WO2010119927A1 - コハク酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
コハク酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010119927A1 WO2010119927A1 PCT/JP2010/056783 JP2010056783W WO2010119927A1 WO 2010119927 A1 WO2010119927 A1 WO 2010119927A1 JP 2010056783 W JP2010056783 W JP 2010056783W WO 2010119927 A1 WO2010119927 A1 WO 2010119927A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- succinic acid
- sucrose
- producing
- microorganism
- gene
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/44—Polycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/46—Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing succinic acid using a microorganism.
- a method for producing a dicarboxylic acid such as succinic acid using a microorganism a method using an anaerobic bacterium or a method using a coryneform bacterium is known (see Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- an aerobic bacterium such as Corynebacterium
- a method is often used in which cells are grown under aerobic conditions to obtain microbial cells and used as stationary microbial cells to act on organic raw materials.
- succinic acid can be added by adding biotin. It is disclosed that the generation amount increases (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- the method using the additive to the medium is not a preferable method because of the high production cost.
- sucrose derived from plants is concentrated by removing and purifying the sugar solution obtained by crushing and compressing the plant body into a crude purified sucrose, and then performing a decolorization step on the crude purified sugar.
- Sugar as a raw material used in the disclosed production method of succinic acid is molasses (sweet sugar molasses, sugar beet molasses, high test molasses, etc.) that is sucrose obtained during the production process of the purified sucrose (See Patent Documents 1 to 7 and Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- molasses sweet sugar molasses, sugar beet molasses, high test molasses, etc.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing succinic acid in which the production efficiency of succinic acid is improved and the production cost is reduced by using predetermined sucrose as a raw material sugar in the method for producing succinic acid using microorganisms. The issue is to provide.
- succinic acid is produced by a sucrose containing a specific amount of a specific impurity as a raw material by a microorganism having succinic acid-producing ability such as coryneform bacteria. As a result, it was found that the production efficiency of succinic acid was improved as compared with the use of purified sucrose as a raw material, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention is as follows. 1. A method for producing succinic acid, wherein a microorganism having succinic acid producing ability is allowed to act on sucrose, wherein the sucrose is as follows. Containing a substance that is detected at a retention time of 6.7 to 6.95 minutes when an aqueous solution prepared at a sucrose concentration of 1% by weight is measured using high performance liquid chromatography under the following measurement conditions; Sucrose having a substance content of 0.02 g / L to 100 g / L in terms of succinic acid.
- the peak top time [a] is the peak top time [b] of the succinic acid standard.
- the content of the substance in the aqueous solution is 0.02 g / Sucrose that is L-100 g / L.
- the microorganism having the ability to produce succinic acid is a microorganism selected from the group consisting of coryneform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Anaerobiospirillum genus, Actinobacillus genus, filamentous fungi and yeast 5.
- the microorganism is at least one genetically modified so that lactate dehydrogenase activity is reduced compared to the unmodified type and genetically modified so that pyruvate carboxylase activity is enhanced compared to the unmodified type. 7.
- a method for producing 1,4-butanediol comprising a step of producing succinic acid by the method according to any one of items 1 to 10 and a step of hydrogenating succinic acid obtained in the step. 12 11.
- a method for producing a succinic acid-containing polymer comprising a step of producing succinic acid by the method according to any one of items 1 to 10 and a step of performing a polymerization reaction using the succinic acid obtained in the step as a raw material.
- succinic acid can be efficiently produced at low cost.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing succinic acid (hereinafter referred to as succinic acid production method), characterized in that a succinic acid-producing microorganism is allowed to act on sucrose containing specific impurities to produce succinic acid and collect the product (hereinafter referred to as succinic acid).
- succinic acid production method a method for producing succinic acid
- a succinic acid-producing microorganism is allowed to act on sucrose containing specific impurities to produce succinic acid and collect the product (hereinafter referred to as succinic acid).
- succinic acid This is sometimes referred to as “the production method of the present invention” or “the production method of succinic acid”.
- the production method of the present invention means that a microorganism or a preparation thereof is allowed to act on sucrose in a reaction solution to produce succinic acid.
- sucrose used for the production of succinic acid by a microorganism having succinic acid-producing ability is sucrose having at least one of the following characteristics (A) to (C): , Sometimes referred to as “sucrose containing impurities X”).
- impurity X A substance (hereinafter, referred to as “impurity X”) that is at least one of the following (i) to (iii) detected by high performance liquid chromatography performed on an aqueous solution prepared to a sucrose concentration of 1% by weight: ) And the content of the substance in the aqueous solution is 0.02 g / L to 100 g / L in terms of succinic acid.
- purified sucrose means that the content of impurity X obtained by performing high performance liquid chromatography under the same measurement conditions as in the detection of impurity X is 0.02 g in terms of succinic acid. / L Less than sucrose.
- the content of the impurity X is determined as a succinic acid equivalent value by performing high performance liquid chromatography under the same conditions as the measurement conditions in the detection of the impurity X and analyzing at a wavelength of 210 nm using a UV detector.
- succinic acid preparation succinic acid solution whose concentration has already been measured
- the content of the impurity X is determined from the ratio of the peak area value of the succinic acid detected in the succinic acid sample and the peak area value of the impurity X.
- the succinic acid sample to be used for example, one having a concentration of 10 g / L can be used.
- the calculation method of the peak area of the impurity X is not particularly limited, but a calculation method that can be used by those skilled in the art can be used.
- the point obtained by vertically dividing the peak in the valley between the fructose and impurity X peaks is the start point (near 6.6 minutes), and the impurity X peak end point (near 7.2 minutes) from the start point.
- the base line is a horizontal line from the rising edge of the first peak (near 3.8 minutes) to the impurity X peak end point.
- the content of the impurity X is 0.02 g / L or more, preferably 0.50 g / L or more. Moreover, it is 100 g / L or less, it is preferable that it is 50 g / L or less, and it is more preferable that it is 20 g / L.
- the inner diameter of the separation column under the measurement conditions i to iii is preferably 7.8 to 8.2 mm, and more preferably 7.9 to 8.1 mm.
- the length of the column is preferably 260 to 340 mm, more preferably 280 to 320 mm.
- the particle size of the substrate used for the separation column under the measurement conditions ii and iii is 7 to 11 ⁇ m, and preferably 8 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the substrate of the separation column under the measurement conditions ii and iii is not particularly limited as long as it is a substrate-crosslinked styrene divinylbenzene copolymer that is one of cation exchange resins having protonic sulfonic acid groups. It is preferably 7 to 9%.
- sucrose containing impurity X enhances succinic acid fermentation, and that succinic acid production rate and content of impurity X have a certain correlation.
- Impurity X is assumed to be a mixture of plant-derived anaerobic metabolism promoting substances, although details of the mechanism of action and the like are unknown.
- impurity X acts on the activation of anaerobic metabolism. It is assumed that the component is likely to be a component.
- microorganisms can select the most efficient metabolic pathway under each condition. For example, the metabolic pathway that is necessary and most energy efficient depending on the type of nutrient source is activated or utilized.
- succinic acid fermentation it is common to carry out a process of producing succinic acid mainly under an anaerobic atmosphere after culturing (growing) the microorganism mainly under an aerobic atmosphere.
- Impurity X is not only a component that promotes anaerobic metabolism when succinic acid is used as the final product, but also an inhibitory component for the production of by-products such as lactic acid, acetic acid, amino acids, and glycerol (other end products of anaerobic metabolism). is expected. It is important to influence various metabolic pathways because of the mixture, and it is predicted that an effect that cannot be obtained by a single product has occurred.
- biotin is known as a trace component that promotes succinic acid fermentation, but the present inventors have confirmed that impurity X is not biotin.
- impurity X is not biotin.
- a sufficient amount of biotin is separately added to the culture medium. Therefore, it is clear that the promoting effect is not due to biotin.
- a novel substance exists as at least one of an acid production enhancing substance and a by-product production inhibiting substance.
- purified sucrose in the present specification refers to sucrose obtained by further decolorizing the sucrose containing the impurity X of the present invention.
- sugar solution extracted from plants means a sugar solution obtained by pressing or leaching a sugar cane, sugar beet, sugar maple or the like that is generally used as a raw material for sucrose, and lime washing the sugar solution. What you did. As a kind of plant, since many impurities X are contained, sugarcane is preferable.
- the “decolorization step” specifically means that after washing and dissolving a sugar solution squeezed from a plant or a crystal of the sugar solution, impurities are precipitated by an acid saturation treatment, and the impurities are removed. It refers to a step of filtering with activated carbon, a filter, centrifugation, etc., and a step of desalting with an ion exchange resin or the like.
- a method for precipitating impurities other than purified sucrose in addition to the acid saturation treatment, a method by adding a polymer flocculant, coagulation precipitation by lime milk, or the like can also be used.
- decolorization steps are already known as methods for producing purified sucrose, and examples thereof include the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-42899.
- the method of concentrating and purifying the sugar solution extracted from the plant is not specifically limited, but, for example, sugar cane, it is created from the “pressing process” for extracting sucrose from sugar cane.
- the lime washing process removes impurities from the squeezed juice by coagulation sedimentation with lime milk, the filtration and concentration process filters and concentrates the lime washing supernatant, and the syrup obtained in the filtration and concentration process is vacuumed “Crystal (decoction) process” for crystallization with a crystal can, etc., “Separation process” for separating crystals and molasses obtained in the crystal (decoction) process with a centrifuge, etc., obtained in the separation process A method of passing through a “sugar washing step” in which crystals and honey are added to wash the crystals.
- the sucrose used in the production method of the present invention is produced through at least a “squeezing step”, and preferably produced through a “lime washing step” and a “filtration / concentration step”. Further, it is more preferably produced through a “crystal (decoction) process”, and particularly preferably produced through a “separation process”. Sucrose obtained in the separation step is separated into crystallized sucrose (sometimes referred to as “crude sucrose”) and molasses. Crude refined sucrose is more preferable in that it has good storage stability and can reduce logistics costs such as transportation.
- control of impurity removal in the “lime washing process”, control of filtration conditions and sucrose concentration in the “filtration / concentration process”, control of crystallization conditions in the “crystal (decoction) process” and separation in the “separation process” By performing at least one control of the conditions, the content of the impurity X in sucrose can be controlled within a predetermined range. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce succinic acid production-inhibiting substances such as plant-derived antibacterial substances and substances that impose a load on purification of succinic acid produced from plant-derived lipids and inorganic ions.
- the “decolorization step” mainly includes an “impurity precipitation step” in which at least one of agglomeration and precipitation with lime milk and a carbonic acid saturation treatment is performed on a sugar solution obtained by dissolving the crystals obtained in the sugar washing step with warm water.
- “Impurity removal step” in which impurities are removed with activated carbon, a filter, etc., and “desalting treatment step” with an ion exchange resin or the like. Since the impurity X according to the present invention is almost completely removed together with the sugar and substances other than the impurity X through the “decolorization step”, the sucrose after the “decolorization step” is used for the succinic acid production reaction. Tend to be unfavorable.
- (C) It is manufactured by concentrating and purifying a sugar solution extracted from a plant, and the absorbance at 350 nm of a 10% by weight sucrose concentration solution is usually 0.50 or more, preferably 3.0 or more, more preferably Sucrose which is 4.0 or more.
- the upper limit of the absorbance at 350 nm of this 10% sucrose concentration solution is usually 100, preferably 50.
- sucrose containing the impurities X described in (A) to (C) above commercially available products can be used.
- raw material sugar manufactured by Dainippon Meiji Sugar Co., Ltd.
- acne examples thereof include sugar (manufactured by Nissin Sugar Co., Ltd.), powdered brown sugar (manufactured by Nissin Sugar Co., Ltd.), powder jet black brown sugar (manufactured by Nissin Sugar Co., Ltd.), and main millet red sugar (manufactured by Mitsui Sugar Co., Ltd.).
- sucrose containing the impurity X examples include molasses containing the impurity X.
- sugarcane-derived molasses is preferable.
- the molasses containing the impurity X commercially available ones can be used. Specifically, for example, Neomoracesto (manufactured by EM Laboratories Co., Ltd.) and Okinawa black molasses (manufactured by Kurose Honpo Co., Ltd., manufactured by Kakinohana) etc. Is mentioned.
- Sucrose containing impurities X may contain fermentable carbohydrates.
- fermentable carbohydrates include carbohydrates such as galactose, lactose, glucose, fructose, glycerol, saccharose, starch and cellulose; polyalcohols such as glycerin, mannitol, xylitol and ribitol.
- microorganism used in the production method of the present invention is not limited as long as it is a microorganism having succinic acid-producing ability.
- succinic acid producing ability refers to the ability to accumulate succinic acid in a medium when a microorganism is cultured.
- microorganism used in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include coryneform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Anaerobiospirillum genus, Acinobacillus genus, filamentous fungi and yeast. (Hereinafter, this may be referred to as “microorganism used in the production method of the present invention”).
- coryneform bacteria Escherichia coli, Anaerobiospirillum genus and yeast are preferable, coryneform bacteria, Escherichia coli and yeast are more preferable, and coryneform bacteria and yeast are particularly preferable.
- coryneform bacteria examples include the genus Corynebacterium, the genus Brevibacterium, the genus Arthrobacter, the genus Mycobacterium, the genus Microbacterium and the micrococcus. (Micrococcus) genus.
- Brevibacterium flavum examples include Brevibacterium flavum, Brevibacterium lactofermentum, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and the like.
- Brevibacterium flavum, Brevibacterium lactofermentum and Corynebacterium glutamicum are very closely related to each other and have similar properties. In the current taxonomy, they are classified as the same species. Sometimes.
- Particularly preferable specific examples of the parent strain of the microorganism used in the production method of the present invention include Brevibacterium flavum MJ-233 (FERM BP-1497), MJ-233 AB-41 (FERM BP-1498), Corynebacterium And U. glutamicum ATCC 31831 and Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869.
- Brevibacterium flavum is currently sometimes classified as Corynebacterium glutamicum (Lielbl, W., et al., International Journal of Systemic Bacteriology, 1991, vol. 41, p255-260). Therefore, in the present invention, Brevibacterium flavum MJ-233 strain and its mutant MJ-233 AB-41 strain are the same as Corynebacterium glutamicum MJ-233 strain and MJ-233 AB-41 strain, respectively. Stocks.
- Brevibacterium flavum MJ-233 was established on April 28, 1975, by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Institute of Industrial Science, Microbial Industrial Technology Research Institute (currently the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center) (305-5866 Japan) Deposited as deposit number FERM P-3068 at Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 1-chome, 1st, 1st, 6th, and transferred to an international deposit based on the Budapest Treaty on May 1, 1981, deposited under the deposit number of FERM BP-1497 Has been.
- filamentous fungi examples include Aspergillus genus, Penicillium genus, and Rizopus genus.
- Aspergillus genus examples include Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae.
- Penicillium examples include Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium simplicium, and the like.
- Examples of the Risopus genus include Rhizopus oryzae.
- yeast examples include, for example, Saccharomyces, Shizosaccharomyces, Candida, Pichia, Kluyveromyces and Kluyveromyces. Is mentioned.
- Saccharomyces examples include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces uvalum, S. bayanus, and the like.
- Shizosaccharomyces examples include Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
- Candida albicans examples include Candida albicans, C. sonorensis and C. glabrata.
- Pichia pastoris examples include Pichia pastoris and P. stipidis.
- Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii examples of the genus Zygosaccharomyces.
- the production method of the present invention includes not only wild strains of microorganisms used in the production method of the present invention, but also genetic strains such as mutant strains obtained by normal mutation treatment such as UV irradiation and NTG treatment, cell fusion, and gene recombination methods.
- derived by the method are also used.
- succinic acid those obtained by a known method such as enhanced expression of biosynthetic enzyme gene or decreased expression of degrading enzyme gene are used for succinic acid.
- a supplemental pathway enzyme selected from pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is enhanced or imparted to the unmodified form. And the like that have been genetically modified.
- pyruvate-derived by-product-producing enzymes that is, microorganisms in which the pyruvate-derived by-product is lactic acid
- pyruvate-derived by-product is lactic acid
- pyruvate-derived by-product is ethanol
- the pc gene can be constructed by high expression in a host microorganism using a plasmid. Moreover, it may be integrated on the chromosome by homologous recombination, or the expression of the pc gene can be enhanced by promoter replacement. Transformation can be performed by, for example, an electric pulse method (Res. Microbiol., Vol. 144, p. 181-185, 1993).
- the PC activity is enhanced means that the PC activity is preferably increased by 1.5 times or more, more preferably by 3.0 times or more per unit cell weight with respect to the unmodified type such as the wild strain or the parent strain. It means that The enhanced PC activity is confirmed by a known method such as J. Org. Bacteriol. , 158, 55-62, (1984), and can be confirmed by measuring PC activity. As the pc gene and a specific introduction method, those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-259451 are used.
- PEPCK phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- the gene derived from Mannheimia succiniciproducens, Actinobacillus succinogenes, and Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens can be directly introduced into a host microorganism by a plasmid or integrated by homologous recombination.
- a promoter for highly expressing the gene in the host is not particularly limited as long as it functions in the host microorganism at least under anaerobic conditions or oxygen-limited conditions.
- PEPC phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
- LDH lactodehydrogenase
- LDH activity is reduced means that LDH activity is reduced as compared with the unmodified type. LDH activity may be completely lost. The decrease in LDH activity can be confirmed by measuring LDH activity by a known method (L. Kanarek, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 239, 4202 (1964), etc.).
- Pyruvate decarboxylase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “PDC”) (EC 4.1.1.1) yeast that has been genetically modified to reduce activity compared to the unmodified type includes, for example, Japan As described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-174947 and International Publication No. 2005/052174, a gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase 1, a gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase 5, and pyruvate decarboxylase 6 Can be constructed by deleting the gene encoding.
- the yeast having reduced pyruvate decarboxylase activity may mutate or interfere with the promoter of the pyruvate decarboxylase structural gene, the gene that regulates the expression of the pyruvate decarboxylase structural gene, or the promoter of the regulatory gene, Alternatively, it may be constructed by deleting at least a part of the gene and introducing an antisense construct that reduces translation from pyruvate decarboxylase mRNA into pyruvate decarboxylase protein into the yeast. it can.
- the decrease in the activity of pyruvate decarboxylase can be confirmed by measuring the enzyme activity by a known method (van Maris, et al, 2003).
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ADH”) (EC 1.1.1.1) yeast that has been genetically modified to reduce activity compared to the unmodified type is, for example, A gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 as described in JP 2007-174947, more preferably a gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and alcohol dehydrogenase 2 as described in WO 2010/003728. It can be constructed by deleting the encoding gene.
- Yeast having reduced alcohol dehydrogenase activity may mutate or interfere with the promoter of the alcohol dehydrogenase structural gene, the gene that regulates the expression of the alcohol dehydrogenase structural gene, or the promoter of the regulatory gene, or at least one of the genes. It can also be constructed by deleting a part, and by introducing into the yeast an antisense construct that reduces translation from alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA to alcohol dehydrogenase protein.
- the microorganism used in the production method of the present invention may be an acetate kinase (hereinafter referred to as “the enhancement of the supplementary pathway enzyme activity or the enhancement of the supplementary pathway enzyme activity and the reduction of the pyruvate-derived byproduct-producing enzyme activity”).
- ACK acetate kinase
- PTA phosphotransacetylase
- POXB pyruvate oxidase
- ACH acetyl CoA hydrolase
- At least one selected from the group consisting of malate transport protein (hereinafter also referred to as “MAE”) Recombinantly above may be one obtained by introducing the enhanced or new the enzyme activity.
- Either one of PTA and ACK may reduce the activity, but in order to efficiently reduce the by-product of acetic acid, it is more preferable to reduce both activities.
- PTA activity refers to the activity of catalyzing the reaction of transferring phosphoric acid to acetyl CoA to produce acetyl phosphoric acid.
- Modified to reduce PTA activity means that PTA activity is lower than that of an unmodified type, for example, a wild type strain.
- the PTA activity is preferably reduced to 30% or less per unit cell weight, more preferably 10% or less, compared to the unmodified type. Further, the PTA activity may be completely lost.
- the decrease in PTA activity is described in, for example, Klotzsch, H. et al. R. , Meth Enzymol. 12, 381-386 (1969) and the like, and can be confirmed by measuring PTA activity.
- ACK activity refers to the activity of catalyzing the reaction of producing acetic acid from acetyl phosphate and ADP. “Modified to reduce ACK activity” means that ACK activity is lower than that of an unmodified type, for example, a wild type strain. The ACK activity is preferably reduced to 30% or less per unit cell weight, more preferably 10% or less, compared to the unmodified type. Further, the ACK activity may be completely lost. The decrease in ACK activity can be confirmed by measuring ACK activity by the method of Ramponi et al. (Ramponi G., Meth. Enzymol. 42, 409-426 (1975)).
- both enzymes are encoded by the pta-ack operon (GenBank Accession No. X89084), so when the pta gene is disrupted, PTA And the activity of both ACK enzymes can be reduced.
- the activity of PTA and ACK is reduced by disrupting these genes according to a known method, for example, a method using homologous recombination or a method using a sacB gene (Schaffer, A. et al. Gene 145 (1994) 69-73). Can be done. Specifically, it can be carried out according to the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-000091.
- the above GenBank Accession No As the pta gene and the ack gene, the above GenBank Accession No.
- a gene having a degree of homology that causes homologous recombination with the pta gene and the ack gene on the host chromosome can also be used.
- the homology that causes homologous recombination is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and particularly preferably 95% or more.
- homologous recombination can occur if the DNAs can hybridize with each other under stringent conditions.
- POXB activity refers to the activity of catalyzing the reaction of generating acetic acid from pyruvic acid and water. “Modified to reduce POXB activity” means that POXB activity is lower than that of an unmodified type, for example, a wild type strain. The POXB activity is preferably reduced to 30% or less per unit cell weight, more preferably 10% or less, compared to the non-modified type. Further, the POXB activity may be completely lost. POXB activity is determined by Chang Y. et al. , Et al. , J .; Bacteriol. 151, 1279-1289 (1982) and the like, and can be confirmed by measuring the activity.
- the decrease in POXB activity is caused by disrupting the poxB gene according to a known method, for example, a method using homologous recombination or a method using the sacB gene (Schaffer, A. et al. Gene 145 (1994) 69-73). Can be performed. Specifically, it can be performed according to the method disclosed in International Publication No. 2005/113745.
- poxB gene examples include GenBank Accession No. A gene having the base sequence of Cgl2610 (the 2777766-2778505th complementary strand of GenBank Accession No. BA000036) can be mentioned, but it has homology to the extent that homologous recombination occurs with the podB gene on the chromosomal DNA of the host bacteria. Therefore, a homologous gene of the sequence can also be used.
- the homology that causes homologous recombination is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and particularly preferably 95% or more.
- homologous recombination can occur if the DNAs can hybridize with each other under stringent conditions.
- ACH activity refers to the activity of catalyzing the reaction of producing acetic acid from acetyl CoA and water. “Modified to reduce ACH activity” means that ACH activity is lower than that of an unmodified type, for example, a wild type strain.
- the ACH activity is preferably reduced to 30% or less per unit cell weight, more preferably 10% or less, compared to the unmodified type.
- the “decrease” includes the case where the activity is completely lost.
- ACH activity is described, for example, by Gergely, J. et al. , Et al. , (1952) J. Am. Biol. Chem. It can be measured by the method described in 198 p323-334.
- the decrease in ACH activity is caused by disrupting the ach gene according to a known method, for example, a method using homologous recombination or a method using the sacB gene (Schaffer, A. et al. Gene 145 (1994) 69-73). It can be carried out. Specifically, it can be performed according to the method disclosed in International Publication No. 2005/113744.
- Ach gene includes, for example, GenBank Accession No. A gene having the base sequence of Cgl2569 (the complementary sequence of 2729376-2730917 of GenBank Accession No. BA00000036) is mentioned, but it has homology to the extent that homologous recombination occurs with the ach gene on the chromosomal DNA of the host bacteria. Therefore, a homologous gene of the sequence can also be used.
- the homology that causes homologous recombination is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and particularly preferably 95% or more.
- homologous recombination can occur if the DNAs can hybridize with each other under stringent conditions.
- microorganism having the FRD gene recombined can be constructed by the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-95169 and International Publication No. 2010/003728.
- Microorganisms recombined with the MDH gene can be constructed by the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-320208 and International Publication No. 2010/003728.
- microorganism having the MAE gene recombined can be constructed by the methods described in International Publication Nos. 2010/003728 and 2007/061590.
- the microorganisms used in the production method of the present invention include two or more of the above modifications in addition to the enhancement of the supplementary pathway enzyme activity, or the enhancement of the supplementary pathway enzyme activity and the reduction of pyruvate-derived byproduct production activity. It may be a microorganism obtained by combining these modifications.
- microorganisms that is at least one of those that have been genetically modified so that lactate dehydrogenase activity is reduced compared to the unmodified type and those that have been genetically modified so that pyruvate carboxylase activity is enhanced compared to the unmodified type More preferred are microorganisms that have been genetically modified so that lactate dehydrogenase activity is reduced compared to the unmodified form and genetically modified so that pyruvate carboxylase activity is enhanced compared to the unmodified form.
- Preferred microorganisms include, for example, the Brevibacterium flavum MJ233 / PC-4 / ⁇ LDH strain described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-259451, the alcohol dehydrogenase described in International Publication No. 2010/003728, etc.
- ADH1 and ADH2 genes Disruption of ADH1 and ADH2 genes, destruction of GPD1 gene encoding glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene, malate dehydrogenase gene, fumarase gene, NADH type fumarate reductase gene and malate transport protein gene
- Recombinant yeast strain SUC-200 (MATA ura3-52 leu2-112 trp1-289 adh1 :: lox adh2 :: lox gpd1 :: anlox, overexpressing PCKa, MDH3, FUMR, include FRDg and SpMAE1) or the like.
- seed culture As the microorganism used in the production method of the present invention, a microorganism cultured on a slope in a solid medium such as an agar medium may be directly used for the production reaction of succinic acid. It is preferable to use a culture medium (seed culture) in a liquid medium.
- a normal medium used for culturing the above microorganisms can be used.
- a general medium in which natural nutrient sources such as meat extract, yeast extract and peptone are added to a composition comprising inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate and magnesium sulfate can be used.
- the sugar used for seed culture is not particularly limited as long as it is a sugar that can be succinic acid produced by the above-mentioned microorganisms.
- Carbohydrates; fermentable carbohydrates such as polyalcohols such as glycerin, mannitol, xylitol and ribitol are used, among which glucose, sucrose, fructose and glycerol are preferred, and glucose, purified sucrose and impurities containing impurities X are particularly preferred.
- Sugar is preferred. Purified sucrose is more preferred in that it does not contain fructose, which has a poor yield of microorganisms per oxygen supply.
- starch saccharified solution and molasses containing the fermentable saccharide can be used. These sugars can be used alone or in combination.
- the content of the sugar in the medium used for seed culture is not particularly limited, but it is advantageous to make it as high as possible within the range not inhibiting the production of succinic acid.
- V preferably 10 to 20% (W / V).
- additional sugar may be added in accordance with the decrease of the sugar as the reaction proceeds.
- the medium containing sucrose used for seed culture of succinic acid is preferably heat-treated before acting on a microorganism having succinic acid-producing ability. Moreover, it is preferable to adjust the pH of the reaction solution containing sucrose to usually 6 or more, preferably 7 or more, and usually 10 or less, preferably 9 or less before the heat treatment. By setting the pH of the reaction solution containing sucrose before the heat treatment to 6 or more, production of fructose which is a decomposition product of sucrose can be prevented.
- the conditions for seed culture in which the microorganism used in the production method of the present invention is preliminarily grown can be appropriately set depending on the microorganism to be used.
- the optimum growth temperature is usually 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- yeast it is usually 10 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 35 ° C, particularly preferably 30 ° C to 35 ° C.
- the culture time may be a time for obtaining a certain amount of microorganisms, but is usually 6 to 96 hours.
- the optimum growth temperature refers to the temperature at which the growth rate is fastest under the conditions used for producing succinic acid.
- a method for preparing a microorganism more suitable for the production of succinic acid a method of culturing so as to alternately and repeatedly repeat depletion and fullness of a carbon source described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-259451 is also used. Can do.
- the microorganism after seed culture is preferably used in the method of the present invention after being collected by centrifugation, membrane separation or the like.
- the processed material of this microorganism can also be used as a microorganism used for the manufacturing method of this invention.
- the processed microorganisms include microorganisms cultured and recovered by the above method fixed with acrylamide, carrageenan, etc., disrupted microorganisms, centrifuge supernatant of the disrupted substances, and supernatant obtained from ammonium sulfate. Examples thereof include fractions partially purified by treatment.
- succinic acid is produced by allowing a microorganism having succinic acid-producing ability to act on sucrose containing impurities X.
- the microorganism used for producing the succinic acid is preferably a microorganism obtained by proliferating in advance by seed culture.
- the production method of the present invention comprises a step of growing a microorganism having succinic acid-producing ability in advance (a seed culture step), and a microorganism obtained by the seed culture step is allowed to act on sucrose containing an impurity X to produce succinic acid. It is preferable to include the process (succinic acid production
- the sucrose used in the seed culture step may be the same as or different from the sucrose used in the succinic acid production step.
- the sucrose used in the succinic acid production step is preferably sucrose containing impurities X estimated to have an action of enhancing the succinic acid metabolic system in an anaerobic atmosphere as described above.
- the content of sucrose containing the impurity X in the reaction solution in the succinic acid production reaction is not particularly limited, but can be as high as possible within a range not inhibiting the production of succinic acid, and is generally 5.0-30. % (W / V), preferably 10 to 20% (W / V).
- sucrose containing impurities X may be additionally added in accordance with the decrease of sucrose containing impurities X accompanying the progress of the succinic acid production reaction.
- the additional addition may be a stepwise addition or a continuous addition.
- the reaction solution when using microorganisms in which high-concentration sugars inhibit the production of succinic acid, such as yeast, it is preferable to add to the reaction solution sequentially so that the sugar-limiting condition is satisfied. Is preferably adjusted to 1 g / L or less, more preferably 0.7 g / L, and particularly preferably 0.5 g / L or less.
- the reaction solution containing sucrose used for the succinic acid production reaction is preferably subjected to a heat treatment before acting on a microorganism having succinic acid-producing ability. Moreover, it is preferable to adjust the pH of the reaction solution containing sucrose to usually 6 or more, preferably 7 or more, and usually 10 or less, preferably 9 or less before the heat treatment. By setting the pH of the reaction solution containing sucrose before the heat treatment to 6 or more, decomposition of sucrose can be prevented.
- the reaction solution containing sucrose used for the succinic acid production reaction is not particularly limited.
- the reaction solution may be a medium for culturing microorganisms capable of producing succinic acid, or a buffer solution such as a phosphate buffer. It may be.
- the reaction solution is preferably an aqueous solution containing a nitrogen source and an inorganic salt.
- the nitrogen source is not particularly limited as long as it is a nitrogen source that can be used by microorganisms capable of producing succinic acid to produce succinic acid and the like. Specifically, for example, ammonium salt, nitrate, urea, soybean hydrolyzate, etc. Examples include various organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds such as degradation products, casein degradation products, peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, and corn steep liquor.
- the inorganic salt for example, metal salts such as various phosphates, sulfates, magnesium, potassium, manganese, iron and zinc are used.
- factors that promote growth such as vitamins such as biotin, pantothenic acid, inositol, and nicotinic acid, nucleotides, and amino acids are added as necessary.
- the reaction solution used for the succinic acid production reaction contains, for example, carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide gas), in addition to sucrose, nitrogen source and inorganic salt containing the impurity X described above. It is preferable to make it.
- Carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions are supplied from magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate, which can also be used as a neutralizing agent. Or it can also supply from these salts or carbon dioxide gas.
- the carbonate or bicarbonate salt include magnesium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium bicarbonate.
- the carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions are preferably added at a concentration of 1 to 500 mM, more preferably 2 to 300 mM, and even more preferably 3 to 200 mM.
- carbon dioxide gas is contained, 50 mg to 25 g, more preferably 100 mg to 15 g, and further preferably 150 mg to 10 g of carbon dioxide gas per liter of the solution is contained.
- the pH of the reaction solution used for the succinic acid production reaction should be adjusted by adding sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc. Can do.
- the pH of the reaction solution used for the succinic acid production reaction is usually 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 9.5 for microorganisms with low acid resistance.
- the pH is adjusted within the above range with an alkaline substance, carbonate, urea or the like.
- the pH of the reaction solution used for the succinic acid production reaction is usually pH 1 to 5, preferably pH 1.5 to 4, particularly preferably pH 2. It is preferable to set it to -3.5.
- the reaction temperature in the succinic acid production reaction is preferably the optimum growth temperature of the microorganism having the ability to produce succinic acid, or a temperature 2 to 20 ° C. higher than the optimum growth temperature, and a temperature 7 to 15 ° C. higher. More preferably.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 37 to 45 ° C, more preferably 39 to 45 ° C, still more preferably 39 to 43 ° C, A temperature of 39 to 41 ° C. is particularly preferable.
- the temperature range be 50% or more, preferably 80% or more of the total reaction time.
- the reaction time in the succinic acid production reaction is preferably 1 to 168 hours, more preferably 3 to 72 hours.
- the amount of bacterial cells in the reaction solution in the succinic acid production reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 700 g / L, more preferably 10 to 500 g / L, and still more preferably 20 to 400 g / L.
- the above succinic acid generation reaction may be carried out by aeration and stirring, but it is preferably carried out in an anaerobic atmosphere in which no aeration is performed and oxygen is not supplied or the aeration is restricted and the oxygen supply amount is limited.
- “under an anaerobic atmosphere” means that the reaction is performed while the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution is kept low.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration is usually preferably 0 ppm or more. Further, it is usually 2 ppm or less, preferably 1 ppm or less, more preferably 0.5 ppm or less.
- a method for carrying out the succinic acid generation reaction in an anaerobic atmosphere for example, a container is sealed and reacted without aeration, or an inert gas such as nitrogen gas is supplied and reacted. It can be obtained by a method such as venting active gas.
- the doubling time of the microorganism having the ability to produce succinic acid in the succinic acid production reaction is not particularly limited, but is usually 40 hours or longer, preferably 50 hours or longer, more preferably 60 hours or longer. Also, it is usually 500 hours or shorter, preferably 300 hours or shorter, more preferably 200 hours or shorter.
- the doubling time By setting the doubling time to 40 hours or more, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the amount of succinic acid produced because sugar is used for cell growth, and to suppress an increase in by-products produced along with the growth. The cost in the succinic acid production process can be reduced. In addition, by setting the doubling time to 500 hours or less, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the amount of succinic acid produced due to the killing of the cells that are the catalyst.
- the doubling time of the microorganism having the ability to produce succinic acid in the succinic acid production reaction is the time taken for the number of the microorganisms to increase by a factor of two, and the concentration of cells at two points (OD) ) Or based on the value of the dry cell mass, the following formula (1) is used.
- T2 and T1 are sampling points at two points
- X1 and X2 are values of the cell concentration or dry cell weight corresponding to the two points.
- Succinic acid accumulated in the reaction solution (culture solution) can be collected from the reaction solution according to a conventional method. Specifically, for example, solid substances such as bacterial cells are removed by centrifugation and filtration, and then desalted with an ion exchange resin or the like and purified from the solution by crystallization or column chromatography. Acid can be collected.
- 1,4-butanediol is produced by producing succinic acid by the production method of the present invention described above and then hydrogenating the obtained succinic acid.
- 1,4-butanediol is used as a raw material for polybutylene succinate resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, tetrahydrofuran (solvent), and ⁇ -butyrolactan which is a precursor of N-methylpyrrolidone and N-vinylpyrrolidone.
- a succinic acid-containing polymer can be produced by conducting a polymerization reaction using succinic acid produced by the production method of the present invention as a raw material.
- succinic acid produced by the production method of the present invention is a polymer such as polyester or polyamide. It can be processed and used.
- succinic acid-containing polymer specifically, for example, a succinic acid polyester obtained by polymerizing a diol such as butanediol and ethylene glycol and succinic acid, and a diamine such as hexamethylenediamine and succinic acid are polymerized.
- a succinic acid polyester obtained by polymerizing a diol such as butanediol and ethylene glycol and succinic acid, and a diamine such as hexamethylenediamine and succinic acid are polymerized.
- examples thereof include succinic acid polyamide.
- the succinic acid obtained by the production method of the present invention or a composition containing the succinic acid can be used for food additives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and the like.
- Example 1 Effect of sucrose containing impurity X (in the presence of NaHCO 3 ) ⁇ Seed culture> 100 mL seed culture medium (urea: 4 g, ammonium sulfate: 14 g, monopotassium phosphate: 0.5 g, dipotassium phosphate 0.5 g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate: 0.5 g, ferrous sulfate-7 water Japanese product: 20 mg, manganese sulfate / hydrate: 20 mg, yeast extract: 1 g, casamino acid: 1 g, thiamine hydrochloride: 200 ⁇ g, biotin: 200 ⁇ g, and distilled water: 1000 mL of medium 100 mL) are put into a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, Sterilized by heating at 120 ° C.
- urea 4 g, ammonium sulfate: 14 g, monopotassium phosphate: 0.5 g, dipotassium
- a substrate solution (reagent special grade sucrose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) or sucrose containing each impurity X shown in Table 1): 50 g, hydrogen carbonate Sodium: 67.0 g dissolved in distilled water and made up to 1000 mL) 0.5 mL was added, and the mixture was reacted at 39 ° C. for 5 hours in an atmosphere of 20 vol% carbon dioxide gas and 80 vol% nitrogen gas.
- the doubling time of the MJ233 / PC-4 / ⁇ LDH strain in the succinic acid production reaction was 70 hours or more. After the reaction, the succinic acid concentration of the supernatant centrifuged at 12,000 rpm and room temperature for 5 minutes was quantified. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the method for measuring the amount of succinic acid accumulated in the centrifugal supernatant is as follows.
- the supernatant and a succinic acid sample having a concentration of 10 g / L are obtained by using a Hitachi high-performance liquid chromatography system [UV detector; L-2400, RI detector; -2490, pump; L-2130, column oven; L-2350, autosampler; L-2200], and detected with succinic acid standard in analysis at wavelength 210nm using UV detector
- the succinic acid accumulation amount was converted from the ratio of the succinic acid peak area value to the succinic acid peak area value detected in the supernatant.
- the measurement conditions of high performance liquid chromatography are shown below.
- Example 2 Effect of sucrose containing impurity X (in the presence of MgCO 3 ) ⁇ Seed culture> 100 mL seed culture medium (urea: 4 g, ammonium sulfate: 14 g, monopotassium phosphate: 0.5 g, dipotassium phosphate 0.5 g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate: 0.5 g, ferrous sulfate 7 water Japanese product: 20 mg, manganese sulfate / hydrate: 20 mg, yeast extract: 1 g, casamino acid: 1 g, thiamine hydrochloride: 200 ⁇ g, biotin: 200 ⁇ g, and distilled water: 1000 mL of medium 100 mL) are put into a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, Sterilized by heating at 120 ° C.
- urea 4 g, ammonium sulfate: 14 g, monopotassium phosphate: 0.5 g, dipotassium
- ⁇ Succinic acid production reaction> The obtained whole culture broth was collected by centrifugation at 5000 ⁇ g, 4 ° C. for 7 minutes, and a cell suspension medium (magnesium sulfate 7-hydrate: 1 g, ferrous sulfate 7-hydrate: 40 mg, manganese sulfate hydrate: 40 mg, monoammonium phosphate: 0.8 g, diammonium phosphate: 0.8 g, potassium chloride: 0.3 g, thiamine hydrochloride: 200 ⁇ g, biotin: 200 ⁇ g, and distilled water: 1000 mL After washing twice with 100 mL, the suspension was suspended in a cell suspension medium so that the absorbance of OD660 was 40.
- a 4 mL reactor 0.5 mL of the above cell suspension is added to 50 mL of a substrate solution (reagent special grade sucrose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) or sucrose containing each impurity X shown in Table 1) in distilled water.
- a substrate solution reagent special grade sucrose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) or sucrose containing each impurity X shown in Table 1
- 194 g of magnesium carbonate was suspended and the volume was increased to 1000 mL with distilled water.
- 0.5 mL was added, and 3% at 39 ° C. in an atmosphere of 20 vol% carbon dioxide gas and 80 vol% nitrogen gas. Reacted for hours.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 12,000 rpm and room temperature for 5 minutes, and the succinic acid accumulation concentration of the supernatant was quantified in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 3 Examination of the relationship between the absorbance of sucrose containing impurities X and the amount of accumulated succinic acid.
- 10 g each of purified sucrose and sucrose containing various impurities X shown in Table 1 were weighed, placed in a 100 mL volumetric flask, and dissolved in distilled water to prepare a 10 wt% sugar aqueous solution.
- the absorbance When the absorbance was 1.0 or more, it was appropriately diluted, and after confirming that the absorbance was 1.0 or less, the absorbance was calculated by multiplying the value by the dilution factor.
- the absorbance measurement results are shown in Table 4. The detection limit of this measurement is 0.010.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the succinic acid accumulation concentration in the microorganism using sucrose containing each impurity X obtained in Example 1 as a raw material and the absorbance measured above
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship of the succinic acid accumulation density
- Example 4 Examination of relationship between content of impurity X in sucrose and accumulated amount of succinic acid Using a microbalance, 1 g each of purified sucrose and sucrose containing various impurities X shown in Table 1 were weighed. Then, it was put into a 100 mL volumetric flask and dissolved in distilled water to prepare a 1 wt% sugar aqueous solution, and impurities were confirmed. Hitachi High Performance Liquid Chromatography System [UV detector; L-2400, RI detector; L-2490, pump; L-2130, column oven; L-2350, autosampler; L-2200] was used for confirmation of impurities. Measured. The measurement conditions are shown below.
- ULTRON PS-80H (manufactured by Shinwa Kako) is a polymer-based organic acid analysis column packed with a substrate-crosslinked styrene divinylbenzene copolymer having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m and a crosslinking degree of 8%, and the inner diameter of the column is 8 mm.
- the column length is 300 mm.
- impurity X A substance having a UV absorption maximum was detected at 95 minutes, and this substance was defined as impurity X.
- the impurity X did not show a significant absorption intensity at the same position, suggesting that the impurity X is a substance having strong absorption in the ultraviolet region.
- the content of impurity X in sucrose is measured by analyzing a succinic acid sample having a concentration of 10 g / L under the same analysis conditions as the peak area value of the impurity X by the above analysis. It calculated
- the area value of impurity X is calculated from the point where the peak is vertically divided at the valley between the fructose and impurity X peaks, from the start point (6.6 minutes) to the impurity X peak end point (7.2 minutes). Was integrated to obtain an area value.
- the baseline was the horizontal line from the rising edge of the first peak (3.8 minutes) to the impurity X peak end point.
- FIG. 4 shows a high-performance liquid chromatographic chart overwritten when this millet red sugar (manufactured by Nissin Sugar Co., Ltd.) is analyzed using a UV detector and a RI detector with wavelengths of 210 nm and 280 nm.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between impurity X and succinic acid accumulation concentration during neutralization of sodium bicarbonate.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between impurity X and succinic acid accumulation concentration during neutralization of magnesium carbonate.
- Example 5 Effect of Sucrose Containing Impurity X in Yeast
- A Preparation of Yeast Chromosomal DNA Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH500 strain (STRATAGENE) was treated with YPAD liquid medium (1 wt% yeast extract, 2 wt% polypeptone) 20 ⁇ g / ml adenine, 2 wt% glucose) was inoculated into 10 ml, and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 16 hours.
- STES buffer 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (hereinafter abbreviated as “Tris”), 0.001 M ethylenediaminetetraacetate (hereinafter “EDTA”) is collected.
- Tris 0.1 M NaCl, 0.01 M tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
- EDTA 0.001 M ethylenediaminetetraacetate
- quartz sand was added in the same volume as the cells.
- the sample was stirred with a vortex mixer for 30 seconds, then left on ice for 1 minute, and this operation was repeated three times.
- 0.1 ml of phenol / chloroform / isoamyl alcohol (volume ratio 25: 24: 1) was added, and similarly, stirring for 30 seconds and standing on ice for 1 minute were repeated twice.
- the aqueous layer was recovered by separating it into two layers using a microcentrifuge. After adding an equal volume of chloroform and stirring, it was similarly separated into two layers by a microcentrifuge, and the aqueous layer was recovered. After adding 1/10 volume of 3M sodium acetate solution (pH 5.2) and 2.5 volumes of 99% ethanol to precipitate and collect DNA, 0.05 ml of TE buffer (0.01 M Tris, 0.001 M Dissolved in EDTA, pH 7.5). To the obtained DNA, 5 mL of a 10 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.5) -1 mM EDTA ⁇ 2Na solution was added and left overnight at 4 ° C., and used as template DNA for subsequent PCR.
- the forward primer PDC1-F (SEQ ID NO: 1: 5′-aaactgcagagttagctatttgaatcagctttagtgtgtggtggtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgttttttttttttttttttttttt.
- PstI and SpeI recognition sequence can be synthesized on the 5 'side
- the BamHI and SpeI recognition sequence can be synthesized on the 3' side.
- the forward primer PDC5-F (SEQ ID NO: 3: 5′-aaactgcacaaaatgtctgaataactactagtag-3 ′) and the reverse primer PDC5-R (SEQ ID NO: 5: 5′-aaaggattccttatttttgtcgtcgtggtggtggtggtggtggtgtaggtaggtagg .
- the reverse primer PDC5-R SEQ ID NO: 5′-aaaggattccttattttgtcgtcgtggtggtggtggtggtggtgtaggtaggtaggtaggtagg.
- a fragment containing the protein coding region of PDC5 can be amplified.
- the restriction enzyme PstI recognition sequence can be synthesized on the 5 'side and the BamHI recognition sequence can be synthesized on the 3' side.
- PCR used PrimeSTAR polymerase (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) and repeated a cycle consisting of 94 ° C. for 10 seconds, 53 ° C. for 5 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 2 minutes 30 seconds 30 times.
- This PCR product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and an about 2.2 kbp pdc1 gene fragment and an about 1.7 kbp pdc5 gene fragment were confirmed.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with this ligated product, and LB agar medium (1 wt% tryptone, 0.5 wt% yeast extract, 0.5 wt% NaCl, containing 50 mg / ml ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mL X-Gal was used. 1.5% by weight agar). Clones that formed white colonies on this medium were subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then a plasmid was extracted by the alkali-SDS method.
- a plasmid in which about 2.2 kbp and 2.8 kbp fragments were confirmed by digestion with the restriction enzyme SpeI by agarose gel electrophoresis was designated as the target plasmid, and named pT7Blue-PDC1.
- pT7Blue-PDC1 was cleaved with HincII to delete the internal 1,614 bp of the PDC1 gene.
- the URA3 gene fragment which is a gene of about 1.2 kbp yeast uracil synthesis system obtained by cutting and smoothing the plasmid pUC-URA3 with HindIII, was transferred to TaKaRa DNA Ligation Kit Ver. 2 (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with a ligated product of pT7Blue-PDC1 and URA3 gene fragment, and a plasmid was extracted from the resulting clone.
- a plasmid of about 1.8 kbp and 2.8 kbp fragments confirmed by digestion with the restriction enzyme SpeI by agarose gel electrophoresis was designated as the target plasmid and named pT7Blue-pdc1 :: URA3.
- PUC-URA3 is a plasmid prepared by the following method. Using the chromosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C strain (ATCC204508) obtained by the method of (A) above as a template, forward primer URA3-F (SEQ ID NO: 5'-ggttaatgtggctgtgtgtcagg-3 '), reverse primer URA3-R (sequence) No. 6: URA3 gene fragment containing the promoter region was synthesized and isolated by PCR using 5′-gcgagggtattggatagttcc-3 ′).
- Taq polymerase manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.
- a cycle consisting of 94 ° C. for 1 minute, 53 ° C. for 1 minute, and 72 ° C. for 1 minute 30 seconds was repeated 30 times.
- the obtained PCR product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and an about 1.2 kbp URA3 gene fragment was confirmed.
- This ADE2 gene fragment was digested with the restriction enzyme HindIII, digested with the same restriction enzyme, mixed with pUC18 (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) that had been BAP-treated and dephosphorylated, and TaKaRa DNA Ligation Kit Ver. 2 (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
- Escherichia coli JM109 strain was transformed with this ligated product, and LB agar medium (1 wt% tryptone, 0.5 wt% yeast extract, 0.5 wt% NaCl, containing 50 mg / ml ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mL X-Gal was used. 1.5 wt% agar). Clones that formed white colonies on this medium were subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then a plasmid was extracted by the alkali-SDS method. It was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis that fragments of about 1.2 kbp and 2.7 kbp were generated by cleavage with the restriction enzyme HindIII.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with this ligated product, and LB agar medium (1 wt% tryptone, 0.5 wt% yeast extract, 0.5 wt% NaCl, containing 50 mg / ml ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mL X-Gal was used. 1.5% by weight agar). Clones that formed white colonies on this medium were subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then a plasmid was extracted by the alkali-SDS method.
- a plasmid of about 1.7 kbp and 2.8 kbp that could be confirmed by digestion with restriction enzymes PstI and BamHI by agarose gel electrophoresis was used as the target plasmid, which was named pT7Blue-PDC5.
- pT7Blue-PDC5 was cut with XbaI and smoothed, and the internal 136 bp of the PDC5 gene was deleted.
- an ADE2 gene fragment which is a gene of about 2.5 kbp yeast adenine synthesis system obtained by cutting plasmid pUC-ADE2 with SmaI, was added to TaKaRa DNA Ligation Kit Ver. 2 (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with a ligated product of pT7Blue-PDC5 and ADE2 gene fragment, and plasmid was extracted from the resulting clone.
- a plasmid of about 2.5 kbp and 4.1 kbp fragments confirmed by digestion with restriction enzymes PstI and BamHI by agarose gel electrophoresis was designated as the target plasmid, and named pT7Blue-pdc5 :: ADE2.
- PUC-ADE2 is a plasmid prepared by the following method. Using the chromosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C strain (ATCC204508) obtained by the method of (A) above as a template, forward primer ADE2-F (SEQ ID NO: 7'-gaattcccggggtaacggccgtacctgtgtattac-3 '), reverse primer ADE2-R (sequence) The ADE2 gene fragment containing the promoter region was synthesized and isolated by PCR using No. 8: 5′-ggatccccgggtgtatttatttagattac-3 ′).
- Taq polymerase manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.
- a cycle consisting of 94 ° C. for 1 minute, 53 ° C. for 1 minute, and 72 ° C. for 3 minutes was repeated 30 times.
- the obtained PCR product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and an ADE2 gene fragment of about 2.5 kbp was confirmed.
- This ADE2 gene fragment was cleaved with the restriction enzyme SmaI, digested with the restriction enzyme, mixed with pUC19 (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) which was BAP-treated and dephosphorylated, and mixed with TaKaRa DNA Ligation Kit Ver. 2 (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
- Escherichia coli JM109 strain was transformed with this ligated product, and LB agar medium (1 wt% tryptone, 0.5 wt% yeast extract, 0.5 wt% NaCl, containing 50 mg / ml ampicillin and 50 ⁇ g / mL X-Gal was used. 1.5 wt% agar). Clones that formed white colonies on this medium were subjected to liquid culture by a conventional method, and then a plasmid was extracted by the alkali-SDS method. It was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis that fragments of about 2.5 kbp and 2.7 kbp were generated by cleavage with the restriction enzyme SmaI.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH500 strain (MAT ⁇ leu2-, ura3-, trp1-, his3-, ade2-, lys2-) was converted to the lithium acetate method (Ito, H., Fukuda, Y., Murata, K. et al.). and Kimura, A. (1983) J. Bacteriol.
- Adenine non-requiring colonies grown on an agar medium are inoculated into 5 ml of YPAE liquid medium (1% by weight yeast extract, 2% by weight polypeptone, 20 ⁇ g / ml adenine, 2% by volume ethanol) at 30 ° C. for 16 hours. Shake culture was performed. Chromosomal DNA was extracted from this culture solution by the method (A).
- the forward primer PDC5-F (SEQ ID NO: 3: 5′-aaactgcagcaaaatgtctgaaataactttagg-3 ′) and the reverse primer PDC5-7R (SEQ ID NO: 5: 5′-aaaggatccttattgttgtcgttagcgcpgcgcpgcgcpgcpgccgcpgccgcggcgg
- PrimeSTAR polymerase (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) was used, and a cycle consisting of 94 ° C. for 10 seconds, 53 ° C. for 5 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 4 minutes was repeated 30 times.
- PCR was performed in the same manner using the chromosomal DNA of YPH500 strain, plasmids pT7Blue-PDC5, pT7Blue-pdc5 :: ADE2 as a template.
- a transformant in which a DNA fragment of about 4.1 kbp, which was the same as pT7Blue-pdc5 :: ADE2, was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and the PDC5 gene was confirmed to be disrupted by homologous recombination was named YPH500 / ⁇ PDC5.
- Adenine non-requiring colonies grown on an agar medium are inoculated into 5 ml of YPAE liquid medium (1% by weight yeast extract, 2% by weight polypeptone, 20 ⁇ g / ml adenine, 2% by volume ethanol) at 30 ° C. for 16 hours. Shake culture was performed. Chromosomal DNA was extracted from this culture solution by the method (A).
- PCR was carried out in the same manner using the chromosomal DNA of the YPH500 strain, plasmids pT7Blue-PDC1, and pT7Blue-pdc1 :: URA3 as templates.
- a transformant in which a DNA fragment of about 1.8 kbp, which is the same as pT7Blue-pdc1 :: URA3, was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed that the PDC1 gene was destroyed by homologous recombination was named YPH500 / ⁇ PDC5 / ⁇ PDC1. did.
- impurity X is not contained in sugar beet-derived molasses (below the detection limit), whereas sugar cane-derived products are contained in high concentrations, but only in certain types of molasses. I found out.
- Example 7 Effect of molasses containing impurity X According to the method described in Example 1, the effect of molasses was confirmed.
- the substrate solution is a reagent special grade sucrose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) or a solution prepared by previously adjusting molasses shown in Table 7 to a sucrose concentration of 100 g / L: 500 mL, sodium bicarbonate: 67 g dissolved in distilled water, 1000 mL
- the solution was dissolved in
- the succinic acid concentration in the reaction solution at 3 hours and 5 hours after the start of the reaction was quantified, and the accumulated concentration of succinic acid generated during the 2 hours is shown in Table 8.
- the doubling time of the MJ233 / PC-4 / ⁇ LDH strain related to the succinic acid production reaction was 70 hours or more.
- the succinic acid accumulation concentration was improved when molasses containing impurities X was used as a substrate, compared with purified sucrose (reagent special grade sucrose).
- Example 8 Analysis of Impurity X by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- the conditions described in Table 5 were used under the conditions described in Example 5 except that MCI GEL CK08EH (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical) was used as a separation column for high performance liquid chromatography.
- the raw sugar, fructose, and succinic acid sample were analyzed, and the resulting chromatographic chart is shown in FIG.
- MCI GEL CK08EH manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical
- the column length is 300 mm.
- the peak top time of impurity X is detected in the range of 0.85 to 0.91 in the ratio to the peak top time of succinic acid.
- the contents of the impurity X defined by the peak are as shown in Table 5 and Table 7.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1.コハク酸産生能を有する微生物をショ糖に作用させるコハク酸の製造方法において、該ショ糖が以下であることを特徴とするコハク酸の製造方法。
ショ糖濃度1重量%に調製した水溶液を以下の測定条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した際の保持時間6.7から6.95分で検出される物質を含有し、該水溶液における該物質の含有量がコハク酸換算値として0.02g/L~100g/Lであるショ糖。
(測定条件)
分離カラム;ULTRON PS-80H(信和化工製)
溶媒;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nmUV
注入量;10μL
2.コハク酸産生能を有する微生物をショ糖に作用させるコハク酸の製造方法において、該ショ糖が以下であることを特徴とするコハク酸の製造方法。
ショ糖濃度1重量%に調製した水溶液を以下の測定条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した際の保持時間6.7から6.95分で検出される物質を含有し、該水溶液における該物質の含有量がコハク酸換算値として0.02g/L~100g/Lであるショ糖。
(測定条件)
分離カラム;粒径が7~11μm及び架橋度が7~9%である基質架橋型スチレンジビニルベンゼン共重合体を基材とし、内径が7.8~8.2mm及び長さが260~340mmである分離カラム
溶媒;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nmUV
注入量;10μL
3.コハク酸産生能を有する微生物をショ糖に作用させるコハク酸の製造方法において、該ショ糖が以下であることを特徴とするコハク酸の製造方法。
ショ糖濃度1重量%に調製した水溶液を以下の測定条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した際のピークにおいて、ピークトップの時間[a]がコハク酸標品のピークトップの時間[b]との比([a]/[b])において0.85から0.91で検出されるピークの物質を含有し、かつ該水溶液における該物質の含有量がコハク酸換算値として0.02g/L~100g/Lであるショ糖。
(測定条件)
分離カラム;粒径が7~11μmである基質架橋型スチレンジビニルベンゼン共重合体を基材とする分離カラム
溶媒;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nmUV
注入量;10μL
4.前記ショ糖が以下であることを特徴とする前項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
ショ糖濃度10重量%水溶液の350nmにおける吸光度が0.50以上100以下であるショ糖。
5.コハク酸産生能を有する微生物がコリネ型細菌、大腸菌、アナエロビオスピリラム(Anaerobiospirillum)属、アクチノバチルス(Acinobacillus)属、糸状菌および酵母菌からなる群から選択される微生物であることを特徴とする前項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
6.前記ショ糖が、植物から搾取した糖液を濃縮、精製する方法であって、脱色工程を行っていない製造方法により製造されたものであることを特徴とする前項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
7.前記微生物が、ラクテートデヒドロゲナーゼ活性が非改変型と比べて低減するように遺伝子改変されたもの及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ活性が非改変型と比べて増強するように遺伝子改変されたもの少なくとも一方であることを特徴とする前項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
8.前記コリネ型細菌が、コリネバクテリウム グルタミカム、ブレビバクテリウム フラバムおよびブレビバクテリウム ラクトファーメンタムより選択されるものであることを特徴とする前項5~7のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
9.嫌気的雰囲気下でコハク酸産生能を有する微生物をショ糖に作用させてコハク酸を生成させることを特徴とする前項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
10.コハク酸産生能を有する微生物を予め増殖させる種培養工程と、該種培養工程で得られた微生物を不純物Xを含有するショ糖に作用させてコハク酸を生成させるコハク酸生成工程とを含む、前項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
11.前項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法によりコハク酸を製造する工程、及び該工程で得られたコハク酸を水素化する工程を含む、1,4-ブタンジオール製造方法。
12.前項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法によりコハク酸を製造する工程、及び該工程で得られたコハク酸を原料として重合反応を行う工程を含む、コハク酸含有ポリマーの製造方法。
本発明の製造方法において、コハク酸産生能を有する微生物によるコハク酸の生成に用いるショ糖は、以下の(A)~(C)の少なくとも1の特徴を示すショ糖(以下、「不純物Xを含有するショ糖」と称することがある)である。
一方、本明細書において「精製ショ糖」とは、不純物Xの検出における測定条件と同様の条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを行うことにより求められる不純物Xの含有量がコハク酸換算値として0.02g/Lより少ないショ糖をいう。
(測定条件i)
分離カラム;ULTRON PS-80H(信和化工製)
溶媒;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nm UV
注入量;10μL
(測定条件ii)
分離カラム;粒径が7~11μm及び架橋度が7~9%である基質架橋型スチレンジビニルベンゼン共重合体を基材とし、内径が7.8~8.2mm及び長さが260~340mmである分離カラム
溶媒;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nmUV
注入量;10μL
分離カラム;粒径が7~11μmである基質架橋型スチレンジビニルベンゼン共重合体を基材とする分離カラム
溶媒;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nmUV
注入量;10μL
一方、本明細書において「精製ショ糖」は、本発明の不純物Xを含有するショ糖をさらに脱色工程を経たショ糖をいう。
本発明の製造方法に用いる微生物は、コハク酸産生能を有する微生物であれば、限定されない。本明細書において「コハク酸産生能」とは、微生物を培養したときに、培地中にコハク酸を蓄積する能力をいう。
本発明の製造方法に用いる微生物は、寒天培地等の固体培地で斜面培養したものを直接コハク酸の生成反応に用いても良いが、本発明の製造方法に用いる微生物を予め液体培地で培養(種培養)したものを用いるのが好ましい。
本発明の製造方法においては、コハク酸産生能を有する微生物を、不純物Xを含有するショ糖に作用させることによってコハク酸を生成する。当該コハク酸の生成に用いる微生物は、種培養により予め増殖させて得られた微生物であることが好ましい。
<種培養>
100mLの種培養培地(尿素:4g、硫酸アンモニウム:14g、リン酸1カリウム:0.5g、リン酸2カリウム0.5g、硫酸マグネシウム・7水和物:0.5g、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物:20mg、硫酸マンガン・水和物:20mg、酵母エキス:1g、カザミノ酸:1g、塩酸チアミン:200μg、ビオチン:200μg、及び蒸留水:1000mLの培地100mL)を500mLの三角フラスコにいれ、120℃、20分加熱滅菌した。これを室温まで冷やし、あらかじめ滅菌した50重量%ショ糖(試薬特級・和光純薬製)水溶液を4mL添加し、日本国特開2008-259451号公報に記載されているブレビバクテリウム・フラバムMJ233/PC-4/ΔLDH株を接種して16時間30℃にて種培養した。
得られた全培養液を5000×g、4℃、7分の遠心分離により集菌し、菌体懸濁培地(硫酸マグネシウム・7水和物:1g、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物:40mg、硫酸マンガン・水和物:40mg、リン酸一アンモニウム:0.8g、リン酸二アンモニウム:0.8g、塩化カリウム:0.3g、塩酸チアミン:200μg、ビオチン:200μg、及び蒸留水:1000mL)100mLで2回洗浄した後、OD660の吸光度が20になるように菌体懸濁培地に懸濁した。4mL反応器に前記の菌体懸濁液0.5mLに、基質溶液(試薬特級ショ糖(和光純薬製)または表1に示す各不純物Xを含有するショ糖のいずれか:50g、炭酸水素ナトリウム:67.0gを蒸留水に溶解し1000mLにメスアップしたもの)0.5mLを加えて、20体積%炭酸ガス、80体積%窒素ガス雰囲気下、39℃で5時間反応させた。コハク酸の生成反応におけるMJ233/PC-4/ΔLDH株の倍加時間は70時間以上であった。反応後、12,000rpm、室温、5分の条件で遠心分離した上清のコハク酸濃度を定量した。その結果を表2に示す。
カラム;ULTRON PS-80H(信和化工製)
溶離液;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
UV検出波長;210nm
注入量;10mL
<種培養>
100mLの種培養培地(尿素:4g、硫酸アンモニウム:14g、リン酸1カリウム:0.5g、リン酸2カリウム0.5g、硫酸マグネシウム・7水和物:0.5g、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物:20mg、硫酸マンガン・水和物:20mg、酵母エキス:1g、カザミノ酸:1g、塩酸チアミン:200μg、ビオチン:200μg、及び蒸留水:1000mLの培地100mL)を500mLの三角フラスコにいれ、120℃、20分加熱滅菌した。これを室温まで冷やし、あらかじめ滅菌した50重量%ショ糖(試薬特級・和光純薬製)水溶液を4mL添加し、上記ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムMJ233/PC-4/ΔLDH株をそれぞれ接種して16時間30℃にて種培養した。
得られた全培養液を5000×g、4℃、7分の遠心分離により集菌し、菌体懸濁培地(硫酸マグネシウム・7水和物:1g、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物:40mg、硫酸マンガン・水和物:40mg、リン酸一アンモニウム:0.8g、リン酸二アンモニウム:0.8g、塩化カリウム:0.3g、塩酸チアミン:200μg、ビオチン:200μg、及び蒸留水:1000mL)100mLで2回洗浄した後、OD660の吸光度が40になるように菌体懸濁培地に懸濁した。
使用糖の着色度の目安となる吸光度測定を行った。微量天秤を用いて、表1に示す精製ショ糖及び各種不純物Xを含有するショ糖を夫々10gを秤量し、100mLメスフラスコに入れ、蒸留水に溶解させて10重量%糖水溶液を調製した。分光光度計(島津社製:UV-1200)を用いて調製した糖水溶液の350nmおよび500nmの吸光度を測定した。吸光度が1.0以上を示した場合には適宜希釈し、吸光度が1.0以下であるのを確認してから、その数値に希釈倍率を乗じて吸光度を算出した。吸光度測定結果を表4に示す。この測定の検出限界は0.010である。
微量天秤を用いて、表1に示す精製ショ糖及び各種不純物Xを含有するショ糖を夫々1g秤量し、100mLメスフラスコに入れ、蒸留水に溶解させて1重量%糖水溶液を調製して不純物の確認を行った。不純物の確認には日立高速液体クロマトグラフィーシステム[UV検出機;L-2400、RI検出器;L-2490、ポンプ;L-2130、カラムオーブン;L-2350、オートサンプラー;L-2200]を用いて測定した。測定条件を以下に示す。
カラム;ULTRON PS-80H(信和化工製)
溶離液;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
UV検出波長;210nm
注入量;10mL
(A)酵母菌染色体DNAの調製
サッカロミセス・セレビシエYPH500株(STRATAGENE社)をYPAD液体培地(1重量% 酵母エキス、2重量% ポリペプトン、20μg/ml アデニン、2重量% グルコース)10mlに植菌し、30℃で16時間、振とう培養をおこなった。培養液から菌体を集菌し、STES緩衝液(0.1M NaCl、0.01M トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノメタン(以下「トリス」と略す)、0.001M エチレンジアミン四酢酸二ナトリウム(以下「EDTA」と略す)、0.1重量% ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、pH7.5)0.1mlに懸濁後、石英砂を細胞と同体積加えた。
サッカロミセス・セレビシエ由来ピルビン酸デカルボキシラーゼをコードする遺伝子pdc1、pdc5を含むDNA断片は、上記(A)で取得したサッカロミセス・セレビシエYPH500株の染色体DNAを鋳型にしてPCRにて合成、単離した。以下にその方法の詳細を示す。
上記(B)でPCR合成したPDC1遺伝子断片を制限酵素PstI(タカラバイオ社製、以下、特に記載のない限り、制限酵素はタカラバイオ社製である)およびBamHIで切断し、同制限酵素で処理したpT7Blue(タカラバイオ社製)と混合してTaKaRa DNA Ligation Kit Ver.2(タカラバイオ社製)を用いて連結した。この連結物で大腸菌DH5α株を形質転換し、50mg/mlのアンピシリンおよび50μg/mLのX-Galを含むLB寒天培地(1重量% トリプトン、0.5重量% 酵母エキス、0.5重量% NaCl、1.5重量% 寒天)に塗抹した。この培地上で白色のコロニーを形成したクローンを常法により液体培養した後、アルカリ-SDS法でプラスミドを抽出した。アガロースゲル電気泳動により、制限酵素SpeIによる切断で約2.2kbpと2.8kbpの断片が確認できたものを目的のプラスミドとし、pT7Blue-PDC1と命名した。
上記(B)でPCR合成したPDC5遺伝子断片を制限酵素PstIおよびBamHIで切断し、同制限酵素で処理したpT7Blue(タカラバイオ社製)と混合してTaKaRa DNA Ligation Kit Ver.2(タカラバイオ社製)を用いて連結した。この連結物で大腸菌DH5α株を形質転換し、50mg/mlのアンピシリンおよび50μg/mLのX-Galを含むLB寒天培地(1重量% トリプトン、0.5重量% 酵母エキス、0.5重量% NaCl、1.5重量% 寒天)に塗抹した。この培地上で白色のコロニーを形成したクローンを常法により液体培養した後、アルカリ-SDS法でプラスミドを抽出した。アガロースゲル電気泳動により、制限酵素PstIおよびBamHIによる切断で約1.7kbpと2.8kbpの断片が確認できたものを目的のプラスミドとし、pT7Blue-PDC5と命名した。
上記(D)で構築したプラスミドpT7Blue-pdc5::ADE2を制限酵素PstIおよびBamHIで切断し、アガロースゲルから約4.1kbpのDNA断片(pdc5::ADE2)をGENE CLEAN II KIT(フナコシ社製)により抽出した。このDNA断片を用いてサッカロミセス・セレビシエYPH500株(MATα leu2-、ura3-、trp1-、his3-、ade2-、lys2-)を酢酸リチウム法(Ito, H., Fukuda,Y., Murata, K. and Kimura, A. (1983) J. Bacteriol. 153(1), 163-168)で形質転換し、100mg/mlのL-ロイシン、20mg/mlのウラシル、20mg/mlのトリプトファン、20mg/mlのL-ヒスチジン、30mg/mlのL-リジンを含むSDE寒天培地(0.17重量% YEAST NITROGEN BASE w/o AMINO ACIDS(DIFCO社製)、2重量% グルコース、1容量% エタノール、2重量% 寒天)に播き、30℃で6日間培養した。
上記(C)で構築したプラスミドpT7Blue-pdc1::URA3を制限酵素SpeIで切断し、アガロースゲルから約1.8kbpのDNA断片(pdc1::URA3)をGENE CLEAN II KIT(フナコシ社製)により抽出した。このDNA断片を用いて上記(E)で作製したYPH500/ΔPDC5株を酢酸リチウム法(Ito, H., Fukuda,Y., Murata, K. and Kimura, A. (1983) J. Bacteriol. 153(1), 163-168)で形質転換し、100mg/mlのL-ロイシン、20mg/mlのトリプトファン、20mg/mlのL-ヒスチジン、30mg/mlのL-リジンを含むSDE寒天培地(0.17重量% YEAST NITROGEN BASE w/o AMINO ACIDS(DIFCO社製)、2重量% グルコース、1容量% エタノール、2重量% 寒天)に播き、30℃で6日間培養した。
<種培養>
培養培地(酵母エキス:10g、ペプトン:20g、アデニン:20mg、及び蒸留水:1000mLの培地)100mLを500mLの三角フラスコに入れ120℃、20分加熱滅菌した。これを室温まで冷やし、あらかじめフィルター滅菌した99.5%エタノールを2mL添加し、前記サッカロミセス・セレビシエ YPH500/ΔPDC5/ΔPDC1株を濁度OD660が0.1となるように接種し、30℃、160rpmにて88時間振盪培養した。
得られた培養液全量を4000×g、25℃、3分間の遠心分離により集菌し、菌体懸濁培地(リン酸一カリウム:6g、硫酸マグネシウム・七水和物:1g、エチレンジアミン四酢酸二ナトリウム・二水和物:30mg、硫酸亜鉛・七水和物:9mg、塩化コバルト・六水和物:0.6mg、塩化マンガン・四水和物:2mg、硫酸銅・五水和物:0.6mg、塩化カルシウム・二水和物:9mg、硫酸鉄・七水和物:6mg、モリブデン酸ナトリウム・二水和物:0.8mg、ホウ酸:2mg、ヨウ化カリウム:0.2mg、ビオチン:0.1mg、パントテン酸カルシウム:2mg、ニコチン酸:2mg、イノシトール:50mg、チアミン塩酸塩:2mg、ピリドキシン塩酸塩:2mg、及び蒸留水1000mLの培地)100mLで2回洗浄した後、OD660の吸光度が80となるように菌体懸濁培地に懸濁した。4mLの反応器に前記の菌体懸濁液0.5mLと基質溶液(試薬特級ショ糖(和光純薬製)または粉末黒砂糖(日新製糖製):100g、炭酸マグネシウム:60gを蒸留水に溶解し、1000mLにメスアップした溶液)0.5mLを加えて、6%炭酸ガス、14%酸素ガスの雰囲気下でレシプロ型振盪機(エイブル社製、型式MLU-4-TR-250)で30℃、250rpmで24時間反応させた。
実施例1に記載の方法に従って、糖蜜の効果を確認した。但し、菌体反応時に用いた基質溶液、反応時間及びコハク酸蓄積濃度は、後述のとおりに行った。基質溶液は、試薬特級ショ糖(和光純薬社製)または表7に示した糖蜜を予めショ糖濃度100g/Lに調整した溶液:500mL、炭酸水素ナトリウム:67gを蒸留水に溶解し、1000mLに溶解した溶液とした。
高速液体クロマトグラフィーの分離用カラムとしてMCI GEL CK08EH(三菱化学製)を用いた以外は実施例4に記載の条件にて、表5に記載の原料糖、フルクトース、及びコハク酸標品を分析し、得られたクロマトチャートを図7に示す。MCI GEL CK08EH(三菱化学製)は、粒径が9μmおよび架橋度が8%である基質架橋型スチレンジビニルベンゼン共重合体を充填したポリマー系の有機酸分析用カラムであり、カラム内径が8mmおよびカラム長さが300mmのものである。
本出願は、2009年4月16日出願の日本特許出願2009-099903に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (12)
- コハク酸産生能を有する微生物をショ糖に作用させるコハク酸の製造方法において、該ショ糖が以下であることを特徴とするコハク酸の製造方法。
ショ糖濃度1重量%に調製した水溶液を以下の測定条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した際の保持時間6.7から6.95分で検出される物質を含有し、該水溶液における該物質の含有量がコハク酸換算値として0.02g/L~100g/Lであるショ糖。
(測定条件)
分離カラム;ULTRON PS-80H(信和化工製)
溶媒;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nmUV
注入量;10μL - コハク酸産生能を有する微生物をショ糖に作用させるコハク酸の製造方法において、該ショ糖が以下であることを特徴とするコハク酸の製造方法。
ショ糖濃度1重量%に調製した水溶液を以下の測定条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した際の保持時間6.7から6.95分で検出される物質を含有し、該水溶液における該物質の含有量がコハク酸換算値として0.02g/L~100g/Lであるショ糖。
(測定条件)
分離カラム;粒径が7~11μm及び架橋度が7~9%である基質架橋型スチレンジビニルベンゼン共重合体を基材とし、内径が7.8~8.2mm及び長さが260~340mmである分離カラム
溶媒;60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速;1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nmUV
注入量;10μL - コハク酸産生能を有する微生物をショ糖に作用させるコハク酸の製造方法において、該ショ糖が以下であることを特徴とするコハク酸の製造方法。
ショ糖濃度1重量%に調製した水溶液を以下の測定条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した際のピークにおいて、ピークトップの時間[a]がコハク酸標品のピークトップの時間[b]との比([a]/[b])において0.85から0.91で検出されるピークの物質を含有し、かつ該水溶液における該物質の含有量がコハク酸換算値として0.02g/L~100g/Lであるショ糖。
(測定条件)
分離カラム;粒径が7~11μmである基質架橋型スチレンジビニルベンゼン共重合体を基材とする分離カラム
溶媒; 60重量%過塩素酸1.8mL/1L蒸留水
流速; 1.0mL/分
カラム温度;60℃
検出波長;210nmUV
注入量;10μL - 前記ショ糖が以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
ショ糖濃度10重量%水溶液の350nmにおける吸光度が0.50以上100以下であるショ糖。 - コハク酸産生能を有する微生物がコリネ型細菌、大腸菌、アナエロビオスピリラム(Anaerobiospirillum)属、アクチノバチルス(Acinobacillus)属、糸状菌および酵母菌からなる群から選択される微生物であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
- 前記ショ糖が、植物から搾取した糖液を濃縮、精製する方法であって、脱色工程を行っていない製造方法により製造されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
- 前記微生物が、ラクテートデヒドロゲナーゼ活性が非改変型と比べて低減するように遺伝子改変されたもの及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ活性が非改変型と比べて増強するように遺伝子改変されたもの少なくとも一方であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
- 前記コリネ型細菌が、コリネバクテリウム グルタミカム、ブレビバクテリウム フラバムおよびブレビバクテリウム ラクトファーメンタムより選択されるものであることを特徴とする請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
- 嫌気的雰囲気下でコハク酸産生能を有する微生物をショ糖に作用させてコハク酸を生成させることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
- コハク酸産生能を有する微生物を予め増殖させる種培養工程と、該種培養工程で得られた微生物を不純物Xを含有するショ糖に作用させてコハク酸を生成させるコハク酸生成工程とを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のコハク酸の製造方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法によりコハク酸を製造する工程、及び該工程で得られたコハク酸を水素化する工程を含む、1,4-ブタンジオール製造方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法によりコハク酸を製造する工程、及び該工程で得られたコハク酸を原料として重合反応を行う工程を含む、コハク酸含有ポリマーの製造方法。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI1012010A BRPI1012010A2 (pt) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-04-15 | método de produção de ácido succínico |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009099903 | 2009-04-16 | ||
JP2009-099903 | 2009-04-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010119927A1 true WO2010119927A1 (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
Family
ID=42982584
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/056783 WO2010119927A1 (ja) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-04-15 | コハク酸の製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP5651989B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI1012010A2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010119927A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9388433B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2016-07-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Method for producing polymer, method for producing organic acid, and organic acid-producing microorganism |
CN112710744A (zh) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-27 | 伊犁川宁生物技术股份有限公司 | 一种青霉素菌渣中青霉素残留效价的测定方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005113744A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-12-01 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | コハク酸生産菌及びコハク酸の製造方法 |
JP2008067629A (ja) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-27 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 有機酸生産菌及び有機酸の製造方法 |
JP2008259451A (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 有機酸生産微生物の菌体の調製法及び有機酸の製造法 |
-
2010
- 2010-04-15 WO PCT/JP2010/056783 patent/WO2010119927A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-04-15 JP JP2010094250A patent/JP5651989B2/ja active Active
- 2010-04-15 BR BRPI1012010A patent/BRPI1012010A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005113744A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-12-01 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | コハク酸生産菌及びコハク酸の製造方法 |
JP2008067629A (ja) * | 2006-09-13 | 2008-03-27 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 有機酸生産菌及び有機酸の製造方法 |
JP2008259451A (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 有機酸生産微生物の菌体の調製法及び有機酸の製造法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
AGARWEL L. ET AL.: "A cost effective fermentative production of succinic acid from cane molasses and corn steep liquor by Escherichia coli.", JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 100, 2006, pages 1348 - 1354 * |
TAYLOR A. K. ET AL.: "From raw sugar to raw materials.", CHEMICAL INNOVATION, vol. 30, 2000, pages 45 - 48 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9388433B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2016-07-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Method for producing polymer, method for producing organic acid, and organic acid-producing microorganism |
US10077456B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2018-09-18 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Method for producing polymer, method for producing organic acid, and organic acid-producing microorganism |
CN112710744A (zh) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-27 | 伊犁川宁生物技术股份有限公司 | 一种青霉素菌渣中青霉素残留效价的测定方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2010263887A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
BRPI1012010A2 (pt) | 2015-09-22 |
JP5651989B2 (ja) | 2015-01-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4582228B2 (ja) | ポリエステル | |
US7405068B2 (en) | Pyruvate producing yeast strain | |
EP1669459B1 (en) | Method of purifying succinic acid from fermentation liquid | |
US20110039327A1 (en) | Organic acid production by fungal cells | |
WO2005113744A1 (ja) | コハク酸生産菌及びコハク酸の製造方法 | |
WO2005113745A1 (ja) | コハク酸生産菌及びコハク酸の製造方法 | |
US8822195B2 (en) | Polypeptide having D-lactate dehydrogenase activity, polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide, and process for production of D-lactic acid | |
US9394549B2 (en) | Method for producing useful chemical substance from terephthalic acid potassium salt | |
JP2007074939A (ja) | D−乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性を有するポリペプチド、これをコードする遺伝子およびd−乳酸の製造方法 | |
US10370684B2 (en) | Treatment method of saccharide solution | |
MX2015004180A (es) | Microorganismos recombinantes para producir acidos organicos organicos. | |
JP5651989B2 (ja) | コハク酸の製造方法 | |
JP2015228804A (ja) | 2,3−ブタンジオール生産能を有する微生物およびそれを用いた2,3−ブタンジオールの製造方法、1,3−ブタジエンの製造方法 | |
WO2013069786A1 (ja) | コハク酸の製造方法 | |
JP5857954B2 (ja) | コハク酸の製造方法 | |
JP6446807B2 (ja) | 微生物を用いた有機化合物の製造方法 | |
JP2017192325A (ja) | 有機酸の製造方法 | |
JP2015061524A (ja) | 糖液の精製方法、活性炭処理糖液、有機化合物の製造方法および微生物の培養方法 | |
JP5663859B2 (ja) | 非アミノ有機酸生産菌および非アミノ有機酸の製造方法 | |
JP5810412B2 (ja) | 非アミノ有機酸の製造方法 | |
JP6394221B2 (ja) | 精製糖液の製造方法、有機化合物の製造方法および微生物の培養方法 | |
JP2008067627A (ja) | 非アミノ有機酸生産菌および非アミノ有機酸の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10764509 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 10764509 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: PI1012010 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI1012010 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20111010 |