalkyl, Co- ⁇ alkylOR 4 , halogen, C 0 - 6 alkylCN or C 0-6 alkylCOR 4 .
• R 1 is Co- 6 alkylC 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylOR 4 , halogen or Co- ⁇ alkylCOR 4 .
• C ⁇ alkyl is methyl or ethyl.
• C ⁇ alkylaryl is CH 2 -phenyl.
• Co- 6 alkylC 3 . 6 cycloalkyl is cyclohexyl.
• Co- ⁇ alkylCs-sheterocyclyl is piperidinyl.
• Co-ealkylCs-sheterocycryl is
• A is piperidinyl or cyclohexyl.
• C is hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C2- 6 alkynyl, Co-ealkylCa-ecycloalkyl,
• C is selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ - 6 alkyl, Co- 6alkylaryl, C 0-6 alkylheteroaryl, Co- ⁇ alkylCN, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cyclo- alkyl, Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl, C 0-6 alkylOR 4 , Co-6alkylN(R 4 ) 2 , halogen, Co-6alkylCON(R 4 ) 2 , C 0-6 alkylNR 4 (CO)R 4 .
• C is phenyl, pyridine or pyrimidine.
• R 3 is halogen, C 0-6 alkylCN, Co ⁇ alkylOR 4 , C 1-6 haloalkyl, C ⁇ alkyl.
• R 3 is halogen, NO 2 , C 0 - 6 alkylCN, Co- 6 alkylOR 4 , C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, Co- ⁇ alkylCs-ecycloalkyl or Co- ⁇ alkylheterocyclyl.
• R 3 is halogen, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, CN or OR 4 . In one embodiment, R 3 is halogen or C 2 - 4 alkynyl.
• R 6 is oxo, halogen, CN, OR 7 , C 1-6 alkyl, C 0-6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl or C 1 . ⁇ haloalkyl.
• R 6 is chloro
• A is Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 8 cycloalkyl or C 0 - 6 alkyl-C 3 . 8 heterocyclyl, wherein said A is optionally substituted with one or more R 1 ;
• B is aryl or heteroaryl; wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more R 2 ;
• C is hydrogen, C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 . 6 cycloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylaryl,
• R 1 is Ci ⁇ alkyl, Co-ealkylCa-ecycloalkyl, C 0-6 alkylOR 4 , halogen or C 0-6 alkylCOR 4 ;
• R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl, Co -6 alkylC 3 ⁇ cycloalkyl, halogen, Co-ealkylCN or C 0 . 6 alkylOR 4 ;
• R 3 is halogen, C 2-6 alkynyl, CN or OR 4 ;
• R 4 is hydrogen, Ci- 6 alkyl, Ci. 3 haloalkyl, Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl or Co- ⁇ alkylheteroaryl; R 6 is oxo, halogen, CN, OR 7 , Co- 6 alkylC 3 - 6 cycloalkyl or Ci- 6 haloalkyl.
• A is selected from Q-ealkylaryl
• B is aryl
• C is Co- 6 alkylaryl or Co -6 alkylheteroaryl, wherein said C 0-6 alkylaryl or Co- 6 alkylheteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more R 1 ;
• R 3 is C 0-6 alkylOR 4 ;
• One embodiment of the present invention is a compound selected from 2-(3'-Methoxybiphenyl-3-yl)-2,5-dimethyl-2H-imidazol-4-amine;
• the present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined as well as to the salts thereof.
• Salts for use in pharmaceutical compositions will be pharmaceutically acceptable salts, but other salts may be useful in the production of the compounds of formula (I).
• the compounds of the formula (I) may be administered in the form of a prodrug which is broken down in the human or animal body to give a compound of the formula (I).
• prodrugs examples include in vivo hydrolysable esters of a compound of the formula (I).
• An in vivo hydrolysable (or cleavable) ester of a compound of the formula (I) that contains a carboxy or a hydroxy group is, for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable ester which is hydrolysed in the human or animal body to produce the parent acid or alcohol.
• Various forms of prodrugs are known in the art. The definitions set forth in this application are intended to clarify terms used throughout this application. The term "herein" means the entire application.
• a variety of compounds in the present invention may exist in particular geometric or stereoisomeric forms.
• the present invention takes into account all such compounds, including tautomers, cis- and trans isomers, R- and S- enantiomers, diastereomers, (D)- isomers, (L)-isomers, the racemic mixtures thereof, and other mixtures thereof, as being covered within the scope of this invention.
• Additional asymmetric carbon atoms may be present in a substituent such as an alkyl group. All such isomers, as well as mixtures thereof, are intended to be included in this invention.
• the compounds herein described may have asymmetric centers. Compounds of the present invention containing an asymmetrically substituted atom may be isolated in optically active or racemic forms.
• optically active forms such as by resolution of racemic forms, by synthesis from optically active starting materials, or synthesis using optically active reagents.
• separation of the racemic material can be achieved by methods known in the art.
• Cis and trans geometric isomers of the compounds of the present invention are described and may be isolated as a mixture of isomers or as separated isomeric forms. All chiral, diastereomeric, racemic forms and all geometric isomeric forms of a structure are intended, unless the specific stereochemistry or isomeric form is specifically indicated.
• alkyl used alone or as a suffix or prefix, is intended to include both branched and straight chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or if a specified number of carbon atoms is provided then that specific number would be intended.
• “Co- 6 alkyl” denotes alkyl having 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
• alkyl examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl.
• a subscript is the integer 0 (zero) the group to which the subscript refers to indicates that the group may be absent, i.e. there is a direct bond between the groups.
• alkenyl used alone or as a suffix or prefix is intended to include both branched and straight-chain alkene or olefin containing aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms or if a specified number of carbon atoms is provided then that specific number would be intended.
• C 2 - 6 alkenyF' denotes alkenyl having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
• alkenyl examples include, but are not limited to, vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methylbut-2-enyl, 3-methylbut- 1-enyl, 1-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl and 4-hexenyl.
• alkynyl used alone or as a suffix or prefix is intended to include to include both branched and straight-chain alkynyl or olefin containing aliphatic
• hydrocarbon groups having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms or if a specified number of carbon atoms is provided then that specific number would be intended.
• ethynyl e.g. 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl
• 3-butynyl pentynyl, hexynyl and l-methylpent-2- ynyl.
• aromatic refers to hydrocarbonyl groups having one or more unsaturated carbon ring(s) having aromatic characters, (e.g. 4n + 2 delocalized electrons) and comprising up to 14 carbon atoms.
• heteromatic refers to groups having one or more unsaturated rings containing carbon and one or more heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur having aromatic character (e.g. 4n + 2 delocalized electrons).
• aryl refers to an aromatic ring structure made up of from 5 to 14 carbon atoms. Ring structures containing 5, 6, 7 and 8 carbon atoms would be single-ring aromatic groups, for example, phenyl. Ring structures containing 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 would be polycyclic, for example naphthyl. The aromatic ring can be substituted at one or
• polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings (the rings are "fused rings") wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic, for example, the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls and/or heterocyclyls.
• polycyclic rings i o include, but are not limited to, 2,3 -dihydro- 1 ,4-benzodioxine and 2,3 -dihydro- 1 - benzofuran.
• cycloalkyl or “carbocyclyl” are intended to include saturated ring groups, having the specified number of carbon atoms. These may include fused or is bridged polycyclic systems. Preferred cycloalkyls have from 3 to 10 carbon atoms in their ring structure, and more preferably have 3, 4, 5, and 6 carbons in the ring structure.
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl denotes such groups as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
• cycloalkenyl is intended to include unsaturated ring groups, having the specified number of carbon atoms. These may include fused or bridged polycyclic systems. Preferred cycloalkenyls have from 3 to 10 carbon atoms in their ring structure, and more preferably have 3, 4, 5, and 6 carbons in the ring structure. For example, "C 3 . 6 cycloalkenyl” denotes such groups as cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl,
• halo or halogen refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
• Counterion is used to represent a small, negatively or positively charged species such as 30 chloride, bromide, hydroxide, acetate, sulfate, tosylate, benezensulfonate, ammonium, lithium ion and sodium ion and the like.
• heterocyclyl or “heterocyclic” or “heterocycle” refers to a saturated, unsaturated or partially saturated, monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring (unless otherwise stated) containing 3 to 20 atoms of which 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms are chosen from nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen, which may, unless otherwise specified, be carbon or nitrogen linked, wherein a -CH 2 - group is optionally be replaced by a -C(O)-; and where unless stated to the contrary a ring nitrogen or sulphur atom is optionally oxidised to form the N-oxide or S-oxide(s) or a ring nitrogen is optionally quarternized; wherein a ring -NH is optionally substituted with acetyl, formyl, methyl or mesyl; and a ring is optionally substituted with one or more halo.
• heterocyclyl group is bi- or tricyclic then at least one of the rings may optionally be a heteroaromatic or aromatic ring provided that at least one of the rings is non-heteroaromatic. If the said heterocyclyl group is monocyclic then it must not be aromatic.
• heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, piperidinyl, N- acetylpiperidinyl, N-methylpiperidinyl, N-formylpiperazinyl, N-mesylpiperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, piperazinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, indolinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydro-2/f-pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydro-thiopyranyl, tetrahydro-thiopyran 1 -oxide, tetrahydro-thiopyran 1,1 -dioxide, IH- pyridin-2-one, and 2,5-dioxoimidazolidinyl.
• heteroaryl refers to a heteroaromatic heterocycle having at least one heteroatom ring member such as sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen.
• Heteroaryl groups include monocyclic and polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) systems. Examples of heteroaryl groups include without limitation, pyridyl (i.e., pyridinyl), pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, furyl (i.e.
• furanyl quinolyl, isoquinolyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, indolyl, pyrryl, oxazolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzthiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, indazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, benzothienyl, purinyl, carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, aza-benzoxazolyl imidazothiazolyl, benzo[l,4]dioxinyl, benzo[l,3]dioxolyl and the like.
• quinolyl isoquinolyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, indolyl, pyrryl, oxazolyl, benzofuryl, benzo
• the heteroaryl group has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and in further embodiments from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group contains 3 to 14, 4 to 14, 3 to 7, or 5 to 6 ring-forming atoms. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group has 1 to 4, 1 to 3, or 1 to 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group has 1 heteroatom.
• haloalkyl used alone or as a suffix or prefix, is intended to include both branched and straight chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, having at least one halogen substituent and having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or if a specified number of carbon atoms is provided then that specific number would be intended.
• C 0 - ohaloalkyl denotes alkyl having 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
• Examples of haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl,
• chlorofluoromethyl 1-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3,4-difluorobutyl.
• protecting group means temporary substituents which protect a potentially reactive functional group from undesired chemical transformations.
• protecting groups include esters of carboxylic acids, silyl ethers of alcohols, and acetals and ketals of aldehydes and ketones respectively.
• the field of protecting group chemistry has been reviewed (Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P.G.M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3 rd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1999).
• pharmaceutically acceptable is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound that contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are used.
• the present invention further includes all tautomeric forms of compounds of the invention.
• tautomer means other structural isomers that exist in equilibrium resulting from the migration of a hydrogen atom.
• keto-enol tautomerism where the resulting compound has the properties of both a ketone and an unsaturated alcohol.
• Other examples of tautomerism include 2H-imidazole-4-amine and its tautomer l,2-dihydroimidazol-5-imine, and 2H-imidazol-4-thiol and its tautomer 1,2- dihydroimidazol-5-thione. It is understood that in compound representations throughout this description, only one of the possible tautomers of the compound is drawn or named.
• stable compound and “stable structure” are meant to indicate a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
• Compounds of the invention further include hydrates and solvates.
• the present invention further includes isotopically-labelled compounds of the invention.
• An "isotopically" or “radio-labelled” compound is a compound of the invention where one or more atoms are replaced or substituted by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number typically found in nature (i.e., naturally occurring).
• Suitable radionuclides that may be incorporated in compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to 2 H (also written as D for deuterium), 3 H (also written as T for tritium), 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 15 0, 17 0, 18 0, 18 F, 35 S, 36 Cl, 82 Br, 75 Br, 76 Br, 77 Br, 123 1, 124 1, 125 I and 131 I.
• the radionuclide that is incorporated in the instant radio-labelled compounds will depend on the specific application of that radio-labelled compound. For example, for in vitro receptor labelling and competition assays, compounds that incorporate 3 H, 14 C, 82 Br, 125 1 , 131 1, 35 S or will generally be most useful. For radio- imaging applications 11 C, 18 F, 125 1, 123 1, 124 1, 131 1, 75 Br, 76 Br or 77 Br will generally be most useful.
• a "radio-labelled compound” is a compound that has incorporated at least one radionuclide.
• the radionuclide is selected from the group consisting of 3 H, 14 C, 125 1 , 35 S and 82 Br.
• Compounds of the present invention may be administered orally, parenteral, buccal, vaginal, rectal, inhalation, insufflation, sublingually, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, topically, intranasally, intraperitoneally, intrathoracially, intravenously, epidurally, intrathecally, intracerebroventricularly and by injection into the joints.
• the dosage will depend on the route of administration, the severity of the disease, age and weight of the patient and other factors normally considered by the attending physician, when determining the individual regimen and dosage level as the most appropriate for a particular patient.
• the quantity of the compound to be administered will vary for the patient being treated and will vary from about 100 ng/kg of body weight to 100 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• dosages can be readily ascertained by those skilled in the art from this disclosure and the knowledge in the art.
• the skilled artisan can readily determine the amount of compound and optional additives, vehicles, and/or carrier in compositions and to be administered in methods of the invention.
• the compounds of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used as medicaments, e.g. to treat or prevent A ⁇ -related pathologies.
• the compounds of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used for the manufacture of a medicament to treat or prevent A ⁇ -related pathologies.
• a method for the treatment of A ⁇ - related pathologies comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a subject, such as a mammal or a human being, in need thereof.
• the compounds of the invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereby provides methods of treatment of A ⁇ -related pathologies, such as, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Downs syndrome, ⁇ -amyloid angiopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, a disorder associated with cognitive impairment, MCI ("mild cognitive impairment"), memory loss, attention deficit symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease, dementia of mixed vascular origin, dementia of degenerative origin, pre-senile dementia, senile dementia, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy traumatic brain injury and cortical basal degeneration.
• a ⁇ -related pathologies such as, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Downs syndrome, ⁇ -amyloid angiopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, a disorder associated with cognitive impairment, MCI (“mild cognitive impairment"), memory loss, attention deficit symptoms associated with Alzheimer
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according formula (I) in association with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers or diluents.
• a method of treating or preventing an A ⁇ -related pathology in a mammal comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to formula (I), and at least one cognitive enhancing agent, memory enhancing agent, or choline esterase inhibitor, wherein said A ⁇ -related pathology is Alzheimer Disease.
• the treatment of A ⁇ -related pathology defined herein may be applied as a mono therapy or may involve, in addition to the compound of the invention, conjoint treatment with conventional therapy of value in treating one or more disease conditions referred to herein.
• Such conventional therapy may include one or more of the following categories of agents: acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, cognitive and/or memory enhancing agents or atypical antipsychotic agents.
• Cognitive enhancing agents, memory enhancing agents and acetyl choline esterase inhibitors includes, but not limited to, donepezil (Aricept), galantamine (Reminyl or Razadyne), rivastigmine (Exelon), tacrine (Cognex) and memantine (Namenda, Axura or Ebixa).
• Atypical antipsychotic agents includes, but not limited to, olanzapine (marketed as Zyprexa), aripiprazole (marketed as Abilify), risperidone (marketed as Risperdal), quetiapine (marketed as Seroquel), clozapine (marketed as Clozaril), ziprasidone (marketed as Geodon) and olanzapine/fluoxetine (marketed as Symbyax).
• Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate dosing of the individual components of the treatment.
• Such combination products employ the compounds of the invention.
• Additional conventional therapy may include one or more of the following categories of agents:
• antidepressants such as agomelatine, amitriptyline, amoxapine, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin duloxetine, elzasonan, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, gepirone, imipramine, ipsapirone, maprotiline, nortriptyline, nefazodone, paroxetine, phenelzine, protriptyline, ramelteon, reboxetine, robalzotan, sertraline, sibutramine, thionisoxetine, tranylcypromaine, trazodone, trimipramine, venlafaxine and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• antidepressants such as agomelatine, amitriptyline, amoxapine, bupropion, citalopram, clomi
• atypical antipsychotics including for example quetiapine and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• antipsychotics including for example amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine,
• anxiolytics including for example alnespirone, azapirones,benzodiazepines, barbiturates such as adinazolam, alprazolam, balezepam, bentazepam, bromazepam, brotizolam, buspirone, clonazepam, clorazepate, chlordiazepoxide, cyprazepam, diazepam, diphenhydramine, estazolam, fenobam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, fosazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, meprobamate, midazolam, nitrazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, quazepam, reclazepam, tracazolate, trepipam, temazepam, triazolam, uldazepam, zolazepam and equivalents and pharmaceutically active
• anticonvulsants including for example carbamazepine, clonazepam, ethosuximide, felbamate, fosphenytoin, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrogine, levetiracetam,
• oxcarbazepine phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabaline, rufinamide, topiramate, valproate, vigabatrine, zonisamide and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• Alzheimer's therapies including for example donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• Parkinson's therapies including for example deprenyl, L-dopa, Requip, Mirapex, MAOB inhibitors such as selegine and rasagiline, comP inhibitors such as Tasmar, A-2 inhibitors, dopamine reuptake inhibitors, NMDA antagonists, Nicotine agonists, Dopamine agonists and inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and equivalents and
• migraine therapies including for example almotriptan, amantadine, bromocriptine, butalbital, cabergoline, dichloralphenazone, dihydroergotamine, eletriptan, frovatriptan, lisuride, naratriptan, pergolide, pizotiphen, pramipexole, rizatriptan, ropinirole,
• (ix) stroke therapies including for example thrombolytic therapy with eg activase and desmoteplase, abciximab, citicoline, clopidogrel, eptifibatide, minocycline, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• urinary incontinence therapies including for example darafenacin, falvoxate, oxybutynin, propiverine, robalzotan, solifenacin, tolterodine and and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• neuropathic pain therapies including for example lidocain, capsaicin, and
• anticonvulsants such as gabapentin, pregabalin, and antidepressants such as duloxetine, venlafaxine, amitriptyline, klomipramine, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• nociceptive pain therapies such as paracetamol, NSAIDS and coxibs, such as celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, valdecoxib, parecoxib, diclofenac, loxoprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, nabumeton, meloxicam, piroxicam and opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, buprenorfin, tramadol, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• coxibs such as celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, valdecoxib, parecoxib, diclofenac, loxoprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, nabumeton, meloxicam, piroxicam and opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, buprenorfin
• insomnia therapies including for example agomelatine, allobarbital, alonimid, amobarbital, benzoctamine, butabarbital, capuride, chloral, cloperidone, clorethate, dexclamol, ethchlorvynol, etomidate, glutethimide, halazepam, hydroxyzine,
• mood stabilizers including for example carbamazepine, divalproex, gabapentin, lamotrigine, lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine, valproate, valproic acid, verapamil, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and metabolite(s) thereof.
• Such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described herein and the other pharmaceutically active compound or compounds within approved dosage ranges and/or the dosage described in the publication reference.
• the present invention also relates to processes for preparing the compound of formula (I) as a free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• suitable protecting groups will be added to, and subsequently removed from the various reactants and intermediates in a manner that will be readily understood by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis.
• Conventional procedures for using such protecting groups as well as examples of suitable protecting groups are for example described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis by T. W. Greene, P.G.M Wutz, 3 rd Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1999. It is understood that microwaves can alternatively be used for the heating of reaction mixtures.
• Another aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, unless specified otherwise, A, B and C are defined as in formula (I) above, R c is defined as for C in formula (I) above and R 1 is, unless specified otherwise, as defined in formula (I); R 10 and R 11 are defined as A or B above, or may be defined as groups that can be converted to A or B in subsequent transformations, R 12 may be defined as R 4 above, and LG represents a leaving group such as halogen (such as chlorine, bromine or iodine) or an alkyl-, aryl- or haloalkyl-sulfonate (such as triflate).
• a compound of formula (VI) may be equivalent to a compound of formula (I).
• Said process comprises of: (i) Formation of a corresponding compound of formula (W):
• a ketone of formula (II), is reacted with ammonia to form intermediate (III), (Scheme 1).
• the compound of formula (III) is further reacted with ethyl 2-oxopropanoate to form an imidazole compound of formula (FV).
• Said reaction may be performed at a temperature range between +100 0 C and +160 0 C, in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol.
• the amino imidazole compound (VI) may be obtained by an initial formation of intermediate (V), by reacting the alcohol of formula (IV), with a sulphurating reagent such as phosphorus pentasulfide in the presence of a base such as pyridine.
• a sulphurating reagent such as phosphorus pentasulfide in the presence of a base such as pyridine.
• the transformation to a compound of formula (VI) may be performed by reacting the intermediate of formula (V) with ammonia, optionally in the presence of an oxidation agent, such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
• a compound of formula (III), may be obtained, as shown in (Scheme 3), by reacting compound of formula (VII), wherein LG is defined as above, with an organometallic reagent such as an alkyl lithium as for example butyl lithium, or with a metal such as magnesium, to form an intermediate compound of formula (VIII), wherein M is a metal, such as for example lithium or MgX, wherein X is a halide such as bromo or chloro.
• the compound of formula (VIII) is further reacted with a nitrile of formula (IX). Said reaction may be performed at a temperature range between -78 0 C and room temperature, in a suitable solvent such as THF, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether.
• a catalyst such as CuBr may facilitate the reaction.
• An alkylating agent such as methyl iodide and a thioimidazole of formula (X) are reacted to form a compound of formula (XI) ⁇ Scheme 5).
• Said compound (XI) may be further transformed into a compound of formula (VI) by reacting it with an organometallic reagent, such as methylmagnesium bromide in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as [l,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]nickel(II) chloride.
• the compound of formula (VI) may also be obtained by reacting compound of formula (XI) with a mixture of zinc iodide and methylmagnesium bromide in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride in a suitable solvent such as THF, 2-methyl- tetrahydrofuran or toluene.
• a suitable catalyst such as bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride
• a suitable solvent such as THF, 2-methyl- tetrahydrofuran or toluene.
• a compound of formula (VI) may be obtained from a compound of formula (III), wherein R 13 is hydrogen, S(O)alkyl, C(O)alkyl, S(O) 2 alkyl, OH or Oalkyl (Scheme 6).
• Compound (III) may optionally be coordinated to a Lewis acid, as for example BF 3 , AlCl 3 , or TiCl 4 , to facilitate the reaction.
• An imine of formula (III) is reacted with 2-oxopropane thioamide (described in Asinger et al. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1971, vol 744, p.
• a compound of formula (I) may be obtained (Scheme T) by starting from, for example, a compound of formula (XII), and reacting said compound of formula (XII) with a boronic acid or a boronic ester or a stannane of formula T-R c , wherein T is for example B(OH) 2 , B(Oalkyl) 2 , or SnR 3 , and R c is as defined above, in the presence of a transition metal catalyst such as a palladium catalyst, such as [ 1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) chloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)- palladium(O), palladium diphenylphosphineferrocene dichloride, palladium(II) acetate or bis(dibenzylideneacetone) palladium (0).
• a suitable ligand such as
• triphenylphosphine tri-ter?-butylphosphine or 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl, or zinc and sodium Mphenylphosphinetrimetasulfonate
• a suitable base such as cesium fluoride, an alkyl amine, such as triethyl amine, or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate or hydroxide such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide, may be used in the reaction.
• Said reaction may be performed in a suitable solvent, such as toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, water, ethanol, N.iV-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile or N 1 N- dimethylformamide, or mixtures thereof.
• a suitable solvent such as toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, water, ethanol, N.iV-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile or N 1 N- dimethylformamide, or mixtures thereof.
• a compound of formula (I), wherein C is cyano may be obtained (Scheme 7) by starting from, for example, a compound of formula (XII), wherein LG is a leaving group such as a halogen, (such as iodide, bromide or chlorine), and reacting said compound of formula (XII) with a a metal cyano reagent such as copper(I) cyanide.
• a compound of formula (XII) wherein C is cyano
• LG is a leaving group such as a halogen, (such as iodide, bromide or chlorine)
• a compound of formula (I), wherein C is an alkyl group such as methyl may be generated from compound of formula (XII) (Scheme 7), wherein LG represents a leaving group, such as a halogen, (such as iodide, bromide or chlorine), by reaction with an organometallic reagent generated from zinc iodide and methylmagnesium bromide under the influence of a transition metal catalyst such as for example bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride.
• a transition metal catalyst such as for example bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride.
• a compound of formula (I) wherein C is NHC(O)R 12 may be prepared according to
• Scheme 7 by reacting a compound of formula (XII) with a compound R 12 C(O)NH 2 in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, optionally in the presence of a suitable ligand such as Xantphos. Said reaction is preformed in the presence of a suitable base such as cesium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as THF or 2-methyl- tetrahydrofuran at a temperature between 100 0 C to 160 0 C.
• a suitable palladium catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate
• a suitable ligand such as Xantphos
• Solvent mixture compositions are given as volume percentages or volume ratios.
• Microwave heating was performed in a Biotage Creator, Initiator or Smith Synthesizer Single-mode microwave cavity producing continuous irradiation at 2450 MHz. It is understood that microwaves can be used for the heating of reaction mixtures.
• TLC Thin layer chromatography
• Merck TLC-plates Silica gel 60 F 254
• Flash chromatography was performed on a Combi Flash® CompanionTM using RediSepTM normal-phase flash columns.
• Straight phase flash column chromatography was manually performed on Merck Silica gel 60 (0.040- 0.063mm), or automatically using an ISCO Combiflash® CompanionTM system using the solvent system indicated. Phase separation was optionally performed on an Isolute® phase separator.
• 1 H NMR spectra were recorded in the indicated deuterated solvent at 400 MHz unless otherwise indicated. Spectra were obtained using a Bruker av400 NMR spectrometer operating at 400 MHz for 1 H and 100 MHz for 13 C equipped with a 3 mm flow injection SEI 1 HZD- 13 C probe head with Z-gradients, using a BEST 215 liquid handler for sample injection, or using a Bruker DPX400 NMR spectrometer operating at 400 MHz for 1 H, 376 MHz for 19 F, and 100 MHz for 13 C, equipped with a 4-nucleus probehead with Z-gradients.
• 500 MHz spectra were recorded using a Bruker 500MHz Avance III NMR spectrometer, operating at 500 MHz for 1 H, 125 MHz for 13 C, and 50 MHz for 15 N equipped with a 5mm TXI probehead with Z-gradients.
• 600 MHz spectra were recorded using a Bruker DRX600 NMR spectrometer, operating at 600 MHz for 1 H, 150 MHz for 13 C, and 60 MHz for 15 N equipped with a 5mm TXI (or BBO) probehead with Z-gradients. Chemical shifts are given in ppm down- and upfield from TMS (0.00 ppm).
• TMS ⁇ 0.00 or the residual solvent signal of DMSOd 6 ⁇ 2.49, CD 3 OD ⁇ 3.30, acetone-d ⁇ 2.04 or CDCI 3 ⁇ 7.25 (unless otherwise indicated).
• Resonance multiplicities are denoted s, d, t, q, m, br and app for singlet, doublet, triplet, quartet, multiplet, broad and apparent, respectively. In some cases only diagnostic signals are reported.
• HPLC analyses were performed on an Agilent HPl 100 system consisting of a G1322A Micro Vacuum Degasser, a Gl 311 A Quaternary Pump, a Gl 367 Well-Plate Autosampler, a G1316A Thermostatted Column Compartment and a G1315A Diode Array Detector.
• the column used was an Xbridge C8 30x50mm, 3.5 ⁇ m or a Gemini C18, 3.0 x 50 mm, 3.0 ⁇ m, 110 A run at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.
• HPLC analyses were performed on an Agilent HPl 100 system consisting of a G1379A Micro Vacuum Degasser, a Gl 312A Binary Pump, a Gl 367 Well-Plate Autosampler, a G1316A Column Compartment and a G1315B Diode Array Detector.
• the column used was an Xbridge C8 30x50mm, 3.5 ⁇ m or a Gemini C18, 3.0 x 50 mm, 3.0 ⁇ m, 110 A run at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.
• HPLC analyses were performed on an Agilent HPl 100 system consisting of a G1322A Micro Vacuum Degasser, a G1312A Binary Pump, a G1367 Well-Plate Autosampler, a G1316A Thermostatted Column Compartment and a G1315A Diode Array Detector.
• the column used was an Xbridge C8 30x50mm, 3.5 ⁇ m or a Gemini C18, 3.0 x 50 mm, 3.0 ⁇ m, 110 A run at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.
• GC analyses were performed on a HP 6890 GC equipped with a Gl 512AX flame ionization detector supplied by Agilent Technologies.
• the column used was DB-5 MS, ID 0.18 mm x 10m, 0.18 ⁇ m (J&W Scientific). A linear temperature gradient was typically applied.
• Chiral GC analyses were performed on an HP 6890 GC equipped with a flame ionization detector supplied by Agilent Technologies.
• the column used was a Cyclodex B ID 0.25 mm x 30 m, 0.25 ⁇ m (Agilent Technologies).
• the temperature of the GC oven was s typically held isocratically at for example 100 0 C for 30 minutes.
• Mass spectra were run using an automated system with atmospheric pressure chemical (APCI or CI) or electrospray (+ESI) ionization. Generally, only spectra where parent masses are observed are reported. The lowest mass major ion is reported foro molecules where isotope splitting results in multiple mass spectral peaks (for example when chlorine is present).
• UPLC-MS analyses were performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC system consisting of an Acquity Autosampler, Acquity Sample Organizer, Acquity Column Manager, Acquity Binary Solvent Manager, Acquity UPLC PDA detector and a Waters 3100 Mass Spectrometer. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an
• s electrospray ion source operated in positive and negative ion mode. Separation was performed on an Acquity column, UPLC BEH, Cl 8 1.7 ⁇ M run at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min.
• UPLCMS analyses were performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC system consisting of an Acquity Solvent Manager, Acquity Sample Organizer, Acquity Column Manager, Acquity Binary Solvent Manager, Acquity PDA detector and a Waters0 SQ Detector. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray ion source (ES) operated in positive and negative ion mode. Separation was performed on an Acquity column, UPLC BEH, Cl 8 1.7 ⁇ M run at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min.
• LC-MS analyses were performed on an LC-MS system consisting of a Waters Alliance5 2795 HPLC, a Waters PDA 2996 diode array detector, a Sedex 75 ELS detector and a ZQ 2000 single quadrupole mass spectrometer.
• the mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray ion source (ES) operated in positive and negative ion mode. Separation was performed on a Xbridge C18, 30x50mm, 3.5 ⁇ m column or on a Gemini C18 3.0 x 50, 3 ⁇ m (Phenomenex) column run at a flow rate of 1 ml/min.
• ES electrospray ion source
• LC-MS analyses0 were performed on an LC-MS consisting of a Waters sample manager 2777C, a Waters 1525 ⁇ binary pump, a Waters 1500 column oven, a Waters ZQ single quadrupole mass spectrometer, a Waters PDA2996 diode array detector and a Sedex 85 ELS detector.
• the mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray ion source (ES) operated in positive and negative ion mode.
• ES electrospray ion source
• the column used was a Xbridge C18, 30x50mm, 3.5 ⁇ m or a Gemini C 18, 3.0 mm x 50 mm, 3 ⁇ m, (Phenomenex) which was run at a flow rate of 1 ml/min.
• LC-MS analyses were performed on a LC-MS consisting of a Waters sample manager 2777C, a Waters 1525 ⁇ binary pump, a Waters 1500 column oven, a Waters ZQ single quadrupole mass spectrometer, a Waters PDA2996 diode array detector and a Sedex 85 ELS detector.
• the mass spectrometer was configured with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) ion source which was further equipped with atmospheric pressure photo ionisation (APPI) device.
• APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation
• APPI atmospheric pressure photo ionisation
• the system consisted of a GC 6890N, G1530N, a G2614A Auto-sampler, G2613A injector and a G2589N mass spectrometer.
• the mass spectrometer was equipped with a Direct Inlet Probe (DIP) interface manufactured by SIM GmbH.
• the mass spectrometer was equipped with an electron impact (EI) ion source and the electron voltage was set to 70 eV.
• the mass spectrometer scanned between m/z 50-550 and the scan speed was set to 2.91 scan/s.
• the sample solution was either injected on the GC or introduced by direct inlet to the probe tip.
• the GC column used was a DB-5 MS, ID 0.18 mm x 1 Om, 0.18 ⁇ m (J& W Scientific) or a VF-5 MS, ID 0.25 mm x 15m, 0.25 ⁇ m (Varian Inc.). A linear temperature gradient was typically applied.
• GCMS analysis was performed on a GC-MS system supplied by Agilent Technologies, consisting of a 6890N G1530N GC, a G2614A Auto-sampler, G2613A injector and a G2589N mass spectrometer.
• the column used was a DB-5 MS, ID 0.18 mm x 10m, 0.18 ⁇ m (J&W Scientific) or a VF-5 MS, ID 0.25 mm x 30m, 0.25 ⁇ m (Varian Inc.). Typically a linear temperature gradient was applied.
• the mass spectrometer was equipped with a chemical ionisation (CI) ion source and the reactant gas was methane or the mass spectrometer was equipped with an electron impact (EI) ion source and the electron voltage was set to 70 eV.
• the mass spectrometer scanned between m/z 50-500 and the scan speed was set to 3.21 scan/s.
• Preparative HPLC was for example performed on a Waters Auto purification HPLC-UV system with a diode array detector using for example a Waters Xterra® MS Cg column (30x150 mm, 10 ⁇ m), a Phenomex Gemini-NX column (21x250 mm, 10 ⁇ m), a Waters XBridge C8 column (19x250 mm, 10 ⁇ m), or a Waters XBridgeTM C18 column (19x250 mm, 10 ⁇ m).
• Mobile phase A 0.1 M ammonium acetate in water/mobile phase B (95:5).
• Mobile phase B MeCN or MeOH. Typically a linear gradient of mobile phase B was applied.
• 1,3-Dibromobenzene (3.04 mL, 25.2 mmol) was dissolved in Et 2 O (60 mL) and cooled to - 78 0 C. «-Butyllithium (10.1 mL, 25.25 mmol) was added and the the solution stirred for 30 min. Cyclohexanecarbonitrile (2.99 mL, 25.20 mmol) was added in Et 2 O (40 mL) at -78 0 C and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min. MeOH (20 mL) containing ammonium acetate (2 g, 25.95 mmol) was added. The solvents were evaporated and the residue taken up in DCM and water.
• 1,3-Dibromobenzene (3.04 mL, 25.2 mmol) was dissolved in Et 2 O (60 mL) and cooled to - 78 0 C. «-Butyllithium (10.1 mL, 25.25 mmol) was added and the the solution stirred for 30 min. Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile (2.80 g, 25.20 mmol) was added in Et 2 O (20 mL) is at -78 0 C and the reaction was stirred for 30 min. The reaction was then allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min. MeOH (20 mL) containing ammonium acetate (2 g, 25.95 mmol) was added. The solvents were evaporated and the residue taken up in DCM and water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases were shaken with brine and dried over MgSO 4 . The mixture was
• 1,3-Dibromobenzene (1.435 mL, 11.89 mmol) was dissolved in Et 2 O (90 mL) and cooled to -78 0 C.
• n-Butyllithium (5 mL, 12.50 mmol) was added and the solution stirred for 30 min.
• tert-Butyl 4-cyanopiperidine-l-carboxylate (2.5 g, 11.89 mmol) was added in Et 2 O (40 mL) at -78 0 C. The reaction was stirred for 30 min and was then allowed to warm to room temperature over 30 min. MeOH (20 mL) containing ammonium acetate (1 g, 13 mmol) was added.
• Aqueous 2M HCl (15 mL) was added, the cooling bath removed and the mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The organics were removed under reduced pressure and the pH of the resulting aqueous residue was adjusted to 7-8 using an aqueous 20% NaOH solution. The aqueous mixture was diluted with brine (20 mL) and then saturated with solid NaCl and extracted with THF (3 x 25 mL). The combined organics were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated.
• Aqueous 3M HCl (7.95 mL, 23.86 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 2-(3- bromophenyl)-2-(6-methoxy-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-5-memyl-2H-imidazol-4-amine (424 mg, 1.14 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8 mL) in a microwave vial.
• the vial was sealed and heated with microwaves at 100 0 C for 45 minutes.
• the tetrahydrofuran was removed by evaporation, and the remaining aqueous phase basified with saturated aqueous NaHC ⁇ 3 and then extracted with EtOAc.
• Example 48i The title compound was synthesized as described for Example 34i in 90% yield starting from (lR,2R,4S)-2-bromobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (0.657 g, 3.76 mmol) and A- methoxybenzonitrile (0.5 g, 3.76 mmol): MS (EI) m/z 229 [M] + .
• Example 48i The title compound was synthesized as described for Example 34i in 90% yield starting from (lR,2R,4S)-2-bromobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (0.657 g, 3.76 mmol) and A- methoxybenzonitrile (0.5 g, 3.76 mmol): MS (EI) m/z 229 [M] + .
• tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.635 g, 0.55 mmol) were added and the reaction was stirred at 80 0 C over night under argon atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through a pad of Celite and concentrated in vacuo.
• tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.036 g, 0.03 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2.00 mL) in a dry microwave vial under argon atmosphere. The mixture was irradiated in a microwave reactor for 30 min at 150 0 C.
• 1,3-Dimethylbarbituric acid 0.580 g, 3.71 mmol
• tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) 0.072 g, 0.06 mmol
• 2-Cyclopropyl-2-(5-(diallylamino)-2-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2H- imidazol-4-amine (0.202 g, 0.62 mmol) in dichloromethane (5.00 mL) was added.
• the resulting mixture was irradiated in a microwave reactor for 40 min at 100 0 C, and then concentrated in vacuo.
• reaction mixture was stirred at 80 0 C for 3 h. MeOH was added to quench the reaction. Sat. aq. NH 4 Cl solution was added and the mixture was extracted with with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and the solvent evaporated.
• Example 11 The racemate of the title compounds were synthesized as described in Example 11 in 20% yield starting from 2-(3-bromophenyl)-5-memyl-2-(pyridin-3-yhnethyl)-2H-imidazol-4- amine and 5-chloropyridine-3-boronic acid.
• the crude product was dissolved in MeOH and injected on a Chiralpak AD-H column (4.6 x 250 mm), using EtOH+DEA /CO 2 (40:60) as eluent at a flow rate of 2 mL/min.
• the title compound was synthesized as described for Example 17, from 5-(4-amino-2-(3- bromophenyl)-5-methyl-2H-imidazol-2-yl)-l-ethyl-3-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (75 mg, 0.19 mmol) and 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid (35.3 mg, 0.23 mmol), with the exception that to achieve full conversion another portion of 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid (14.71 mg, 0.10 mmol) and [l,r-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II)chloride (3.98 mg, 4.84 ⁇ mol) was added and the reaction heated for another 10 minutes at 130 0 C.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (three times).
• the water mixture was poured onto a hydromatrix column and eluted with ethyl acetate, then acetonitrile.
• the pH of the water phase was adjusted to ⁇ 8 with aqueous NaOH (5 M) and it was extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the combined organic layers were passed through a phase separator and then concentrated in vacuo.
• the product was purified by preparative HPLC. The desired fractions were pooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between water (pH approximately 8) and dichloromethane (twice).
• the mixture under an atmosphere of N 2 (g), was evacuated 3 times, then the procedure was repeated with carbon monoxide (excess) 3 times.
• the pressure was adjusted to 4 bar of CO (g) and then the reactor was placed in an oil-bath set to 90 0 C. After 90 h, the reaction vessel was allowed to cool and removed from the carbon monoxide source.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH/DCM and filtered through Celite, then concentrated..
• the mixture under an atmosphere of N 2 (g), was evacuated 3 times, then the procedure was repeated with carbon monoxide (excess) 3 times.
• the pressure was adjusted to 4 bar of CO (g) and then the reactor was placed in an oil-bath set to 90 0 C. After 71 h, the reaction vessel was allowed to cool and removed from the carbon monoxide source.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH/DCM and filtered through Celite, then concentrated.
• the title compound was synthesized as described for Example 17 starting from 5-(4- ammo-2-(3-bromophenyl)-5-memyl-2H-imidazol-2-yl)-l-ethyl-3-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (71.0 mg, 0.18 mmol) and 3-(prop-l-ynyl)phenylboronic acid (88 mg, 0.55 mmol), with the following exceptions: The reaction time was 20 minutes and the reaction mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 and DCM before purification. The DCM layer was passed through a phase separator and concentrated before the purification.
• TR-FRET Assay The ⁇ -secretase enzyme used in the TR-FRET is prepared as follows:
• the cDNA for the soluble part of the human ⁇ -Secretase (AA 1 - AA 460) was cloned using the ASP2-FclO-l-IRES-GFP-neoK mammalian expression vector.
• the gene was fused to the Fc domain of IgGl (affinity tag) and stably cloned into HEK 293 cells.
• Purified sBACE-Fc was stored in -80 0 C in Tris buffer, pH 9.2 and had a purity of 95%.
• the enzyme (truncated form) was diluted to 6 ⁇ g/mL (stock 1.3 mg/mL) and the substrate (Europium)CEVNLDAEFK(Qsy7) to 200 nM (stock 120 ⁇ M) in reaction buffer
• the assay was performed in a Costar 384 well round bottom, low volume, non-binding surface plate (Corning #3676).
• the final concentration of the enzyme was 2.7 ⁇ g/ml; the final concentration of substrate was 100 nM (Km of -250 nM).
• the dimethylsulphoxide control instead of test compound, defined the 100% activity level and 0% activity was defined by wells lacking enzyme (replaced with reaction buffer).
• a control inhibitor was also used in dose response assays and had an IC50 of -575 nM.
• SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in DMEM /F-12 with Glutamax, 10% FCS and 1% nonessential aminoacids and cryopreserved and stored at -14O 0 C at a concentration of 7.5x106 cells per vial. Thaw cells and seed at a cone, of 1.5x105/ml in DMEM /F-12 with Glutamax, 10% FCS and 1% non-essential aminoacids to a 96-well tissue culture treated plate, lOO ⁇ l cell susp/well. The cell plates were then incubated for 7 hours at 37 0 C, 5% CO2.
• the cell medium was removed, followed by addition of 90 ⁇ l compound diluted in DMEM /F- 12 with Glutamax, 10% FCS, 1% non-essential aminoacids and 1% PeSt to a final cone, of 1% DMSO.
• the compounds were incubated with the cells for 16h (over night) at 37 °C, 5% CO2.
• Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) plates were used for the detection of sAPP ⁇ release. MSD sAPP ⁇ plates were blocked in 3% BSA in Tris wash buffer (150 ⁇ l/well) for 1 hour in RT and washed 4 times in Tris wash buffer (150 ⁇ l/well).
• MSD sAPP ⁇ microplates 50 ⁇ l of medium was transferred to the pre-blocked and washed MSD sAPP ⁇ microplates, and the cell plates were further used in an ATP assay to measure cytotoxicity.
• the MSD plates were incubated with shaking in RT for 1 hour followed by washing 4 times.
• 25 ⁇ l detection antibody was added (InM) per well followed by incubation with shaking in RT for Ih and washing 4 times.
• 150 ⁇ l Read Buffer was added per well and the plates were read in a SECTOR Imager.
• ViaLightTM Plus cell proliferation/cytotoxicity kit from Cambrex BioScience that measures total cellular ATP.
• the assay was performed according to the manufacture's protocol. Briefly, 25 ⁇ L cell lysis reagent was added per well. The plates were incubated at room temperature for 10 min. Two min after addition of 50 ⁇ L reconstituted ViaLightTM Plus ATP reagent, the luminescence was measured in a Wallac Victor2 1420 multilabel counter.
• Typical IC50 values for the compounds of the present invention are in the range of about 1 to about 100,000 nM. Biological data is given below in Table I Table I.

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