WO2010128216A1 - Procede de demercurisation total en une etape de charges hydrocarbonees liquides utilisant un materiau hybride organique-inorganique - Google Patents
Procede de demercurisation total en une etape de charges hydrocarbonees liquides utilisant un materiau hybride organique-inorganique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010128216A1 WO2010128216A1 PCT/FR2009/000545 FR2009000545W WO2010128216A1 WO 2010128216 A1 WO2010128216 A1 WO 2010128216A1 FR 2009000545 W FR2009000545 W FR 2009000545W WO 2010128216 A1 WO2010128216 A1 WO 2010128216A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
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- the present invention relates to the field of the demercurization of hydrocarbon feeds in liquid form and contaminated by the presence of mercuric species in various forms. More specifically, it relates to a process for eliminating mercuric species present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and produced in the presence of a capture mass of said mercuric species formed of an organic-inorganic hybrid material comprising at least one organic group. thiol type or derivatives.
- the object of the present invention is to capture the mercury present in different species in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock by means of a process involving a single step in the liquid phase, without resorting to a prior step of pretreatment of said feedstock.
- hydrocarbon as for example a step by heat pretreatment or a hydrogenation step.
- organometallic derivatives R-Hg-R 1 where R and R 'are hydrocarbon groups of alkyl or phenyl type
- non-water-soluble ionic compounds is evoked, as well as a possible combination of these two families (H. Tao, T. Murakami, M. Tominaga, A. Miyazaki, Mercury speciation in natural gas condensate by gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 1998, 13, 1085).
- Tao et al teach a method for assaying mercuric species present in a liquid organic medium.
- the first methods developed to capture mercury are based on the strong affinity of metallic mercury with sulfur compounds. It should also be noted that only mercury in this specific form has such affinity. It has been observed that said metallic mercury is located mainly in the incondensable gas phases or the LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) sections. The latter are sections of hydrocarbons predominantly containing hydrocarbons with 3 and 4 carbon atoms. These hydrocarbons have the property of being in vapor form in the ambient state and condensing under a low positive pressure. A LPG cut can therefore be available in the form of a gas or a liquid depending on the pressure at which the demercurization takes place at temperatures close to ambient (30-70 ° C.).
- a first family of adsorbents (or mercury capture masses) based on activated carbons on which sulfur is deposited by vapor deposition (S or H 2 S hot steam) or by dry impregnation with a precursor of The water-soluble sulfur element has been developed essentially for the decontamination of gaseous phases.
- S or H 2 S hot steam vapor deposition
- H 2 S hot steam dry impregnation with a precursor of The water-soluble sulfur element
- patents FR 2,628,338 and FR 2,764,214 disclose processes carried out in two stages and allowing the decontamination of liquid hydrocarbon cuts.
- the mercury element may be present in the form of inorganic non-water-soluble salts or of organometallic compounds which do not have a particular affinity with the aforementioned sulfur-containing absorption masses.
- One solution therefore consists in pre-treating said feed so as to convert the mercury derivatives into metallic mercury in turn adsorbable on said pickup masses.
- a second family of adsorbents has been listed in the literature (US 5,223,145).
- the latter consisting in part of zeolites, operates in the second step of a two-step process, the first step of which consists of a thermal pretreatment of the feedstock in the absence of hydrogen.
- the transformation into metallic mercury is ensured by thermal decomposition of the initial mercuric derivatives.
- the adsorbent is a regenerated molecular sieve based on a silver promoted FAU structural zeolite that operates in reaction / regeneration cycles. Liquid mercury adsorbed and then desorbed must also be recovered after each cycle and the reuse of the latter via an appropriate valuation must be considered.
- the fact that the mercury is not irreversibly fixed on said sieve and therefore potentially releasable in the medium can lead to possible pollution in the intermediate and transient phases of the process.
- the proposed solutions for the demercurization of liquid feeds all use capture masses sensitive to free water.
- This is for example and non-exhaustively aluminized matrix adsorbents, adsorbents whose capacity is modified by water and activated carbons that lose their mechanical strength in the presence of water.
- this free water must be separated, for example via a decanter followed by a coalescer, before treatment of each of the two aqueous and organic phases present in the initial charge.
- Water is often present in crude cuts at the output of oil or natural gas production wells. It is well known that water is used as an auxiliary fluid to increase the recovery rate of hydrocarbons in the deposits.
- the mercuric species present in the aqueous phase are removed by the implementation of a first method of demercurization and those present in the organic phase are removed by the implementation of a second method of demercurization.
- the mercuric species present in the aqueous phase and the mercuric species present in the organic phase are very different and that the chemistry of aqueous solutions and organic solutions shows numerous examples where the demercurization treatments developed for the aqueous phase. are incompatible with those developed for the organic phase.
- the oil is derived from animals (mainly marine) or terrestrial plants that can grow in areas contaminated by waste gases from power generation plants or natural gas production sites on land or at sea containing heavy metals, including mercury.
- the mercury is fixed by the plants and remains at the level of the structure of the plant, partly in its fibrous material or in its oily part.
- the same is true, much of the mercury being fixed in fats after exposure to contaminants.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for removing mercuric species present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, carried out in one step, and comprising contacting said feedstock with a mass for capturing said mercuric species in at least one feed reactor.
- fixed bed which is dimensioned so that the height of said fixed bed is greater than or equal to three times the diameter of said bed and the pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of said reactor is between 0.2 and 1 bar / meter fixed bed, said capture mass being formed of an organic-inorganic hybrid material comprising at least one thiol-type organic group or derivatives and being in the form of extrudates with a diameter of between 1, 2 and 1.8 mm .
- the mercuric species targeted by the elimination process of the present invention are especially mercury metal Hg 0 , mercuric ions from water-soluble salts such as Hg + and Hg 2+ , non-water-soluble ionic mercuric compounds, organometallic compounds of mercury. and the mixture of each of these species. Said mercuric species present in the hydrocarbon feedstock are chemisorbed on the capture mass which irreversibly transforms said species into cinnabar by formation of a Hg-S bond.
- the capture mass used for carrying out the process according to the invention is advantageously formed of an organic-inorganic hybrid material comprising at least one organic thiol group R-SH where R is preferably a saturated linear alkyl chain having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
- an advantage of the process according to the invention consists in its advantageous implementation at low temperatures generally between 30 and 90 ° C., which makes the process energy-efficient.
- Another advantage of the process according to the invention lies in the fact that it does not require the use of hydrogen and is therefore compatible with use on isolated sites, for example near hydrocarbon production sites, and does not require the use of hydrogen. not having a parallel hydrogen production.
- a major advantage of the process according to the invention is that it is effective for the elimination of all the mercuric species present in a hydrocarbon feedstock in the liquid phase, whatever their chemical nature.
- the method according to the invention leads to a capture efficiency, defined later in the present description, maximum, that is to say at least equal to 90% or even greater than 95%.
- Another major advantage of the process according to the invention is that said process also makes it possible to treat a hydrocarbon feedstock in which water is present therein, the capture mass formed of the organic-inorganic hybrid material being not sensitive to the feedstock.
- said method according to the invention makes it possible to simultaneously eliminate the mercuric species present not only in the organic phase of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock but also in the aqueous phase of such a feedstock, which avoids carrying out any separation step of the aqueous phase upstream of the demercurization treatment.
- the process according to the invention advantageously finds its application for the elimination of the mercuric species present in the whole of the liquid effluent, formed of an aqueous part and an organic part, coming from wellbore.
- said process according to the invention is also effective with respect to the elimination of mercuric species present in specific hydrocarbon feeds of animal or vegetable origin (triglycerides of fatty acids and their mixtures with fatty acids free, sterols pigments).
- MHOI as a capture mass, in the form of extrudates with a diameter of between 1.2 and 1.8 mm, in a reactor fixed bed meeting well defined hydraulic criteria in terms of fixed bed height, fixed bed diameter and pressure drop across the reactor leads to improved performance for mercury capture compared to those obtained with a material of the same nature, namely an MHOI, implemented in a fixed bed reactor whose design does not meet all of these three criteria.
- the implementation of a minimum ratio (fixed bed height / fixed bed diameter), at least equal to 3, and a pressure drop across the precisely selected reactor between 0.2 and 1 bar / meter of fixed bed has resulted in surprisingly improved performance.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for removing mercuric species present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, carried out in one step, and comprising contacting said feedstock with a mass for capturing said mercuric species in at least one feed reactor.
- fixed bed which is sized so that the height of said fixed bed is greater than or equal to three times the diameter of said bed and that the pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of said reactor is between 0.2 and 1 bar / meter of fixed bed, said capture mass being formed of an organic-inorganic hybrid material comprising at least one thiol-type organic group or derivatives and being in the form of extrudates with a diameter of between 1, 2 and 1.8 mm.
- the hydrocarbon feedstock in which the mercuric species are present and to be treated according to the elimination process according to the invention is a very predominantly liquid feedstock, that is to say that it is present at more than 95% by volume in the form of liquid and very preferably said hydrocarbon feedstock is integrally in liquid form.
- it is a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising molecules having between 3 and 60 carbon atoms.
- Said liquid hydrocarbon feed may be a raw feedstock or a feedstock having previously been subjected to a separation step, for example by distillation, and is then in the form of a hydrocarbon fraction characterized by an initial boiling point and a point final boiling.
- a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock having an initial boiling point between 5 and 30 ° C. and a final boiling point of between 200 and 550 ° C. is advantageously used.
- liquid hydrocarbon is chosen from natural gas condensates, crudes, oils of animal or vegetable origin and the products of distillation derived therefrom.
- the content of mercuric species of said hydrocarbon feed is indifferent: the method according to the invention allows the elimination of mercuric species regardless of the content of said species in the feed.
- the capture mass used for the implementation of the process according to the invention is effective for the removal of mercuric species whose concentration in the hydrocarbon feed may be very variable and for example between 10 and 2000 ⁇ g.l -1 preferably between 30 and 1000 ⁇ g.l -1 .
- filtration is carried out. upstream of the demercurization treatment implemented by the process according to the invention in order to avoid any phenomenon of "plugging" of the granular bed formed by the capture mass.
- the hydrocarbon feedstock comprises an aqueous phase whose content represents from 0.1 to 5% by weight relative to the total hydrocarbon feedstock.
- the capture mass is effective for simultaneously removing by chemisorption the mercuric species present in both the organic phase and in the aqueous phase of the hydrocarbon feedstock to be purified, which avoids any stage of separation of the phase aqueous phase of the organic phase upstream of the demercurization treatment implemented by the method according to the invention.
- water for example water in the form of free water, may also be present in the process according to the invention itself without its presence disturbing the operation of said process.
- the water and the hydrocarbons can be simultaneously introduced into the reactor where the contacting of said hydrocarbon feedstock with the capture mass occurs as long as the liquid-liquid hydraulic regime is compatible with a treatment in a granular bed formed of said capturing mass.
- the fixed bed reactor used for the implementation of the method according to the invention is sized to take into account the constraints of fluid mechanics.
- the capture mass used for the implementation of the said method of eliminating the mercuric species acts by chemisorption of the various mercuric species present in the said liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.
- said capture mass is capable of eliminating by chemisorption all the mercuric species present not only in the organic phase but also, if appropriate in the aqueous phase, of the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.
- it is particularly capable of removing mercury metal Hg 0 , mercuric ions from water-soluble salts such as Hg + and Hg 2+ , non-water-soluble ionic mercuric compounds, organometallic compounds of mercury and the mixture of each of these species.
- the mercuric species present in the hydrocarbon feedstock are chemisorbed on the capture mass which irreversibly transforms said species into cinnabar by formation of a Hg-S bond.
- the process according to the invention is carried out by placing the capture mass in a fixed-bed reactor through which the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to be purified is passed.
- a fixed-bed reactor through which the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to be purified is passed.
- the fixed bed reactor implementing the method of the invention is dimensioned so as to respect hydraulic criteria, in particular in terms of fixed bed height, fixed bed diameter and load loss through the reactor, to ensure good diffusion of the charge in the vicinity of said mercury collection mass.
- the height of the fixed bed is preferably greater than or equal to 5 times the diameter of the fixed bed and even more preferably greater than or equal to 7 times the diameter of the fixed bed.
- the pressure drop ⁇ P between the inlet and the outlet of the reactor corresponds to the friction of the hydrocarbon feedstock containing the mercuric species on the capture mass present in the fixed bed reactor.
- said pressure drop is advantageously between 0.4 and 0.7 bar / meter of fixed bed.
- the pressure drop is a function of the intergranular vacuum rate of the bed of capture mass used. In the presence of a low intergranular vacuum, the pressure drop is high (see the book "chemical reactors", P. Trambouze, JP Euzen, Technip Edition, 2002, chapter 7, page 432).
- a small internal diluent intended to block the intergranular space or to use a high speed of the liquid passing through the bed. capture mass.
- an interstitial diluent in particular silicon carbide SiC (carborundum).
- higher liquid linear speeds will be used to ensure a minimum pressure drop of 0.2 bar / meter of fixed bed. Heaters or intercoolers can also be used in
- a static or dynamic mixer can also be used upstream of the installation of the method according to the invention.
- a device for distributing the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to be purified on the surface of the reactor may be present in the enclosure of said reactor using the mercury capture mass.
- said liquid hydrocarbon feedstock is advantageously injected into the reactor containing the capture mass without specific pretreatment.
- it is advantageously injected into the reactor without have been subjected to a heat treatment and / or a prior hydrogenation reaction (s).
- the elimination process according to the invention is carried out under operating conditions such that the temperature varies between 30 and 250 ° C., preferably between 30 and 90 ° C.
- the pressure is adjusted so that the hydrocarbon feedstock to be treated remains to more than 95% liquid by volume.
- the hourly volume of charge to be treated relative to the volume of capture mass (WH) varies between 0.1 and 10 h -1 , preferably between 0.5 and 1 h -1 .
- the implementation of the process according to the invention at a temperature above 150 0 C is interesting because it leads to a better efficiency of the capture mass without loss of the thiol-type organic group or derivatives present in said capture mass is observed.
- the mercuric species uptake mass used for the implementation of said process for eliminating said mercuric species is an organic-inorganic hybrid material (MHOI) comprising at least one thiol-type organic group or derivatives thereof.
- said capture mass is in the form of extrudates with a diameter of between 1, 2 and 1.8 mm.
- said extrudates are in a cylindrical form.
- they can also be in the form of a multi-lobed profile (trilobed or quadrilobes).
- the extrusions in the form of a multilobed profile have a registered diameter of between 1, 2 and 1.8 mm.
- organic-inorganic hybrid material is understood to mean a material consisting of an inorganic oxide matrix, also called an inorganic phase, and organic groups, themselves called the organic phase.
- Any type of organic-inorganic solid hybrid comprising at least one organic group of the thiol type or derivatives and obtained according to the synthetic methods well known to those skilled in the art and being in the form of extrudates with a diameter of between 1, 2 and and 1, 8 mm can be used for the implementation of the method according to the invention.
- Organic-inorganic hybrid materials comprising at least one thiol-type organic group or derivatives such as those used as capture mass in the process of the invention are described in particular in US Pat. No. 6,326,326.
- organic group of the thiol type or derivatives is meant in particular an organic group comprising at least one thiol group R-SH or an organic group comprising at least one disulfide group R 1 -SSR 2 .
- the group R of the organic fraction R-SH denotes an organic, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryl-alkyl (optionally halogenated) moiety, saturated or otherwise, connected or not and carrying or not one or more functional group (s) organic (s).
- the hydrocarbon chain of the organic moiety R contains at least one carbon atom, most often from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and most preferably from 3 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the possible substitutions of hydrogen on the hydrocarbon chain by halides, preferably chlorine and bromine, and more preferably chlorine, can lead to fully substituted chains. In a preferred manner, no substitution is made.
- the organic group comprising at least one thiol group R-SH is such that R is a saturated linear alkyl chain having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably R is the propyl radical.
- the groups R 1 and R 2 are linear saturated alkyl chains having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms of equal or different length.
- R 1 and R 2 are both methyl radicals.
- said thiol-type organic group or derivatives present in the capture mass used for carrying out the process according to the invention is a thiol group.
- said thiol or derivative organic group ensures the capture of the mercuric species present.
- MHOI hybrid organic-inorganic materials
- class I MHOIs where the cohesion of the organic and inorganic components is provided by weak interactions ( H bonds, Van Der Waals)
- MHOI class II where the two phases are linked by strong bonds of covalent or ionocovalent nature
- C. Sanchez, B. Jullian, P. Belleville, M. Popall, J. Mater Chem., 2005, 15 (35-36), 3559 the MHOI comprising an organic group of the thiol type or derivatives, preferably an organic thiol group R-SH, and used as a capture mass in the process of the invention is a class II material.
- an organic group advantageously results from the use of a precursor simultaneously having an organic group and hydrolyzable and condensable groups, often of the alkoxide or halide type.
- two modes of synthesis are usually encountered in the literature: direct synthesis which consists in incorporating directly into the sol-gel synthesis of an inorganic solid this organic precursor in the presence of inorganic precursors well known to man of the art, and the synthesis by postprocessing which consists in obtaining, in the first step, an inorganic solid and coming to functionalize the surface, during a second step, by hydrolysis / condensation reaction of the alkoxide groups and / or halides of the organic precursor with surface hydroxyl groups (grafting technique) (A.
- the first method mentioned has the advantage of allowing the incorporation of high levels of organic fragments compared to the post-treatment technique which is limited by the surface state of the initially formed solid.
- the organic part being incorporated at the same time as the development of the inorganic framework is made the accessibility of the organic sites is not total.
- a stabilization of the inorganic framework by a heat treatment at high temperature is not possible.
- the MHOI class II comprising a thiol-type organic group or derivatives and used as a capture mass in the process of the invention is obtained according to the so-called "post-treatment" synthesis method.
- an organic group carrying a thiol or derivative function for class II materials advantageously results in the formation of a M - O - Z - R - SH bond
- M is the constituent metal of the inorganic oxide matrix chosen
- Z a heteroelement resulting from the hydrolysable groups of the organic precursor and R-SH the organic fraction chosen to give the whole solid the desired properties when it is used as a capture mass in the demercurization process of the present invention.
- the heteroelement Z of the organic group bearing the thiol-type function or derived from the capture mass in the process of the invention is a silicon or phosphorus atom, and even more preferably, Z is a silicon atom.
- the inorganic oxide matrix may be any oxide or hydroxide known to those skilled in the art.
- the inorganic fraction may in particular be chosen from the group consisting of the oxides or hydroxides of elements M, with M chosen from among the elements of groups IB, MB, INB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, NIA, IVA.
- oxides and hydroxides can be simple, that is to say have only one element M or mixed, that is to say having several elements M, preferably between 2 and 4 elements M. They can have either a crystallized crystallographic structure having a determined X-ray diffraction pattern (zeolites and related solids, polymorphic forms of alumina), either no crystallized crystallographic structure (eg, silica), or an amorphous and crystallized phase mixture.
- the inorganic oxide matrix of the MHOI comprising a thiol or derivative-type organic group used as a capture mass in the process of the invention, is chosen from the group consisting of silica, mesostructured silica, alumina, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, and even more preferably, in the group consisting of silica, mesostructured silica and alumina.
- the inorganic matrix may also be selected from the carbonates of elements belonging to groups IA and MA. Preferably, calcium carbonate is used.
- the inorganic matrix may also be chosen from natural or synthetic minerals, preferably from talc, apatite, quartz or gypsum.
- the inorganic matrix may also be chosen from ceramics such as silicon nitride, semiconductors such as silicon, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride and silicon carbide.
- Obtaining the capture mass in the form of extrudates is carried out either by using an inorganic oxide matrix previously in the form of extrudates, which are then grafted in order to introduce the organic phase of the MHOI or by carrying out an extrusion of the MHOI powder previously kneaded with a binder, preferably silica or alumina.
- the binder preferentially silica or alumina, in a strong acid, for example nitric acid, to ensure a peptization and then the MHOI in powder form is added to the gel formed after peptization, the whole is then kneaded long enough, usually at least 30 minutes, so as to obtain a homogeneous assembly which is extruded and then dried at 300 0 C to remove nitrates.
- Peptization, kneading and extrusion techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the elimination of the mercuric species present in the liquid hydrocarbon feed is advantageously simulated by means of a so-called drilling test which simulates in an accelerated manner, compared with a process carried out on an industrial scale. , the efficiency, as a function of time, of the mass of capture tested.
- the drilling test is performed at a high WH so that it can reproduce, in a limited time, the overall behavior of the sample collection mass that would be observed over a period of several years on an industrial unit. This test thus simulates an accelerated aging of the collection mass tested and the WH applied for the implementation of this test is greater than that applied for the implementation of a process on an industrial unit.
- a "peel" test is performed with an organic solvent, usually xylene, to ensure that the mercuric species are irreversibly captured. Piercing of the capture mass is obtained when half of the initial mercury concentration is observed in the effluent leaving the reactor.
- the drilling test makes it possible to measure at a given instant t the capacity of the capture mass to capture the mercuric species present in the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to be purified by determining at this instant t the amount of mercury captured per mass of capture mass.
- the capacity is calculated as follows: where V is the volume of charge injected between the initial moment and the moment at which the piercing is observed, [Hg] is the mercury concentration of the charge, Q is the charged mass of mass. It is given in ⁇ g Hg / cm 3 of mass or g Hg / m 3 of mass to pass on the industrial scale
- the efficiency E of a collection mass tested as a function of time is also determined.
- the capture efficiency E at a given time (expressed in%) is calculated as follows
- the capture efficiency is at least 90% and preferably at least 95%.
- Example 1 Preparation of an MHOI containing an organic thiol function used as a capture mass in the process according to the invention. Graft post-treatment of trimethoxymercaptopropylsilane (TMMPS) on rehydroxylated mesoporous ⁇ alumina (M1).
- TMPS trimethoxymercaptopropylsilane
- M1 rehydroxylated mesoporous ⁇ alumina
- the capture mass M1 is obtained in the form of cylindrical extrusions with a diameter equal to 1.6 mm and a length equal to 6 mm.
- Example 2 Preparation of a MHOI Containing an Organic Thiol Function Used as a Capture Mass in the Process According to the Invention Graft post-treatment of trimethoxymercaptopropylsilane (TMMPS) on a rehydroxylated mesoporous silica (M2).
- TMPS trimethoxymercaptopropylsilane
- M2 rehydroxylated mesoporous silica
- the powder is washed with a water / ethanol mixture at 50% by volume (2 ⁇ 50 ml) and then with a reducing solution of sodium thiosulfate at 5% by mass to eliminate any SS bridges. Washing with the water / ethanol mixture and then with pure water eliminates the last possible free products. Finally, the grafted solid is dried under vacuum at 30 ° C. for 2 ⁇ 8 h and stored under argon.
- the cap mass M2 is obtained in the form of cylindrical extrudates with a diameter equal to 1.6 mm and a length equal to 3 mm.
- Example 3 performance of the M2 capture mass consisting of MHOI comprising an organic thiol group in the removal of organometallic mercury present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.
- the elimination of the mercuric species present in the liquid hydrocarbon feed is simulated by means of a so-called drilling test which simulates, in an accelerated manner, with respect to a process carried out on an industrial scale, the efficiency, as a function of time. , of each mass of capture tested.
- the piercing test is carried out at a high WH so that it can be reproduced in a limited time, namely 48 hours for Examples 3, 5 and 8 and 10 hours for Examples 6 and 7 and 16 hours for Example 4, the overall behavior of the mass of capture tested that would be observed over a period of several years on an industrial unit.
- This test thus simulates an accelerated aging of each collection mass tested and the WH applied for the implementation of this test is greater than that applied for the implementation of a process on an industrial unit.
- a "peel" test is performed with an organic solvent (xylene) to ensure that the mercuric species are irreversibly captured. Piercing of the capture mass is obtained when half of the initial mercury concentration is observed in the outlet fl uid of the reactor. More specifically, for each of the examples that follow, the drilling test is performed on a volume of low capture mass with respect to the charge flow rate to be treated. It makes it possible to measure at a given instant t the capacity of each of the capture masses to capture the mercuric species present in the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock to be purified by determining at this instant t the amount of mercury captured per mass of capture mass.
- the capacity is calculated as follows:
- [Hg] is the mercury concentration of the charge, Q captured mass volume. It is given in ⁇ g Hg / cm 3 of mass or g Hg / m 3 of mass to pass on an industrial scale.
- the capacity is generally defined for the duration when the capture efficiency is greater than 90%.
- the efficiency E of each of the capture masses tested as a function of time is also determined.
- the capture efficiency E at a given time (expressed in%) is calculated as follows
- the determination of the mercury present in the liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks and in the effluents is carried out by atomic absorption using either the NIC SP3D analyzer marketed by the Japanese company NIC or the DMA 80 analyzer marketed by Milestone. . It is a global dosage of mercury present in all its forms: we do not dose each of the mercuric species separately.
- the capture mass M2 is tested for the removal of organometallic mercury present in a feedstock composed of a distilled fraction of a gas condensate whose initial boiling point is 139, 3 ° C and the boiling point is 155.3 ° C.
- Said feedstock consists of 32% by weight of C7, C8, C9 paraffins, 48% by weight of aromatic compounds containing 7, 8 or 9 carbon atoms and 20% by weight of C7, C8 and C9 naphthenes.
- 2 ppm of diphenylmercury was solubilized while stirring at 50 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the test is carried out by operating at a temperature of 80 ° C., a pressure of 7 bar and a charge rate equal to 1 cm 3 . min -1 for a period of 48 hours
- the mercury concentration at the outlet of the reactor is measured regularly
- the drilling curve (not shown), which represents the mercury concentration present in the effluent leaving the reactor as a function of time, shows the remarkable performance of the capture mass M2 for mercury uptake: the mercury concentration at the outlet of the reactor is very low throughout the duration of the piercing test and after 48 hours, the mercury concentration at the outlet of the reactor is less than 20 ⁇ g.l -1 .
- the capture efficiency remains maximal throughout the contacting of the M2 capture mass with the load. It is equal to 98% after 48 hours of testing and the capacity is greater than 900 g Hg / m 3 of mass M2.
- Example 4 performance of the M2 capture mass in the removal of organometallic mercury present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock with unfavorable design of the fixed bed reactor.
- the capture mass M2 is subjected to the same drilling test as that described in Example 3.
- the operating conditions (T, P, charge flow) are identical to those given in Example 3 to FIG. except for the duration which is equal to 16 hours in this example 4 (charge iso-mass injected in Examples 3 and 4) and the liquid hydrocarbon feed has the same composition as that tested for Example 3; in particular it contains 2 ppm of diphenylmercury.
- the mercury concentration at the outlet of the reactor is measured regularly.
- the drilling curve (not shown) shows that the mercury concentration at the outlet of the reactor is, throughout the duration of the drilling test, very high and equal to 1200 ⁇ g ⁇ 1 -1 .
- the capture efficiency is low at the end. 48 hours and is only 40% while the capacity is less than 360 g Hg / m 3 mass M2.
- Example 5 performance of the capture mass M2 in the removal of organometallic mercury present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock with unfavorable design of the fixed bed reactor.
- the capture mass M2 is subjected to the same drilling test as that described in Example 3.
- the operating conditions (T, P, charge flow, duration) are identical to those given in Example 3 and the liquid hydrocarbon feed has the same composition as that tested for Example 3; in particular it contains 2 ppm of diphenylmercury.
- the drilling curve (not shown) shows that the mercury concentration at the outlet of the reactor is, during the entire duration of the drilling test, equal to 300 ⁇ g.l -1 .
- the capture efficiency is equal, after 48 hours, to 85% while the capacity is less than 800 g Hg / m 3 of mass M2.
- a capture mass formed of an organic-inorganic hybrid material in the form of extrudates and comprising at least one thiol-type organic group leads in a single step to optimum performance, namely a capture efficiency of at least 90%, when it is implemented in a fixed bed reactor dimensioned so meet the hydraulic criteria of fixed bed height, fixed bed diameter and pressure drop.
- the cumulative combination of the ratio (fixed bed height / fixed bed diameter) greater than or equal to 3 and the pressure drop of between 0.2 and 1 bar / meter of fixed bed is essential to control. Failure to comply with one of these criteria or both criteria leads to poorer or even very poor performance, particularly in terms of capture efficiency.
- Example 6 performance of the capture mass M2 consisting of an MHOI comprising an organic thiol group in the removal of mercuric species present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.
- the capture mass M2 prepared in Example 2 is subjected to the same type of drilling test as that described in Example 3.
- Said capture mass is tested for the removal of mercuric species present in a liquid hydrocarbon feed whose composition is given in Table 1 below.
- Said feed is a cut resulting from the distillation of a raw feed, the distillation having been carried out according to ASTM D86 and corresponds to a gas condensate.
- Said feedstock contains 200 ⁇ g.l -1 of mercury in various forms: the mercury present in this feed is determined according to the method taught by Tao and his collaborators (H. Tao, T. Murakami, M. Tominaga, A. Miyazaki , Mercury speciation in natural gas condensate by gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 1998, 13, 1085). It reveals that the mercuric species present in said feed consist of 60% by weight of mercury in the form of non-water-soluble ionic compounds and 40% by weight of mercury in metallic form.
- the test is carried out operating at a temperature of 80 ° C., a pressure of 7 bar and a feed rate of 1 cm 3 min -1 for a period of 10 hours.
- the piercing curve (not shown) shows a maximum capture efficiency of all the mercuric species present in the load. After 10 hours of test, the capture efficiency is always equal to 91% and the capacity is greater than 120 g Hg / m 3 mass M2, which demonstrates the outstanding performance of the M2 capture mass for elimination. of all the mercuric species present in different forms in the charge.
- Example 7 (Invention): Performance of the M1 capture mass consisting of an MHOI comprising an organic thiol group in the elimination of mercuric species present in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock.
- the capture mass M1 in extruded form, prepared in Example 1 is subjected to the same drilling test as that described in Example 6.
- the operating conditions are identical to those given in the example 6 and the liquid hydrocarbon feed has the same composition as that tested for Example 6; in particular, it contains 200 ⁇ g.l -1 mercury under different species: 60% by weight of mercury in the form of non-water-soluble ionic compounds and 40% by weight of mercury in metallic form.
- the piercing curve (not shown) shows a maximum capture efficiency of all the mercuric species present in the load. After 10 hours of test, the capture efficiency is always equal to 98% and the capacity is greater than 120 g Hg / m 3 mass M1, which demonstrates the outstanding performance of the M1 capture mass for elimination. of all the mercuric species present in different forms in the charge.
- Example 8 performance of the M2 capture mass consisting of an MHOI comprising an organic thiol group in the removal of metallic mercury present in a hydrocarbonaceous hydrocarbon feed containing a supersaturated aqueous phase containing Hg 2+ ions.
- the capture mass used for this example is the capture mass M2 prepared according to Example 2. It is subjected to the same drilling test as that described in Example 3. The operating conditions are identical to those given in the example. 3, the reactor and the reactor feed are identical to that described in Example 3.
- the hydrocarbon feedstock to be treated is composed of a distilled fraction of a gas condensate whose initial boiling point is equal to 139.3 ° C and the final boiling point is 155.3 ° C.
- Said feedstock consists of 32% by weight of C7, C8, C9 paraffins, 48% by weight of aromatic compounds containing 7, 8 or 9 carbon atoms and 20% by weight of C7, C8 and C9 naphthenes.
- Said hydrocarbon feedstock is supplemented with 800 ⁇ g.l -1 metallic mercury.
- An aqueous solution is prepared consisting of deionized pure water to which a mercury salt HgCl 2 is added so as to obtain a mercury concentration equal to 1000 ⁇ g.l -1 in the aqueous
- the hydrocarbon feedstock is introduced into the reactor at a flow rate equal to 1 cm 3 .min -1 .
- a micro-pump is used to simultaneously introduce said aqueous solution doped with Hg 2+ ions at a flow rate equal to 50 ⁇ l ⁇ min -1 (ie 2.5% vol of aqueous phase relative to the organic phase).
- the effluent is withdrawn in full every 4 hours so that it contains an aqueous phase in sufficient quantity.
- Each effluent removed is left decanted for 24 hours before proceeding to the determination of mercury in its various species in the organic phase and the aqueous phase.
- the capture efficiency is equal to 91% for both the mercury assayed in the aqueous phase and for the mercury assayed in the organic phase.
- the capture mass M2 is effective for simultaneously capturing the mercuric species present in the organic phase and the aqueous phase of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock in which water is present.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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PCT/FR2009/000545 WO2010128216A1 (fr) | 2009-05-07 | 2009-05-07 | Procede de demercurisation total en une etape de charges hydrocarbonees liquides utilisant un materiau hybride organique-inorganique |
MYPI2011005327A MY169826A (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2009-05-07 | Single-stage process of total demecuration of liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks using an organic-inorganic hybrid material |
AU2009345638A AU2009345638B2 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2009-05-07 | Method for completely removing the mercury in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock in one step using a hybrid organic-inorganic material |
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PCT/FR2009/000545 WO2010128216A1 (fr) | 2009-05-07 | 2009-05-07 | Procede de demercurisation total en une etape de charges hydrocarbonees liquides utilisant un materiau hybride organique-inorganique |
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CN105115924A (zh) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-12-02 | 重庆大学 | 一种测试炭基吸附剂脱汞性能的方法及装置 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0801127A2 (fr) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-10-15 | Taiyo Oil Co., Ltd. | Procédé d'élimination de mercure d'hydrocarbures liquides |
US6326326B1 (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 2001-12-04 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Surface functionalized mesoporous material and method of making same |
FR2894580A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-15 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Materiau hybride organique-inorganique mesostructure |
-
2009
- 2009-05-07 WO PCT/FR2009/000545 patent/WO2010128216A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-05-07 MY MYPI2011005327A patent/MY169826A/en unknown
- 2009-05-07 AU AU2009345638A patent/AU2009345638B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0801127A2 (fr) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-10-15 | Taiyo Oil Co., Ltd. | Procédé d'élimination de mercure d'hydrocarbures liquides |
US6326326B1 (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 2001-12-04 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Surface functionalized mesoporous material and method of making same |
FR2894580A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-15 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Materiau hybride organique-inorganique mesostructure |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PERRY R H GREEN D W AND MALONEY J O: "Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook, 7th Edition", 1997, MCGRAW-HILL, NEW-YORK, USA, XP002567755 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105115924A (zh) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-12-02 | 重庆大学 | 一种测试炭基吸附剂脱汞性能的方法及装置 |
CN105115924B (zh) * | 2015-07-07 | 2018-07-24 | 重庆大学 | 一种测试炭基吸附剂脱汞性能的方法及装置 |
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AU2009345638A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
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