Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G63/91—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08G63/914—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/16—Catalysts
  • C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4244—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
  • C08G18/4261—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups prepared by oxyalkylation of polyesterpolyols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
  • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
  • C08G63/87—Non-metals or inter-compounds thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyester polyols having secondary hydroxyl end groups, comprising the step of reacting a carboxyl-terminated polyester with an epoxide. It further relates to polyester polyols having secondary hydroxyl end groups obtainable by this process and to a polyurethane polymer obtainable from the reaction of a polyisocyanate with such polyester polyols.
• polyester polyols for the production of polyurethane polymers have primary hydroxyl end groups as a consequence of the ⁇ , ⁇ -diols used for their construction.
• diols with fully or partially secondary hydroxyl end groups such as 1,2-propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol leads to polyester polyols which are end-capped as are the diols building them.
• 1,2-propylene glycol about 50% of the hydroxyl end groups would be secondary.
• Diols which have only secondary hydroxyl end groups such as 2,3-butanediol play no role due to the amounts available in the market and the price on an industrial scale.
• To make matters worse in all secondary hydroxyl-containing diols in the polyester synthesis added that the reaction rate with dicarboxylic acids is lower.
• polyester polyols prepared from such polyesters are significantly worse than those of such polyurethanes obtained from ⁇ , ⁇ -diols. Accordingly, conventional polyester polyols prepared with the mentioned diols having at least partially secondary hydroxyl end groups are both more expensive in manufacturing costs, more expensive in material costs, and less suitable for producing high quality polyurethanes. Therefore, in contrast to polyether polyols, polyester polyols having secondary hydroxyl end groups have hitherto had no relevant technical significance.
• polyester polyols which contain ⁇ , ⁇ -diol units in their interior and a secondary hydroxyl moiety at their chain end.
• Such a structure would result in reduced reactivity with polyisocyanates and, for example, in the area of flexible polyurethane foams, it would also be possible to use additional urethanization catalysts, such as tin salts, in addition to the amine catalysts which mainly drive the water reaction.
• additional urethanization catalysts such as tin salts
• polyester-polyol synthesis The functionalization of carboxyl groups in the polyester-polyol synthesis is disclosed in DE 36 13 875 Al.
• a hydroxyl number of about 20 to about 400 and a functionality of preferably 2 to 3 polycarboxylic acids and / or their anhydrides and polyhydric alcohols are condensed. This is advantageously done in the absence of conventional esterification catalysts at temperatures of 150 0 C to 250 0 C and optionally under reduced pressure.
• alkoxylated per carboxyl group with 1 to 5 moles of alkylene oxide, for example 1,2-propylene oxide and / or preferably ethylene oxide, in the presence of a tertiary amine.
• the tertiary amine is selected from the group consisting of N-methylimidazole, diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7-ene and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine.
• the catalyst is expediently used in an amount of 0.001 to 1.0% by weight, based on the polycondensate weight.
• the esterification mixture is polycondensed to an acid number of 20 to 5. It is stated as essential that the melt condensation is not stopped too early. For example, when alkoxylated at an acid value of 25 or greater, the water content of the esterification mixture is excessively high. However, this would result in undesirable side reactions. If the synthesis of the polyesters is stopped at an acid number of 20 to 5, this means that there is already a comparatively high proportion of terminal, derived from the alcohol component and therefore usually primary hydroxyl groups. The remaining carboxyl groups are then reacted with epoxides to shorten the synthesis time to give terminal derived from the epoxides hydroxyl groups.
• EP 0 010 804 A1 discloses a powder coating based on carboxyl group-terminated polyesters, an epoxy compound and a choline compound of the formula [Y-CH 2 -CH 2 -N - (- CH 3 ) 3 ] + n X n - , in which X is OR or -OC (O) -R and R is hydrogen or a C M0 group and X n ⁇ is an anion.
• Y is OH or a group -O-C (O) -R.
• DE 28 49 549 A1 discloses a process for the preparation of polyether-polyester polyols by reacting a polyether polyol with a polycarboxylic acid anhydride to give an acid half ester. Subsequently, the acid half-ester is reacted with an alkylene oxide to give a product having an acid number of less than 5 mg KOH / g. The reaction of the alkylene oxide with the acid half-ester is carried out in the presence of from 50 to 100 ppm, based on the starting polyether polyol, of a trialkylamine having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. However, the resulting polyol is still based on polyethers rather than polyesters.
• US Pat. No. 4,144,395 discloses a process for the preparation of polyether esters in which a half ester is formed by reacting a polyether polyol with anhydride, which is reacted with epoxides to give polyether esters, with alkylamines being used as catalysts.
• the intermediate ester of maleic acid (0.75 mol) and trifunctional polyether polyol (0.75 mol) intermediately obtained in Examples 1 and 2 of US Pat. No. 4,144,395 differs structurally from the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups used according to the present invention.
• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyester polyols having secondary hydroxyl end groups, comprising the step of the reaction of a carboxyl-terminated polyester with an epoxide of the general formula (1):
• Rl is an alkyl radical or an aryl radical and the reaction in the presence of a
• Catalyst is carried out, which comprises at least one nitrogen atom per molecule.
• the process according to the invention is characterized in that the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups has an acid number of> 25 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 400 mg KOH / g and a hydroxyl number of ⁇ 5 mg KOH / g and that the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups is prepared by using per mole of hydroxyl groups of an alcohol> 1.03 moles to ⁇ 1.90 moles of carboxyl groups or carboxyl group equivalents of an acid component.
• Catalyst systems can be used.
• tin catalysts can partially replace Amine catalysts are used.
• a lower proportion of amine catalysts has a favorable effect on properties such as odor and aging resistance of the polyurethanes.
• the acid number of the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups can be determined from the DIN 53402 standard and can also be> 30 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 300 mg KOH / g or> 50 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 250 mg KOH / g.
• the hydroxyl number of the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups can be determined on the basis of DIN 53240 and can also be ⁇ 3 mg KOH / g or ⁇ 1 mg KOH / g.
• polyesters comprising carboxyl end groups are suitable, provided that they satisfy the conditions of the acid and hydroxyl numbers according to the invention. These polyesters are also referred to interchangeably as polyester carboxylates.
• Polyester carboxylates can be prepared by polycondensation of low molecular weight polyols and low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids, including their anhydrides, and their alkyl esters. Furthermore, hydroxycarboxylic acids including their internal anhydrides (lactones) can be used or co-used.
• the polyestercarboxylates which can be used according to the invention have predominantly carboxyl end groups.
• the end groups can be in a proportion of> 90 mol%,> 95 mol% or> 98 mol% carboxyl groups.
• they have hydroxyl end groups only to a very minor extent, as is apparent from the specification according to the invention of the hydroxyl numbers.
• the number of carboxyl end groups may exceed the number of hydroxyl end groups by> 5-fold or even> 10-fold.
• Suitable polyester carboxylates may have molecular weights in the range from> 400 Da to ⁇ 10000 Da, preferably from> 450 to ⁇ 6000 Da.
• the number of carboxyl end groups in the polyester carboxylate can be 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
• the average functionality of the polyester carboxylates may be, for example,> 2 to ⁇ 3.
• Low molecular weight polyols which can be used to prepare the polyestercarboxylates are in particular those having hydroxyl functionalities of> 2 to ⁇ 8. They have, for example,> 2 to ⁇ 36, preferably> 2 to ⁇ 12 C atoms. In general, it is advantageous if the polyols are .alpha.,. Omega.-polyols, in particular .alpha.,. Omega.-diols or at least 90 mol% of .alpha.,. Omega.-diols.
• polyols from the group comprising ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol and their higher homologs, furthermore 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,1,1-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol and their higher homologs, furthermore 2-methylpropanediol-1,3-neopentyl glycol, 3 Methylpentanediol-1,5, also glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane and / or carbohydrates having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as isosorbide.
• mixtures of polyols can be used, said polyols contribute at least 90 mol% of all hydroxyl groups.
• Low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids which can be used to prepare the polyestercarboxylates or their acid equivalents, for example anhydrides, have in particular 2 to 36, preferably 2 to 12, carbon atoms.
• the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids may be aliphatic or aromatic. They can be selected from the group comprising succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, 1, 10-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid,
• Phthalic anhydride isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, pyromellitic acid and / or trimellitic acid.
• mixtures of low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids can be used, said polycarboxylic contribute at least 90 mol% of all carboxyl groups.
• hydroxycarboxylic acids including their internal anhydrides (lactones), they are preferably derived from the group of caprolactone or 6-hydroxycaproic acid.
• the polycondensation is preferably carried out without catalyst, but can also be catalyzed by the catalysts known in the art.
• the polycondensation can be carried out by conventional methods, for example at elevated temperature, in vacuo, as azeotropic esterification and after the nitrogen blowing process.
• the polycondensation is not stopped at a certain stage, but with removal of the water formed to a very complete conversion of the OH groups of the alcohol to form carboxyl
• the epoxide of the general formula (1) is a terminal epoxide having a substituent R 1 which may be an alkyl group or an aryl group.
• R 1 which may be an alkyl group or an aryl group.
• alkyl generally in the context of the entire invention includes substituents from the group n-alkyl such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, branched alkyl and / or cycloalkyl.
• aryl generally in the context of the entire invention includes substituents from the group mononuclear carbo- or heteroaryl substituents such as phenyl and / or polynuclear carbo- or heteroaryl substituents.
• the molar ratio of epoxide to carboxyl end group in the process according to the invention can be, for example, in a range from> 0.9: 1 to ⁇ 10: 1, preferably from> 0.95: 1 to ⁇ 5: 1, and more preferably from> 0, 98: 1 to ⁇ 3: 1.
• the reaction of the polyester carboxylates with the epoxide takes place in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one nitrogen atom in the molecule.
• the amount of this nitrogen-containing catalyst based on the total mass of the reaction mixture, for example,> 10 ppm to ⁇ 10,000 ppm, preferably> 50 ppm to ⁇ 5000 ppm and more preferably> 100 ppm to ⁇ 2000 ppm.
• the reaction of the carboxyl groups of the polyester with the epoxide results in ring opening, depending on the location of the attack on the epoxy ring primary or secondary alcohols.
• > 80%,> 90% or> 95% of the carboxyl groups react with the epoxide and it is preferably a proportion of secondary hydroxyl groups of> 50 mol% to ⁇ 100 mol% or> 60 mol% to ⁇ 85 mol%.
• the carboxyl-terminated polyester is prepared by adding per mole of hydroxyl groups of an alcohol> 1.03 mol
• Polyesters are carboxyl groups. In the subsequent reaction with the epoxide, these can then be converted further to the corresponding alcohols. The surplus on
• Carboxyl groups may also be> 1.04 moles to ⁇ 1.85 moles or> 1.05 moles to ⁇ 1.5 moles per mole
• the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups is prepared immediately before the reaction with the epoxide of the general formula (1).
• the reaction with the epoxide is carried out using a catalyst having at least one nitrogen atom per molecule.
• the reaction is carried out by adding the epoxide to the reaction mixture from the polyester synthesis. This is advantageously done in the same production plant. This saves production time.
• the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups is obtainable from the reaction of Ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol and their higher homologues, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 2-methylpropanediol-1, 3, neopentyl glycol, 3-methylpentanediol-1, 5, glycerol, pentaerythritol and / or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
• the catalyst is selected from the group comprising:
• R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• n is an integer from 1 to 10, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;
• R4 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• R4 stands for - (CH 2) x -N (R41) (R42), where:
• R41 and R42 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; or R41 and R42, together with the N atom carrying them, form an aliphatic, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle; x is an integer from 1 to 10, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;
• R5 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; m and o are independently an integer from 1 to 10, that is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;
• the catalysts mentioned can influence the reaction of the carboxyl groups with the epoxide in such a way that a higher proportion of desired secondary OH end groups in the polyester polyol is obtained.
• Amines of the general formula (2) can be described in the broadest sense as amino alcohols or their ethers.
• R4 is hydrogen
• the catalysts can be incorporated into a polyurethane matrix when the polyester polyol is reacted with a polyisocyanate. This is advantageous in order to prevent the escape of the catalyst, which in the case of amines may be accompanied by disadvantageous odor problems, to the polyurethane surface, the so-called "fogging" or VOC (volatile organic compounds) problem.
• Amines of the general formula (3) can be described in the broadest sense as amino (bis) alcohols or their ethers. If R6 or R7 are hydrogen, then these catalysts can also be incorporated in a polyurethane matrix.
• R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl. It is preferred here that R 1 is methyl.
• the epoxide used is propylene oxide.
• R5 is methyl
• R6 and R7 are hydrogen
• the reaction with the epoxide of the general formula (1) takes place at a temperature of> 70 ° C. to ⁇ 150 ° C.
• the reaction temperature may preferably be> 80 0 C to ⁇ 130 0 C.
• the present invention further provides a polyester polyol having secondary hydroxyl end groups, which is obtainable from the reaction of a carboxyl-terminated polyester with an epoxide of the general formula (4) in the presence of a catalyst which comprises at least one nitrogen atom per molecule:
• R8 (4) wherein R8 is an alkyl radical or an aryl radical and wherein the carboxyl-terminated polyester has an acid number of> 25 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 400 mg KOH / g and a hydroxyl value of ⁇ 5 mg KOH / g.
• the reaction of the polyester carboxylates with the epoxide takes place in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one nitrogen atom in the molecule.
• the amount of this nitrogen-containing catalyst based on the total mass of the reaction mixture, for example,> 10 ppm to ⁇ 10,000 ppm, preferably> 50 ppm to ⁇ 5000 ppm and more preferably> 100 ppm to ⁇ 2000 ppm.
• this polyester polyol is obtainable by a process according to the invention.
• the polyesters can be analyzed by the usual methods, for example by total hydrolysis and separation of the hydrolysis products by HPLC.
• the polyester polyols according to the invention have the advantage that a greater range of catalyst systems can be used because of the lower reaction rate of their secondary hydroxyl end groups in the further processing into polyurethane polymers and in particular polyurethane foams.
• the acid number of the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups can be determined from the DIN 53402 standard and can also be> 30 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 300 mg KOH / g or> 50 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 250 mg KOH / g.
• the hydroxyl number of the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups can be determined on the basis of DIN 53240 and can also be ⁇ 3 mg KOH / g or ⁇ 1 mg KOH / g.
• the alcohol component from which the carboxyl-terminated polyester is synthesized is an ⁇ , ⁇ -polyol, in particular an ⁇ , ⁇ -diol or at least 90 mol% of an ⁇ , ⁇ -diol.
• the polyester polyol according to the invention the polyester comprising carboxyl end groups can be obtained from the reaction of
• Ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol and their higher homologues 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 2-methylpropanediol-1, 3, neopentyl glycol, 3-methylpentanediol-1, 5, glycerol, pentaerythritol and / or 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
• the molar fraction of secondary hydroxyl groups is> 50 mol% to ⁇ 100 mol%. This is understood to mean the molar fraction in the polyester polyol as a whole, that is to say not related to a single molecule. It can be determined, for example, by ⁇ -NMR spectroscopy. The proportion can also be> 60 mol% to ⁇ 99 mol%. The greater the proportion of secondary hydroxyl groups in the polyester polyol, the slower the reaction rate in polyurethane production and the more opportunities arise in the variation of the catalysts.
• R 8 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl.
• R8 is methyl.
• a further subject matter of the present invention is a polyesterpolyol composition
• a polyesterpolyol composition comprising a polyesterpolyol according to the invention and furthermore:
• R9 and RIO are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; or R 9 and R 10, together with the N atom carrying them, form an aliphatic, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle; p is an integer from 1 to 10, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;
• R1l is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• Rl 1 is - (CH 2 ) y -N (R 12) (R 13) where:
• Rl 2 and Rl 3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; or Rl 2 and Rl 3 together with the N atom carrying them form an aliphatic, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle; y is an integer from 1 to 10, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;
• Rl 4 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl
• Rl 5 and Rl 6 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; r and s are independently an integer from 1 to 10, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
• Such compounds can also be used in certain variants as so-called blowing catalysts, that is to say they preferably catalyze the reaction of the isocyanate groups with water to form carbon dioxide, to a lesser extent also their reaction with hydroxyl groups to form urethane groups. Therefore, this composition can be used immediately further in the production of polyurethanes. Preference is given to N, N-dimethylethanolamine, bis (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) ether or N-methyldiethanolamine.
• a further subject of the present invention is a polyurethane polymer obtainable from the reaction of a polyisocyanate with a polyester polyol according to the invention or a polyester polyol composition according to the invention.
• DEG Diethylene glycol
• DMEA N, N-dimethylethanolamine
• DMAEE Bis (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) ether
• DMDEE Alfa Aesar 2,2'-dimorpholinyl diethyl ether
• TMP 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
• Ratio of the primary and secondary OH groups by means of 1 H-NMR (Bruker DPX 400, deuterochloroform)
• Viscosity 690 mPas (75 0 C), 320 mPas (100 0 C)

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• 2010
  • 2010-05-04 CA CA2760855A patent/CA2760855A1/en not_active Abandoned
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