WO2010120143A2 - 간암 예후 마커 - Google Patents
간암 예후 마커 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010120143A2 WO2010120143A2 PCT/KR2010/002373 KR2010002373W WO2010120143A2 WO 2010120143 A2 WO2010120143 A2 WO 2010120143A2 KR 2010002373 W KR2010002373 W KR 2010002373W WO 2010120143 A2 WO2010120143 A2 WO 2010120143A2
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- liver cancer
- ncbi
- seq
- protein
- prognosis
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
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- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
- C12Q1/6886—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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Definitions
- the present invention is a liver cancer prognostic marker, a composition for estimating liver cancer prognosis comprising a substance for detecting a change in the expression amount of the liver cancer prognostic marker, a kit for estimating liver cancer prognosis comprising the composition for estimating liver cancer prognosis, liver cancer using the liver cancer prognostic marker A method for estimating prognosis and a method for screening a liver cancer therapeutic agent using the liver cancer prognostic markers.
- Cancer has the same meaning as a malignant tumor, and for various reasons, it is impaired in the cell's proliferation regulating function, and these abnormal cells proliferate uncontrolled and proliferate excessively, invading surrounding tissues and organs, forming masses and destroying normal tissues. it means. Cancer, which occurs in various tissues of the human body, poses a danger to life due to rapid growth, invasive (digging or spreading) growth, and metastasis (moving from its original place).
- liver cancer is known as one of the most deadly cancers in the world, and more than half a million people die of liver cancer each year, especially in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Liver cancer can be classified into primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) originating from the liver cells itself and metastatic liver cancer in which cancers of other tissues have spread to the liver. More than 90% of liver cancers are primary liver cancers. It is understood to refer to primary liver cancer.
- liver cancer Although most of the causes of liver cancer are reported to be acute or chronic infections caused by hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, the molecular mechanisms within the cells regarding the development and progression of liver cancer are still unclear. .
- proto-oncogenes such as various growth factor genes, are mutated to oncogenes for various reasons and are overexpressed or overactive, or with Rb or p53 proteins. It has been reported that the same tumor suppressor gene causes the development and progression of various cancers, including liver cancer, when they are mutated by various causes and are underexpressed or lose their function.
- genes such as modified p53, beta-catenin, AXINI, p21 (WAF1 / CIP1) and p27 Kip are involved.
- p53 modified p53
- beta-catenin beta-catenin
- AXINI p21
- p27 Kip p27 Kip
- Prognosis of liver cancer refers to predicting various conditions of patients with liver cancer, such as the cure of liver cancer, the possibility of recurrence after treatment, and the patient's survival after the diagnosis of liver cancer. It depends on various conditions such as treatment progress. Liver cancer can be effectively treated only when various treatment methods are applied according to its prognosis. For example, patients with a good prognosis need to avoid risky treatments, such as aggressive chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy, that can cause serious side effects, and should be relatively moderate and conservative. The safe treatment method should be chosen. Conversely, patients who are suspected of having poor prognosis should actively mobilize treatment methods such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy to increase the duration or probability of survival.
- liver cancer which has already advanced, has a very poor prognosis and dies within 6 months of diagnosis and has a high mortality rate of only 4 months.However, small liver cancers less than 3cm in size have a prognosis. It is known that the survival rate of 1 year without special treatment reaches 90%, and the 5-year survival rate is 40-50% when operated. However, accurately estimating the prognosis of liver cancer patients is very difficult with conventional techniques. For accurate estimation of the prognosis, an analysis method is needed to classify patients by risk group.To date, the prognosis is determined only by the pathological stage of diagnosis and primary surgical treatment without the means of accurately estimating the prognosis of liver cancer. I'm doing it. Unfortunately, the stage of liver cancer alone cannot accurately determine the prognosis for each liver cancer patient.
- CBS protein (cystathionine beta-synthase) is an enzyme that converts homocysteine to cystathionine and is known to play a role in the trans-sulfurization pathway and play an important role in methionine metabolism in vivo [J Biol Chem . 1994 May 20; 269 (20): 14835-40.
- NNMT protein (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) is an N-methylation enzyme of nicotinamide and pyridine, and is known to be involved in the metabolism of various drugs and xenobiotic compounds [Genomics. 1998 Sep 15; 52 (3): 312-24.
- TKT protein is an enzyme that plays a key role in the non-oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway.
- TKTL1 transketolase-like 1
- TKTL2 transketolase-like 2
- AIFM1 protein (apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated, 1) is a flavoprotein, also known as AIF, and when apoptosis occurs, the protein moves to the nucleus, causing chromosomal aggregation and fragmentation, and also cytochromes from mitochondria. Induced secretion of c and caspase-9 [Nature. 1999 Feb 4; 397 (6718): 441-6.
- AKT protein is a protein associated with AKT2, AKT3 and is a growth factor signal through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, namely platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epithelial growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF). -I), and it is known to be able to inactivate the apoptosis-related proteins when activated by phosphorylation [Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 1987 Jul; 84 (14): 5034-7 ]
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
- EGF epithelial growth factor
- IGF insulin-like growth factor I
- ATG3 protein (autophagy related 3 homolog) is involved in the binding of GATE-16, GABARAP, MAP-LC3 to human ATG8 homologues and lipids, and mice lacking ATG3 do not form autophagosomes after birth It was reported to die in one day [J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 19; 277 (16): 13739-44. Epub 2002 Feb 1].
- the AGT5 protein (autophagy related 5 homolog) is involved in autophagy, where ATG5 forms an ATG12-ATG5 junction through the action of ATG7 and ATG10, and this ATG12-ATG5 migrates to the membrane of the autophagosome and causes ATG8 and phosphatidyl It is known that mice without ATG5, which do not form autophagosomes, die at birth, and that truncated ATG5 can induce cytochrome c secretion and caspase activation in mitochondria. [Nature 432: 1032 -1036 (2004)].
- the ATG7 protein (autophagy related 7 homolog) is involved in progeny, where ATG7 forms an ATG12-ATG5 junction with ATG10, which is associated with the binding of ATG8 and phosphatidylethanolamine with ATG3, in mice without ATG7 It has been reported to die at birth without forming a moth [J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 19; 276 (3): 1701-6. Epub 2000 Nov 28].
- ATG12 protein autophagy related 12 homolog
- ATG12 forms an ATG12-ATG5 junction through the action of ATG7 and ATG10, and this ATG12-ATG5 migrates to the membrane of the autophagosome to bind ATG8 to phosphatidylethanolamine It is known to act on [J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 18; 273 (51): 33889-92.
- BAX protein (BCL2-associated X protein) is a member of the BCL2 protein group, which binds to BCL2 and promotes apoptosis, and is known to be involved in mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cytochrome c secretion [Cell. 1993 Aug 27; 74 (4): 609-19.
- B-cell lymphoma protein 2 is a membrane protein of mitochondria that acts to inhibit apoptosis, inhibits the secretion of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and binds to apoptosis-activating factors to activate caspase activation and apoptosis. It is known to inhibit [Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 1986 Jul; 83 (14): 5214-8].
- BCL2L1 protein (Bcl-2-like 1 protein) is a member of the BCL2 protein family, which is known to be involved in mitochondrial membrane channel sharing and is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Inhibits cell death and the shorter form BCL-XS is known to promote cell death [Cell. 1993 Aug 27; 74 (4): 597-608.
- BNIP3 protein (BCL2 / adenovirus E1B 19kD-interacting protein 3) is capable of binding to E1B 19 kDa protein and BCL2 and is known to induce apoptosis and induction [J Exp Med. 1997 Dec 15; 186 (12): 1975-83.
- CASP8 protein (caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine protease) is an enzyme belonging to the group of caspases. It is a caspase that acts early in the cell death mechanism by FAS, and when activated through binding to FADD and proteolytic cleavage, It is known to activate other caspases [Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 1996 Dec 10; 93 (25): 14486-91; Biochem J. 1997 Aug 15; 326 (Pt 1): 1-16)]
- CSE1L protein (CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like) plays a role in the export of impintin- ⁇ from the nucleus back to the cytoplasm and is known to be involved in apoptosis or cell proliferation [Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 1995 Oct 24; 92 (22): 10427-31.
- DIABLO protein Direct IAP-binding protein with low pI
- IAP inhibitor of Apoptosis protein
- DRAM protein (damage-regulated autophagy modulator) is a membrane protein of lysosomes and is involved in the progeny controlled by p53 tumor suppressors and is known to be essential for apoptosis controlled by p53 [Cell. 2006 Jul 14; 126 (1): 121-34.
- E2F1 protein (E2F transcription factor 1) is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors, closely related to the cell cycle and control of tumor suppressors, and binds to the Rb protein to promote cell growth or induce apoptosis associated with p53. It is known that [Gene. 1996 Sep 16; 173 (2): 163-9.
- FAS proteins (APO-1, CD95, TNFRSF6) are members of the TNF receptor family and receive signal from FAS ligands, together with fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), caspase 8, and caspase 10, and death-inducing signaling. complex and is known to induce apoptosis [J Biol Chem. 1992 May 25; 267 (15): 10709-15.
- FRAP1 protein (Mammalian target of rapamycin), also known as mTOR, mediates the response to stresses such as DNA damage and nutrient depletion in cells, and the TORC2 complex, including FRAP1, inhibits cell cycle arrest and immunosuppression of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex. It is known to be the target of [Nature. 1994 Jun 30; 369 (6483): 756-8.
- LAMP1 protein (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1), also known as CD107a antigen, is a type of protein per membrane that is thought to be involved in metastasis of cancer cells [J Biol Chem. 1990 May 5; 265 (13): 7548-51.
- LC3 protein (MAP1 light chain 3-like protein 1) is a microtubule-associated protein involved in the interaction of the microtubule with the cytoskeleton, and the LC3 protein is an ATG8 homologue of yeast and is acted upon by phosphatidylethanolamine. It is known to form an autophagosome in combination with J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 15; 269 (15): 11492-7.
- the PRKAA1 protein (AMP-activated protein kinase, catalytic, alpha-1) is a catalytic subunit of AMPK, which is a protein that senses cellular energy levels and is activated when the ratio of AMP / ATP increases. It is known to play a role in limiting biosynthetic action [FEBS Lett. 1994 Dec 12; 356 (1): 117-21.
- PTEN proteins phosphatase and tensin homologs
- PI3K-AKT protein phosphatase and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate 3-phosphatase.
- PKB is known to act to attenuate signal transduction [Nat Genet. 1997 Apr; 15 (4): 356-62.
- ULK1 protein (Unc-51-like kinase 1) is a serine / threonine kinase involved in axon growth, also known as ATG1 homologue, and is known to be phosphorylated by mTOR in relation to progeny [Genomics. 1998 Jul 1; 51 (1): 76-85.
- XIAP protein (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is a member of the IAP group, has a strong apoptosis inhibitory effect among IAP, inhibits apoptosis by binding to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors TRAF1 and TRAF2, caspase activity It is known to act as a suppressor [Nature. 1996 Jan 25; 379 (6563): 349-53.
- liver cancer liver cancer
- prognostic marker There was no example used as a prognostic marker.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a biomarker related to the prognosis of liver cancer, to easily and accurately estimate the prognosis of liver cancer patients, and to provide an important starting point for developing a therapeutic agent for liver cancer.
- a liver cancer prognostic marker a composition for estimating liver cancer prognosis comprising a substance for detecting a change in expression amount of the liver cancer prognostic marker, a kit for estimating liver cancer prognosis comprising the liver cancer prognostic estimation composition, and a liver cancer prognostic marker It is intended to provide a method for estimating liver cancer prognosis to be used and a method for screening a liver cancer therapeutic agent using the liver cancer prognostic marker.
- the present inventors compared the gene expression levels of liver cancer tissues collected from a plurality of patients confirmed that the onset of liver cancer, and then used to estimate the prognosis of liver cancer by detecting genes expressing excessive or small amounts specifically according to the progress of each patient. Possible prognostic markers for liver cancer were identified.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a liver cancer prognostic marker comprising one or more combinations selected from the group consisting of the following genes:
- CBS (cystathionine beta-synthase; NCBI GI: 209862802; SEQ ID NO: 79);
- NNMT nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
- TKT (transketolase; NCBI GI: 205277461; SEQ ID NO: 81);
- AIFM1 Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; NCBI GI: 22202627; SEQ ID NO: 82);
- AKT1 (RAC-alpha serine / threonine-protein kinase; NCBI GI: 62241010; SEQ ID NO: 83);
- ATG3 (Autophagy-related protein 3; NCBI GI: 34147490; SEQ ID NO: 84);
- ATG5 Autophagy protein 5; NCBI GI: 92859692; SEQ ID NO: 85;
- ATG7 Autophagy-related protein 7; NCBI GI: 222144225; SEQ ID NO: 86;
- ATG12 Autophagy-related protein 12; NCBI GI: 38261968; SEQ ID NO: 87;
- Apoptosis regulator BAX NCBI GI: 34335114; SEQ ID NO: 88);
- BCL2 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; NCBI GI: 72198188; SEQ ID NO: 89);
- BCL2L1 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-X; NCBI GI: 20336333; SEQ ID NO: 90;
- BNIP3 (BCL2 / adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3; NCBI GI: 7669480; SEQ ID NO: 91);
- CASP8 (Caspase-8; NCBI GI: 122056470; SEQ ID NO: 92);
- CSE1L Exportin-2; NCBI GI: 29029558; SEQ ID NO: 93;
- DIABLO Diablo homolog, mitochondrial; NCBI GI: 218505810; SEQ ID NO: 94;
- DRAM Downlink-regulated autophagy modulator
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 NCBI GI: 23510419; SEQ ID NO: 97;
- FRAP1 FKBP12-rapamycin complex-associated protein; NCBI GI: 206725550; SEQ ID NO: 98);
- LAMP1 (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1; NCBI GI: 112380627; SEQ ID NO: 99);
- LC3 [MAP1LC3A] (Microtubule-associated proteins 1A / 1B light chain 3A; NCBI GI: 31563519; SEQ ID NO: 100);
- PRKAA1 (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; NCBI GI: 94557300; SEQ ID NO: 101);
- PTEN Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN; NCBI GI: 110224474; SEQ ID NO: 102);
- ULK1 Serine / threonine-protein kinase ULK1; NCBI GI: 225637564; SEQ ID NO: 103;
- XIAP Bacteoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4; NCBI GI: 32528298; SEQ ID NO: 104.
- the prognosis of liver cancer can be estimated from various points of view, but is typically judged in terms of recurrence, survival, and disease-free survival.
- the studies described herein obtain a gene expression profile in liver cancer tissues of a number of liver cancer patients, and then, through statistical data processing in consideration of recurrence, viability, and disease-free survival, significantly different expression levels
- the genes were detected by detecting markers that enable the estimation of the prognosis of liver cancer.
- hepatic cancer prognostic marker refers to a genetic marker that serves as a basis for predicting a patient with a good or poor prognosis after the development of liver cancer.
- this marker is characteristically more or less when compared with the experimentally established reference value in the liver cancer tissue of a patient with a good prognosis.
- this marker has a significantly low p-value calculated based on the difference in expression in liver cancer tissue of a patient with a good prognosis and a poor prognosis.
- the p-value is less than 0.05.
- the markers thus identified are those of liver cancer.
- Patients with a good or poor prognosis can be specifically distinguished from patients who do not, and thus can be usefully used to estimate the prognosis of liver cancer.
- the physiological function of these markers is the development and progression of liver cancer, in particular the physiological functions associated with the prognosis.
- the marker may be directly related to, and thus this marker may be usefully used as a target for studying the mechanism of liver cancer development and progression or for developing a liver cancer therapeutic agent.
- liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the present invention is obtained by statistically analyzing liver cancer tissues of a large number of patients without a conventional origin, it has been discovered based on the gene expression profile of liver cancer tissues of very few patients. These markers are more meaningful and clinically valuable than liver cancer related markers, and have more accurate predictive power in estimating liver cancer prognosis.
- the second aspect of the present invention relates to a composition for estimating hepatic cancer prognosis comprising a substance that specifically detects the expression level, expression pattern, or both of the liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect.
- the expression level or expression pattern of each liver cancer prognostic marker can be detected by a conventional biochemical analysis method for confirming the amount or pattern of mRNA generated by transcription of the gene.
- Analytical methods for determining the amount or pattern of such mRNAs include RT-PCR, competitive RT-PCR, Real-time RT-PCR, and RNase protection assay. , Northern blot, DNA microarray and the like, but any method conventionally performed in the art may be used.
- the amount or pattern of mRNA in a biological sample of liver cancer patients can be compared with a baseline, from which the difference in expression level, expression pattern, or both of liver cancer prognostic markers of the present invention is detected, and liver cancer It is possible to estimate the prognosis of the patient.
- biological sample refers to a cell or tissue isolated from a human body capable of detecting the amount or pattern of expression of a liver cancer prognostic marker or the amount or pattern of protein encoding a liver cancer prognostic marker. , Blood, plasma, serum, and the like, but is not particularly limited thereto.
- Kits for measuring the amount or pattern of mRNA by RT-PCR include primers specific for the mRNA of the liver cancer prognostic markers of the invention.
- a "primer” refers to a nucleic acid sequence having a free 3 'hydroxyl group capable of complementarily binding to a template and allowing reverse transcriptase or DNA polymerase to initiate replication of the template. Means.
- a primer is a nucleotide having a sequence complementary to the nucleic acid sequence of a particular gene, and may be used in a length of about 7 bp to 50 bp, preferably about 10 bp to 30 bp.
- RT-PCR kits may include test tubes or other suitable containers, reaction buffers, deoxynucleotides (dNTPs), enzymes such as Taq-polymerase and reverse transcriptase, DNAse, RNAse inhibitor DEPC-water (DEPCwater), depending on the specific embodiment. , Sterile water and the like.
- Primers can initiate DNA synthesis in the presence of four different nucleoside triphosphates and reagents for polymerization (ie, DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase) at appropriate buffers and temperatures.
- the primer may also include additional other base sequences that do not change the basic properties of the primer that serve as the starting point for DNA synthesis.
- Primers can be chemically synthesized using well known methods, and such nucleic acid sequences can also be modified using many means known in the art.
- a substance which specifically detects the expression amount, expression pattern, or both of the liver cancer prognostic markers is specific to the marker in the method for analyzing the expression amount or expression pattern of the liver cancer prognostic markers. Any material that can be used as or a combination of two or more thereof, and is not necessarily limited to primers for RT-PCR.
- the second aspect of the present invention is a technical feature of detecting the difference by comparing the expression level or expression pattern of liver cancer prognostic markers in liver cancer tissues of the subject liver cancer patients with a reference value, and thus a substance capable of detecting such a difference.
- a third aspect of the present invention relates to a composition for estimating hepatic cancer prognosis comprising a substance that specifically detects an amount of a protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect, a presence pattern, or both.
- each marker is encoded in the sample
- the method of inferring the expression amount and expression pattern of each marker can also be used by detecting the quantity or expression pattern of the said protein.
- Specific detection of the amount or pattern of the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker in the present invention refers to the process of identifying how and in what pattern the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker of the present invention in a biological sample. For example, a process of confirming the amount or pattern of existence using an antibody that specifically binds to the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker may be utilized.
- the term "antibody” refers to a protein that can specifically bind to epitopes of an antigen, and is a concept including all polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, and recombinant antibodies.
- Methods for measuring the amount or pattern of abundance of proteins using an antibody include Western blot, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay, radioimmunodiffusion, and Ouchterlony. Immune diffusion, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, tissue immunostaining, immunoprecipitation assay, complement fixation assay, FACS, protein chip, etc. Any method performed by the above can be used.
- the amount of antigen-antibody complex formed in a biological sample of a target liver cancer patient and its formation pattern can be compared with the reference value. From this, the amount or presence pattern of the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker of the present invention can be compared. The prognosis of the liver cancer patient can be estimated ultimately.
- antigen-antibody complex means a combination of a protein encoded by a liver cancer prognostic marker and an antibody specific thereto, and the amount or pattern of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is usually a detection label associated with a secondary antibody. Measurement is possible by detecting the magnitude and pattern of the signal.
- detection labels include, but are not limited to, enzymes, fluorescent materials, ligands, luminescent materials, microparticles, redox molecules, radioisotopes, and the like.
- enzymes When enzymes are used as detection labels, available enzymes include ⁇ -glucuronidase, ⁇ -D-glucosidase, ⁇ -D-galactosidase, urease, peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinese Therapase, glucose oxidase, hexokinase and GDPase, RNase, glucose oxidase, luciferase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase, phosphphenolpyruvate deca Carboxylase, ⁇ -latamase, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- fluorescent materials include fluorescein, isothiocyanate, rhodamine, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, o-phthalaldehyde, fluorescamine, etc.
- available fluorescent materials include fluorescein, isothiocyanate, rhodamine, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, o-phthalaldehyde, fluorescamine, etc.
- available ligands include, but are not limited to, biotin derivatives.
- a luminescent material include, but are not limited to, acridinium ester, luciferin, luciferase, and the like.
- the microparticles available include, but are not limited to, colloidal gold and colored latex.
- the available redox molecules include ferrocene, ruthenium complex, biologen, quinone, Ti ion, Cs ion, diimide, 1,4-benzoquinone, hydroquinone, K4W (CN) 8 , [Os (bpy) 3] 2+, [RU (bpy) 3] 2+, [MO (CN) 8] 4- and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- radioisotopes When radioisotopes are used as detection labels, the radioisotopes available include, but are not limited to, 3H, 14C, 32P, 35S, 36Cl, 51Cr, 57Co, 58Co, 59Fe, 90Y, 125I, 131I or 186Re.
- a substance that specifically detects the amount, pattern, or both of the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker is used to detect the amount or pattern of the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker.
- the marker may be any substance that can be used specifically for the protein encoding, and is not necessarily limited to the antibody.
- the third aspect of the present invention is because the technical features of detecting the difference by comparing the amount or pattern of presence of the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker in the biological sample of the subject liver cancer patient with the reference value, it is possible to detect such a difference
- Any substance to be used can be used as "a substance which specifically detects the amount of a protein, the pattern of abundance, or both of which the liver cancer prognostic marker encodes", and can achieve the technical effect which this invention aims at, If the reference to the average knowledge and well-known technology in the art can be used to select / select the appropriate material according to the specific embodiment without particular difficulties.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a kit for estimating liver cancer prognosis comprising a composition for estimating hepatic cancer prognosis of the second or third aspect of the present invention.
- the kit for estimating liver cancer prognosis of the present invention includes a substance that specifically detects the expression amount, expression pattern, or both of the expression of the liver cancer prognostic marker included in the composition for estimating the liver cancer prognosis, or the amount of the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker, or the presence thereof.
- the substance which specifically detects the pattern or both it further comprises one or more other components, solutions or devices suitable for the method for analyzing the gene expression amount or expression pattern or for the method for analyzing the amount or presence of protein. can do.
- the diagnostic kit when the diagnostic kit is a diagnostic kit for detecting the expression level or expression pattern of a gene, the diagnostic kit may be a diagnostic kit including essential components necessary to perform RT-PCR, such RT PCR kits can be used in addition to individual primers specific for mRNA of the marker gene, depending on the specific embodiment, such as, for example, test tubes or other suitable containers, reaction buffers, deoxynucleotides (dNTPs), Taq-polymerases and reverse transcriptases. Enzymes, DNAse, RNAse inhibitor DEPC-water (DEPCwater), sterile water, primer pairs specific for genes used as quantitative controls, and the like.
- the diagnostic kit when the diagnostic kit is a diagnostic kit for detecting the amount or pattern of the presence of the protein, the diagnostic kit may be, for example, a diagnostic kit containing essential components necessary to perform the ELISA, such ELISA kit Is an antibody that is specific for components capable of detecting bound antibodies, such as labeled secondary antibodies, chromopores, enzymes (eg, enzymes conjugated with antibodies) and substrates thereof, and quantitative control proteins. And the like.
- the diagnostic kit may comprise a DNA microarray or a protein microarray.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention the first step of treating the liver cancer prognosis composition of the second aspect of the present invention to a biological sample collected from a target liver cancer patient; And a second step of detecting a difference between the expression level, expression pattern, or both of the liver cancer prognostic marker of claim 1 based on the treatment result of the first step against a reference value.
- liver cancer prognostic markers when detecting a difference in the expression level of liver cancer prognostic markers that are expressed more in liver cancer tissues of a patient with a good prognosis of liver cancer, if the expression level of the markers in a biological sample of a subject liver cancer patient is greater than the reference value, This suggests that the prognosis of liver cancer will be relatively good.
- the difference in the expression amount of liver cancer prognostic markers expressed more in the liver cancer tissues of patients with poor prognosis of liver cancer when detecting the difference in the expression amount of liver cancer prognostic markers expressed more in the liver cancer tissues of patients with poor prognosis of liver cancer, if the expression amount of the markers in the biological sample of the subject liver cancer patients In many cases, this suggests that the prognosis for liver cancer will be relatively poor.
- liver cancer prognostic marker that is expressed more in liver cancer tissue of a patient with a good prognosis of liver cancer
- the marker in the biological sample of the subject liver cancer patient is If the amount of protein encoding is greater than the baseline, this may indicate that the prognosis of liver cancer will be relatively good.
- liver cancer prognostic marker that is expressed more in liver cancer tissue of a patient with a poor prognosis of liver cancer
- the marker in the biological sample of the subject liver cancer patient is If the amount of protein encoding is greater than the baseline, this may indicate that the prognosis for liver cancer will be relatively poor.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention relates to a method for screening a liver cancer therapeutic agent utilizing the liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the present invention.
- the hepatic cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the present invention may be a gene directly involved in the development or progression of liver cancer, in particular the physiological function associated with the prognosis, since the difference in the expression pattern according to the prognosis of the liver cancer patient is prominent.
- the protein encoded by the marker may be useful as a target protein for studying the mechanism of liver cancer development or progression, or for the development of a therapeutic agent for liver cancer. That is, since the liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the present invention solves an important premise of the development of a therapeutic agent for liver cancer, a method for screening a therapeutic agent for liver cancer using this marker is also within the scope of the present invention.
- An example of a sixth aspect of the invention is a method of screening for a liver cancer therapeutic agent comprising the step of identifying whether the test compound promotes or inhibits the expression of the liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the invention.
- Methods for screening such therapeutic agents include, for example, RT-PCR, competitive RT-PCR, Real-time RT-PCR, RNase protection assay, Northern blots, DNA microarrays, SAGE [Serial Analysis of Gene Expression; Velculescu et al, Science 270: 484-7, MPSS [Massively Parellel Signature Sequencing; Brenner et al, PNAS. USA. 97, 1665-1670, and the like, but in addition, a number of known methods known in the art may be used as necessary.
- another example of the sixth aspect of the present invention may include a first step of binding a test compound to a protein encoded by a liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the present invention; And a second step of confirming whether the test compound promotes or inhibits the physiological activity of the protein.
- a method of screening such a therapeutic agent a method of fixing the proteinaceous marker for early diagnosis of liver cancer of the first aspect of the present invention in an affinity column and contacting and purifying the sample [Pandya et al, Virus Res 87: 135-143, 2002] ], Using the two-hybrid method, Western blot, high throughput screening method [High-Throughput Screening; Aviezer et al, J Biomol Screen 6: 171-7, 2001, and the like, but in addition, a number of known methods known in the art may be used as necessary.
- test compound for use in screening in the sixth aspect of the present invention for example, tissue extracts, expression products of gene libraries, synthetic compounds, synthetic peptides, natural compounds and the like can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention relates to an antibody that specifically recognizes a protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the present invention.
- Antibodies that specifically recognize the liver cancer prognostic markers of the first aspect of the present invention are representative substances that specifically detect the amount or pattern of the protein encoded by the liver cancer prognostic markers, and thus may be useful for estimating the prognosis of liver cancer. Corresponds to the possible substances. Furthermore, in some cases, the activity of a protein that plays an important role in the development or progression of liver cancer may be specifically promoted or inhibited, and thus may be used as a therapeutic agent for liver cancer.
- liver cancer prognostic markers of the first aspect of the present invention Since the liver cancer prognostic markers of the first aspect of the present invention have been discovered, the production of polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and recombinant antibodies to the proteins encoded by the respective liver cancer prognostic markers using techniques well known in the art. It can be performed easily.
- Polyclonal antibodies can be produced by methods well known in the art for injecting into the animal the protein antigen encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the invention described above and collecting blood from the animal to obtain a serum comprising the antibody.
- Such polyclonal antibodies can be prepared from a variety of animal species hosts such as goats, rabbits, sheep, monkeys, horses, pigs, cattle, dogs, and the like, and methods for their preparation are well known in the art.
- Monoclonal antibodies are known in the art by the hybridoma method (see Kohler and Milstein (1976) European Jounral of Immunology 6: 511-519), or phage antibody libraries (Clackson et al, Nature, 352: 624-628, 1991; Marks et al, J. Mol. Biol., 222: 58, 1-597, 1991), and the like.
- the hybridoma method utilizes cells from an immunologically suitable host animal, such as a mouse, injected with a protein antigen encoded by the liver cancer prognostic marker of the first aspect of the invention, with the other population being cancer or myeloma Use cell lines.
- Phage antibody library method is a method of producing an antibody library in vitro by obtaining a gene of the desired antibody and expressing it in the form of a fusion protein on the surface of the phage, to isolate the desired monoclonal antibody from the library to produce a monoclonal antibody .
- Monoclonal antibodies prepared by the above method can be separated using known methods such as gel electrophoresis, dialysis, salt precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography.
- Antibodies of the seventh aspect of the invention include functional fragments of antibody molecules, as well as complete forms having two full length light chains and two full length heavy chains.
- the functional fragment of an antibody molecule means the fragment which has an antigen binding function, and includes Fab, F (ab '), F (ab') 2, and Fv.
- the present invention is a liver cancer prognostic marker, a composition for estimating liver cancer prognosis comprising a substance for detecting a change in the expression amount of the liver cancer prognostic marker, a kit for estimating liver cancer prognosis comprising the composition for estimating liver cancer prognosis, the liver cancer
- a method for estimating liver cancer prognosis using a prognostic marker and a method for screening a liver cancer therapeutic agent using the liver cancer prognostic marker.
- the hepatic cancer prognostic marker may be useful for simple and accurate prognostic estimation of liver cancer patients. Furthermore, the physiological function of this marker may be directly related to the onset or progression of liver cancer, and thus the marker may be useful as a target for studying the mechanism of liver cancer development or progression or for developing a liver cancer therapeutic agent.
- the hepatic cancer prognostic markers are statistically significant and clinically valuable markers because they have been statistically analyzed and found in liver cancer tissues of a large number of patients without a conventional origin, and have more accurate predictive power in estimating the prognosis of liver cancer. It is.
- 1 to 10 are Kaplan-Meier curves showing the liver cancer prognostic markers of the present invention measured in terms of recurrence, survival, and disease free survival.
- RNA of each tissue was extracted and cDNA was synthesized in the following manner.
- T 1 ⁇ M oligod
- Enzyme mixture [2 ⁇ l of 0.1 M DTT (Duchefa, Netherlands), 2 ⁇ l of 10 ⁇ reverse transcript buffer, 5 ⁇ l of 2 mM dNTP, 1 ⁇ l of 200 U / ⁇ l MMLV reverse transcriptase, and 40 U / ⁇ l RNase inhibitor (Korea Enzynomics) 1 ⁇ l; 11 ⁇ l total] was prepared separately.
- the enzyme mixture was added to the sample containing the RNA, incubated at 42 ° C. for 90 minutes, and then incubated at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to inactivate reverse transcriptase. Diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) -treated water was added to the sample to a final volume of 400 ⁇ l.
- DEPC Diethylpyrocarbonate
- NNMT nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
- Real-time PCR analysis was performed using 5 ⁇ l of 2 ⁇ Takman gene expression main mixture (Applied Biosystems, USA), 1 ⁇ l of 5 ⁇ M forward and reverse primer, 1 ⁇ l of 1 ⁇ M probe (Genotech Korea), 2 ⁇ l of cDNA (control equivalent) Real time PCR analysis was carried out in a total volume of 10 ⁇ l. After 10 minutes of dissociation at 95 ° C., dissociation for 15 seconds at 95 ° C., and amplification through a cycle of synthesis at 60 ° C. for 1 minute. Primer and probe sequences were designed using Primer Express 3.0 (Applied Biosystems, USA) and all probe sequences were labeled with FAM at the 5 'end and TAMRA at the 3' end. For each marker, primers and probe sequences as shown in Table 1 were used:
- each marker gene was measured three times and normalized by subtracting the average expression of five reference genes (B2M, GAPDH, HMBS, HPRT1, and SDHA).
- the CT of each marker (the number of cycles required to achieve the baseline) was measured, the ⁇ CT value (CT-average CT of the reference gene of each marker) was calculated, and the copy number of mRNA was calculated as 2 - ⁇ CT .
- Standard curves were completed from the results of simultaneous amplification of serial dilutions of cDNA samples.
- interval survival (or interval recurrence rate) was determined by dividing surviving patients (or relapsed patients) by the number of subjects at risk. Cumulative survival (or cumulative relapse rate) is a conditional probability, which is obtained by multiplying the previous cumulative survival rate (or cumulative relapse rate) by the current interval survival rate (or interval recurrence rate). Kaplan-Meier curves were completed by plotting the abscissa as the survival time (or observation period) and the ordinate as the cumulative survival rate (or cumulative relapse rate) as a step function.
- Kaplan-Meier curves for relapse, survival, and disease free survival were completed.
- the expression of each marker measured in Example 2 was classified into high and low expression based on the statistically significant reference value determined experimentally, and Kaplan-Meier curves were separated for the high and low expression for each marker. Was completed.
- the completed Kaplan-Meier curve is shown in FIG. 1.
- each marker represents a case of high and low expression.
- the case formed a distinct curve. This means that there is a significant difference in the interval recurrence rate or interval survival rate and the cumulative relapse rate or cumulative survival rate based on the high and low expression levels of each marker. In other words, it can be an indicator of the viability.
- the significance test by the log-rank method is performed by calculating the chi-square test statistics by calculating the observation and expectation values at each time point of relapse or death.
- the calculated p-values are shown in Table 2 below.
- each marker or combination of both showed a significantly lower p-value for both relapse, survival and disease free survival.
- all p-values for relapse, survival, and disease-free survival for the combination of the two markers were preferred below 0.05.
- the lower p-value suggests that the hepatic cancer prognosis according to each marker or combination of both will be more accurate.
- TKT (transketolase; NCBI GI: 205277461; SEQ ID NO: 81).
- the marker formed a curve that is distinctly distinguished between the case of high and low expression. This means that there is a significant difference in the interval recurrence rate or interval survival rate, and the cumulative recurrence rate or cumulative survival rate based on the high and low expression of the marker, and as a result, the expression pattern of the marker is likely to recur later in the patient. In other words, it can be an indicator of the viability.
- the markers showed p-values less than 0.05 for both relapse, survival, and disease-free survival, indicating a low p-value at the desired level.
- the lower p-value suggests that the hepatic cancer prognosis according to the marker will be more accurate.
- the experiment was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3, except that the liver cancer tissues and normal tissues of 369 liver cancer patients were obtained and tested, and the Kaplan-Meier curve and p- using the following 23 genes as markers. The value was obtained:
- AIFM1 Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; NCBI GI: 22202627; SEQ ID NO: 82);
- AKT1 (RAC-alpha serine / threonine-protein kinase; NCBI GI: 62241010; SEQ ID NO: 83);
- ATG3 (Autophagy-related protein 3; NCBI GI: 34147490; SEQ ID NO: 84);
- ATG5 Autophagy protein 5; NCBI GI: 92859692; SEQ ID NO: 85;
- ATG7 Autophagy-related protein 7; NCBI GI: 222144225; SEQ ID NO: 86;
- ATG12 Autophagy-related protein 12; NCBI GI: 38261968; SEQ ID NO: 87;
- Apoptosis regulator BAX NCBI GI: 34335114; SEQ ID NO: 88);
- BCL2 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; NCBI GI: 72198188; SEQ ID NO: 89);
- BCL2L1 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-X; NCBI GI: 20336333; SEQ ID NO: 90;
- BNIP3 (BCL2 / adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3; NCBI GI: 7669480; SEQ ID NO: 91);
- CASP8 (Caspase-8; NCBI GI: 122056470; SEQ ID NO: 92);
- CSE1L Exportin-2; NCBI GI: 29029558; SEQ ID NO: 93;
- DIABLO Diablo homolog, mitochondrial; NCBI GI: 218505810; SEQ ID NO: 94;
- DRAM Downlink-regulated autophagy modulator
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 NCBI GI: 23510419; SEQ ID NO: 97;
- FRAP1 FKBP12-rapamycin complex-associated protein; NCBI GI: 206725550; SEQ ID NO: 98);
- LAMP1 (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1; NCBI GI: 112380627; SEQ ID NO: 99);
- LC3 [MAP1LC3A] (Microtubule-associated proteins 1A / 1B light chain 3A; NCBI GI: 31563519; SEQ ID NO: 100);
- PRKAA1 (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; NCBI GI: 94557300; SEQ ID NO: 101);
- PTEN Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN; NCBI GI: 110224474; SEQ ID NO: 102);
- ULK1 Serine / threonine-protein kinase ULK1; NCBI GI: 225637564; SEQ ID NO: 103;
- XIAP Bacteoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4; NCBI GI: 32528298; SEQ ID NO: 1044
- each marker formed a distinct curve between high and low expression. This means that there is a significant difference in the rate of interval recurrence or interval survival, and the cumulative recurrence rate or cumulative survival rate based on the high and low expression of each marker. In other words, it can be an indicator of the viability.
- every marker or combination of two markers showed a significantly lower p-value for both relapse, survival and disease free survival.
- the lower the p-value the greater the statistical significance.
- the lower p-value suggests that hepatic cancer prognostic estimates for each marker or combination thereof will be accurate.
- each marker or any combination of two markers exhibited preferably low p-values of mostly less than 0.05.
- the p-values for the combination of three or more markers were all less than 0.05.
- the single lowest p-value or combination of two or more markers and corresponding p-values are shown in Table 10 below.
- AIFM1_AKT1_LC3 (71.3% at p ⁇ 0.05)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 하기 유전자로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상의 조합을 포함하는 간암 예후 마커:CBS (cystathionine beta-synthase; NCBI GI: 209862802; 서열번호 79);NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase; NCBI GI: 62953139; 서열번호 80);TKT (transketolase; NCBI GI: 205277461; 서열번호 81);AIFM1 (Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; NCBI GI: 22202627; 서열번호 82);AKT1 (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; NCBI GI: 62241010; 서열번호 83);ATG3 (Autophagy-related protein 3; NCBI GI: 34147490; 서열번호 84);ATG5 (Autophagy protein 5; NCBI GI: 92859692; 서열번호 85);ATG7 (Autophagy-related protein 7; NCBI GI: 222144225; 서열번호 86);ATG12 (Autophagy-related protein 12; NCBI GI: 38261968; 서열번호 87);BAX (Apoptosis regulator BAX; NCBI GI: 34335114; 서열번호 88);BCL2 (Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; NCBI GI: 72198188; 서열번호 89);BCL2L1 (Apoptosis regulator Bcl-X; NCBI GI: 20336333; 서열번호 90);BNIP3 (BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3; NCBI GI: 7669480; 서열번호 91);CASP8 (Caspase-8; NCBI GI: 122056470; 서열번호 92);CSE1L (Exportin-2; NCBI GI: 29029558; 서열번호 93);DIABLO (Diablo homolog, mitochondrial; NCBI GI: 218505810; 서열번호 94);DRAM (Damage-regulated autophagy modulator; NCBI GI: 110825977; 서열번호 95);E2F1 (Transcription factor E2F1; NCBI GI: 168480109; 서열번호 96);FAS (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6; NCBI GI: 23510419; 서열번호 97);FRAP1 (FKBP12-rapamycin complex-associated protein; NCBI GI: 206725550; 서열번호 98);LAMP1 (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1; NCBI GI: 112380627; 서열번호 99);LC3[MAP1LC3A] (Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A; NCBI GI: 31563519; 서열번호 100);PRKAA1 (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; NCBI GI: 94557300; 서열번호 101);PTEN (Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN; NCBI GI: 110224474; 서열번호 102);ULK1 (Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1; NCBI GI: 225637564; 서열번호 103); 및XIAP (Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4; NCBI GI: 32528298; 서열번호 104).
- 제 1 항의 간암 예후 마커의 발현량, 발현 패턴, 또는 양자 모두를 특이적으로 검출하는 물질을 포함하는 간암 예후 추정용 조성물.
- 제 1 항의 간암 예후 마커가 코딩하는 단백질의 존재량, 존재 패턴, 또는 양자 모두를 특이적으로 검출하는 물질을 포함하는 간암 예후 추정용 조성물.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 간암 예후 마커의 발현량, 발현 패턴, 또는 양자 모두를 특이적으로 검출하는 물질이 간암 예후 마커의 mRNA를 검출하기 위한 RT-PCR용 프라이머인 간암 예후 추정용 조성물.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 간암 예후 마커가 코딩하는 단백질의 존재량, 존재 패턴, 또는 양자 모두를 특이적으로 검출하는 물질이 상기 단백질을 특이적으로 인식하는 항체인 간암 예후 추정용 조성물.
- 제 2 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항의 간암 예후 추정용 조성물을 포함하는 간암 예후 추정용 키트.
- 제 2 항 또는 제 4 항의 간암 예후 추정용 조성물을 대상 간암 환자에게서 채취한 생물학적 시료에 처리하는 제 1 단계; 및제 1 단계의 처리 결과를 기준치와 대비하여 제 1 항의 간암 예후 마커의 발현량, 발현 패턴, 또는 양자 모두의 차이를 검출하는 제 2 단계;를 포함하는 간암 예후 추정 방법.
- 제 3 항 또는 제 5 항의 간암 예후 추정용 조성물을 간암 환자에게서 채취한 생물학적 시료에 처리하는 제 1 단계; 및제 1 단계의 처리 결과를 기준치와 대비하여 제 1 항의 간암 예후 마커가 코딩하는 단백질의 존재량, 존재 패턴, 또는 양자 모두의 차이를 검출하는 제 2 단계;를 포함하는 간암 예후 추정 방법.
- 시험 화합물이 제 1 항의 간암 예후 마커의 발현을 촉진 또는 억제하는지 여부를 확인하는 단계;를 포함하는 간암 치료제의 스크리닝 방법.
- 제 1 항의 간암 예후 마커가 코딩하는 단백질에 시험 화합물을 결합시키는 제 1 단계; 및시험 화합물이 상기 단백질의 생리학적 활성을 촉진 또는 억제하는지 여부를 확인하는 제 2 단계;를 포함하는 간암 치료제의 스크리닝 방법.
- 제 1 항의 간암 예후 마커가 코딩하는 단백질을 특이적으로 인식하는 항체.
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